St.

Louis College of Bulanao

Purok 6, Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga 3800

TITLE/TOPIC
TECHNICAL ENGLISH
I
LESSON 1
INTRODUCTION TO POLICE REPORT WRITING
I. INTRODUCTION

Writing is one of the most indispensable skills that a learner should develop to be able to express his or
her ideas effectively. It is a Skill that every student should master for efficient expression of ideas
Similarly, this skill is needed in all types of professions and jobs especially because communication is a
vital component of any endeavour.

Proficiency in writing is required not only of civilians but also of uniformed personnel such as police
officers who are considered the premier law enforcers in the country. They write police reports during
their day-to-day activity. it is imperative then that they master writing to come up with an effective
police report considered the life blood of police work.

Police report writing is a regular part of an officer's job. Complete, factual, accurate, and detailed
reports can speed up an investigation while incomplete opinionated, inaccurate, distorted, or
misleading reports can impede it or even get it dismissed in the court on the basis of a technicality,
regardless of the facts. Police reports can make the difference between conviction and acquittal. Just
like any other skill in police work, writing effective police reports is a skill that must be learned and
practiced.

During the Test Construction and Development Seminar held at the Institute Training Group. Police
National Training Institute, Camp Gen. Vicente P. Lim, Calamba City on November 7, 2013, the Vice
President for Academics, PSUPT AMADOR B. NAVARROZA (Ret), MAED of the Philippine Public Safety
College revealed that police report writing in the PNP is problematic. Police officers write
ungrammatical, incorrect, incomplete, inaccurate, and distorted police reports. To be able to address
this concern in the PNP and other public safety agencies and to become instrumental in improving the
writing proficiency of police officers and public safety officers in the country, a study was conducted by
the author in March 2015 at the Institute Training Group entitled "Process Writing and Writing
Performance of Police Trainees in a Large Class Setting" Hence, this Police Report Writing (A Handbook
for Police Officers, Trainees, and Public Safety Students) was conceptualized based on the results of the
said study.

Since not all police officers and trainees who are accepted in the PNP are criminology graduates and
because even criminology graduates lack writing proficiency it is imperative that they are provided
training on how to write effective police reports. Language professors of the Philippine Public Safety
College (PPSC) including higher education institutions (HEls) should take this as a challenge. However,
for them to be successful in helping police officers and trainees become effective police report writers,
these language teachers should cho0se an effective writing strategy that will cover the major steps in
writing and provide learners with ample opportunities to write the various types of police reports. It is
also important to enrich their writing repertoire by providing them comprehensive lectures on what
police report writing is, its different types, elements, characteristics, and uses, among others and
provide them with different types of actual police report writing activities to harness their writing skills
to the fullest
 II. LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

 Discuss the importance of police report writing
 Explain the different types of police report

III. COURSE
CONTEN LESSON 1.1
T DEFINITION OF POLICE REPORT WRITING
According to the Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary (as cited by Gammage, 1961), a report is
an account of some subject specially investigated or an official statement of Facts. A police report is a
chronological or step-by-step account of an incident that transpired in a given time (Soriano, 2005).

Police reports may be written or oral; detailed or brief, simple or complex. They may be prepared by
anyone in the department from the chief to the patrolman on the beat. in any event, police reporting
has become one of the most significant processes in modern police operations. Reports result from
the fact that someone has asked for them and needs them for immediate or future use. They are
made to be read and used(Gammage, 1961).

Among the several methods of writing, narrative report writing is effective in writing police reports
where it presents the facts what actually occurred. The chronology of actions is properly arranged
according to the order of events. The report writer should follow the standard format prescribed by the
PNP.

Police officers, trainees, and students should be exposed to the different types of police report writing
to become abreast with the required competencies and standards of the PNP. Aside from the usual
police reports which they usually write, police officers, trainees, and students should also learn other
challenging forms of police report writing which will allow them to analyze places of evidence and
validate authenticity of information in order to prosecute offenders. One type of writing which allows
the police officers, trainees, and students to use higher-order thinking skills to transmit information is
police report writing

LESSON 1.2
PURPOSES OF POLICE REPORT WRITING
Just like other written public documents, police reports should be written efficiently because it has
the following purposes (PNP Standard Operating Procedure No. 2012-01):

1. To serve as the official document and permanent record of incidents in the community

2. To compile statistical information and identify problems in the community

3 To facilitate investigations, prepare and defend court cases including prosecution of offenders; and

4. To ldentify training needs of the members of the Philippine National Police.

LESSON 1.3
IMPORTANT USES OF POLICE REPORT WRITING

Just ike other forms of writing. police report writing has the following important Uses (Soriano, 2005):

1. Serve as records for police administrators in planning, directing. and organizing the unit's duties
and functions;

2. Use as legal documents in the prosecution of offenders;

3. Use as basis by law enforcement agencies and other government and private organizations.

4. Provide information to the media which need access to public documents

5. Be a basis for research; and

6. Reflect the competence and personality of the police writer regarding his written work.

LESSON 1.4
CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EFFECTIVE POLICE REPORT WRITING

1. Accurate and Specific-Police reports should be accurate and specific. Accurate means not only being
exact, but also non-commission oft errors. Words presented must be precise and correct. The report
must be tree from mistakes Or errors.

Akin to accuracy is specificity. The use of specific words in conveying ideas most clearly to the readers is
very important.

In order to achieve accuracy and specificity, all forms of correspondences and reports should be
thoroughly edited in spelling, punctuation , standard format, sentence structure, mechanics, and
grammar, and among others.

2. Brief and Concise- Police reports should be brief and concise. This means that reports should be
short or economy of words. Use necessary words only as you retain the natural tone of your sentences.
Superiors are always busy and they do not have the luxury of time reading wordy and long reports.
Conversely, being brief and concise does not mean deleting important words to make your report
short, but write forcefully when using three or more words where only one word is sufficient Good
writers impress their readers with ideas, not words. In order to make your reports brief and concise,
avoid the use of redundant or superfluity, jargons, triteness, and misleading euphemisms, among
others (See Module 2 for reference).

3. Clear and Complete- Police reports should be clear and complete. This means that the report is free
from Conclusion and ambiguity, and is easily understood. The report should include all necessary
information such as the 5Ws and 1H (Who, what, when, where, Why, and how) report including
attachments, enclosures and results of medico-legal and other examinations released by the PNP Crime
Laboratory and other PNP recognize hospitals and organizations.

Moreover, this also means that the idea in the mind of the sender should correspond to the idea
formed in the mind of the message receiver. any incongruence in the interpretation of the message
between the sender and the receiver results to miscommunication.

In order to achieve clarity and completeness, use simple words to assure understanding. Avoid also the
use of general words, abstract words, weak phrases, gender-biased words, unwittingly language
transference, colloquialism, and slang. among others. Finally, provide the necessary information and
pertinent documents required to support the facts.

4. Factual and Objective

Police reports should be factual and objective. The report contains only facts, not hearsays. A fact is a
thing that has actually happened or that is really true. Being objective is not injecting his/her own bias
or prejudice into the report. The police writer should be fair and impartial in conducting Investigation
and gathering facts and pieces of evidence. To do this, the police writer may properly quote statements
from sources without adding prejudices and conclusions.

In order to be factual and objective, focus on the facts. Avoid getting opinions and personal judgments
in order not to be partial and subjective.

5. Well-organized and Grammatically Correct

Police reports should be well-organized and grammatically correct. Chronological order is usually used in
organizing and writing the facts in police
Reports. It is also important to follow the standard format and required specifications prescribed by
the PNP Such as official font style which is Arial and font size is 12 including quality paper, proper and
clean printing, format, spacing margin, and indention, among others.

Police reports, on the other hand, should also be grammatically correct. Aside from the fact that the
report is written using the proper form and arrangement of words and sentence structures, It should
also be edited before submitting to the higher authorities. Avoid also the use of full uppercase or full
lowercase all throughout the document especially IT t is not necessary to do so.

In order to achieve that, follow proper rules in police report writing including standard format
specifications. Before you submit your report, you let someone check the grammar, sentence
structures, spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and content of the report, among others.

LESSON 1.5
TYPES OF POLICE REPORT

This provides the most common types of Polico Reports used in the PNP.

Police Blotter
Police Blotter refers to a logbook that contains the daily registry of all crime incident reports, official
summaries of arrest, and other signicant ovents reported in a police station (PNP Police Operational
Procedures 2013).

Spot Report
Spot Report refers to the initial report written by a police officer after an important incident and
submitted immediately to higher authorities for further investigation and appropriate action.
Progress Report
Progress Report refers to a folloW-up report submitted by a police officer after conducting further
investigation of a paricular incident Progress report can simply be an accomplishment report which may
be analytical and may be comparatively longer than a spot report.

Final Report
Final Repot refers to an accomplishment report written by a police officer after the investigation is
completed and the case has been filed against the suspect/s. In some cases, progress report can also be
the final report especially if the investigation has been terminated at that level.

After Operation Report

After Operation Report refers to a report that may be rendered after any successful police operation
that leads to the arrest of any member or some members of syndicated crime group (PNP DIDM
Criminal Investigation Manual 2011).

Investigation Report
Investigation Report refers to a report such as in criminal investigations. The arrangement of the parts
follows a specitic pattern to be easily found and read.

The format is similar to a memorandum format except the text or body should have the following parts:
AUTHORITY, MATTERS INVESTIGATED, FACTS OF THE CASE, DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS, and
RECOMMENDATIONS. The parts are capitalized followed by a colon (). Paragraphs are numbered
consecutively using Arabic numbers such as 1, 2, 3, and 4, among others.

The investigator signs the report. On top of the letterhead and on the lower fold of the paper, the word
CONFIDENTIAL is typed or stamped (Soriano, 2005).
 Situational Report
Situational Report (SITREP) refers to a report which is done on a need basis. it contains the actual
situation on a particular incident or incidents which are on public interest This is primarily addressed to
the commander or chief for him to know the actual situation before the media and the public is
informed.

A SITREP may be done every hour, every 6 hours, or every 8 hours depending on the situation. During
peaceful and ordinary days, a SiTREP is not necessary.
Beat Inspection Report
Beat Inspection Report refers to a report that is submitted daily by any duty officer after his/her routine
check on foot.
After Patrol Report
After Patrol Report refers to a report which is submitted by assigned sector using official vehicles and is
signed by the team leader.

A.ASSESSMENT
ESSAY: Read each question very carefully. Answer legibly, clearly and concisely. Write
your answer on a yellow pad paper. (30 POINTS) Do not write anything at the back of
your answer sheet. You may use another sheet of paper until completed. Submit it
personally to the CJJE OFFICE/FACULTY on FEB.5, 2022. or contact me in my
messenger account @ [email protected] if you have a question. Good
luck!
1. As a future police officer or public safety officer, in not less than 150 words discuss the
importance of report writing in your career and create a title for your essay?
2. Pass an example of at least 5 types of police report from the internet or from the police station
in your area?

B. REFERENCES
 PALIGAT ERIC P. “Police Report Writing (a hand book for Police officers, Trainees, and
Public Safety Students)” FPR Publishing, 2015

St. Louis College of Bulanao

 Purok 6, Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga 3800

This module is a requirement of the St. Louis College of Bulanao in response to the
implementation of the Blended Learning way of Instruction.

This Learning Material is a property of the College of Criminal Justice Education – St.
Louis College of Bulanao, Tabuk City. It aims to improve students’ performance specifically in
the Criminology Education.

Date of Development : January, 2022

Resource Location : Bulanao, Tabuk City
Learning Area : CDI 13 (TECHNICAL ENGLISH 1)
Learning Resource Type : Module1

General Instruction/s:

The module introduces what Police Report, purposes of police report writing, important uses of
police report writing, and characteristics of effective police report writing. Series of activities
will encourage you to explore and learn about the topic. Through this module, the following
instruction/s should be followed.

1. This module is exclusively for SLCB students only.

2. Reproduction and use of this module for any purpose is strictly prohibited, unless with
the written permission from SLCB.
3. You may use this module for any acceptable purposes.

St. Louis College of Bulanao

Purok 6, Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga 3800
 TITLE/TOPIC
TECHNICAL
ENGLISH I
LESSON II
GRAMMAR AND
MECHANICS

I. INTRODUCTION

Writing is one of the most indispensable skills that a learner should develop to be able to express his
or her ideas effectively. It is a Skill that every student should master for efficient expression of ideas
similarly, this skill is needed in all types of professions and jobs especially because communication is a
vital component of any endeavour.

Proficiency in writing is required not only of civilians but also of uniformed personnel such as police
officers who are considered the premier law enforcers in the country. They write police reports
during their day-to-day activity. it is imperative then that they master writing to come up with an
effective police report considered the life blood of police work.

Police report writing is a regular part of an officer's job. Complete, factual, accurate, and detailed
reports can speed up an investigation while incomplete opinionated, inaccurate, distorted, or
misleading reports can impede it or even get it dismissed in the court on the basis of a technicality,
regardless of the facts. Police reports can make the difference between conviction and acquittal. Just
like any other skill in police work, writing effective police reports is a skill that must be learned and
practiced.

During the Test Construction and Development Seminar held at the Institute Training Group. Police
National Training Institute, Camp Gen. Vicente P. Lim, Calamba City on November 7, 2013, the Vice
President for Academics, PSUPT AMADOR B. NAVARROZA (Ret), MAED of the Philippine Public Safety
College revealed that police report writing in the PNP is problematic. Police officers write
ungrammatical, incorrect, incomplete, inaccurate, and distorted police reports. To be able to address
this concern in the PNP and other public safety agencies and to become instrumental in improving the
writing proficiency of police officers and public safety officers in the country, a study was conducted by
the author in March 2015 at the Institute Training Group entitled "Process Writing and Writing
Performance of Police Trainees in a Large Class Setting" Hence, this Police Report Writing (A Handbook
for Police Officers, Trainees, and Public Safety Students) was conceptualized based on the results of
the said study.

Since not all police officers and trainees who are accepted in the PNP are criminology graduates and
because even criminology graduates lack writing proficiency it is imperative that they are provided
training on how to write effective police reports. Language professors of the Philippine Public Safety
College (PPSC) including higher education institutions (HEls) should take this as a challenge.
However, for them to be successful in helping police officers and trainees become effective police
report writers, these language teachers should cho0se an effective writing strategy that will cover
the major steps in writing and provide learners with ample opportunities to write the various types
of police reports. It is also important to enrich their writing repertoire by providing them
comprehensive lectures on what police report writing is, its different types, elements, characteristics,
and uses, among others and provide them with different types of actual police report writing
activities to harness their writing skills to the fullest
 II. LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

 Explain what is the differents of Jargon’s and Layman’s term.
 Explain the importance of spelling
 Discuss what is Irregular Verb
 Identify and use Simple past and Past Participle

III. COU
RSE LESSON 1.1
CONTE STANDARD
NT ENGLISH
Standard English is the most widely accepted form of the English language. it is generally used
in media, business and professional correspondence, private and government agencies including
academic institutions. It is usually described by its conventions in the language and rules on grammar
and mechanics such as agreement antecedent, number, correct usage, spelling. punctuation, and
sentence structures, among others.

Police report writing is just like other forms of communication which Is the transmission of
information and understanding from one person or group to another. Therefore, it is not exempted
from the requirement of effectiveness which Is anchored on common understanding. Common
understanding is when both the sender and the receiver involved in the communication have a mutual
agreement not only as to the message, but also to the meaning of the message. As a result, there is a
need to use Standard English in all police correspondence.

The examples below provide variety of examples of standard and non-standard language being used at
the different police stations. In order to avoid the use of nonstandard language, the standard version is
provided.

NON STANDARD STANDARD

a n/o of A native of
15y/o 15 years old
a res. of A resident of
a res. at # 65 A resident at no. 65
OOA On or about
ICOW In connection with
KIA Killed in action
MIA Missing in action
DOA Dead on arrival
NLT Not later than
MM Metro manila/ metropolitan manila
Can’t Cannot
Isn’t Is not
Ain’t Am not
It’s It is
There’s There is
In may 24, 2015 On, may 24,2015
In May 24 On may 24
On 2013 In 2013
In Monday On Monday
On November In November
On November 2014 In November 2014
 WORDY BRIEF AND CONCISE
18 years of age 18 years old
2:00 PM to 5:00 PM 2:00 to 5:00 PM
In the morning AM/A.M.
In the afternoon PM/P.M.
In the evening PM/P.M.
A native of Quezon City and resident of Brgy. A native and resident of Brgy, Holy Spirit, Quezon
Holy Spirit, Quezon City City
In my political point of view Politically Speakin….,/Politically,….

INCORRECT CORRECT

18- years old 18-year old

One of the police officer One of the police officers
One of the police officers are One of the police officers is
One of the police officer were One of the police officer was
One of the police officer who is One of the police officers who are
One of the police officer who One of the police officers who are
was To follow
To follows To follow
To followed To be followed
To be follow Will follow
Will follows Will be followed
Will be follow To receive
To receive To receive
To received A full-pledged police officer
A full-pledged police officer
PNP PS9 Blotter entry no. 1959 Page no. 942 PNP PS9 Blotter Entry No. 1959, Page No. 942,
volume II series of 2013 Volume II, Series of 2013
Along Aurora Blvd in front of St. Mount School Along Aurora Blvd. in front of St. Mount School,
Brgy. Lipa Heights Quezon city Brgy, Lipa Heights, Quezon City

JARGON LAYMAN’S TERM

Network security key Password
Regrettable eventually of failure of the War
deterrence policy
Masterpieces of complexities Government pronouncments
Policy of disinformation Lying to the public
Conflicts and collateral damage Wars and civilian casualties
 LESSON
1.2
SPELLING
Spelling Is a very important part of police report writing. Below are commonly Misspelled words. study
them so that you can write these words correctly in your Police reports.

COMMONLY MISSPELLED WORDS (PART 1)

Absence Address Argument
Accommodate Advertise Athlete
Achieve Advice Awful
Acquire Among Balance
Across apparent basically

becoming breathe category

before brilliant chief
beginning business ceiling
believe calendar cemetery
benefit careful certain
citizen decide deposit
coming develop describe
competition definite disappear
convenience difference disappoint
criticize dilemma discipline

discipline eight excellent

does either equipped
during embarrass exaggerate
desperate environment finally
easily existence foreign
experience forty government
experiment forward grammar
explanation friend guarantee
familiar fundamental
fascinating generally

16. accomodation > accommodation 20. bizzare > bizarre

17. adress > address 21. concious > conscious
18. accomodate > accommodate 22. advertisment > advertisement
19. wether > whether / weather 23. succint > succinct
20. rehersal > rehearsal 24. rythm > rhythm
21. commited > committed 25. wich > which / witch
22. persue > pursue 26. wheather > whether / weather
23. occurence > occurrence 27. percieve > perceive
24. lenght > length 28. occure > occur
25. strenght > strength 29. enterpreneur > entrepreneur
26. seperate > separate 30. aquire > acquire
27. appaling > appalling 31. convinient > convenient
28. tought > taught / thought 32. devide > divide
29. throught > through 33. agressive > aggressive
30. commision > commission 34. enviroment > environment
31. comission > commission 35. supress > suppress
32. recieve > receive 36. embarassed > embarrassed
33. collegue > colleague 37. miniscule > minuscule
34. desease > disease 38. occured > occurred
35. compell > compel 39. strech > stretch
A. embarrased > embarrassed
B. responsability > responsibility
C. assesment > assessment
D. akward > awkward
E. endevour > endeavour
F. belive > believe
G. wierd > weird
H. achive > achieve
I. greatful > grateful
J. biogrophay > biography

LESSON 1.3

RULES OF
SPELLING
The Oxford English corpus, is an electronic collections of over 2 billion words of real English,
provides the different rules pertaining to spelling which is very vital component in order to write effective
police report.

CORRECT SPELLING SPELLING ADVICE MISSPELLING

absence -s-, -nce absense, abscence

accommodate, accommodation -cc-, -mm- accomodate, accomodation

achieve i before e acheive

across one c accross

aggressive -gg- agressive

apparently -ent- apparantly

appearance -ance appearence

argument no e after u arguement

assassination -ss-, -ss- assasination

basically -ally basicly

beginning -nn- begining

believe i before e beleive, belive

business busi- buisness

calendar -ar calender

Caribbean -r-, -bb- Carribean

CORRECT SPELLING SPELLING ADVICE MISSPELLING

category e in middle catagory

cemetery -ery cemetary

colleague -ea- collegue

coming one m comming

committee -mm-, -tt-, -ee- commitee

completely -ely completly

conscience -sc- concience

conscious -sc- concious

copyright -right copywrite

curiosity -os- curiousity

definitely -ite- not -ate- definately

disappear -s-, -pp- dissapear

disappoint -s-, -pp- dissapoint

ecstasy -sy ecstacy

embarrass -rr-, -ss embarass

environment -nm- enviroment

existence -ence existance

familiar -iar familar

finally -ll- finaly

fluorescent fluor- florescent

foreign e before i foriegn

forty for- fourty

forward for- foward

friend i before e freind

CORRECT SPELLING SPELLING ADVICE MISSPELLING

further fur- futher

glamorous -mor- glamourous

government -nm- goverment

grammar -ar grammer

gauge -au- guage

grateful grat- greatful

guard gua- gaurd

happened -ened happend

harass, harassment -r-, -ss harrass, harrassment

honorary -nor- honourary

humorous -mor- humourous

immediately -ely immediatly

incidentally -ally incidently

independent -ent independant

interrupt -rr- interupt

irresistible -ible irresistable

knowledge -edge knowlege

lightning no e lightening

medicine medi- like medical medecine

millennium, millennia -ll-, -nn- millenium, millenia

misspell -ss- mispell

necessary -c-, -ss- neccessary

noticeable -e- noticable

occasion -cc-, -s- ocassion, occassion

CORRECT SPELLING SPELLING ADVICE MISSPELLING

occurred, occurring -cc-, -rr- occured, occuring

occurrence -cc-, -rr-, -ence occurance, occurence

parallel -r-, -ll- paralel, parralel

persistent -ent persistant

Philippines -l-, -pp- Phillipines

piece i before e peice

politician -cian politican

possession -ss-, -ss- posession

preferred, preferring -rr- prefered, prefering

privilege no d priviledge

pronunciation -nun- pronounciation

publicly -cly publically

really -ll- realy

receive e before i recieve

referred, referring -rr- refered, refering

religious -gious religous

remember -mem- rember, remeber

resistance -ance resistence

sense -se sence

separate -par- seperate

successful -cc-, -ss- succesful

surprise sur- suprise

tendency -ency tendancy

therefore -fore therefor

CORRECT SPELLING SPELLING ADVICE MISSPELLING

threshold one h in middle threshhold

tomorrow -m-, -rr- tommorow, tommorrow

tongue ton-, -gue tounge

truly no e truely

unforeseen -re- unforseen

unfortunately -ely unfortunatly

until -l untill

vicious no s in middle viscious

weird e before i wierd

wherever one e in middle whereever

weather -ea- wether, waether

whether wh- wether

which wh- wich

LESSON 1.4
CAPITALIZATIO
N
In writing police reports, observe the proper rules on capitalization.

1. Capitalize the beginning of every sentence.

Examples:
The arrested suspect is still under the custody of Calamba City Police Station. After the commission of
the crime, the suspect left immediately heading toward unknown direction.

2. Capitallze proper PDG Alan LM. Purisima

nouns. (Ret) Dr. Dina S. Ocampo
a.Persons Col. Juan C. de la Cruz
Prof. Eric P. Paligat Lt Gen. Saturnino M. Aguda
PSupt Serafin F. Petalio ll, DSC Gen. Mario L. Agdep
PDDG Danilo S. Constantino

b. Places
Continents: Asia, Australia, Europe, Africa, North America
Countries: Philippines, Singapore, Japan, USA
Regions: National Capital Region, llocos Region
Provinces: iocos Norte, Apayao, Laguna, Batangas
Cities: Laoag City, Quezon City, Calamba City
Municipslities: Pudtol, Los Baños, Paoay, Pagudpud
Barangays: Calayab, Cabatacan, Canlubang, Mayapa
Subdivisions: Villa de Calamba Subd., Maquiling Subdivision
Streets/Avenues: Rizal Street, Taft Avenue, P. Gomez Street, EDSA

3. Capitalize specific entities.

Organizations: Philippine National Police, Armed Forces of the Philippines
Departments: Department of Education, Department of Energy
Historical Events: People Power Revolution, lndependence Day
Special Events: Christmas, Mother's Day, New Year's Day, Valentine's Day
Days/Months: Monday, Friday, January, February
Courses/Subjects: Trigonometry, Statistics, Police Report Writing, English 10
Nationalities: Filipino, Singaporean, Japanese, Australian, Arab
Abbreviations: PNP, DTI, BJMP, BFP, AFP, NBI, DILG, PPSC, PNPA
Acronyms: NAPOLCOM, PAG-IBIG, PHILVOcS, DEPED, MERALCO
Proper Adjectives: American bread, locano food, Japanese movie

LESSON 1.5
IRREGULAR
VERBS
English verbs follow the three basic forms: the base form (infinitive), the simple past, and the simple
past participle. Most verbs are regular verbsb are regular verbs where the base form to simple past
are formed by adding –d –ed while the simple past and the past participle are spelled alike and formed
by adding –ed to the base form such as the following:

Add –ed

BASE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE

COOK COOKED COOKED

WALKED WALKED WALKED

Add –d

BASE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE

participate participated Participated

converse conversed conversed

Conversely, irregular verbs do not follow this structure. Their transformations are unpredictable such as
the one below. One of the best things to master this is to memorize these irregular verbs.

BASE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE

spring sprang sprung

drink Drank Drunk

 Below are examples of irregular verbs.

A.ASSESSMENT
NOTE: This activity will be posted on your lms this is only for advance reading and
reaserch).
(Answer eligibly clearly and concisely on a whole sheet of pad paper pass it on Feb.7, 2022
at the CCJE office or on your LMS or contact me in my messenger account @ EZRA
GRAMAJE for any questions.)

Activity 1: Supply the simple past and past participle of

the following irregular verbs.
BASE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE
1. Beat
2. Become
3. Bet
4. Break
 5. Choose
6. Is
7. Fall
8. Freeze
9. Go
10. Hide
11. Keep
12. Lead
13. Lie
14. Lose
15. Rise
16. Seek
17. Send
18. Shut
19. Strike
20. Steal

Activity II: Without looking at the rules, underline the correct spelling of the
following words.
1. harass haras
2. occured occurred
3. offense offens
4. seige siege
5. supercede supersede
6. successful succesfful
7. accommodate acomodate
8. colleague collegeue
9. arest arrest
10. achieve acheive

B. REFERENCES
 ERIC P. PALIGAT “POLICE REPORT WRITING” FPR publishing 2015
 Common Misspellings | Spelling | EnglishClub
 List of irregular verbs in infinitive past simple and past participle (easypacelearning.com)
 St. Louis College of Bulanao
Purok 6, Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga 3800

This module is a requirement of the St. Louis College of Bulanao in response to the
implementation of the Blended Learning way of Instruction.

This Learning Material is a property of the College of Criminal Justice Education – St.
Louis College of Bulanao, Tabuk City. It aims to improve students’ performance specifically in
the Criminology Education.

Date of Development : February, 2022

Resource Location : Bulanao, Tabuk City
Learning Area : CDI 12 (SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION WITH
LEGAL MEDICINE)
Learning Resource Type : Module1

General Instruction/s:

The module introduces what is criminal investigation, the three tools of criminal investigation, the
four method of investigation, sketching the crime scene and crime reconstruction. Series of
activities will encourage you to explore and learn about the topic. Through this module, the
following instruction/s should be followed.

1. This module is exclusively for SLCB students only.

2. Reproduction and use of this module for any purpose is strictly prohibited, unless with
the written permission from SLCB.
3. You may use this module for any acceptable purposes.
 St. Louis College of Bulanao
Purok 6, Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga 3800

TITLE/TOPIC
TECHNICAL ENGLISH I
LESSON III
GRAMMAR AND MECHANICS

I. INTRODUCTION

Writing is one of the most indispensable skills that a learner should develop to be able to express his or
her ideas effectively. It is a Skill that every student should master for efficient expression of ideas
Similarly, this skill is needed in all types of professions and jobs especially because communication is a
vital component of any endeavour.

Proficiency in writing is required not only of civilians but also of uniformed personnel such as police
officers who are considered the premier law enforcers in the country. They write police reports during
their day-to-day activity. it is imperative then that they master writing to come up with an effective
police report considered the life blood of police work.

Police report writing is a regular part of an officer's job. Complete, factual, accurate, and detailed reports
can speed up an investigation while incomplete opinionated, inaccurate, distorted, or misleading reports
can impede it or even get it dismissed in the court on the basis of a technicality, regardless of the facts.
Police reports can make the difference between conviction and acquittal. Just like any other skill in police
work, writing effective police reports is a skill that must be learned and practiced.

During the Test Construction and Development Seminar held at the Institute Training Group. Police
National Training Institute, Camp Gen. Vicente P. Lim, Calamba City on November 7, 2013, the Vice
President for Academics, PSUPT AMADOR B. NAVARROZA (Ret), MAED of the Philippine Public Safety
College revealed that police report writing in the PNP is problematic. Police officers write ungrammatical,
incorrect, incomplete, inaccurate, and distorted police reports. To be able to address this concern in the
PNP and other public safety agencies and to become instrumental in improving the writing proficiency of
police officers and public safety officers in the country, a study was conducted by the author in March
2015 at the Institute Training Group entitled "Process Writing and Writing Performance of Police Trainees
in a Large Class Setting" Hence, this Police Report Writing (A Handbook for Police Officers, Trainees, and
Public Safety Students) was conceptualized based on the results of the said study.

Since not all police officers and trainees who are accepted
in the PNP are criminology graduates and because even
criminology graduates lack writing proficiency it is
imperative that they are provided training on how to write
effective police reports. Language professors of the
Philippine Public Safety College (PPSC) including higher
education institutions (HEls) should take this as a
challenge. However, for them to be successful in helping
police officers and trainees become effective police report
writers, these language teachers should cho0se an
effective writing strategy that will cover the major steps
in writing and provide learners with ample opportunities
to write the various types of police reports. It is also
important
 enrich their writing repertoire by providing them comprehensive lectures on what police report writing
is, its different types, elements, characteristics, and uses, among others and provide them with different
types of actual police report writing activities to harness their writing skills to the fullest
II. LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

 Explain the rules on grammars such as redundancies, homonyms, including the
definitions of police lingo and jargons and their correct contexts in sentences
III. COURSE CONTENT
LESSON 3.1
REDUNDANCIES
REDUNDANCIES
One way to achieve effective police report writing is to eliminate the use of repetitious expressions. We
frequently encounter redundancies such as "free gifts and foreign imports", among others. These
expressions are not necessary and need not to be included because it adds nothing to what has already
been stated. In some instances, efficient use of key words and sentence structures can facilitate clear
connections in writing. Also, writers employ repetition to further emphasize and clarify their main point.

The focus of police report writing is to remove needless repetition such as redundant words that make
writing longer and vaguer, not better. Below are examples of common redundancies used In writing and
correspondence. In a few specific situations, some of the expressions may provIde a purpose.
Nonetheless, these terms may cause miscommunication because of unnecessary words. We may delete
the phrase in parentheses to achieve clarity in writing.
(absolutely) essential (end) result (major) breakthrough
(absolutely) necessary (face) mask (major) feat
(actual) facts fall (down) manually (by hand)
advance (forward) (favorable) approval may (possibly)
(advance) planning (fellow) classmates meet (together)
(advance) preview .(fellow) colleague meet (with each other)
(advance) reservations few (in number) mental) telepathy
(advance) warning filled (to capacity) merge (together)
add (an additional) (final) conclusion (safe) haven
add (up) (Final) end (safe) sanctuary
(added) bonus (final) outcome same (exact)
(affirmative) yes (final) ultimatum (sand) dune
(aid and) abet (first and) foremost scrutinize (in detail)
(all-time) record (first) conceived separated (apart from each
bald (-headed) first (of all) other)
balsa (wood) gather (together) (serious) danger
(basic) fundamentals (general) public share (together)
(basic) necessities GOP (party) (sharp) point
best (ever) GRE (exam) shiny (in appearance)
biography (of his--or her-life) had done (previously) shut (down)
blend (together) (harmful) injuries (single) unit
cacophony (of sound) (head) honcho skipped (over)
cameo (appearance) heat (up tall (in height)
cancel (out) (illustrated) drawing tall (in stature)
(careful) scrutiny incredible (to (temper) tantrum
depreciate (in value) believe) indicted (on ten (in number)
descend (down) a charge) input (into) three a.m. (in the morning)
(desirable) benefits integrate (together) (three-way) love triangle
(different) kinds integrate (with each time (period)
each (and every) other) join (together) (ultimate) goal
earlier (in time) joint) collaboration undergraduate (student)
eliminate (altogether) lag (behind) (underground) subway
emergency later (time) (unexpected) emergency
(situation) (empty) LCD (display) (unexpected) surprise
hole lift (up) vacillate (back and forth)
empty (out) (little) baby (veiled) ambush
(empty) space made (out) (very) pregnant
enclosed (herein) of
EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE
EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE
(wall) mural weather (conditions)
Warn (in advance) weather (situation)

LESSON 3.2
HOMONY
MS
Homonyms are words that sound alike, but have different meanings. They generally include two
categories of word types: homophones and homographs.

 Homographs are words that are spelled the same, but have different meanings.

 Homophones are words that sound the same when you pronounce them, but have different
meanings.

Others say that homonyms are strictly words that are spelled and sound the same, but have different
meanings.

This list contains homonyms, homophones, and homographs.

ade - drink type, as in fair-equal fare-price

lemonade aid -to help or assist
aide - assistant

affect - change
effect - result or consequence

berry -fruit from a bush

bury-to put
underground

be - to exist
bee- buzzing insect

beat - to pound
beet-type of edible plant

bite nibble
byte - 8 bits (computer data)

cell-Compartment
sell-vend

cereal breakfast
food serial-
sequential

chord-musical
tone cord-rope

dear-darling
deer-w0odland animal

ewe-female sheep
you-second-person personal pronoun

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

f hare-rabbit-like animal
a
z halve- Cut in two
e parts have-possess
-
i heal- mend
m heel- back of foot
p
a knead-massage
c need desire
t
p lead metal
h lead was the leader
a
s loan - lend
e lone solitary
-
S none-not any
t nun-woman wh0 takes special vows
a
g oh-expression of surprise or awe
e Owe be obligated

grease-fat pail- bucket

Greece-Country in Europe pale not bright

hair- head peace-calm

covering piece-segment

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

plain ordinary sew- connect With thread
plane-flight machine
their belonging to
rain-water from them there-at that
sky rein-bridle place they re- they are

real-tactual waist- area below ribs

reel-roll waste-Squander

sail-move by Wind war-battle

power sale-bargain price Wore-did wear

Sea-ocean segment way- path

See-observe with Weigh measure mass
eyes

LESSON 3.3
DEFINITIONS OF POLICE LINGO AND JARGON
For a common understanding or the terms used, the following definitions taken from the PNP Police
Operational Procedures (POP) 2013 and the PNP Directorate of Investigation and Detective ianagement
(DIDM) Criminal Investigation Manual 2011.

ARBITRARY DETENTION- Arbitrary detention begins not merely from the moment a person is locked up
in prison cell but from the moment such person is deprived of his liberty without legal grounds. And it
ends only when such person is absolutely freed from any restraint on his person.

ARREST- It is the taking of a person into custody in order that he may be bound to answer for the
commission of an offense.

ARSON- Is defined as the intentional or malicious destruction of a property by fire. It is also defined as
the criminal burning of property.

ASSAULT - The tem 'assault in Sec. 87 (b) (2), Judiciary Act, on the original jurisdiction of Municipal
Courts, means physical injuries. It does not refer to the crime of direct assault in Art. 148 of the Revised
Penal Code.

BEAT PATROL-The deployment or officers in a given community, area or locality to Prevent and deter
criminal activity and to provide day-to-day services to the community.

BRIBERY - Bribery and robbery have little in common as regards their essential transaction is neither
mutual nor voluntary but is consummated by the use of force or elements. In the former, the
transaction is mutual and voluntary. In the latter case, the transaction is neither mutual nor voluntary
but is consummated by the use of force or intimidation.

BURDEN OF PROOF- is employed to signify the duty of proving the facts in dispute on an issue between
the parties in a cause. The burden of proof always lies on the on the party who takes the affirmative in
pleading. In criminal cases, as every man is presumed innocent until the contrary is proved, the burden
of proof rests on the prosecution unless a different provision is expressly made by statute.

BUY BUST OPERATION- is an entrapment technique employed by a peace officer as effective way of
apprehending a criminal in the act of the commission of the offense.

CADAVER - A corpse or a dead body.

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

CHILD- Shall refer to a person below eighteen (18) years of age or one over said age and who, upon
evaluation of a qualified physician, psychologist or psychiatrist, is found to be incapable of taking care of
himself fully because of a physical or mental disability or condition or of protecting himself from abuse.

CHILD ABUSE - Refers to the infliction of physical or psychological injury, cruelty to or neglect, sexual
abuse or exploitation of a child.

CHILD TRAFFICKING- The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of a child purpose
of exploitation.

CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE- Evidence of circumstances which are strong enough To cast suspicion
upon the defendant and which are sufficiently strong to overcome the presumption of innocence, and
to exclude every hypothesis except that of the guilt of the defendant.

COMPLAINT-A concise statement of the ultimate facts constituting the plaintiff's cause or causes of
action.

COMPLAINANT-A party or person who makesa complaint or files a formal charge in the court of law.

COORDINATION REPORT- A report which is used as a means of formal coordination to be made by the
investigating agency with the police unit or military unit having operational jurisdiction over the place
where a police case operation shall be conducted.

CRIME SCENE A venue or place where the alleged crime/incident/event has been committed.

CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION - It is the collection of facts in order to accomplish the three-fold aims to
identity the guilty party; to locate the guilty party; and to provide evidence of his (suspect) guilt.

CRIMINAL INVESTIGATOR -A public safety officer who is tasked to conduct the investigation of all
criminal cases as provided for and embodied under the Revised Penal Code/Criminal Laws and Special
Laws which are criminal in nature. A well- trained, disciplined and experienced professional in the field
of criminal investigation duties and responsibilities.

CRIMINAL JURISDICTION - The authority to hear and try a particular offense and impose the punishment
for it.

CRIMINAL LAW- One that defines crime, treats of their nature and provides for their punishment.
Punishment, in this sense, refers strictly to the penalty imposed.

CRIMINAL LIABILITY- Requisites Under Art. 4 par. 1 RPC, a person may be held criminally liable even if
the injurious result be greater than that intended, provided these requisites concur: 1) an intentional
felony has been committed; and 2) the wrong done to the victim be the direct, natural, and logical
consequence of the felony committed.

CRIMINAL NEGLIGENCE- It consists in the failure to take such precautions advance measures in the
performance of an act as the most common prudence would suggest, whereby injury is caused to
persons or to property.

CUSTODIAL INVESTIGATION- investigation conducted by law enforcement officers after a person has
been arrested or deprived of his freedom and action. It includes invitation to a person who is being
investigated in connection with an offense.

DEATH OR PHYSICAL INJURIES INFLICTED UNDER EXCEPTIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES Any legally married
person who having caught his spouse in the act of Committing sexual intercourse with another, shall kill
any of them in the act or immediately thereafter, or shall inflict upon them any serious injuries, shall
suffer the penalty of destierro.

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

DETAINEE/DETENTION PRISONER - refers to a person arrested due to the commission of a
crime/offence by the arresting unit for custodial investigation. It likewise includes person arrested for
crimes which are heinous in nature, against national security and high profile crimes.

DETENTION - a restraint of personal liberty or deprivation of freedom of action in any significant

manner.

DETENTION/CUSTODIAL CENTER- an institution secured by the PNP Unit concerned for the purpose
of providing short term custody of detention prisoner thereby affording his safety and preventing
escape while awaiting the court's disposition of the case or transfer to appropriate penal institution.

DETENTION OFFICER -a Police Commission Officer (PCO) or Police Non-Commission Officer (PNCO)
directly responsible for the administration and management of the detention facility and the detainees
housed therein.

DRAGNET OPERATION- is a police operation purposely to seal off the probable exit points of fleeing
suspects from the crime scene to prevent their escape.

DUE PROCESS OF LAW- The requirement that no person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense
without "due process of law simply requires that the procedures fully protect the life, liberty, and
property of the citizens in the State

DYING DECLARATION- Requisites. In order that a dying declaration may be admissible, the following
requisites must concur; 1) it must concern the crime involved in and the circumstances Surrounding tne
declarant's death; 2) at the time of the declaration, the declarant must be conscious o impending death;
3) the declarant must be competent as a witness; and 4) ne declaration must be offered in a criminal
case for homicide, murder, or parricide in which the declarant was the victim.
E-Blotter (Electronic Blotter)-is a computerized system that is now being used
Davao City Police Office which was accepted by the courts, prosecutors' office and the public in general.
Coordination with Supreme Court administrator disclosed that they are amenable to the idea of using e-
blotter for the PNP This is also known as Crime Incident Recording System (CIRS).

ELECTRONIC DATA MESSAGE - Refers to information generated, sent, received or stored by electronic,
optical or similar means, but not limited to, electronic data interchange (EDI), electronic mail, telegram,
telex, or telecopy. Throughout these Rules, the term "electronic data message" shall be equivalent to
and be used interchangeably with 'electronic document."

ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT Refers to information or the representation of information, data, figures,

symbols or other modes of written expression, described or however represented, by which a right is
established or an obligation extinguished, or by which a fact be proved and affirmed, which is received,
recorded, transmitted, stored, processed, retrieved or produced electronically. Throughout these Rules,
the term "electronic document" shal be equivalent to and be used interchangeably with "electronic data
message.

ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE - Refers to any distinctive mark, characteristic and/or sound in electronic form,
representing the identity of a person and attached to or logically associated with the electronic data
message or electronic document or any methodology or procedures employed or adopted by a person
and executed or adopted by such person with the intention of authenticating or approving an electronic
data message or electronic document.

EMINENT DOMAIN - The right of a government to take and appropriate private property to public use,
whenever the public exigency requires it; which can be done only on condition of providing a reasonable
compensation therefore.

ENTRAPMENT While instigation exempts, entrapment does not; the difference between the two being
that in entrapment the crime had already been committed while in instigation the crime was not yet and
would not have been committed were it not for the instigation by the peace officer.

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

EVIDENCE - The means sanctioned by the Rules of Court, of ascertaining in a judicial proceeding the
truth respecting a matter of fact. These include but are not limited to documentary, testimonial,
electronic and object evidence, gathered in the course of the investigation.

EVIDENT PREMEDITATION Evident premeditation involves, in its legal sense, not only a determination to
commit the crime prior to the moment of its execution, but that resolve to carry out the criminal intent
must have been the result of deliberation, calculation or reflection through a period of time sufficient to
dispassionately consider and accept the final consequences thereof, thus indicating a greater perversity.
EXPLOITATION - Shall include, at the minimum, child prostitution, child pornography and other forms or
sexual exploitation, child labor, force labor or services, Slavery or practices similar o Slavery, servitude,
removal and sale of organs, use in illegal activities, and participation in armed conflict. The hiring,
employment, persuasion, inducement, or Coercion of a child to perform in obscene exhibitions and
indecent shows, whether live or in video or film or to pose or act as a model in obscene publications or
pornographic materials, or to sell or distribute said materials.

EXPLOSIVES- Any chemical compound, mixture or device, the primary or common purpose of which is to
function by explosion. The term includes, but is not limited to, high explosives, black powder, pellet
powder, initiating explosives, detonators, safety fuses, squibs, detonating cord, igniter cord and igniter.

EXPLOSIVE INCIDENTS - Any explosives-involved situation that encompasses bombings,

incendiary bombings, attempted bombings, stolen and recovered explosives, threats to
government facilities involving explosives, hoax devices and bomb threats.

EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE DISPOSAL (EOD) PERSONNEL- Refers to personnel of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines (AFP), Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) and the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI).

FIRST RESPONDERS- Are members of the police, military, fire, medical teams, and other volunteer
organizations who are expected to be the first to respond to calls for assistance in cases of incidents
involving explosives.

HASTY CHECKPOINT - is an immediate response to block the escape of lawless elements from a crime
scene, and is also established when nearby checkpoints are ignored or during hot pursuit operations.
It is set up by police personnel conducting mobile patrol on board a marked police vehicle, or those
conducting ISO and foot patrol operations within the vicinity/periphery of the national or provincial
highways.

HIGH RISK ARREST is the actual restraint of armed persons following a high-risk stop.

HIGH RISK STOP - is the actual stopping or accosting of armed and dangerous person or persons, aboard
a vehicle or on foot, including the power to use all necessary and legal means to accomplish such end.

HOT PURSUIT (CROSS JURISDICTIONAL PURSUIT) (also termed in the US as fresh pursuit) shall mean an
immediate, recent chase or follow up without material interval for the purpose of taking into custody
any person wanted by virtue of a warrant, or one suspected to have committed a recent offense while
fleeing from one police jurisdictional boundary to another that will normally require prior official inter-
unit coordination but which the pursuing unit cannot, at that moment, comply due to the urgency of
the situation.

HOMICIDE Any person who shall kill another without the attendance of any of the circumstances
enumerated in the crime of murder (Art. 249 RPC).

IMMINENT DANGER the danger is "imminent" if it is on the point of happening. It is not required that
the attack already begins, for it may be too late (The Revised Penal Code, B0ok 1, JBL Reyes). The
elements of imminent danger are the following:

1. Intent of the suspect to harm the policeman;

2. The capability of the suspect to harm the policeman or other persons; and,
3. Accessibility or the proximity of the suspect in harming the policeman and other persons.

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

INQUEST PROCEEDINGS- is the informal and summary investigation conducted by a public prosecutor
(called the inquest prosecutor) in criminal cases involving a person arrested, without the benefit of a
warrant issued by the court, and thereafter detained, for the purpose of determining whether or not the
warrantless arrest is valid, said arrested person should remain under custody, and be correspon dingly
charged in court.

INVESTIGATOR-ON-CASE (IOC) - is the police officer who determines the cause or motive of the crime,
identify and interview witnesses, and effects arrest of suspect/s.

MACRO-ETCHING- The examination of the serial number of engine and chassis of a motor vehicle by a
Crime Laboratory Technician by means of applying chemicals solution on the said serial numbers to
determine whether there is tampering and for possible restoration of the tampered serial numbers.

MALFEASANCE or MISCONDUCT- Any wrongful, improper or unlawful conduct motivated by

premeditated, obstinate or intentional purpose. It usually refers to transgression of some established,
obstinate or intentional purpose. It usually refers to transgression of some established and definite rule
of action, where no discretion is left except where necessity may demand; it does not necessarily imply
corruption or criminal intention.

MAXIMUM TOLERANCE means the highest degree of restraint that the police, military and other peace
keeping authorities shall observe during a public assembly or in the dispersal of the same.

MISFEASANCE or IRREGULARITIES IN THE PERFORMANCE OF DUTY- The improper performance of

some act which might lawfully be done.

MIRANDA DOCTRINE A principle on the rights of a suspect from forced self- incrimination during police
interrogation as enshrined in the 1987 Philippine Constitution's Bill of Rights (Article lll, Sec. 12).

MUG SHOT (OR BOOKING PHOTOGRAPH) - it is a photograph of the suspect taken after one Is
arrested. The purpose of the mug shot is to allow law enforcement agency to have a photographic
record of the arrested individual to allow for identification by victims and investigators. They may be
compiled into a mug book or rogues gallery in order to help determine the identity of a criminal in high
profile cases, mug shots may also be published by the media. The mug shot shall be taken in four (4)
manners, front View hair body, left side view half body, right-side view half body, and front-view whole
body. it shall be printed in 4R size and attached or printed on the Mug Shot Sheet of the PNP-BF. If a
digital camera is used, the camera should have a resolution of not less than 5 Mega Pxel (MP). (Pro
forma can be downloaded through www.didm.pnp.goV.ph).

MURDER - Any person who shall kill another person with evident premeditation, treachery, superior
strength, aid of armed men, consideration of prize and reward of promise and by means of fire, poison,
explosion and other means involving great waste and ruin (Art. 248, RPC).

NECESSARY AND LEGAL MEANS - as used in the definition shall include, but not limited to, the
employment of appropriate number of troops, armor assets and tactical or special units to effectively
and permanently quell the threat or present danger, or to swiftly restrain or arrest the suspect or
suspects.

NEGLECT- Failure to provide, for reasons other than poverty, adequate food, clothing shelter, basic
education or medical care so as to seriously endanger the physical, mental, social and emotional growth
and development of the child.

NEGLECT OF DUTY- The omission or refusal, without sufficient excuse, to perform an act or duty, which
it was the officer's legal obligation to perform.

NONFEASANCE or NEGLECT OF DUTY The omission or refusal, without sufficient excuse, to perform an
act or duty, which it was the peace officer's legal obligation to perform,; implies a duty as well as its
breach and the fact can never be found in the absence of duty.

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

OCCULAR INSPECTION- An auxiliary remedy which the law affords the parties or the court to reach an
enlightened determination of the case, either to clear a doubt, to reach a conclusion, or to find the
truth, by viewing the object related to the fact in issue.

OFFENDED PARTY- In oral defamation or libel, the "offended party" referred to in par. 4 Art 360, RPC,
and in Sec 4, Rule 110, Rules of Court, is the person appearing to have been defamed, discredited,
damaged and prejudiced by the imputation made. The 'offender party" who intervenes in a criminal
action, under Sec 15 Rule 110, Rules of Court, is the person who is entitled to civil indemnity in the civil
action arising Out of the criminal act for which the accused is charged.

PAT-DOWN SEARCH is a "frisk" or external feeling of the outer garments of an individual for weapons
only.

PERSON IN AUTHORITY- Person in authority refers to all those persons who by direct provision of law or
by appointment Or competent authority are charged with the maintenance of public order and tne
protection and security of life and property, as well as all persons Who come to the aid or agents or
authority; it being public functionaries are entitled to be considered as agents of authority, it being
understood, nevertheless that in order that the persons who Come to the aid of an agent of authority
may be considered as agents of authority, it is an essential condition that they lend such assistance, by
virtue of an order or request of such agent of authority.

POLICE BLOTTER - A record or log where all types of operational and undercover dispatches shall be
recorded containing the five "W's (WHO, WHAT, WHERE, WHEN and WHY) and one "H" (HOW) of
an information.

POLICE CHECKPOINT A location where the search is conducted which is duly authorized by the PNP to
deter/prevent the commission of crimes, enforce the law, and for other legitimate purposes.

REASONABLE DOUBT- A reasonable doubt is not a mere guess that defendant may or may not guilty; it
is such a doubt as a reasonable man might entertain after a fair review and consideration of the
evidence.

RECLUSION PERPETUA- The penalty of life imprisonment. However, the offender is eligible for pardon
after serving the penalty for thirty years.

ROBBERY- The taking of personal property belonging to another with intent to gain, by means of
violence against or intimidation of any person, or using force upon anything.

ROGUES GALLERY (or ROGUES' GALLERY)/MUG SHOT BOOK is a police collection of mug shots
and pictures or photographs of criminals and suspects kept to identification purposes.

SCENE OF THE CRIME OPERATION (SOCO) - s a forensic procedure performed by trained personnel of
the PNP Crime Laboratory through scientific methods of investigation for the purpose of preserving the
crime scene, gathering information, documentation, collection and examination of all physical evidence.

SEARCH WARRANT is an order in writing issued in the name of the People of the Philippines, signed by a
judge and directed to a peace officer, commanding him to search for personal property described
therein and bring it before the court.

SPOT CHECK/ACCOSTING is the brief stopping of an individual, whether on foot or in a vehicle, based on
reasonable suspicion/probable cause, for the purpose of determining the individual's identity and
resolving the officer's suspicion concerning criminal activity.

STOPPING ZONE - s the strategic predetermined area strongly sealed off, barricaded and occupied by
tactical forces in a lawful display of authority to maintain law and order or in defensive response to
an event of criminal nature or of such gravity that occurred or likely to occur calling for a high risk
stop or arrest.

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

SPOT REPORT Refers to an immediate initial investigative or incident report addressed to Higher
Headquarters pertaining to the commission of the crime, occurrence of natural or man-made disaster or
unusual incidents involving loss of lives and damage of properties.

SUBSTANTIVE DUE PROCESS - The constitutional guaranty that no person shall be deprived of his life,
liberty, or property for arbitrary reasons, such as a deprivation being constitutionally supportable only if
the conduct from which the deprivation flows is prescribed by reasonable legislation (that is, the
enactment is within the scope of legislative authority) reasonably applied (that is, for a purpose
consonant with the purpose of the legislation itself).

THEFT- Theft is committed by any person who, with intent to gain but without violence against or
intimidation of neither persons nor force upon things, shall take personal property of another without
the latter's consent.

VICTIM-The aggrieved party; offended party.

LESSON 3.4
POLICE LINGO AND JARGON IN SENTENCES
The following model sentences and examples of police lingo and jargon are provided to serve as guide
especially to the neophyte in the police service and public safety organization. The latter parts of these
sentences were selectively taken from website of the Philippine National Police through the Public
Information Office to illustrate effective police report writing. Some sentences were edited and
improved to achieve its purpose. The names of the suspect/s are not included in order to protect their
identities. Moreover, these sentences serve as a guide to write efficient police reports particularly police
trainees and students. Terms and phrases which have this [ ] symbol means that those words or phrases
can be substituted when one is writing a report to suit his/her information gathered.

1. On [June 10, 2015] at about [7:00 AM], a [shooting incident] transpired along the [National
Highway, Brgy. Batong Malake, Los Bańos, Laguna]

2. On [May 28, 2015], at about [10:00 PM], an [alleged stabbing incident] happened at [69
Lopez Avenue, Villa de Calamba, Brgy. Halang, Calamba City, Laguna].

3. On [June 14, 2015], at about [4:00 PM], this office received a [telephone call from a [concerned
citizen] regarding [an alleged shooting incident] occurred on Rizal St., Brgy. Bucal, Calamba City,
Laguna].

4. Upon receipt of information, the operatives of this station responded immediately to the crime
scene. The victim was identified as [Juan P. de la Cruz, 25 years old, married, driver], and a resident of
[Brgy. Makiling, Calamba City, Laguna]

5. The victim was brought to the nearest hospital at [Calamba Medical Center], but was declared
"dead on arrival" by the attending physician,

6. The unknown suspect left the crime scene immediately using his unidentified motorcycle
without plate number heading toward unknown direction.

7. The personnel of this office led by PSINSP conducting a

manhunt operation against the possible arrest and identification of the said suspect.

8. Through the hot pursuit operation conducted by this office, the suspect was successfully arrested at
about [10:00 AM on June 10, 2015 along the National Highway, Brgy. Paciano, Calamba City] and
identified as also known as] |'Boy Negro"], [38 years old, married
identified as driver, and a resident of Brgy. Halang, Calamba City].

9 The victim's cadaver was brought to the PNP Crime Laboratory, [Police Regional Office 4A, Camp
Vicente Lim, Brgy. Mayapa, Calamba City, Laguna] for autopsy examination.

10. The arrested suspect was also brought to the said Crime Laboratory for paraffin test.

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

 11. The recovered [caliber.45 pistol without serial number] and [five (5) empty shells of same
caliber] were also brought to the said Crime Laboratory for ballistic and cross-matching
examinations.

12. After a follow up operation Conducted by this station headed by PCINSP

,the suspect was arrested at about (10:30 AM on June 8, 2015 along the National Highway, Parian,
Calamba City.

13. Recovered from the possession and control of the suspect were [his 2012 Rusi without plate
number] and alleged caliber .38 revolver with defaced serial number].

14. During the arrest, the suspect was apprised of his Constitutional Rights as mandated by RA

7438. 15.The suspect was brought to the [Calamba City Police Station] for custodial investigation.

16. The arrested suspect is still under the custody of this station.

17. Prior to the inquest proceedings, the suspect underwent the SOP such as booking procedure,
taking of mug shots, examination. fingerprint, and medico-legal

18. The operatives of this office are preparing appropriate charges against the suspect.

19.Arrested suspect was brought to [RID, PRO 4A] for documentation and proper

disposition.

20. A [knife-wielding] suspect was arrested after [he commandeered a Manila-bound bus (Everlasting
bus)] along the [North Luzon Expressway (NLEX) Toll Plaza] in [Sta. Rita, Guiguinto, Bulacan].

21.The elements of [Malolos CPS], upon receiving the report of the incident, immediately conducted
a (dragnet operation] and sent flash alarm to its entire patrol unit.

22.The personnel of [Bulacan Provincial Crime Laboratory Office Scene of the Crime Operatives
(SOCO)] processed the crime scene and different identification cards of the suspects were collected.

23. Recovered from their possession were [caliber .38 revolver without serial number loaded with three
(3) live ammunition] and [three (3) empty shells], and a [Smith & Wesson caliber .38 revolver without
serial number with two (2) live ammunition] and [four (4) empty shells]

24. The recovered firearms] will be subjected for mandatory [Ballistic/Cross Matching Examination] at
[Quezon PNP-Crime Laboratory Office].

25.The [four (4) arrested policemen] are presently undergoing pre-charge investigation].

A. ASSESSMENT

Improve the following expressions by omitting unnecessary words achieve clarity

1. added bonus
2. advance
forward 3 unique
individual
4. attach together
5. enclosed
herewith 6 exact
replica
7. repeat it again
8. the reason why... is because
9. irregardless
10. 8 AM in the morning
11. moral lesson
12. a pleasant good morning
13. advance warning

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

14. regarding about
15. if, in case
16. not unless
17. if, for example

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

 18. say, for example
19. AVR room
20. PIN number
21. DVD disk
22. ATM machine
23. more simpler
24. more better
25. oral recitation
USE THE FOLLOWING POLICE LINGO ANDJARGON TERMS IN SENTENCE CORRECTLY
1. Assasination
2. Maximum tolerance
3. Mug shot
4. Murder
5. Imminent danger
6. Person in authority
7. Police blotter
8. Reclusion perpetua
9. Rogue gallery
10. Scene of the objectives (SOCO)
B. REFERENCES
 ERIC P. PALIGAT “POLICE REPORT WRITING” FPR publishing 2015

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

 St. Louis College of Bulanao
Purok 6, Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga 3800

This module is a requirement of the St. Louis College of Bulanao in response to the
implementation of the Blended Learning way of Instruction.

This Learning Material is a property of the College of Criminal Justice Education – St.
Louis College of Bulanao, Tabuk City. It aims to improve students’ performance specifically in
the Criminology Education.

Date of Development : January, 2021

Resource Location : Bulanao, Tabuk City
Learning Area : CDI 13 (Technical English 1: report writing &
Presentation)
Learning Resource Type : Module3

General Instruction/s:

The module introduces what is criminal investigation, the three tools of criminal investigation, the
four method of investigation, sketching the crime scene and crime reconstruction. Series of
activities will encourage you to explore and learn about the topic. Through this module, the
following instruction/s should be followed.

1. This module is exclusively for SLCB students only.

2. Reproduction and use of this module for any purpose is strictly prohibited, unless with
the written permission from SLCB.
3. You may use this module for any acceptable purposes.

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE
 JSt. Louis College of Bulanao
Purok 6, Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga 3800

TITLE/TOPIC TECHNICAL ENGLISH I

LESSON 1
INTRODUCTION TO POLICE REPORT WRITING

I. INTRODUCTION

Writing is one of the most indispensable skills that a

learner should develop to be able to express his or her
ideas effectively. It is a Skill that every student should
master for efficient expression of ideas Similarly, this
skill is needed in all types of professions and jobs
especially because communication is a vital
component of any endeavour.
Proficiency in writing is required not only of civilians
but also of uniformed personnel such as police
officers who are considered the premier law enforcers
in the country. They write police reports during their
day-to-day activity. it is imperative then that they
master writing to come up with an effective police
report considered the life blood of police work.
Police report writing is a regular part of an officer's
job. Complete, factual, accurate, and detailed reports
can speed up an investigation while incomplete
opinionated, inaccurate, distorted, or misleading
reports can impede it or even get it dismissed in the
court on the basis of a technicality, regardless of the
facts. Police reports can make the difference between
conviction and acquittal. Just like any other skill in
police work, writing effective police reports is a skill
EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE
 that must be learned and practiced.
During the Test Construction and Development
Seminar held at the Institute Training Group. Police
National Training Institute, Camp Gen. Vicente P.
Lim, Calamba City on November 7, 2013, the Vice
President for Academics, PSUPT AMADOR B.
NAVARROZA (Ret), MAED of the Philippine Public
Safety College revealed that police report writing in
the PNP is problematic. Police officers write
ungrammatical, incorrect, incomplete, inaccurate, and
distorted police reports. To be able to address this
concern in the PNP and other public safety agencies
and to become instrumental in improving the writing
proficiency of police officers and public safety
officers in the country, a study was conducted by the
author in March 2015 at the Institute Training Group
entitled "Process Writing and Writing Performance of
Police Trainees in a Large Class Setting" Hence, this
Police Report Writing (A Handbook for Police
Officers, Trainees, and Public Safety Students) was
conceptualized based on the results of the said study.
Since not all police officers and trainees who are
accepted in the PNP are criminology graduates and
because even criminology graduates lack writing
proficiency it is imperative that they are provided
training on how to write effective police reports.
Language professors of the Philippine Public Safety
College (PPSC) including higher education
institutions (HEls) should take this as a challenge.
However, for them to be successful in helping police
officers and trainees become effective police report
writers, these language teachers should cho0se an
effective writing strategy that will cover the major
steps in writing and provide learners with ample
opportunities to write the various types of police
reports. It is also important to enrich their writing
EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE
 repertoire by providing them comprehensive lectures
on what police report writing is, its different types,
elements, characteristics, and uses, among others and
provide them with different types of actual police
report writing activities to harness their writing skills
to the fullest

II. LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

 Discuss the importance of police report writing
 Explain the different types of police report

III. COURSE CONTENT

LESSON 1.1
DEFINITION OF POLICE REPORT WRITING

According to the Webster's New Collegiate

Dictionary (as cited by Gammage, 1961), a report is
an account of some subject specially investigated or
an official statement of Facts. A police report is a
chronological or step-by-step account of an incident
that transpired in a given time (Soriano, 2005).
Police reports may be written or oral; detailed or
EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE
 brief, simple or complex. They may be prepared by
anyone in the department from the chief to the
patrolman on the beat. in any event, police reporting
has become one of the most significant processes in
modern police operations. Reports result from the fact
that someone has asked for them and needs them for
immediate or future use. They are made to be read
and used(Gammage, 1961).
Among the several methods of writing, narrative
report writing is effective in writing police reports
where it presents the facts what actually occurred.
The chronology of actions is properly arranged
according to the order of events. The report writer
should follow the standard format prescribed by the
PNP.
Police officers, trainees, and students should be
exposed to the different types of police report writing
to become abreast with the required competencies and
standards of the PNP. Aside from the usual police
reports which they usually write, police officers,
trainees, and students should also learn other
challenging forms of police report writing which will
allow them to analyze places of evidence and validate
authenticity of information in order to prosecute
offenders. One type of writing which allows the
police officers, trainees, and students to use higher-
order thinking skills to transmit information is police
report writing
LESSON 1.2
PURPOSES OF POLICE REPORT WRITING
Just like other written public documents, police
reports should be written efficiently because it has the
following purposes (PNP Standard Operating
Procedure No. 2012-01):
1. To serve as the official document and permanent
record of incidents in the community
EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE
 2. To compile statistical information and identify
problems in the community
3 To facilitate investigations, prepare and defend
court cases including prosecution of offenders; and
4. To ldentify training needs of the members of the
Philippine National Police.
LESSON 1.3
IMPORTANT USES OF POLICE REPORT
WRITING
Just ike other forms of writing. police report writing
has the following important Uses (Soriano, 2005):

1. Serve as records for police administrators in

planning, directing. and organizing the unit's duties
and functions;
2. Use as legal documents in the prosecution of
offenders;
3. Use as basis by law enforcement agencies and
other government and private organizations.
4. Provide information to the media which need
access to public documents

5. Be a basis for research; and

6. Reflect the competence and personality of the
police writer regarding his written work.

LESSON 1.4
CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EFFECTIVE POLICE
REPORT WRITING
1. Accurate and Specific-Police reports should be
accurate and specific. Accurate means not only being
EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE
 exact, but also non-commission oft errors. Words
presented must be precise and correct. The report
must be tree from mistakes Or errors.
Akin to accuracy is specificity. The use of specific
words in conveying ideas most clearly to the readers
is very important.
In order to achieve accuracy and specificity, all forms
of correspondences and reports should be thoroughly
edited in spelling, punctuation , standard format,
sentence structure, mechanics, and grammar, and
among others.
2. Brief and Concise- Police reports should be
brief and concise. This means that reports should be
short or economy of words. Use necessary words only
as you retain the natural tone of your sentences.
Superiors are always busy and they do not have the
luxury of time reading wordy and long reports.
Conversely, being brief and concise does not mean
deleting important words to make your report short,
but write forcefully when using three or more words
where only one word is sufficient Good writers
impress their readers with ideas, not words. In order
to make your reports brief and concise, avoid the use
of redundant or superfluity, jargons, triteness, and
misleading euphemisms, among others (See Module 2
for reference).
3. Clear and Complete- Police reports should be
clear and complete. This means that the report is free
from Conclusion and ambiguity, and is easily
understood. The report should include all necessary
information such as the 5Ws and 1H (Who, what,
when, where, Why, and how) report including
attachments, enclosures and results of medico-legal
and other examinations released by the PNP Crime
Laboratory and other PNP recognize hospitals and
organizations.
EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE
 Moreover, this also means that the idea in the mind of
the sender should correspond to the idea formed in the
mind of the message receiver. any incongruence in
the interpretation of the message between the sender
and the the results to miscommunication.
In order to achieve clarity and completeness, use
simple words to assure understanding. Avoid also the
use of general words, abstract words, weak phrases,
gender-biased words, unwittingly language
transference, colloquialism, and slang. among others.
Finally, provide the necessary information and
pertinent documents required to support the facts.
4. Factual and Objective
Police reports should be factual and objective. The
report contains only facts, not hearsays. A fact is a
thing that has actually happened or that is really true.
Being objective is not injecting his/her own bias or
prejudice into the report. The police writer should be
fair and impartial in conducting Investigation and
gathering facts and pieces of evidence. To do this, the
police writer may properly quote statements from
sources without adding prejudices and conclusions.
In order to be factual and objective, focus on the
facts. Avoid getting opinions and personal judgments
in order not to be partial and subjective.
5. Well-organized and Grammatically Correct
Police reports should be well-organized and
grammatically correct. Chronological order is usually
used in organizing and writing the facts in police

Reports. It is also important to follow the standard

format and required specifications prescribed by the
EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE
 PNP Such as official font style which is Arial and
font size is 12 including quality paper, proper and
clean printing, format, spacing margin, and indention,
among others.
Police reports, on the other hand, should also be
grammatically correct. Aside from the fact that the
report is written using the proper form and
arrangement of words and sentence structures, It
should also be edited before submitting to the higher
authorities. Avoid also the use of full uppercase or
full lowercase all throughout the document especially
IT t is not necessary to do so.
In order to achieve that, follow proper rules in police
report writing including standard format
specifications. Before you submit your report, you let
someone check the grammar, sentence structures,
spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and content of
the report, among others.

LESSON 1.5
TYPES OF POLICE REPORT
This provides the most common types of Polico
Reports used in the PNP.
Police Blotter
Police Blotter refers to a logbook that contains the
daily registry of all crime incident reports, official
summaries of arrest, and other signicant ovents
reported in a police station (PNP Police Operational
Procedures 2013).
Spot Report
Spot Report refers to the initial report written by a
police officer after an important incident and
submitted immediately to higher authorities for
further investigation and appropriate action.
Progress Report
EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE
 Progress Report refers to a folloW-up report
submitted by a police officer after conducting further
investigation of a paricular incident Progress report
can simply be an accomplishment report which may
be analytical and may be comparatively longer than a
spot report.
Final Report
Final Repot refers to an accomplishment report
written by a police officer after the investigation is
completed and the case has been filed against the
suspect/s. In some cases, progress report can also be
the final report especially if the investigation has been
terminated at that level.
After Operation Report
After Operation Report refers to a report that may be
rendered after any successful police operation that
leads to the arrest of any member or some members
of syndicated crime group (PNP DIDM Criminal
Investigation Manual 2011).
Investigation Report
Investigation Report refers to a report such as in
criminal investigations. The arrangement of the parts
follows a specitic pattern to be easily found and read.
The format is similar to a memorandum format except
the text or body should have the following parts:
AUTHORITY, MATTERS INVESTIGATED,
FACTS OF THE CASE, DISCUSSION,
CONCLUSIONS, and
RECOMMENDATIONS. The parts are capitalized
followed by a colon (). Paragraphs are numbered
consecutively using Arabic numbers such as 1, 2, 3,
and 4, among others.
The investigator signs the report. On top of the
letterhead and on the lower fold of the paper, the
word CONFIDENTIAL is typed or stamped (Soriano,
2005).
EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE
 Situational Report
Situational Report (SITREP) refers to a report which
is done on a need basis. it contains the actual situation
on a particular incident or incidents which are on
public interest This is primarily addressed to the
commander or chief for him to know the actual
situation before the media and the public is informed.

A SITREP may be done every hour, every 6 hours, or

every 8 hours depending on the situation. During
peaceful and ordinary days, a SiTREP is not
necessary.
Beat Inspection Report
Beat Inspection Report refers to a report that is
submitted daily by any duty officer after his/her
routine check on foot.
After Patrol Report
After Patrol Report refers to a report which is
submitted by assigned sector using official vehicles
and is signed by the team leader.

A. ASSESSMENT
ESSAY: Read each question very carefully. Answer
legibly, clearly and concisely. Write your answer on a
yellow pad paper. (30 POINTS) Do not write
anything at the back of your answer sheet. You may
use another sheet of paper until completed. Submit it
personally to the CJJE OFFICE/FACULTY on
FEB.5, 2022. or contact me in my messenger account
EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE
 @ [email protected] if you have a
question. Good luck!
1. As a future police officer or public safety
officer, in not less than 150 words discuss the
importance of report writing in your career and create
a title for your essay?
2. Pass an example of at least 5 types of police
report from the internet or from the police station in
your area?

B. REFERENCES
• PALIGAT ERIC P. “Police Report Writing (a
hand book for Police officers, Trainees, and Public
Safety Students)” FPR Publishing, 2015

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

 St. Louis College of Bulanao
Purok 6, Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga 3800

This module is a requirement of the St. Louis College

of Bulanao in response to the implementation of the
Blended Learning way of Instruction.

This Learning Material is a property of the College of

Criminal Justice Education – St. Louis College of
Bulanao, Tabuk City. It aims to improve students’
performance specifically in the Criminology
Education.

Date of Development : January, 2022

Resource Location : Bulanao, Tabuk City
Learning Area : CDI 13 (TECHNICAL ENGLISH 1)
Learning Resource Type : Module1

General Instruction/s:

The module introduces what Police Report, purposes

of police report writing, important uses of police
report writing, and characteristics of effective police
EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE
 report writing. Series of activities will encourage you
to explore and learn about the topic. Through this
module, the following instruction/s should be
followed.

1. This module is exclusively for SLCB students

only.
2. Reproduction and use of this module for any
purpose is strictly prohibited, unless with the written
permission from SLCB.
3. You may use this module for any acceptable
purposes.St. Louis College of Bulanao
Purok 6, Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga 3800

TITLE/TOPIC TECHNICAL JSt. Louis College of

Bulanao
Purok 6, Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga 3800

TITLE/TOPIC
TECHNICAL ENGLISH
I
LESSON 1
INTRODUCTION TO POLICE REPORT WRITING
I. INTRODUCTION

Writing is one of the most indispensable skills that a learner should develop to be able to express his or
her ideas effectively. It is a Skill that every student should master for efficient expression of ideas
Similarly, this skill is needed in all types of professions and jobs especially because communication is a
vital component of any endeavour.

Proficiency in writing is required not only of civilians but also of uniformed personnel such as police
officers who are considered the premier law enforcers in the country. They write police reports during
their day-to-day activity. it is imperative then that they master writing to come up with an effective
police report considered the life blood of police work.

Police report writing is a regular part of an officer's job. Complete, factual, accurate, and detailed
reports can speed up an investigation while incomplete opinionated, inaccurate, distorted, or
misleading reports can impede it or even get it dismissed in the court on the basis of a technicality,
regardless of the facts. Police reports can make the difference between conviction and acquittal. Just
like any other skill in police work, writing effective police reports is a skill that must be learned and
practiced.

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

During the Test Construction and Development Seminar held at the Institute Training Group. Police
National Training Institute, Camp Gen. Vicente P. Lim, Calamba City on November 7, 2013, the Vice
President for Academics, PSUPT AMADOR B. NAVARROZA (Ret), MAED of the Philippine Public Safety
College revealed that police report writing in the PNP is problematic. Police officers write
ungrammatical, incorrect, incomplete, inaccurate, and distorted police reports. To be able to address
this concern in the PNP and other public safety agencies and to become instrumental in improving the
writing proficiency of police officers and public safety officers in the country, a study was conducted by
the author in March 2015 at the Institute Training Group entitled "Process Writing and Writing
Performance of Police Trainees in a Large Class Setting" Hence, this Police Report Writing (A Handbook
for Police Officers, Trainees, and Public Safety Students) was conceptualized based on the results of the
said study.

Since not all police officers and trainees who are accepted in the PNP are criminology graduates and
because even criminology graduates lack writing proficiency it is imperative that they are provided
training on how to write effective police reports. Language professors of the Philippine Public Safety
College (PPSC) including higher education institutions (HEls) should take this as a challenge. However,
for them to be successful in helping police officers and trainees become effective police report writers,
these language teachers should cho0se an effective writing strategy that will cover the major steps in
writing and provide learners with ample opportunities to write the various types of police reports. It is
also important to enrich their writing repertoire by providing them comprehensive lectures on what
police report writing is, its different types, elements, characteristics, and uses, otothers and provide
them with different types of actual police report writing activities to harness their writing skills to the
fullest

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

 II. LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

 Discuss the importance of police report writing
 Explain the different types of police report

III. CO
URS LESSON 1.1
E DEFINITION OF POLICE REPORT WRITING
CO
NTE
NT
According to the Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary (as cited by Gammage, 1961), a report is
an account of some subject specially investigated or an official statement of Facts. A police report is a
chronological or step-by-step account of an incident that transpired in a given time (Soriano, 2005).

Police reports may be written or oral; detailed or brief, simple or complex. They may be prepared by
anyone in the department from the chief to the patrolman on the beat. in any event, police reporting
has become one of the most significant processes in modern police operations. Reports result from
the fact that someone has asked for them and needs them for immediate or future use. They are
made to be read and used(Gammage, 1961).

Among the several methods of writing, narrative report writing is effective in writing police reports
where it presents the facts what actually occurred. The chronology of actions is properly arranged
according to the order of events. The report writer should follow the standard format prescribed by the
PNP.

Police officers, trainees, and students should be exposed to the different types of police report writing
to become abreast with the required competencies and standards of the PNP. Aside from the usual
police reports which they usually write, police officers, trainees, and students should also learn other
challenging forms of police report writing which will allow them to analyze places of evidence and
validate authenticity of information in order to prosecute offenders. One type of writing which allows
the police officers, trainees, and students to use higher-order thinking skills to transmit information is
police report writing

LESSON 1.2
PURPOSES OF POLICE REPORT WRITING
Just like other written public documents, police reports should be written efficiently because it has
the following purposes (PNP Standard Operating Procedure No. 2012-01):

1. To serve as the official document and permanent record of incidents in the community

2. To compile statistical information and identify problems in the community

3 To facilitate investigations, prepare and defend court cases including prosecution of offenders; and

4. To ldentify training needs of the members of the Philippine National Police.

LESSON 1.3
IMPORTANT USES OF POLICE REPORT WRITING

Just ike other forms of writing. police report writing has the following important Uses (Soriano, 2005):

1. Serve as records for police administrators in planning, directing. and organizing the unit's duties
and functions;

2. Use as legal documents in the prosecution of offenders;

3. Use as basis by law enforcement agencies and other government and private organizations.
EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE
4. Provide information to the media which need access to public documents

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

5. Be a basis for research; and

6. Reflect the competence and personality of the police writer regarding his written work.

LESSON 1.4
CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EFFECTIVE POLICE REPORT WRITING

1. Accurate and Specific-Police reports should be accurate and specific. Accurate means not only being
exact, but also non-commission oft errors. Words presented must be precise and correct. The report
must be tree from mistakes Or errors.

Akin to accuracy is specificity. The use of specific words in conveying ideas most clearly to the readers is
very important.

In order to achieve accuracy and specificity, all forms of correspondences and reports should be
thoroughly edited in spelling, punctuation , standard format, sentence structure, mechanics, and
grammar, and among others.

2. Brief and Concise- Police reports should be brief and concise. This means that reports should be
short or economy of words. Use necessary words only as you retain the natural tone of your sentences.
Superiors are always busy and they do not have the luxury of time reading wordy and long reports.
Conversely, being brief and concise does not mean deleting important words to make your report
short, but write forcefully when using three or more words where only one word is sufficient Good
writers impress their readers with ideas, not words. In order to make your reports brief and concise,
avoid the use of redundant or superfluity, jargons, triteness, and misleading euphemisms, among
others (See Module 2 for reference).

3. Clear and Complete- Police reports should be clear and complete. This means that the report is free
from Conclusion and ambiguity, and is easily understood. The report should include all necessary
information such as the 5Ws and 1H (Who, what, when, where, Why, and how) report including
attachments, enclosures and results of medico-legal and other examinations released by the PNP Crime
Laboratory and other PNP recognize hospitals and organizations.

Moreover, this also means that the idea in the mind of the sender should correspond to the idea
formed in the mind of the message receiver. any incongruence in the interpretation of the message
between the sender and the receiver results to miscommunication.

In order to achieve clarity and completeness, use simple words to assure understanding. Avoid also the
use of general words, abstract words, weak phrases, gender-biased words, unwittingly language
transference, colloquialism, and slang. among others. Finally, provide the necessary information and
pertinent documents required to support the facts.

4. Factual and Objective

Police reports should be factual and objective. The report contains only facts, not hearsays. A fact is a
thing that has actually happened or that is really true. Being objective is not injecting his/her own bias
or prejudice into the report. The police writer should be fair and impartial in conducting Investigation
and gathering facts and pieces of evidence. To do this, the police writer may properly quote statements
from sources without adding prejudices and conclusions.

In order to be factual and objective, focus on the facts. Avoid getting opinions and personal judgments
in order not to be partial and subjective.

5. Well-organized and Grammatically Correct

Police reports should be well-organized and grammatically correct. Chronological order is usually used in
organizing and writing the facts in police

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

Reports. It is also important to follow the standard format and required specifications prescribed by
the PNP Such as official font style which is Arial and font size is 12 including quality paper, proper and
clean printing, format, spacing margin, and indention, among others.

Police reports, on the other hand, should also be grammatically correct. Aside from the fact that the
report is written using the proper form and arrangement of words and sentence structures, It should
also be edited before submitting to the higher authorities. Avoid also the use of full uppercase or full
lowercase all throughout the document especially IT t is not necessary to do so.

In order to achieve that, follow proper rules in police report writing including standard format
specifications. Before you submit your report, you let someone check the grammar, sentence
structures, spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and content of the report, among others.

LESSON 1.5
TYPES OF POLICE REPORT

This provides the most common types of Polico Reports used in the PNP.

Police Blotter
Police Blotter refers to a logbook that contains the daily registry of all crime incident reports, official
summaries of arrest, and other signicant ovents reported in a police station (PNP Police Operational
Procedures 2013).

Spot Report
Spot Report refers to the initial report written by a police officer after an important incident and
submitted immediately to higher authorities for further investigation and appropriate action.
Progress Report
Progress Report refers to a folloW-up report submitted by a police officer after conducting further
investigation of a paricular incident Progress report can simply be an accomplishment report which may
be analytical and may be comparatively longer than a spot report.

Final Report
Final Repot refers to an accomplishment report written by a police officer after the investigation is
completed and the case has been filed against the suspect/s. In some cases, progress report can also be
the final report especially if the investigation has been terminated at that level.

After Operation Report

After Operation Report refers to a report that may be rendered after any successful police operation
that leads to the arrest of any member or some members of syndicated crime group (PNP DIDM
Criminal Investigation Manual 2011).

Investigation Report
Investigation Report refers to a report such as in criminal investigations. The arrangement of the parts
follows a specitic pattern to be easily found and read.

The format is similar to a memorandum format except the text or body should have the following parts:
AUTHORITY, MATTERS INVESTIGATED, FACTS OF THE CASE, DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS, and
RECOMMENDATIONS. The parts are capitalized followed by a colon (). Paragraphs are numbered
consecutively using Arabic numbers such as 1, 2, 3, and 4, among others.

The investigator signs the report. On top of the letterhead and on the lower fold of the paper, the word
CONFIDENTIAL is typed or stamped (Soriano, 2005).

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

 Situational Report
Situational Report (SITREP) refers to a report which is done on a need basis. it contains the actual
situation on a particular incident or incidents which are on public interest This is primarily addressed to
the commander or chief for him to know the actual situation before the media and the public is
informed.

A SITREP may be done every hour, every 6 hours, or every 8 hours depending on the situation. During
peaceful and ordinary days, a SiTREP is not necessary.
Beat Inspection Report
Beat Inspection Report refers to a report that is submitted daily by any duty officer after his/her routine
check on foot.
After Patrol Report
After Patrol Report refers to a report which is submitted by assigned sector using official vehicles and is
signed by the team leader.

A. ASSESSMENT
ESSAY: Read each question very carefully. Answer legibly, clearly and concisely. Write
your answer on a yellow pad paper. (30 POINTS) Do not write anything at the back of
your answer sheet. You may use another sheet of paper until completed. Submit it
personally to the CJJE OFFICE/FACULTY on FEB.5, 2022. or contact me in my
messenger account @ [email protected] if you have a question. Good
luck!
1. As a future police officer or public safety officer, in not less than 150 words discuss the
importance of report writing in your career and create a title for your essay?
2. Pass an example of at least 5 types of police report from the internet or from the police station
in your area?

B. REFERENCES
 PALIGAT ERIC P. “Police Report Writing (a hand book for Police officers, Trainees, and
Public Safety Students)” FPR Publishing, 2015

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

 St. Louis College of Bulanao
Purok 6, Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga 3800

This module is a requirement of the St. Louis College of Bulanao in response to the
implementation of the Blended Learning way of Instruction.

This Learning Material is a property of the College of Criminal Justice Education – St.
Louis College of Bulanao, Tabuk City. It aims to improve students’ performance specifically in
the Criminology Education.

Date of Development : January, 2022

Resource Location : Bulanao, Tabuk City
Learning Area : CDI 13 (TECHNICAL ENGLISH 1)
Learning Resource Type : Module1

General Instruction/s:

The module introduces what Police Report, purposes of police report writing, important uses of
police report writing, and characteristics of effective police report writing. Series of activities
will encourage you to explore and learn about the topic. Through this module, the following
instruction/s should be followed.

1. This module is exclusively for SLCB students only.

2. Reproduction and use of this module for any purpose is strictly prohibited, unless with
the written permission from SLCB.
3. You may use this module for any acceptable purposes.

ENGLISH I
EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE
 LESSON IV
POLICE BLOTTER AND POLICE REPORT WRITING

I. INTRODUCTION

Writing is one of the most indispensable skills that a learner should develop to be able to express his or
her ideas effectively. It is a Skill that every student should master for efficient expression of ideas
Similarly, this skill is needed in all types of professions and jobs especially because communication is a
vital component of any endeavour.

Proficiency in writing is required not only of civilians but also of uniformed personnel such as police
officers who are considered the premier law enforcers in the country. They write police reports
during their day-to-day activity. it is imperative then that they master writing to come up with an
effective police report considered the life blood of police work.

Police report writing is a regular part of an officer's job. Complete, factual, accurate, and detailed
reports can speed up an investigation while incomplete opinionated, inaccurate, distorted, or
misleading reports can impede it or even get it dismissed in the court on the basis of a technicality,
regardless of the facts. Police reports can make the difference between conviction and acquittal. Just
like any other skill in police work, writing effective police reports is a skill that must be learned and
practiced.

During the Test Construction and Development Seminar held at the Institute Training Group. Police
National Training Institute, Camp Gen. Vicente P. Lim, Calamba City on November 7, 2013, the Vice
President for Academics, PSUPT AMADOR B. NAVARROZA (Ret), MAED of the Philippine Public Safety
College revealed that police report writing in the PNP is problematic. Police officers write
ungrammatical, incorrect, incomplete, inaccurate, and distorted police reports. To be able to address
this concern in the PNP and other public safety agencies and to become instrumental in improving the
writing proficiency of police officers and public safety officers in the country, a study was conducted by
the author in March 2015 at the Institute Training Group entitled "Process Writing and Writing
Performance of Police Trainees in a Large Class Setting" Hence, this Police Report Writing (A Handbook
for Police Officers, Trainees, and Public Safety Students) was conceptualized based on the results of the
said study.

Since not all police officers and trainees who are accepted in the PNP are criminology graduates and
because even criminology graduates lack writing proficiency it is imperative that they are provided
training on how to write effective police reports. Language professors of the Philippine Public Safety
College (PPSC) including higher education institutions (HEls) should take this as a challenge. However,
for them to be successful in helping police officers and trainees become effective police report
writers, these language teachers should cho0se an effective writing strategy that will cover the major
steps in writing and provide learners with ample opportunities to write the various types of police
reports. It is also important to enrich their writing repertoire by providing them comprehensive
lectures on what police report writing is, its different types, elements, characteristics, and uses,
among others and provide them with different types of actual police report writing activities to
harness their writing skills to the fullest

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

II. LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

 Explain what is Police blotter and its contents
 Explain the content of the police blotter involving children and women
III. COURSE CONTENT
LESSON 4.1
WHAT IS POLICE BLOTTER

 A written record of arrests and other occurrence maintained by the Police.

 The report kept by the police when a suspect is booked, which involves the
written recording of facts about the person’s arrest and charges against the
person.

LESSON 4.2
MAINTENANCE OF A POLICE BLOTTER
Each PNP operating unit shall maintain an official police blotter where all types of
Operational and undercover dispatches shall be recorded containing the five
"W’s" (who, what, where, when, and why) and one "H" (how) of an information.

A Police Blotter is a logbook that contains the daily registry of all crime incident
reports, official summaries of arrest, and other significant events reported in a
police station (PNP Police Operational Procedures 2013).

LESSON 4.3
POLICE BLOTTER FOR CASES INVOLVING WOMEN AND
CHILDREN CONTENT OF THE POLICE BLOTTER ENTRY
A separate Police Blotter, however, shall be maintained for crime incident reports
involving violence against women and children and those cases involving a child in
conflict with the law to protect their privacy pursuant to Republic Act (RA) 9262
(Anti-Violence Against Women and Children Act of 2004) and RA 9344 (Juvenile
Justice and Welfare Act of 2006), respectively (PNP Police Operational Procedures
2013).

CONTENTS OF THE POLICE BLOTTER ENTRY

The entries in the Police Blotter should answer the following:

1. Who
2. What
3. Where
4. When
5. Why
6. How
7. Dispostion of the Case

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

 ENTRY DATE TIME INCIDENTS/EVENTS DISPOSITION
NO.
2015-069 6-10-2015 8:10 AM At the stated date and time For referral
an alleged the
Shooting incidents Investigation
transpired along national
Highway, Brgy. Bucal, Section
Calamb City, Laguna,
Upon receipt of
information, the operatives
of
This office responded
immediately to the crime
Scene. The victim was
identified as Romeo
S. Tigasin, 38 years old,
married, carpenter,
And a resident of Brgy.
Halang, this city,
The suspect left
immediately after the
Commission of crime
heading toward
Unknown direction. The
victim was brought to
The nearest hospital at JP
Rizal Memorial
Hospital for medication.

A. ASSESSMENT
(Answer eligibly clearly and concisely on a whole sheet of pad paper pass it on TO BE
ANNOUNCE at the CCJE office or contact me in my messenger account @ EZRA RIZLE
GRAMAJE for any questions.)

1. Discuss what are the contents of a police blotter?

2. REFERENCES
 ERIC P. PALIGAT “POLICE REPORT WRITING” FPR publishing 2015
 MERCEDES A. FARONDA “Technical English 1” Wiseman’s books trading Inc. 2021

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

 St. Louis College of Bulanao
Purok 6, Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga 3800

This module is a requirement of the St. Louis College of Bulanao in response to the
implementation of the Blended Learning way of Instruction.

This Learning Material is a property of the College of Criminal Justice Education – St.
Louis College of Bulanao, Tabuk City. It aims to improve students’ performance specifically in
the Criminology Education.

Date of Development : January, 2021

Resource Location : Bulanao, Tabuk City
Learning Area : CDI 13 (TECHNICAL ENGLISH 1)
Learning Resource Type : Module 4

General Instruction/s:

The module introduces what is criminal investigation, the three tools of criminal investigation, the
four method of investigation, sketching the crime scene and crime reconstruction. Series of
activities will encourage you to explore and learn about the topic. Through this module, the
following instruction/s should be followed.

1. This module is exclusively for SLCB students only.

2. Reproduction and use of this module for any purpose is strictly prohibited, unless with
the written permission from SLCB.
3. You may use this module for any acceptable purposes.

St. Louis College of Bulanao

Purok 6, Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga 3800

TITLE/TOPIC
TECHNICAL ENGLISH I
LESSON V
POLICE BLOTTER AND POLICE REPORT WRITING

I. INTRODUCTION

Writing is one of the most indispensable skills that a learner should develop to be able to express his or
her ideas effectively. It is a Skill that every student should master for efficient expression of ideas
Similarly, this skill is needed in all types of professions and jobs especially because communication is a
vital component of any endeavour.

Proficiency in writing is required not only of civilians but also of uniformed personnel such as police
officers who are considered the premier law enforcers in the country. They write police reports during
their day-to-day activity. it is imperative then that they master writing to come up with an effective
police report considered the life blood of police work.

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

Police report writing is a regular part of an officer's job. Complete, factual, accurate, and detailed reports
can speed up an investigation while incomplete opinionated, inaccurate, distorted, or misleading reports
can impede it or even get it dismissed in the court on the basis of a technicality, regardless of the facts.
Police reports can make the difference between conviction and acquittal. Just like any other skill in police
work, writing effective police reports is a skill that must be learned and practiced.

During the Test Construction and Development Seminar held at the Institute Training Group. Police
National Training Institute, Camp Gen. Vicente P. Lim, Calamba City on November 7, 2013, the Vice
President for Academics, PSUPT AMADOR B. NAVARROZA (Ret), MAED of the Philippine Public Safety
College revealed that police report writing in the PNP is problematic. Police officers write ungrammatical,
incorrect, incomplete, inaccurate, and distorted police reports. To be able to address this concern in the
PNP and other public safety agencies and to become instrumental in improving the writing proficiency of
police officers and public safety officers in the country, a study was conducted by the author in March
2015 at the Institute Training Group entitled "Process Writing and Writing Performance of Police
Trainees in a Large Class Setting" Hence, this Police Report Writing (A Handbook for Police Officers,
Trainees, and Public Safety Students) was conceptualized based on the results of the said study.

Since not all police officers and trainees who are accepted in the PNP are criminology graduates and
because even criminology graduates lack writing proficiency it is imperative that they are provided
training on how to write effective police reports. Language professors of the Philippine Public Safety
College (PPSC) including higher education institutions (HEls) should take this as a challenge. However,
for them to be successful in helping police officers and trainees become effective police report writers,
these language teachers should cho0se an effective writing strategy that will cover the major steps in
writing and provide learners with ample opportunities to write the various types of police reports. It is
also important to enrich their writing repertoire by providing them comprehensive lectures on what
police report writing is, its different types, elements, characteristics, and uses, among others and
provide them with different types of actual police report writing activities to harness their writing skills
to the fullest

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

 II. LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

 Explain what is Police blotter and its contents
 Explain the content of the police blotter involving children and women
III. COURSE CONTENT
LESSON 5.1
THE 5 W’S AND 1 H OF POLICE REPORT
WHO
These questions include the complete and correct name of all those who were involved in the incident
such as the victim/s, suspect/s, witness/es and whosoever may be listed as present during the incident,
or may not be present, but have Knowledge about the said incident. The wrong name results in failure
to locate a witness or apprehend a suspect. The spelling should be correct including the middle name,
exact home address/es whether residence or hotel, telephone number, cellular phone number, and
other contact details (Soriano,2005).

1. Who was the victim?

2. Who was the complainant?
3. Who discovered the crime?
4. Who saw or heard anything of importance?
5. Who had a motive for committing the crime?
6. Who committed the crime?
7. Who helped in the commission of the crime?
8. Who had access to the means for committing the crime?
9. Who worked on the case?
10.who had access to the crime scene?
11.Who searched for, identified, and gathered the
evidence? 12.To whom did they turn over the evidence?
13. With whom did the victim associate?
14. With whom did the suspect
associate? 15.With whom was the victim
last seen?
16. With whom the witness/es associate 7
17.With whom did the suspect commit the
crime?

WHAT
These questions are directed to the crime being committed. Police reports sometime indicate the crime
committed based on the Revised Penal Code (RPC) like Murder, Homicide, or Rape, among others. In
initial reports such as Spot Report, which does not require a thorough investigation yet, this is not
essential.

A report of a "Shooting Incident may be sufficient. It is the duty of the Investigator-on-Case to determine
what crime was committed. What is more important is to present the detailed facts and circumstances
of what happened (PNP SOP No. 2012-001; Soriano, 2005).

1. What type of property was attacked, e,g. building, residence, car, etc?
2. What type of property was stolen, lost, or found? What items related to the crime were found at
the crime Scene? An accurate description of all such property should be entered in the report.
3. What felony/offense/infraction was committed, e.g. murder, homicide, rape physical injuries,
robbery, theft, or violation of special laws such as RA 7610, RA 9262, etc.?
4, What type of evidence was found or recovered?
5. What was the crime committed?
6. what are the elements or the crime?

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

7.What actions were performed by the suspect/s before and after the crime?
8. What actually happened?

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

9. What do the witness/es say and Know?
10. What evidence was obtained?
11.what was done with the
evidence?
12. What tools/weapons were used in the commission of the crime?
13. What did the officers take?
14. What further action should be taken?
15. What knowledge, skill, or strength was needed to commit the
crime? 16.What other agencies were or need to be notified?
17. What type of transportation was used
18. What was the motive or suspected motive for the crime?
19. What other crime/s could be associated with this one?

WHERE
These questions are concerned with the geographical location of the crime Scene, property. or evidence.
Describe in detail where the incident exactly happened, e.g. "In the master's bedroom of a twO-storey
brick house located at 69 Rizal Street, Villa de Calamba, Brgy. Halang. Calamba City, Laguna" (PNP SOP
No. 2012-001; Soriano, 2005).

1. Where was the crime committed?

2. Where was the crime discovered?
3. Where was the entry made?
4. Where was the exit made?
5. Where were the tools that were used in the crime obtained?
6. Where was the Victim found?
7. Where was the suspect seen during the crime?
8. Where was the victim last seen?
9. Where was the suspect last seen?
10.Where were the witnesses during the crime?
11.Where did the suspect live and where does he live
now? 12.Where is the suspect now?
13.Where is the suspect likely to go?
14.Where was the evidence marked?
15.Where was the evidence found'?
16.Where was the evidence stored?

WHEN
These questions include the date and time when the felony/offense/infraction was committed, property
found, suspect apprehended, etc. (Soriano, 2005)

1. When was the crime committed?

2. When was it discovered?
3. When did they report the crime?
4. When did the officers and investigators arrive at the crime scene?
5. When was the victim last seen?
6. When was the arrest made?
7. When will a complaint be signed?
8. When did the witness hear anything unusual?
9. When did they contact the witness/es

WHY
These questions provide the object or desire which motivated the commission of the crime. In crimes
against persons, the usual object includes revenge, ransom and sexual pleasure, among others. In crimes
against property, the reason may be to acquire money and property (Soriano, 2005).

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

 1. Why was the crime committed?
2. Why were certain tools/weapons used?
3. Why was the crime reported?
4. Why was the crime reported late?
5. Why were the witnesses reluctant to give information?
6. Why is the suspect lying?

7. Why did the perpetrators prefer that time and day to commit the crime?

HOW

These questions pertain to the manner in which the crime was committed. The narrative on how the
incident happened shall be indicated to show the description of the chronology of events that led to the
incident and all the circumstances thereafter. The actions taken during the initial investigation at the
scene shall also be included. This shall include the weather, lighting. sounds, activities in the vicinity of
the incident, a description of the circumstances prevailing before, during, and after the incident and all
other peculiar details that come to the senses of the trained police responder, There is no limit to what
to include in the "How portion of the narrative (PNP SOP No. 2012-001; Soriano, 2005).

1. How was the crime committed?

2. How did the suspects get to the scene?
3. How did the suspect/s leave the scene?
4. How did the perpetrator obtain the information necessary to commit the crime?
5. How was the crime discovered?
6. How were the tools/weapons for the crime obtained?
7. How were the tools/weapons used?
8. How was the crime reported?
9. How much damage was done?
10.How much property or money was taken?
11.How much known information is being
withheld?

LESSON 5.2
CRIME INCIDENT REPORTING SYSTEM (CIRS)
Each operating unit shall also maintain and utilize the PNP Crime Incident
reporting System (CIRS), an electronic reporting system that facilitates Crime
documentation, modernizes data storage, and provides quick and reliable
information from lower units and NOSUs of the PNP to the National headquarters
at Camp Crame, Quezon City. This is also known as electronic blotter or popularly
known as "e-blotter (PNP Police Operational Proceduro5 2010)
A. ASSESSMENT
(Answer eligibly clearly and concisely on a whole sheet of pad paper pass it on TO BE
ANNOUNCE at the CCJE office or contact me in my messenger account @ EZRA RIZLE
GRAMAJE for any questions.)

 From the given examples of a police blotter identify the 5 W’s and 1 H.
 Make five examples of a police blotter and identify the 5W’s and 1 H.

B. REFERENCES
 ERIC P. PALIGAT “POLICE REPORT WRITING” FPR publishing 2015
 MERCEDES A. FARONDA “Technical English 1” Wiseman’s books trading Inc. 2021

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

 St. Louis College of Bulanao
Purok 6, Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga 3800

This module is a requirement of the St. Louis College of Bulanao in response to the
implementation of the Blended Learning way of Instruction.

This Learning Material is a property of the College of Criminal Justice Education – St.
Louis College of Bulanao, Tabuk City. It aims to improve students’ performance specifically in
the Criminology Education.

Date of Development : January, 2021

Resource Location : Bulanao, Tabuk City
Learning Area : CDI 13 (TECHNICAL ENGLISH 1)
Learning Resource Type : Module 5

General Instruction/s:

The module introduces what is criminal investigation, the three tools of criminal investigation, the
four method of investigation, sketching the crime scene and crime reconstruction. Series of
activities will encourage you to explore and learn about the topic. Through this module, the
following instruction/s should be followed.

1. This module is exclusively for SLCB students only.

2. Reproduction and use of this module for any purpose is strictly prohibited, unless with
the written permission from SLCB.
3. You may use this module for any acceptable purposes.

St. Louis College of Bulanao

Purok 6, Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga 3800

TITLE/
TOPIC
TECHNICAL
ENGLISH I
LESSON VI
POLICE BLOTTER AND POLICE
REPORT WRITING
I. INTRODUCTION

Writing is one of the most indispensable skills that a learner should develop to be able to express his or
her ideas effectively. It is a Skill that every student should master for efficient expression of ideas
Similarly, this skill is needed in all types of professions and jobs especially because communication is a
vital component of any endeavour.

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

Proficiency in writing is required not only of civilians but also of uniformed personnel such as police
officers who are considered the premier law enforcers in the country. They write police reports during
their day-to-day activity. it is imperative then that they master writing to come up with an effective
police report considered the life blood of police work.

Police report writing is a regular part of an officer's job. Complete, factual, accurate, and detailed
reports can speed up an investigation while incomplete opinionated, inaccurate, distorted, or
misleading reports can impede it or even get it dismissed in the court on the basis of a technicality,
regardless of the facts. Police reports can make the difference between conviction and acquittal. Just
like any other skill in police work, writing effective police reports is a skill that must be learned and
practiced.

During the Test Construction and Development Seminar held at the Institute Training Group. Police
National Training Institute, Camp Gen. Vicente P. Lim, Calamba City on November 7, 2013, the Vice
President for Academics, PSUPT AMADOR B. NAVARROZA (Ret), MAED of the Philippine Public Safety
College revealed that police report writing in the PNP is problematic. Police officers write
ungrammatical, incorrect, incomplete, inaccurate, and distorted police reports. To be able to address
this concern in the PNP and other public safety agencies and to become instrumental in improving the
writing proficiency of police officers and public safety officers in the country, a study was conducted by
the author in March 2015 at the Institute Training Group entitled "Process Writing and Writing
Performance of Police Trainees in a Large Class Setting" Hence, this Police Report Writing (A Handbook
for Police Officers, Trainees, and Public Safety Students) was conceptualized based on the results of the
said study.

Since not all police officers and trainees who are accepted in the PNP are criminology graduates and
because even criminology graduates lack writing proficiency it is imperative that they are provided
training on how to write effective police reports. Language professors of the Philippine Public Safety
College (PPSC) including higher education institutions (HEls) should take this as a challenge. However,
for them to be successful in helping police officers and trainees become effective police report writers,
these language teachers should cho0se an effective writing strategy that will cover the major steps in
writing and provide learners with ample opportunities to write the various types of police reports. It is
also important to enrich their writing repertoire by providing them comprehensive lectures on what
police report writing is, its different types, elements, characteristics, and uses, among others and
provide them with different types of actual police report writing activities to harness their writing skills
to the fullest

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

II. LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

 Explain what is Police blotter and its contents
 Explain the content, purpose and its important of the police blotter
 Explain what is police report ant its contents
III. COURSE CONTENT
LESSON 6
HOW DO YOU DEFINE POLICE REPORT?
1. Police Report is any written matter prepared by the Police involving their inter action with
the community.
2. Police Report is an exact narration of facts discovered during the course of crime
investigation which serves as a permanent written record for future reference.
3. Police Report is a permanent written record of police activities classified as informal and
formal which communicates important facts concerning people involved in criminal activities.
4. Require students to go to the Police in their area of responsibility and request for a
photocopy of police report. Each student must have a copy and submit individually those
reports. Some will be reported in front of the class and the teacher will discuss it lengthly
WHAT ARE THE PURPOSES OF POLICE REPORTS?
1. Written report to serve as the raw materials from which records system are made.
2. Written report to reveal as part of the component of the record system,the direct
relationship between the efficiency of the department and the quality of its reports and
reporting procedures.
3. Written report to guide police administrators for policy formulation and decision making.
4. Written report to serve as a gauge/yardstick for efficiency evaluation of police officers.
5. Written report to guide prosecutors and courts in the trial of criminal cases investigated by
the police.

WHAT IS A POLICE REPORT?

According to Dr. Oscar Soriano, report is basically a story of actions performed by man. A police report is
a chronological or step-by-step account of an accident that transpired in a given time, at a given place. It
is also defined as an account of an investigation, of an official statement of facts. Police reports result
from the fact that someone has asked for them and needs them for immediate or future use. In any
event, police reporting has become one of the most significant processes in modern police operations.

WHAT ARE THE IMPORTANT USES OF REPORT WRITING?

1. Reports serve as records for police administration in planning, directing, and organizing
the unit's duties.
2. Reports can be used as legal documents in the prosecution of criminals.
3. Reports are utilized by other agencies.
4. Reports can be useful to tri-media for public information purposes.

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 5. Reports can be utilized for research purposes.
6. Reports improve the personality of the writer.

WHAT ARE THE CRITERIA TO BE CONSIDERED IN REPORT

WRITING?
The Language
1. Clarity
2. Accuracy
3. Brevity
4. Specificity
5. Completeness
6. Timeliness
7. Security
8. Impartiality
According to the book of Dr. Oscar Soriano, One of the most basic considerations of report writing is
the language used. Direct-to-the-point words are essential to good police report writing. Use of specific
words also contributes to factual police reports. Every complete sentence must have at least one
subject and one predicate. Diction refers to the manner and style of expression in words.

It is almost always necessary to use a paragraph in any narrative report. A paragraph is simply a
warning to the reader that a change in thought is about to occur, or that a new subject to be explored.
The report should be complete, easily understood, brief and accurate.

1. Clarity - The police report must be clear and it should be written directly and easy to understand.

2.Accuracy- The police report must conform with the established rules of syntax, format, spelling
and grammar. The data presented must be precise and the information given must be factual.

3. Brevity- The police report must be short, with simple sentences, common words and easy
to understand.

4.Specificity- The police report must be specific by using concrete examples. A good descriptive
narration gives life to the written words through particular terms that project hues,
movements, quantities and shapes.

5. Completeness -The police report must be complete by using the 5W's and 1H.
6. Timeliness- The police report must be submitted on time.As much as possible immediately
after the incident has happened.
7. Security - The police report must be considered classified, hence, transmission, handling, and
access to these reports should be limited only to police personnel who are granted by higher
authority security clearance. It is a top secret document.
8. Impartiality - The police report must know what the receiving office needs to know.
Important data must not be omitted or added to conceal responsibilities, to impute liabilities or
to favor parties.

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 WHAT IS NEEDED IN PREPARING AND WRITING A REPORT?
The police writer will make an outline from the facts of the case and follow a chronological
sequence. After an outline has been identified they will make sure that their notes will be organized
and reviewed first for completeness prior to the actual writing of the report. The outline should
answer the 5Ws and 1H the facts presented in Report Writing should prove the importance of police
report. The real answer lies in the quality of the result of accomplishment and basic principles. The
police reports are from simple, brief memorandum to a complex. Formal investigation requires the
application of basic standards such as clear, pertinent, brief, complete, current, accurate, fair,
properly classified, informative, and objective. It should be submitted in proper format and should
be on time.

WHAT ARE THE TWO (2) TYPES OF POLICE REPORT?

(Allen Z. Gammage, Basic Police Report Writing,Sacramento, California, UISA)

1. An informal report usually is a letter or memorandum or any one of many prescribed or

used in day-by-day police operations. It customarily carries three items besides the text
proper; date submitted, subject, and persons or person to whom submitted. It may,
however, contain many items of administrative importance along with the subject matter of
the text. Actually, most police reports may be placed in this category.
2. A formal report suggests a full-dress treatment, including cover, title page, letter of
transmittal, summary sheet, text, appendixes, and perhaps an index and bibliography.
WHAT ARE THE CLASSIFICATIONS OF POLICE REPORT?
a. Performance report which contains information as to the status of an activity, activities,
or operations.
b. Fact-finding report which involves the gathering and presentation of data in logical order,
without an attempt to draw conclusions.
c. Technical report which presents data on a specialized subject.
d. Problem-determining report which attempts to find the causes underlying a problem or
to find whether or not a problem really exists.

c. Problem solution report which analyzes the thought process that lies behind the solution
of a particular problem.
HOW ARE POLICE REPORTS CATEGORIZED?
a. Operational Reports include those relating to the reporting of police incidents,
investigation, arrests, identification of persons, and a mass of miscellaneous reports
necessary to the conduct of routine police operations.
b. Internal Business Reports relate to the reporting necessary to the management of the
agency and include financial reports, personnel reports, purchase reports, equipment
reports, property maintenance reports, and general correspondence.
c. Technical Reports presents data on any specialized subject, but usually relate to
completed staff work and add to the specific knowledge necessary to proper functioning of
police management.
d. Summary Reports furnish intelligence information necessary to the solution of crime
accident, and police administrative problems...

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 Finally, Dr. Gammage, in concluding his classification on the types of police reports emphasized that
his book-Basic Police Report Writing, is directed and centered only on the category of operational
reports; that these reports are the raw materials from which administrative reports are derived-
that in directing efforts toward improving these reports, he believes that the whole of the reporting
process can be improved.

ANATOMY OF CRIME as explained by Commissioner Dir.Gen.Miguel Coronel. WHAT

ARE THE ELEMENTS FOR A CRIME TO HAPPEN?
"For any crime to happen, there are three (3) elements or ingredients that must be present at the
same time and place. These are the MOTIVES, the INSTRUMENTALITIES and the OPPORTUNITIES.
The motives are the reasons or causes why a person or groups of persons perpetuate a crime.
Examples are disputes, economic gain, jealousy, revenge, insanity, and thrill. Intoxication, drug
addiction and many others.

The Instrumentalities are the means or instruments used in the commission of the crime. It could be
firearm, a bolo, a fan knife, an icepick, poison or obnoxious substance, a crow bar, a battery-
operated hand drill for carnapping, motor vehicle, etc. Both the Motives and instrumentalities
belong to and are harbored and wielded respectively by the criminal.

The opportunities consist of the acts of omission and/or commission by a person (the victim) which
enable another person or group of persons (the criminal/s) to perpetrate the crime .Illustrative
examples include leaving one's home or car unattended for a long time, walking all alone in a well-
known crime prone alley, wearing expensive jewelries in slum area, readily admitting a stranger into
one's residence and the like. Opportunity is synonymous with carelessness, acts of indiscretion and
lack of crime prevention- consciousness on the part of the victim.

Whether the crime incident would happen or not, it will depend on the presence and merging of
MOTIVES, INSTRUMENTALITIES and OPPORTUNITIES at the same time and the same place. The
absence of any one ingredient, out of the three, will mean that there shall be no crime. The most
that could happen is an accident arising out of reckless imprudence; since there is no motive. A
freak crime incident shall occur when all the three elements are present and merged at the same
time and the same place; but the victim is not the intended one, due to mistaken identity.”

WHAT ARE NOTEBOOKS AND JOURNAL ENTRIES FOR?

The notebook is one of the basic piece equipment which a number of policemen now a days fail
to appreciate and utilize. The notebook shall be playing a significant role as all subsequent actions
expected of the Police Community Precincts Commander (and even personnel from higher
headquarters) will depend on matters recorded in the notebook which eventually will have to be
reflected in the PBS journal.

Journals exclusively for the PBS shall be maintained at each Police Community Precincts. While
recording matters in the journal shall be the individual responsibility of every Beat Policeman, taking
action and reporting matters reflected therein shall be the duty of the Police Community Precincts
Commander.

Entries in both the notebook and the journal shall answer the basic questions of WHAT,
WHO,WHEN,WHERE,WHY and HOW of an incident or problem encountered by a Beat Policeman
particularly those problems to be discussed as you get along with the problems you encountered.

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 WHAT IS POLICE REPORT WRITING FORM?
Every agency has its own forms and procedures for completing operational reports. But there is a
standard format on how to prepare a report that is simple yet complete.

We have what do you call a basic or informal report that deals with the ordinary miscellaneous, day
to day memorandum, letter, or form accomplished by any member of the unit, section,
precinct/station or department in accordance with the prescribe general orders, special order,
circulars, numbered memoranda.
WHAT ARE THE CONTENTS OF THE BASIC OR INFORMAL
REPORT?
a. The heading or the letter head of the organization
b. The date of preparation or submission.
c. The person or office to which it is addressed or submitted
d. The name of the writer or source of the report.
There are some exceptions to the rule such as but not limited to: reports of investigation on
administrative complaints and minor cases involving violation of city/municipal ordinances, basic or
informal reports are generally internal in nature. It seldom goes out of the department. What is a
report? it is a permanent written record which communicates all important facts of the case to be
used in the future.

wrote; Capt.Henry M. Wrobleski, Book for the Record: Report Writing in law Enforcement

HOW ARE THE LAW ENFORCEMENT REPORTS CLASSIFIED?

1. Administrative Reports

2. Operational Reports
Administrative reports deal with the routine functioning of the department or agency. Such reports
may cover proper uniform, reporting procedures, and grievances. This book is primarily concerned
with the second type of report, operational reports, which deal with the activities of the law
enforcement officers.
WHAT IS THE CONCEPT OF POLICE REPORT?
1. The common thinking about police report is any written matter prepared by the police
involving their interaction with the community.

2. A police report is an exact narration of facts discovered during the course of crime
investigation which serves as a permanent written record for future reference.
3. It is a permanent written record of police activities classified as informal and formal
which communicates important facts concerning people involved in criminal activities.
WHAT ARE THE FOUR (4)TYPES OF OPERATIONAL REPORTS?
1) Patrol Service Reports
2) Arrest Reports
3) Preliminary Investigation Reports
4) Supplemental Progress Reports/Follow-up Reports

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

 Now that we already understand the different types, and classification of reports, we will now
proceed to criminal investigation. Any person who understands police report writing cannot proceed
in writing a police report until after he had undergone criminal investigation training/ seminars and
he should be a member of the Philippine National Police.

AS INVESTIGATOR YOU SHOULD REMEMBER AND MEMORIZE

THE MIRANDA WARNING
1. YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TO REMAIN SILENT. Anything you say can be used against you in
court.
a. Do you understand and invoke your right to remain silent? Yes No
b. Understanding that right, do you wish to talk to me now? Yes No
2. YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TO AN ATTORNEY of your own choice and have him present
before and during questioning. if you cannot afford, one will be appointed free of charge to
represent you if you desire.
a. Do you understand, you have the right to an attorney of your own choice? Yes_ No
b. Understanding that right, do you wish to talk to me now? Yes No
(Name/signature of person under investigation)

Witnesses:

1. 2.

CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION REPORT WRITING

PURPOSES OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION REPORT
(as presented by Basilio G. Cael & Juan Agas in their book A Guide to Criminal Investigation)

Criminal investigation reports provide facts to competent authorities and serve as a record of
investigative activity; Criminal Investigation units are essentially responsible for collecting facts and
preparing written reports. Factual information are collected and reported on time to allow
immediate appropriate action.

WHAT ARE THE BASIC PURPOSES OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION

REPORTS?
a. To preserve knowledge/information about a case.
b. To provide accurate details about the case.
c. To aid other investigation and other agencies concerned. .
d. To coordinate investigation activities within the organization.
e. To serve as reference by competent authorities.
STYLE
All reports are written in such a manner that it clearly presents only the relevant facts. The
presentation of these facts must not be distorted or confused by the writer's manner of expression.
Clarity, accuracy and brevity are emphasized based on facts.

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 CRITERIA

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 Reports being permanent records of investigative efforts are subject to close scrutiny at all levels of
the police organization including other concerned agencies of the government. Reports must meet
certain standards or criteria, some of which are as follows:

a. Reports must not contain vague or unclear terms.

b. Reports must be original and correct in both composition and grammar.
c. Abbreviation must be used appropriately and correctly.
d. The use of slang, colloquialisms or unnecessary technical terms should be avoided.
e. Reports must not contain any erasures, or alterations.
f. If any correction is to be made, then it must be corrected by changing the entire page to
contain what is correct.
g. All duplicate copies of reports must be legible, clearly readable.
h. When necessary, duplicate copies of reports must be officially authenticated.
i. Contents of reports must be factual and devoid of bias or prejudice on the part of those
making the report.
WHAT ARE THE CARDINAL PRINCIPLES OF GOOD REPORT
WRITING?
A. ACCURACY- The writer or investigator must conform to the truth.
B. COMPLETENESS- This requires the inclusion of all relevant pertinent and
material information.
C. BREVITY- Eliminate all irrelevant, unessential and unnecessary materials.it includes
the ability to make the report unified, coherent and emphatic.
d. FAIRNESS- The investigator should take the facts as he finds them and if ever he has theories, it
must be consistent with these facts.

e. FORM and STYLE- The arrangement of the materials presented should be in a manner that will
make the report easy to read. Form includes proper paragraphing, proper underscoring, proper
capitulation and proper heading. The report should be written in the third person, the investigator
referring to himself as 'This investigator'.

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF REPORTS TO BE PREPARED?

INITIAL or PRELIMINARY REPORT- This is done as soon as complaint is received. Reporting process
begins when officer completes preliminary investigation report referred to as case report.

THE PRELIMINARY REPORT CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING:

1. The offense
2. Current date/time
3. Date and time of offense if known
4. Identification date pertaining to victim or other reporting party
5. Location of offense
6. Method of operation

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 7. Identification data pertaining to suspect(s)
8. Identification of officer(s)

A. REFERENCES
 By CHIEF SUPERINTENDENT MERCEDES A. FORONDA, (Ret) DPA, PhD. “Technical English
1” Wiseman’s books trading Inc. 2021

EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

 St. Louis College of Bulanao
Purok 6, Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga 3800

This module is a requirement of the St. Louis College of Bulanao in response to the
NO. Base Form Simple Past Past Particle implementation of the Blended Learning
1. Bite bit Bitten way of Instruction.
2. Begin Began begun
3. bleed Bled Bled This Learning Material is a
4. Breed bred Bred property of the College of Criminal Justice
5. Cast Cast Cast Education – St. Louis College of Bulanao,
6. Drive Drove Driven Tabuk City. It aims to improve students’
7. Flee Fled fled performance specifically in the
8. Fly Flew Flown Criminology Education.
9. Hang Hung Hung
10. Hurt Hurt Hurt Date of Development : January, 2021
11. Know Knew Known
Resource Location : Bulanao, Tabuk
12. Leave Left Left City
13. Lay Laid Laid
Learning Area : CDI 13 TECHNICAL
14. Ride Rode Ridden
ENGLISH 1
15. See saw Seen
Learning Resource Type : Module6
16. Sell Sold sold
17. Shoot shot Shot
18. Speak Spoke Spoken General
19. Speed sped Sped Instruction/s:
20. take Took Taken
The module introduces what is criminal investigation, the three tools of criminal investigation, the four
method of investigation, sketching the crime scene and crime reconstruction. Series of activities will
encourage you to explore and learn about the topic. Through this module, the following instruction/s should
be followed.

1. This module is exclusively for SLCB students only.

2. Reproduction and use of this module for any purpose is strictly prohibited, unless with the
written permission from SLCB.
3. You may use this module for any acceptable purposes.

NAME: PIMENTEL, HERSHEYKRIS G. DATE: 03-31-22

SECTION: BSCRIM2A RATE:

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EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE