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Algebra Matrix Solutions

This document provides answers to questions about matrices. Question 1 asks which of several matrices are in row-echelon or reduced row-echelon form. Question 2 solves systems of equations by writing them as augmented matrices and performing Gaussian elimination. Question 3 inverts several matrices both using the formula for matrix inversion and row operations. Question 4 writes several quadratic forms in the form xT Ax for a symmetric matrix A.

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162 views3 pages

Algebra Matrix Solutions

This document provides answers to questions about matrices. Question 1 asks which of several matrices are in row-echelon or reduced row-echelon form. Question 2 solves systems of equations by writing them as augmented matrices and performing Gaussian elimination. Question 3 inverts several matrices both using the formula for matrix inversion and row operations. Question 4 writes several quadratic forms in the form xT Ax for a symmetric matrix A.

Uploaded by

Lex
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Tutorial 10 - Matrices 2 Page 1 of 3

Tutorial 10 - Matrices 2
Questions with Answers

1. Which of the following matrices are in row-echelon, reduced row-echelon form


or neither?
 
1 0 0 5    
1 − 7 5 5 1 0 3 1
(i) 0 0 1 3 (ii) (iii)
0 1 3 2 0 1 2 4
0 1 0 4
   
1 5 −3 1 0 0 5  
0 0
(iv) 0 1 1  (v) 0 1 0 4 (vi)
0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 3

Answer
The matrices (ii), (iii), (iv), (iv) and (iv) are in row-echelon form.

The matrices (iii), (iv) and (iv) are in reduced row-echelon form.

2. By writing the following systems of equations as augmented matrices and


using Gaussian elimination, find the solution sets of the following systems of
equations
a) x1 + x2 + 2x3 = 8
− x1 − 2x2 + 3x3 = 1
3x1 − 7x2 + 4x3 = 10

b) 2x1 + 2x2 + 2x3 = 0


−2x1 + 5x2 + 2x3 = 1
8x1 + x2 + 4x3 = −1

c) x − y + 2z − w = −1
2x + y − 2z − 2w = −2
− x + 2y − 4z + w = 1
3x − 3w = −3

101MP Algebra [Link]@[Link]


Tutorial 10 - Matrices 2 Page 2 of 3

Answer
a) The reduced row echelon form is
 
1 0 0 3
0 1 0 1
0 0 1 2
so the only solution is x1 = 3, x2 = 1 and x3 = 2.

b) The reduced row echelon form is


 
1 0 3/7 −1/7
0 1 4/7 1/7 
0 0 0 0
The solutions are of the form x3 = s, x2 = 1/7 − 4s/7 and x1 = −1/7 − 3s/7.

c) The reduced row echelon form is


 
1 0 0 −1 −1
0 1
 −2 0 0 
0 0 0 0 0 
0 0 0 0 0
So the solutions take the form w = s, z = t, y = 2t and x = s − 1.

3. Invert the following matrices


     
1/5 1/5 −2/5 k1 0 0 0 0 k1
(i) 1/5 1/5 1/10 (ii)  0 k2 0  (iii)  0 k2 0 
1/5 −4/5 1/10 0 0 k3 k3 0 0

a) by using the formula for matrix inversion, and

b) by using row operations.

Answer
The inverses are
k− 1
0 k− 1
    
1 3 1 1 0 0 0 3
(i)  0 1 −1 (ii)  0 k−2
1
0  (iii)  0 k−
2
1
0 
−2 2 0 −1 −1
0 0 k3 k1 0 0

101MP Algebra [Link]@[Link]


Tutorial 10 - Matrices 2 Page 3 of 3

4. Write the following quadratic forms in the form xt Ax, for a symmetric matrix A.

(i) x2 − y2 (ii) − x2 + 2xy − y2


(iii) x2 + xy − y2 (iv) 2xy + 2yz + 2zx

Answer

   
1 0 −1 1
(i) (ii)
0 −1 1 −1
 
  0 1 1
1 1/2
(iii) (iv) 1 0 1
1/2 −1
1 1 0

101MP Algebra [Link]@[Link]

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