Scott Morrison

Scott John Morrison (/ˈmɒrɪsən/;[3] born 13 May 1968) is

The Honourable
an Australian politician who served as the 30th prime minister
of Australia from 2018 to 2022. He assumed office in August
Scott Morrison
2018 upon his election as leader of the Liberal Party of MP
Australia, after winning a leadership spill.

Morrison was born in Sydney and studied economic

geography at the University of New South Wales. He worked
as director of the New Zealand Office of Tourism and Sport
from 1998 to 2000 and was managing director of Tourism
Australia from 2004 to 2006. Morrison also served as state
director of the New South Wales Liberal Party from 2000 to
2004. He was first elected to the Australian House of
Representatives at the 2007 election as a member of
parliament (MP) for the division of Cook in New South
Wales, and was quickly appointed to the shadow cabinet.

After the Liberal-National coalition's victory at the 2013

election, Morrison was appointed Minister for Immigration
and Border Protection in the Abbott government, where he
Morrison in 2021
was responsible for implementing Operation Sovereign
Borders. In a reshuffle the following year, he became 30th Prime Minister of Australia
Minister for Social Services. He was later promoted to the In office

role of Treasurer in September 2015, after Malcolm Turnbull 24 August 2018 – 23 May 2022
replaced Abbott as prime minister. In August 2018, Home
Monarch Elizabeth II
Affairs Minister Peter Dutton unsuccessfully challenged
Turnbull for the leadership of the Liberal Party. Leadership Governor Sir Peter Cosgrove
tension continued, and the party voted to hold a second General David Hurley
leadership ballot days later, with Turnbull choosing not to
stand. In that ballot, Morrison was seen as a compromise Deputy Michael McCormack
candidate and defeated both Dutton and Foreign Minister Barnaby Joyce
Julie Bishop to become party leader and thus prime minister.
Preceded by Malcolm Turnbull
Morrison went on to lead the Coalition to an upset victory in Succeeded by Anthony Albanese
the 2019 election.[4] Morrison drew near unanimous Leader of the Liberal Party
condemnation for taking a holiday during Australia's 2019–
In office

20 bushfire season and for his government's response to the

24 August 2018 – 30 May 2022
disaster.[5] Morrison also faced criticism for his response to
the 2021 Parliament sexual misconduct allegations.[6] During Deputy Josh Frydenberg
the COVID-19 pandemic, Morrison established the National Preceded by Malcolm Turnbull
Cabinet, and Australia received praise during 2020 for being
Succeeded by Peter Dutton
one of the few Western countries to successfully suppress the
virus,[7] though the slow initial pace of the COVID-19 Minister for the Public Service
vaccination rollout was criticised.[8] In foreign policy, In office

Morrison oversaw the signing of the AUKUS security pact 29 May 2019 – 8 October 2021
and increased tensions between Australia and China[9] and Prime Minister Himself
Australia and France.[10] Morrison directed logistical support Preceded by Mathias Cormann
to Ukraine as part of the international effort against Russia in
Succeeded by Ben Morton
the wake of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Morrison
has also been criticised for his government's response to the Treasurer of Australia
2022 Eastern Australia floods,[11][12][13] and his perceived In office

inaction to adequately address climate change.[14][15] The 21 September 2015 – 24 August 2018
Morrison government was defeated in the 2022 Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull
federal election, with Morrison subsequently announcing he
would resign as the leader of the Liberal Party.[16] Preceded by Joe Hockey
Succeeded by Josh Frydenberg
Minister for Social Services
Contents In office

23 December 2014 – 21 September

Early life and education 2015
Early career Prime Minister Tony Abbott
Tourism Australia
Malcolm Turnbull
Political career
Preceded by Kevin Andrews
Opposition (2007–2013)
Abbott government (2013–2015) Succeeded by Christian Porter
Immigration Minister for Immigration and Border
Social services Protection

Turnbull government (2015–2018) In office

18 September 2013 – 23 December

Prime Minister of Australia (2018–2022)
2014
Leadership election
Prime Minister Tony Abbott
First term, 2018–2019
2019 federal election Preceded by Tony Burke
Second term, 2019–2022 Succeeded by Peter Dutton
Domestic affairs Member of the Australian Parliament

Bushfires for Cook

Response to parliamentary sexual Incumbent
misconduct allegations Assumed office
Afghan refugees 24 November 2007
Eastern Australia floods
Preceded by Bruce Baird
Foreign affairs
Majority 19.02% (35,765)
2019 Hong Kong protests
2019 Turkish offensive Personal details
Sino–Australian relations Born Scott John Morrison
Relations with New Zealand 13 May 1968
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine Sydney, New South
AUKUS Wales, Australia
COVID-19 pandemic Political party Liberal
Vaccine rollout Other political Coalition
Internal criticism affiliations
2022 federal election Spouse(s) Jenny Warren (m. 1990)
Political views Children 2
 Social policies Parent(s) John Douglas Morrison
Environmental policies (father)

Personal life Education University of New South

Marriage and children Wales (BSc Hons)[1]
Religious beliefs Signature
Honours
Foreign honours
References
Website [Link] (h
Further reading ttp://[Link].
External links au)
Nickname(s) ScoMo[2]

Early life and education

Morrison was born in the suburb of Waverley in Sydney,[17][18] the younger of two sons born to Marion
(née Smith) and John Douglas Morrison (1934–2020).[19] His father was a policeman who served on the
Waverley Municipal Council, including a single term as mayor.[20] Morrison's maternal grandfather was
born in New Zealand.[21] His paternal grandmother was the niece of noted Australian poet Dame Mary
Gilmore. In 2012, on the 50th anniversary of her death, he delivered a tribute to her in federal
parliament.[22] Morrison is descended from William Roberts, a convict who was convicted of stealing yarn
and transported to Australia on the First Fleet in 1788.[23]

Morrison grew up in the suburb of Bronte. He had a brief career as a child actor, appearing in several
television commercials and small roles in local shows.[24] Morrison attended Sydney Boys High School
before going on to complete a Bachelor of Science ([Link].) honours degree in applied economic geography
at the University of New South Wales.[1][25][26] His honours thesis, a demographical analysis of Christian
Brethren assemblies in Sydney, was deposited in the University of Manchester Library's Christian Brethren
Collection.[27][28] Morrison contemplated studying theology at Regent College in Vancouver, Canada, but
he instead chose to enter the workforce after completing his undergraduate education, in part due to the
disapproval of his father.[29]

Early career
After graduating from university, Morrison worked as national policy and research manager for the
Property Council of Australia from 1989 to 1995.[1] He then moved into tourism, serving as deputy chief
executive of the Australian Tourism Task Force and then general manager of the Tourism Council of
Australia; the latter was managed by Bruce Baird, whom he would eventually succeed in federal
parliament.[24]

In 1998, Morrison moved to New Zealand to become director of the newly created Office of Tourism and
Sport. He formed a close relationship with New Zealand's tourism minister, Murray McCully, and was
involved with the creation of the long-running "100% Pure New Zealand" campaign.[24][30] He left this
position in 2000, a year before the contract schedule.[31]

Morrison returned to Australia in 2000, to become state director of the New South Wales division of the
Liberal Party. He oversaw the party's campaigns in the 2001 federal election and in the 2003 New South
Wales state election.[20]
Tourism Australia

In 2004, Morrison left the NSW Liberal Party post to become the inaugural managing director of Tourism
Australia, which had been established by the Howard government. His appointment was controversial due
to its openly political nature.[20] He signed an initial three-year contract.[32] Morrison approved and
defended the contentious "So where the bloody hell are you?" advertising campaign featuring Lara Bingle.
His contract was terminated in July 2006, which at the time was attributed to conflict with tourism minister
Fran Bailey over the government's plans to further integrate the agency into the Australian Public
Service.[33] He had been awarded a pay rise by the Remuneration Tribunal three weeks before his sacking.
A 2019 investigation by The Saturday Paper suggested Morrison was sacked due to concerns that Tourism
Australia was not following government procurement guidelines for three contracts relating to the "So
where the bloody hell are you?" campaign, with a total value of $184 million. A 2008 report from the
Auditor-General found that "information had been kept from the board, procurement guidelines breached
and private companies engaged before paperwork was signed and without appropriate value-for-money
assessments". It was suggested that M&C Saatchi, which had previously worked with Morrison on the
"100% Pure" campaign in New Zealand, received favourable treatment in the tendering process.[32]

This episode and, more generally, his career in marketing led to his satirical sobriquet, "Scotty from
Marketing,"[34]
originating with the satirical news website The Betoota Advocate in August 2018. It was
taken up on Twitter in early 2019, and spiked at the height of the bushfire crisis on 29 December 2019.[35]
In January 2020, Morrison referred to the name as a "snarky comment" used by the Labor Party to discredit
him.[36][34]

Political career

Opposition (2007–2013)

Morrison sought Liberal preselection for the division of Cook, an electorate in the southern suburbs of
Sydney which includes Cronulla, Caringbah, and Miranda, for the 2007 election, following the retirement
of Bruce Baird, who had served as the member since 1998.[37][38] He lost the ballot to Michael Towke, a
telecommunications engineer and the candidate of the Liberals' right faction, by 82 votes to 8.[39] Paul
Fletcher who came closest to Towke received 70 votes. Fletcher went on to win Liberal preselection for the
North Shore seat of Bradfield.[40]

However, allegations surfaced that Towke had engaged in branch stacking and had embellished his
resume.[41] The state executive of the Liberal Party disendorsed Towke and held a new pre-selection ballot,
which Morrison won. The allegations subsequently proved to be false, and The Daily Telegraph was
forced to pay an undisclosed amount to settle a defamation suit filed by Towke.[39] At the general election,
Morrison suffered a two-party swing of over six percent against Labor candidate Mark Buttigieg, but was
able to retain the seat on the strength of winning 52 percent of the primary vote.[42] In 2022, Towke
accused Morrison of engaging in ‘racial vilification’ during the 2007 preselection, including ‘saying Mr
Morrison told party members they should not vote for him because he was from a Lebanese family and
because of rumours he was a Muslim,’ a claim Morrison denied.[43]

In September 2008, Morrison was appointed to Malcolm Turnbull's coalition front bench as shadow
minister for housing and local government.[44] In December 2009, he became shadow minister for
immigration and citizenship, coming into the shadow cabinet for the first time during Tony Abbott's first
cabinet reshuffle shortly after winning the leadership.[45]
 In December 2010, forty-eight asylum seekers died in the Christmas Island
boat disaster.[46] In February 2011, Morrison publicly questioned the
decision of the Gillard Labor government to pay for the relatives of the
victims to travel to funerals in Sydney, arguing that the same privilege was
not extended to Australian citizens. After fellow Liberal and shadow
treasurer Joe Hockey disagreed with Morrison's statements, Morrison said
that the timing of his comments was insensitive, but did not back away
from the comments themselves.[47][48] Other Liberal Party members
including former prime minister Malcolm Fraser and former opposition
Morrison in 2009 leader John Hewson also criticised Morrison for his comments.[49] In the
same month, it was revealed that Morrison had "urged the shadow cabinet
to capitalise on the electorate's growing concerns" about Muslims and
appeal to the public perception of their "inability to integrate" to gain votes.[50]

In February 2013, Morrison said that the police should be notified of where asylum seekers are living in the
community if any antisocial behaviour has occurred, and that there should be strict guidelines for the
behaviour of those currently on bridging visas while they await the determination of their claims.[51] The
new code of conduct was released by the immigration minister for more than 20,000 irregular maritime
arrivals living in the community on bridging visas.[52]

Abbott government (2013–2015)

Following the Coalition's victory at the 2013 federal election,

Morrison was appointed Minister for Immigration and Border
Protection in the Abbott government and included in cabinet.[1]

Based on a series of off-the-record interviews, in June 2014

Morrison was identified by Fairfax Media as the leader of an
informal grouping of "economically moderate, or wet" government Morrison is sworn in as Minister for
MPs, also including Greg Hunt, Stuart Robert, and Josh Social Services by Governor-General
Frydenberg. It was linked with another moderate grouping led by Sir Peter Cosgrove, 2014
Christopher Pyne. It was further reported that Morrison had
unsuccessfully argued in cabinet for a $25 million bailout of SPC
Ardmona.[53]

Immigration

On 18 September 2013, Morrison launched Operation Sovereign Borders, the new government's strategy
aimed at stopping unauthorised boats from entering Australian waters.[54] Cabinet documents from this
time revealed in 2018 that Morrison asked for mitigation strategies to avoid granting permanent visas to 700
refugees.[55] His office reported that there were 300 boats and 20,587 arrivals in 2013 to only 1 boat and
157 arrivals for all of 2014.[56] The UNHCR expressed concerns that the practice may violate the Refugee
Convention.[57] In September 2014, it was reported that zero asylum seekers had died at sea since
December 2013, compared with more than 1,100 deaths between 2008 and 2013.[58] The annual refugee
intake, which had been increased to 20,000 for 2012–13 by the previous government, was reduced to
13,750, the level it had been in 2011–12. Morrison stated that "Not one of those places will go to anyone
who comes on a boat to Australia [...] they will go to people who have come the right way."[59][60]

Morrison defended his use of the terms "illegal arrivals" and "illegal boats," saying that "I've always
referred to illegal entry ... I've never claimed that it's illegal to claim asylum."[61][62]
During his time as Immigration Minister, Morrison's dealings with the media and accountability to the
public were widely criticised by journalists, Labor and Greens senators, and others for refusing to provide
details about the matters within his portfolio. Morrison asserted that to reveal details of operations would be
to play into the hands of people smugglers who used this information to plan illegal smuggling
operations.[63] On many occasions Morrison refused to answer questions about the status of asylum seekers
or boats coming to and from Australia, often on the basis that he would not disclose "on water" or
"operational" matters.[64][65][66][67][68]

In November 2014, the Australian Human Rights Commission delivered a report to the government which
found that Morrison failed in his responsibility to act in the best interests of children in detention during his
time as Minister. The overarching finding of the inquiry was that the prolonged, mandatory detention of
asylum seeker children caused them significant mental and physical illness and developmental delays, in
breach of Australia's international obligations.[69] The report was criticised by Tony Abbott as being
politically motivated, with regard to the timing of the report's release after the Abbott government had taken
office. The government released the report publicly in February 2015.[70]

In early December 2014, Morrison had the Migration and Maritime Powers Legislation Amendment
(Resolving the Asylum Legacy Caseload) Bill 2014 passed through the Australian Parliament. The bill gave
Morrison more power than any previous minister in dealing with people seeking asylum in Australia,
including the power to return asylum seekers to their place of origin, detain asylum seekers without charge,
and refuse asylum seekers who arrive by boat access to the Refugee Review Tribunal.[71][72] The bill
reintroduced temporary protection visas to deal specifically with the backlog of 30,000 people who had
arrived under the previous Labor government but who had yet to be processed. The bill allowed those on
bridging visas to apply for work, and increased the refugee intake to 18,750.[73]

Social services

In a cabinet reshuffle in late December 2014, Morrison was appointed the

Minister for Social Services and ceased to be Minister for Immigration and
Border Protection.[74] The appointment was criticised by Australian Greens
leader Christine Milne who claimed Morrison had a lack of compassion.[74]
With a softened change in image,[75] Morrison was commended by welfare
and community groups for his accommodating approach and eagerness for
the portfolio.[76] Morrison encouraged working mothers and endorsed fixes
to the childcare system by making indexation changes to the Family Tax
Benefits payment.[77][78] In April 2015, he announced the introduction of
the "No Jab, No Pay" policy, which withholds family and childcare
benefits from parents who do not vaccinate their children.[79] His time as Morrison in 2014
minister was criticised by his opposition counterpart Jenny Macklin, who
said that "Scott Morrison was appointed to clean up Kevin Andrews' mess
but left behind more chaos, confusion and cuts."[80]

In March 2015, three hundred alumni of Sydney Boys High School signed a letter protesting Morrison's
attendance at an alumni fund-raising event. The protest letter expressed the opinion that the school should
not celebrate a person who has "so flagrantly disregarded human rights."[81]

During May 2015, Morrison promoted his plan for a $3.5 billion overhaul of the childcare subsidies
system. His substantial advertising efforts led to claims that he was overshadowing the role of Treasurer Joe
Hockey. Morrison insisted that he did not desire to take over the position of Treasurer despite his strong
performances.[82]
Turnbull government (2015–2018)

Morrison was appointed as Treasurer in the Turnbull government in September 2015, replacing Joe
Hockey.[83][84] In his first press conference as Treasurer, he indicated a reduction in government
expenditure and stated that the Mid-Year Economic and Fiscal Outlook (MYEFO) and White Paper on tax
reform would arrive on time.[85]

In May 2016, Morrison handed down the 2016 Australian federal budget. It included the introduction of a
40 percent diverted profits tax (popularly known as the "Google tax"), which is an anti-avoidance measure
designed to prevent base erosion and profit shifting. It was passed into law as the Diverted Profits Tax Act
2017 and took effect on 1 July 2017.[86] The new tax received criticism from some quarters, with the
Corporate Tax Association stating that it would have "unpredictable outcomes" and negatively affect
Australian business.[87][88]

In February 2017, Morrison addressed the House of Representatives while holding a lump of coal, stating
"This is coal. Don't be afraid. Don't be scared. It won't hurt you," and accusing those concerned about the
environmental impact of the coal industry of having "an ideological, pathological fear of coal."[89] He
handed down the 2017 Australian federal budget in May 2017.[90]

In December 2017, the government introduced the Royal Commission into Misconduct in the Banking,
Superannuation and Financial Services Industry (popularly known as the Banking Royal Commission).
Morrison originally opposed the creation of a royal commission, believing that a Senate inquiry would be
sufficient. He voted against a royal commission 23 times between April 2016 and June 2017, and in
September 2016 described it as "nothing more than crass populism seeking to undermine confidence in the
banking and financial system, which is key to jobs and growth in this country."[91] In announcing that the
royal commission would take place, Morrison described it as a "regrettable but necessary action."[92] In
response to the commission's findings, in April 2018 he announced the introduction of new criminal and
civil penalties for financial misconduct, including potential prison sentences of 10 years for individuals and
fines of up to $210 million for companies.[93]

Morrison handed down the 2018 Australian federal budget on 8 May.[94] He subsequently rejected calls to
increase the rate of the Newstart Allowance, saying "my priority is to give tax relief to people who are
working and paying taxes."[95]

Prime Minister of Australia (2018–2022)

Leadership election

Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull called a leadership spill on 21

August 2018 in order to gauge the confidence of the Liberal Party
in his leadership.[96] He defeated challenger Peter Dutton by 48
votes to 35.[97] Over the following days, there was repeated
speculation about a second spill being called, without Turnbull's
approval. Turnbull announced two days later that he would resign
the leadership if a spill motion were passed.[98] Dutton, Morrison
and Julie Bishop announced they would stand for the leadership if Morrison with Indonesian President
that were the case.[99] Joko Widodo on his first overseas
visit as prime minister
A spill motion was passed on 24 August by 45 votes to 40, and
Turnbull did not run as a candidate in the resulting leadership vote.
On the first ballot, Dutton received 38 votes, Morrison 36 votes,
and Bishop 11 votes. On the second ballot, Morrison received 45
votes and Dutton 40 votes. He thus became leader of the Liberal
Party and prime minister-designate. Josh Frydenberg was elected as
the party's deputy leader, in place of Bishop.[100][101] Morrison
was widely seen as a compromise candidate, who was agreeable to
both the moderate supporters of Turnbull and Bishop and Morrison with U.S. President Donald
conservatives concerned about Dutton's electability.[102] He was Trump at the G20 Summit in Buenos
sworn in as prime minister on the evening of 24 August.[103][104] Aires
Upon assumption of office, Morrison would become Australia's
fifth prime minister in eleven years, and the fourth prime minister in
that time to enter office through a leadership spill.[105] Several
months later, Morrison introduced new criteria for leadership spills,
requiring that a two-thirds majority vote from party members would
be required to trigger one, in an attempt to stop "coup
culture".[106][107]

Soon after Morrison was sworn in, Nationals backbencher Kevin

Hogan moved to the crossbench in protest of the wave of Liberal
spills.[108] Although Hogan continued to support the Coalition on Morrison with U.S. President Joe
confidence and supply and remained in the National party room, Biden at the UN General Assembly
his departure to the crossbench and Turnbull's retirement from in New York City
politics reduced the Coalition to a minority government of 74
seats.[109][110] The Morrison government remained in minority
after Turnbull's seat of Wentworth was lost to independent Kerryn
Phelps at a by-election.[111][112]

First term, 2018–2019

Morrison made his first overseas trip as prime minister less than a
week after acceding to the office. He visited the Indonesian capital
of Jakarta for the Australia–Indonesia Business Forum and met Morrison with East Timor's president
Francisco Guterres
with President Joko Widodo, announcing the Indonesia–Australia
Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement that had been
negotiated under the preceding Turnbull government.[113]

In October 2018, Morrison announced Australia was reviewing whether to move Australia's embassy in
Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, and recognising Jerusalem as the capital of Israel.[114] In December
2018, Morrison announced Australia has recognised West Jerusalem as the capital of Israel but will not
immediately move its embassy from Tel Aviv.[115]

In November 2018, Morrison privately raised the issue of Xinjiang re-education camps and human rights
abuses against the Uyghur Muslim minority in a meeting with Chinese Premier Li Keqiang in
Singapore.[116][117]

In March 2019, Morrison condemned the Christchurch mosque shootings as an "extremist, right-wing
violent terrorist attack." He also stated that Australians and New Zealanders were family and that the
Australian authorities would be cooperating with New Zealand authorities to assist with the
investigation.[118] Morrison condemned "reckless" and "highly offensive" comments made by Turkey's
President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.[119] Erdoğan repeatedly showed video taken by the Christchurch
mosque shooter to his supporters at campaign rallies for upcoming local elections and said Australians and
New Zealanders who came to Turkey with anti-Muslim sentiments "would be sent back in coffins like their
grandfathers were" during the Gallipoli Campaign of World War I.[120]

2019 federal election

Morrison led the Coalition into the 2019 election. At time of the writs being issued, the Coalition had been
behind the Labor Party in most opinion polls for previous term of parliament, leading to widespread
expectations that the Coalition would lose.[121] However, in a significant upset, the Coalition retained its
majority.[122] This was considered to have been caused by the unpopularity of opposition leader Bill
Shorten and Labor's failure to adapt to the re-framing of the election as a choice between Morrison and
Shorten.[123][124] Claiming victory on election night, Morrison stated that he had "always believed in
miracles".[125]

Second term, 2019–2022

Domestic affairs

Bushfires

In December 2019, Morrison faced criticism for taking an

unannounced overseas holiday with his family to Hawaii, United
States during the 2019–20 Australian bushfire season.[126][127][128] Morrison at 45th G7 summit in
Morrison's office initially declined to comment on the length of his Biarritz, France
trip and his whereabouts, citing security concerns, and made false
claims that Morrison was not in Hawaii.[126][129] After increasing
criticism from opposition politicians and on social media regarding the holiday, Morrison released a
statement on 20 December that stated he "deeply regret[ted] any offence caused" and that he would cut his
holiday short to return to Australia on 21 December.[126][130][131]

On 22 November 2021, Leader of the Opposition Anthony Albanese accused Morrison of falsely claiming
in Parliament that he had informed him that he was travelling to Hawaii.[132]

Response to parliamentary sexual misconduct allegations

The Morrison government was widely criticised for its handling of the 2021 Australian Parliament House
sexual misconduct allegations, with an Essential poll finding that 65% of respondents (including 76% of
Labor supporters, 51% of Coalition supporters and 88% of Greens supporters) saying the government was
more interested in protecting itself than women.[133] As well as the Labor and Greens parties, the
government faced criticism from within its own party. Former prime minister Malcolm Turnbull, who had
been made aware of the allegations against Christian Porter in 2019, criticised him for taking too long to
come forward.[134] Former prime minister John Howard defended Morrison's decision not to open an
independent inquiry into Porter's conduct.[135] Australian of the Year and sexual assault survivor advocate
Grace Tame also criticised Morrison in a speech to the National Press Club, saying she did not believe he
was creating an environment where victims were believed. She also said "It shouldn't take having children
to have a conscience" in response to Morrison's statement that he'd been prompted to reflect on the issue
and decide to listen to Tame after a discussion with his wife Jenny Morrison where she said to him "you
have to think about this as a father. What would you want to happen if it were our girls?"[136] Porter
resigned from his parliamentary position in September following concerns that he had accepted anonymous
donations via a blind trust to pay for his legal expenses.[137] The following month, Morrison and the
Coalition successfully voted against a motion to investigate Porter's blind trust, in turn preventing the
identities of the benefactors who donated to his legal costs from being revealed.[138] Speaker of the
Australian House of Representatives Tony Smith had determined there was a prima facie case and in voting
down the motion, the Morrison government became the first government since Federation to refuse a
referral from the Speaker in Australian parliamentary history.[139] This decision attracted significant
attention and criticism from the media.[140][141][142][143][144]

Afghan refugees

Morrison was also criticised for not accepting more Afghan refugees, who were fleeing the country after
the Taliban seized control of the country in August 2021.[145] He agreed to give humanitarian visas to
3,000 Afghan refugees, fewer than other countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom.[146]
Morrison later determined that more than 3,000 refugees may be accepted, as the original number was a
"floor not a ceiling".[147] He would later state that he would only resettle refugees who came in through
"official channels", and those who came to Australia via boat would not receive permanent
residency.[148][149]

Eastern Australia floods

Morrison was heavily condemned for his government's response to the 2022 Eastern Australia floods;
criticism was levelled against him for campaigning in Perth instead of being present in New South Wales,
causing a relief package for flood victims to be delayed, with many critics suggesting that Morrison was
prioritising marketing over the flood response.[150][151] That same month, Morrison was named Australia's
least trusted politician in a study by Roy Morgan Research.[152]

Foreign affairs

2019 Hong Kong protests

In August 2019, Morrison called on the Chief Executive of Hong

Kong to listen to protester demands, denying that the 2019–20
Hong Kong protests were showing signs of terrorism.[153]
At the 2019 Lowy Lecture, Scott
2019 Turkish offensive Morrison argued that the
"distinctiveness of independent
In October 2019, Morrison criticised the 2019 Turkish offensive nations is preserved within a
into north-eastern Syria. Morrison stated that he was concerned for framework of mutual respect".
the safety of the Kurds living in the region and also feared that the
offensive could result in a resurgence of ISIS.[154]

Sino–Australian relations

On 30 November 2020, a Chinese diplomat, Zhao Lijian, posted a digitally manipulated image of an
Australian soldier who appears to hold a bloodied knife against the throat of an Afghan child, on his
Twitter page.[155][156] The image is believed to be a reference to the Brereton Report, which had been
released earlier by the Australian government that month, and which details war crimes committed by the
Australian Defence Force during the War in Afghanistan between 2005 and 2016.[157] Later that day,
Morrison called a press conference, calling the image "offensive" and "truly repugnant",[158] and
demanding a formal apology from the Chinese government. China rejected the demands for an apology on
the following day,[159] with the artist of the image creating another artwork To Morrison in response to
Morrison's demand.[160] The incident had the effect of unifying Australian politicians in condemning China
across party lines while also drawing attention to the Brereton Report.[161] The incident was further seen as
a sign of deteriorating relations between Australia and China.[162]

Relations with New Zealand

As Prime Minister, Morrison has defended Australia's policy of

deporting non-citizens including New Zealanders who had violated
its character test or committed crimes. This policy was criticised by
his New Zealand counterpart Jacinda Ardern, who described it as
"corrosive" to Australia–New Zealand relations in February
2020.[163][164]
Morrison and Japanese Prime
In mid-February 2021, Morrison defended the Australian policy of Minister Fumio Kishida at the COP26
revoking Australian citizenship for dual nationals engaged in climate summit in Glasgow on 2
terrorism. The previous year, the Australian government had November 2021
revoked the citizenship of dual Australian–New Zealand citizen
Suhayra Aden, who had become an ISIS bride. New Zealand
Prime Minister Ardern had criticised the decision, accusing Australia of abandoning its citizens.[165][166]
Following a phone conversation, the two leaders agreed to work together in the "spirit of the Australian-
New Zealand relationship" to address what Ardern described as "quite a complex legal situation."[167]

In late May 2021, Morrison made his first state visit to New Zealand since the COVID-19 lockdown,
meeting New Zealand Prime Minister Ardern in Queenstown. The two heads of governments issued a joint
statement affirming bilateral cooperation on the issues of COVID-19, bilateral relations, and security issues
in the Indo-Pacific. Morrison and Ardern also raised concerns about the South China Sea dispute and
human rights in Hong Kong and Xinjiang.[168][169][170] In response to the joint statement, Chinese Foreign
Ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin criticised the Australian and New Zealand governments for
interfering in Chinese domestic affairs.[171][170] During the visit, Morrison defended Australia's decision to
revoke ISIS bride Suhayra Aden's citizenship but indicated that the Australian Government would consider
allowing her children to settle in Australia.[172][173]

2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine

In February 2022, Morrison condemned Russian President Vladimir Putin for launching the 2022 Russian
invasion of Ukraine and imposed sanctions on travel bans on individuals perceived to be supporting the
invasion.[174] Morrison said Australia would begin sending lethal aid to the Ukrainian government.[175]
The Australian government moved to join with the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States in
personally sanctioning Putin and Sergey Lavrov, the foreign minister.[176]

AUKUS

In September 2021, Morrison, British premier Boris Johnson and US President Joe Biden announced
AUKUS, a security pact between Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States seen as an initiative
to counter the perceived dominance of China in the Pacific.[177][178] This superseded a proposed
submarine pact between Australia and France that had been in discussions at the same time; the
announcement of AUKUS attracted backlash from French officials and damaged Australia–France
relations. Chinese officials also criticised the agreement.[179][180] French President Emmanuel Macron
reportedly remarked privately to Morrison that the dissolution of the agreement had "broke the relationship
of trust" between the two countries,[181][182] and publicly accused him of lying during the 2021 United
Nations Climate Change Conference, which was seen as damaging to Morrison's public
image.[183][184][185]

COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic in Australia prompted Morrison to

establish the National Cabinet on 13 March 2020. This body is
composed of the prime minister and the premiers and chief
ministers of the states and territories to coordinate the national
response to the pandemic.[186] On 29 May 2020, the Prime
Minister announced that the National Cabinet would replace the
Council of Australian Governments (COAG) and meetings after Morrison at a National Cabinet
the pandemic would be held monthly, instead of the biannual meeting
meetings of COAG.[187]

On 5 May, Morrison, New Zealand prime minister

Jacinda Ardern and Australian state and territorial "The world over - we have all faced the health
leaders agreed to work together to develop a and economic crises generated by the COVID-19
Trans-Tasman travel zone that would allow pandemic. 2020 is a year none of us want to
residents from both countries to travel freely repeat. In Australia, we have used our strong
between them without restrictions.[189][190] balance sheet - built up over many years of
Morrison supported an international inquiry into discipline, to support and provide our health
the origins of the global COVID-19 pandemic and system with the additional resources, record
opined that the coronavirus most likely originated levels, it has needed - and to provide major,
in a wildlife wet market in Wuhan.[191] unprecedented economic supports for households
and businesses - providing much needed strength
On 2 March 2022 Morrison announced he had and resilience to the economy to both cushion the
contracted COVID and was suffering from flu- blow and to recover...... As the world's only
like symptoms.[192] nation continent, we always have to be outward
looking. You don't get rich by selling stuff to
yourself. Singaporeans certainly understand that."
Vaccine rollout

In August 2020, Morrison announced that Morrison speaking about the impacts of the
Australians would be "among the first in the COVID-19 pandemic on Australia at the
world to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, if it proves Singapore FinTech Festival, December 2020[188]
successful, through an agreement between the
Australian government and UK-based drug
company AstraZeneca".[193] In November 2020,
he said the government's COVID-19 strategy would put "Australia at the front of the queue for a safe and
effective vaccine".[194]

During a press conference on 7 January 2021, Morrison announced that Australia's vaccination program
would begin in February of that year, also stating that the government planned to vaccinate four million
people by the end of March.[195] However, this figure was not met, as only 600,000 doses were
administered by 31 March, 3.4 million less than the target.[196]
Both the original goal for vaccine doses and vaccine priority cohorts were revised several times. By 30
June 2021 the number of doses given (7.6 million) was 4.7 million less than the goal for the end of
June.[197][198]

The slow vaccine rollout prompted traditionally conservative newspaper The Australian to editorialise that
"the federal government is losing credibility with its management of the vaccine rollout and its repeated
claims that everything is on track".[199] Former ALP staffer Tim Soutphommasane and progressive activist
Marc Stears criticised the government's management of the vaccine rollout in June 2021, saying it will
likely be "taught as a case study of public policy failure".[200] During a press conference in July, Morrison
issued an apology for the slow vaccine rollout.[201][202] In August, Morrison declared that the
government's problems with the rollout had been "overcome", despite several states having a shortage of
vaccines.[203] To describe Australia's prolonged vaccination rollout, trade unionist Sally McManus coined
the term "strollout", with the phrase being named as the country's word of the year by Macquarie
Dictionary.[204][205]

Internal criticism

Morrison was subject to internal criticism from colleagues and former colleagues in 2021 and 2022.

In November 2021, Morrison's handling of a proposed submarine pact with France led his predecessor
Malcolm Turnbull to comment on Morrison's credibility. ABC News quoted Turnbull as saying, "
[Morrison] can twist and turn and leak a text message here and leak a document there to his stenographic
friends in the media, but ultimately the failure here was one of not being honest."[206]

In January and February 2022, texts from his Coalition colleagues were leaked. In January 2022, texts from
a senior cabinet minister in the Morrison government, sent to former New South Wales premier Gladys
Berejiklian were revealed, where the minister labelled Morrison as a "horrible, horrible person" and a
"complete psycho".[207]
This was soon followed by leaked texts sent from deputy prime minister Barnaby
Joyce, who in March 2021 accused Morrison of being "a hypocrite and a liar" in text messages.[208] Joyce
apologised and offered his resignation to Morrison, but it was declined.[209]

In March and April 2022, New South Wales state Liberal MP Catherine Cusack accused Morrison of being
a "self-serving bully", and using the Eastern Australia floods as a political tactic.[210][211] In April 2022,
sitting Liberal Senator Concetta Fierravanti-Wells condemned Morrison as being "unfit for office", as well
as an "autocrat", and a "bully" with "no moral compass". She also suggested Morrison had used his
religion as a "marketing advantage".[212]

2022 federal election

Morrison sought a second full term at the 2022 Australian federal election. His primary opposition was the
Labor Party, led by Anthony Albanese. The Coalition suffered heavy losses, and it soon became apparent
that there was no realistic scenario for Morrison to stay in office. Hours after the polls closed, he conceded
defeat to Albanese.[213] The Coalition's loss was attributed to Morrison's unpopularity with voters, the
popularity of centrist "teal independents" in certain inner-city electorates, and a large swing toward Labor
in Western Australia.[214][215] After conceding defeat, Morrison announced that he would step down as
leader of the Liberal Party.[216] Soon afterward, he advised the Governor-General, David Hurley, that he
was no longer in a position to govern.
Normal practice in Australia calls for a defeated Prime Minister to stay in office as a caretaker until the final
results are known. However, the timetable was altered due to the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue due to
begin on 24 May, two days after the election. On 23 May, after securing enough confidence and supply
support from the crossbench to govern in the event Labor fell short of a majority, Albanese advised Hurley
that he could form a government, clearing the way for Morrison to transfer power to Albanese later that
day.[217][218][219][220]

Political views
Morrison's political views are considered as conservative,[221][222][223] and he is aligned with the centre-
right faction of the Liberal Party, which he leads.[224][225]

Social policies

Morrison has declared himself a proud supporter of the Australian

constitutional monarchy.[226][227] In January 2021, he commented
that he opposes changing the date of Australia Day from 26
January, which attracted criticism.[228][229]

Morrison strongly opposes voluntary euthanasia and assisted

suicide, and has stated that he "believes in the sanctity of human
life".[230]
Morrison with Queen Elizabeth II,
Head of the Commonwealth, and
Morrison's views on immigration have been the subject of media
other world leaders in Portsmouth,
attention,[231] with The Straits Times describing his stance as
2019
"hardline" and "uncompromising".[232] As Minister for
Immigration and Border Protection, he was responsible for
implementing Operation Sovereign Borders, which requires all asylum seekers arriving in Australia via
boat to be refused entry and escorted back to the county they came from.[233][234][235] In May 2021, the
Morrison government passed laws which would allow refugees to be detained for life in Australia's
immigration detention facilities, despite indefinite detention being illegal under international law.[236]

Morrison was an opponent of legalising same-sex marriage in Australia.[237] After the Australian Marriage
Law Postal Survey, he proposed an amendment to the Marriage Amendment (Definition and Religious
Freedoms) Bill 2017 allowing parents to remove children from classes if "non-traditional" marriage is
discussed.[238] All amendments failed,[239] and Morrison abstained from voting on the final bill.[240]
Morrison's electorate of Cook had a participation rate of 82.22%, and 55.04% of those had responded
"Yes."[241] By November 2017, Morrison considered the topic to be a "done deal" and a "finished
debate",[242] and same-sex marriage would ultimately come into law on 9 December of that year.[243]

Morrison has indicated support for excluding transgender women from playing "single-sex
sports".[244][245]

Environmental policies

Morrison's policies and views on climate change have been a This is coal. Don't be afraid. Don't be
subject of interest.[129][247][248] Morrison, along with the scared. It won't hurt you.
rest of the Coalition, voted to abolish Australia's carbon
pricing scheme in July 2014.[249] Morrison also famously
presented a lump of coal to Parliament during question time It's coal. It was dug up by men and
in February 2017.[250][251] During his term as prime women who work and live in the
minister, the 2020 Climate Change Performance Index electorates of those who sit opposite—
ranked Australia in last place for its climate policies[129] and from the Hunter Valley, as the member
was the only country to score 0 for the same metric in for Hunter would know. It's coal that's
2021.[252] During the 2019–20 Australian bushfire season, ensured for over 100 years that
Morrison dismissed suggestions of a link between Australia's Australia has enjoyed an energy-
emissions or policies and the intensity of the bushfires and competitive advantage that has
initially downplayed the influence of climate change on the delivered prosperity to Australian
fires,[253] but later admitted that climate change may have businesses and has ensured that
contributed.[129] Protests over his government's climate Australian industry has been able to
policies took place across Australia amidst the fire remain competitive in a global market.
season.[254]
Those opposite have an ideological,
Following his attendance of the 2021 Leaders' Climate pathological fear of coal. There's no
Summit, Morrison declined to set net-zero emissions or other word for 'coalophobia' officially, but
climate change targets, unlike other world leaders.[255][247] that's the malady that afflicts those
Morrison allegedly requested climate change policy targets opposite. It's that malady that's
be removed from a proposed 2021 Australia–United affecting the jobs in the towns and the
industries and, indeed, in this country
Kingdom trade deal[256] and initially suggested he would not
because of the pathological, ideological
attend the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference,
opposition to coal being an important
but later confirmed that he would.[257][258] Following the
part of our sustainable and more certain
conference, Morrison's government pledged that Australia
energy future.
would aim to achieve net zero emissions by 2050, but did not
introduce this into national law; Morrison said he believed
market forces and not government regulation can address —Scott Morrison, (House of
climate change.[252] Representatives, 9 February
2017)[246]
His government's climate action plan has been criticised by
journalist Phil Coorey as "lightweight",[259] and by a
Climate Council spokesman as "meaningless without strong
action this decade".[260]

Personal life
Morrison is a fan of rugby union and supported the Eastern Suburbs RUFC during his childhood. After
moving to the Sutherland Shire, he became a fan of the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks rugby league team and
was named the club's number-one ticket holder in 2016.[24][261]

Marriage and children

Morrison began dating Jenny Warren when they were both 16.[262] They married in 1990,[263][264][265]
when Morrison was 21 and Warren was 22, and have two daughters together. After multiple unsuccessful
IVF treatments over a period of 14 years, their daughters were conceived naturally.[262] Their daughters
attend an independent Baptist school. Morrison has stated that one of the reasons for this choice was so that
he could avoid "the values of others being imposed on my children."[266]

Religious beliefs
Morrison was raised in the Presbyterian Church of Australia,[267]
which partly merged into the Uniting Church when he was a child.
He later became a Pentecostal and now attends the Horizon
Church[268] which is affiliated with the Australian Christian
Churches, the Australian branch of the Assemblies of God.[20]
Morrison is Australia's first Pentecostal prime minister.[269] As a
Pentecostal and evangelical church, Horizon is not a mainstream
church in Australia. Some members believe in divine healing, and
practise "speaking in tongues", which is seen as a miraculous gift
from God.[270]

While the Australian Christian Lobby welcomed the appointment

of a prime minister with such a deep faith, some Australians have
been suspicious of its effect on his rulings. As Treasurer of
Australia during the vote for legislation on same-sex marriage in
2017, Morrison abstained from voting due to his faith.[270] He has
said, "the Bible is not a policy handbook, and I get very worried
Scott and Jenny Morrison in March
when people try to treat it like one".[20] In late 2017, Morrison
2019
stated that he would become a stronger advocate for protections for
religious freedom.[271]

He thinks misuse of social media is the work of "the evil one" and practises the Christian tradition of the
"laying on of hands" while working. He said in a speech to the Australian Christian Churches conference
in April 2021 that he believes he was elected to do God's work,[272] although he later said that his
comments were mischaracterised and that they were meant to reflect his belief that "whatever you do every
day... is part of your Christian service".[273]

Honours

Foreign honours
 United States:
Chief Commander of the Legion of Merit by the President of the United States,
Donald J. Trump. (22 December 2020) [274]

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Further reading
Gauja, Anika; Sawer, Marian; Simms, Marian, eds. (2020). Morrison's Miracle: The 2019
Australian Federal Election ([Link]
pdf) (PDF). ANU Press. ISBN 9781760463625. Archived ([Link]
712184636/[Link] (PDF) from
the original on 12 July 2020. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
Kelly, Sean (2021). The Game: A Portrait of Scott Morrison ([Link]
s?id=S7koEAAAQBAJ). Melbourne: Black Inc. ISBN 9781760643119.
Patrick, Aaron (2019). The Surprise Party: How the Coalition Went from Chaos to Comeback
([Link] Melbourne: Black Inc.
ISBN 9781760642174. Archived ([Link]
[Link]/books?id=QVi9DwAAQBAJ) from the original on 16 February 2022. Retrieved
31 December 2021.
Onselen, Peter van; Errington, Wayne (2021). How Good is Scott Morrison? ([Link]
[Link]/books?id=DdwGzgEACAAJ). Sydney: Hachette Australia. ISBN 9780733645747.
 Smethurst, Annika (2021). The Accidental Prime Minister ([Link]
d=BHcnEAAAQBAJ). Sydney: Hachette Australia. ISBN 9780733646942.

External links
Official website ([Link]
Scott Morrison ([Link] on Twitter

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