DETAILED ENGINEERING ASSESSMENT REPORT OF BASEMENT+2-

STORIED RCC BUILDING-03 OF RUPA KNITWEAR (PVT) LTD &

RUPA FABRICS LTD.

(KUNIA, BOARDBAZAR, GAZIPUR)

Assessed By

Engr. Md. Mehedi Hasan

Lead Structural Engineer,
B.Sc. Engg. (Civil), BUET.
MIEB: 24748, DMINB: CE-0233

July, 2016

Office:
1st Floor (East), House #1/A, Road #10,
Nikunja-2, Dhaka-1229.
STHAPONA CONSULTANTS Phone: +880-2-8900838
Email: [email protected]
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..........................................................................................................1
1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................2
2 GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE BUILDING ...............................................................2
3 DESTRUCTIVE & NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING ..................................................3
3.1 EVALUATION OF CONCRETE STRENGTH FROM CORE TEST .................. 3
3.2 VERIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT USING FERRO-SCANNER &
REMOVING CONCRETE COVER .................................................................................. 4
4 ANALYSIS FOR STRUCTURAL ADEQUACY .............................................................5
4.1 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM .................................................................................................... 5
4.2 CODES AND PRACTICES .................................................................................................. 7
4.3 MATERIAL PROPERTY...................................................................................................... 7
4.4 LOADS ........................................................................................................................................ 8
4.4.1 Dead Loads .....................................................................................................................................................8
4.4.2 Live Load ........................................................................................................................................................8
4.4.3 Wind Load (W) .............................................................................................................................................8
4.4.4 Earthquake Load (E) ....................................................................................................................................9

4.5 METHOD OF ANALYSIS ................................................................................................... 9

4.6 LOADING AND LOAD COMBINATION ................................................................. 10
4.7 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS ........................................................................................... 11
4.8 APPLICATION OF LOAD AND ANALYSIS ........................................................... 12
5 EVALUATION OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS ........................................................ 14
5.1 CHECKING ADEQUACY OF FOUNDATION WITH 42 PSF LIVE LOAD 14
5.2 CHECKING ADEQUACY OF COLUMN WITH 42 PSF LIVE LOADING .. 17
5.3 CHECKING ADEQUACY OF BEAMS WITH 42 PSF LIVE LOAD ............... 23
6 CHECKING FOR SWAY & STORY STIFFNESS ...................................................... 25
7 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................ 26
8 RECOMMENDATION ......................................................................................................... 26
9 DISCLAIMER ......................................................................................................................... 26

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List of Figures
Figure 2.1: Location of the Building (Source: Google Earth) ........................................... 2

Figure 3.1: Ferro-Scan Locations ...................................................................................... 4

Figure 4.1.1: Beam-Slab System of Typical Floors. ......................................................... 5

Figure 4.1.2: 3D View of Analytical Model ...................................................................... 6

Figure 4.1.3: Applied Floor Finish in typical Floor (25 psf) ........................................... 12

Figure 4.1.4: Applied Live Load in Typical Floor (42 psf), for NTPA ........................... 13

Figure 4.1.5: Deflected Shape of the Building ................................................................ 13

Figure 5.1: Foundation Layout Plan ................................................................................ 14

Figure 5-2: Deformed Shape of Footings for Un-Factored Dead and Live Load
Combination (inch) ......................................................................................................... 15

Figure 5-3: Punching Shear Capacity Ratio of Footings ................................................. 15

Figure 5-4: Bearing Capacity of Footings (kip/ft 2).......................................................... 16

Figure 5.5: Condition of Column in Grid 1 ..................................................................... 17

Figure 5.6: Condition of Column in Grid 2 ..................................................................... 18

Figure 5.7: Condition of Column in Grid 3 ..................................................................... 19

Figure 5.8: Condition of Column in Grid 4 ..................................................................... 20

Figure 5.9: Condition of Column in Grid 5 ..................................................................... 21

Figure 5.10: Condition of Column in Grid 6 ................................................................... 22

Figure 5.11: Condition of Beams of Ground Floor ......................................................... 23

Figure 5.12: Condition of Beams of 1st Floor .................................................................. 24

Figure 5.13: Condition of Beams of 2 nd Floor (Roof) ..................................................... 24

List of Tables
Table 2.1: Basic information RCC Building#03 ............................................................... 3

ANNEX-I: DT & NDT REPORT

ANNEX-II: SOIL TEST REPORT

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Building-03 of Rupa Knitwear Ltd. is a basement+2-storied storied RCC beam-slab
structure with one basement.

A team from ALLIANCE (BV) conducted visual assessment of the Building#03 on 29th
May, 2014. They recommended to perform check for structural integrity of the factory
building. In this concern, Rupa Knitwear Ltd. engaged Sthapona Consultants for
performing Structural Assessment along with checking architectural and structural
drawing of the factory building.

The structural and architectural drawings were verified by Ferro-scanning, dimensions

measurement, plaster removing etc. There are few changes in as-built condition with
architectural & structural drawings which have been incorporated during DEA.

For Structural Assessment one of the key inputs is the concrete strength. We collected four
cores from columns. We found equivalent concrete strength for column is 3,120 psi. The
equivalent concrete strength has been calculated according to ACI-562 guideline.

Considering the concrete strength suggested by ACI-562, we analysed the structure for for
NTPA loading conditions (42 psf live load) and found that the Mat foundation is adequate
both for bearing capacity & punching shear capacity. All the columns, grade beams and
floor beams are also adequate at this reduced loading conditions.

As no overstressed member was found after analysing the structure considering NTPA
guideline, we didn’t analyse the structure for BNBC guideline.

The factory can continue its operation without any kind of retrofitting works and
maintaining the allowable load layout plan.

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1 INTRODUCTION
Sthapona Consultants was assigned to conduct Structural Assessment of the RCC
Building#03. The scope of work of the project has been shown below, which has been
summarized based on visual inspection report done by BV (ALLIANCE) team.

(i). Develop the required documents to confirm the structural integrity of the
building.
(ii). Confirm and document that provision have been made to accommodate
concentrated load at ground floor.
(iii). The Detail Engineering Assessment of the building, which includes the
following items:
 Highlight any variations between as-built and structure design drawings (if
applicable)
 Results of geotechnical assessment and testing/investigation
 Details of assumptions, loading, inputs and results of computer modelling
 Commentary on adequacy/inadequacy of elements of the structure and
further action plan

2 GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE BUILDING

The Building#1 of Rupa Knitwear Ltd. is located at Kunia, Boardbazar, Gazipur, Dhaka-
1230 (Latitude: 23°56'12.72"N; Longitude: 90°23'11.14"E).

Figure 2.1: Location of the Building (Source: Google Earth)

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Table 2.1: Basic information RCC Building#03

Information Description

Structural System Reinforced concrete beam-slab.

Floor Area 10,755 sft (Approx.)

Number of Stories Basement+2-storied

Construction Year Unknown.

Foundation Type Isolated Column Footing

3 DESTRUCTIVE & NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING

3.1 EVALUATION OF CONCRETE STRENGTH FROM CORE TEST

Fourteen cores from different locations of column and slab has been collected to examine
the concrete strength. These cores have been sent and tested in BUET lab by UTM
(Universal Testing Machine) to find its compressive strength. Detail of core test results
have presented in Annex-I.

Calculation of Equivalent Concrete Strength as per ACI-562 for Column

For Column:

n kc
Core ID Conc. Strength 2 2.4
1 3380 psi 3 1.47
2 3680 psi 4 1.28
3 4020 psi 5 1.2
4 4180 psi f c (avg)= 3815 psi 6 1.15
Standard Deviation of
357 psi 8 1.1
Core strength=
Coefficient of variation, V= 0.09 10 1.08

Number Of Sample, n= 12 1.06

4
Coefficient of variation
1.28 16 1.05
modification factor, kc =
f c (eq)= 3120 psi 20 1.03
>25 1.02

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3.2 VERIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT USING FERRO-SCANNER

& REMOVING CONCRETE COVER
We have performed Ferro-scanning in different locations of the columns & slab and
removed concrete cover of one column to verify the structural drawings. We have found
that number and size of rebar are slightly different as mentioned in structural design
drawings for the surveyed location. Detail results of Ferro scanning and concrete cover
removing are shown in DT & NDT report (Annex).

Figure 3.1: Ferro-Scan Locations

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4 ANALYSIS FOR STRUCTURAL ADEQUACY

4.1 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

The structural system of Building#03 of Rupa Knitwear Ltd. is a RC beam-slab (Figure
4.1.1). Grade beam had been provided along both directions of the building. The building
may be classified as ordinary moment resisting frame. General 3D view of the building
has been presented in Figure 4.1.2.

Figure 4.1.1: Beam-Slab System of Typical Floors.

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Figure 4.1.2: 3D View of Analytical Model

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4.2 CODES AND PRACTICES

For the present project relevant sections of Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC,
2006) have been used for analysis. For the reinforced concrete design check, American
Concrete Institute (ACI 318-99) code has been consulted as and when became necessary
to complement the BNBC. National Tripartite Plan of Action (NTPA) has been used on
Fire Safety & Structural Integrity. American Concrete Institute (ACI 318-02) has also been
used for NTPA.

4.3 MATERIAL PROPERTY

The principal material of construction is reinforced concrete. As per investigation and

design drawings, the following material properties has been used:
 Yield strength of steel, fy = 60,000 lb/in2 (From credible design drawings)
 Compressive Strength of concrete of Column, fc' = 3,120 lb/in2 (as per ACI-562
using Core Test Results)
 Young's modulus of concrete, Ec = 45,000fc' (for Brick Chips)

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4.4 LOADS
The loads that may act upon the structure are as follows:

4.4.1 Dead Loads

Dead loads (D) are those gravity load which remain acting on the structure permanently
without any change during the structures normal service life. These are basically the loads
coming from the weight of the different components of the structure. For the sake of
convenience in the analysis, sometimes this kind of loads are divided into two types,
namely a) self-weight of the structure (SW) and b) the weight coming from the non-
structural permanent components of the building (SDEAD). In concrete building the
weight of slabs, beams and columns etc. which form the main structural system is
considered the self-weight (SW). The weights of floor finish, water proofing layer,
partition walls and other non-structural permanent components generally constitute the rest
of the total dead load, i.e. (SDEAD). For the analysis and design checking of the building,
following are the values of dead loads,

 Unit weight of reinforced concrete = 135 pcf

 Unit weight of brickwork = 120 pcf
Floor Finish
Typical Floors 25 psf

4.4.2 Live Load

Live load is the gravity load due to non-permanent objects like machines, furniture, and
human. Analysis has been carried out based on load recommended by BNBC (2006).
According to BNBC we have considered 63 psf live load for analysis. And for NTPA
compliance (When the structure seems not compliant with BNBC loading condition) we
use reduced live load=42 psf.

4.4.3 Wind Load (W)

Bangladesh is typically a storm prone area where consideration to the thrust due to storm
must be given in the analysis and design of building and structures. Wind load due to storm
is typically modelled as lateral thrust force causing sway or overturning of the building.
Detailed specifications on wind loading on buildings are outlined in BNBC (2006). The
present project is located in Dhaka, for which the following basic parameters are used in
wind load calculation,

 Basic wind speed, Vb= 215 km/h (Gazipur)

 Exposure category = A
 Structure Importance coefficient CI =1.00

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4.4.4 Earthquake Load (E)

Proper structural design of any building structure must include loads due to earthquake
shaking. Although there have been no major incident of earthquake hazard in the recent
past of Bangladesh, earthquakes are not uncommon in this area. Scientific geological study
of the earth crust below Bangladesh shows that Bangladesh does fall in moderate to high
seismic risk zone. Statistical evidence from past major and minor earthquake incidents
shows that a major earthquake is overdue in the recent times of geological scale. Therefore,
it is necessary to prepare against any possible earthquake hazard. It should be kept in mind
that the objective of earthquake resistance building design is not to make a strong building
which can resist any damage due to earthquake. Instead, earthquake resistant design
basically aims at minimizing the possible damage and casualty to an acceptable level.

Regarding the earthquake resistant structural design, it essential that the specific design
code is followed. For the analysis and design checking of this building, Equivalent Static
Force Method of BNBC (2006) is followed. The main considerations for calculation of
earthquake load are given below.

 Zone co-efficient, Z = 0.15 (zone 2, As Per BNBC 2006)

 Structure importance co-efficient, I = 1.00 (Standard Occupancy, Table 6.2.23,
BNBC 2006)
 Response modification co-efficient, R = 5.0 (OMRF, Table 6.2.24, BNBC)
 Site co-efficient, S 3= 1.5 (type 3 soil as suggested in Table 6.2.25, BNBC)

4.5 METHOD OF ANALYSIS

Depending on the type of project, there are several well-established methods among which
Finite Element Method (FEM) is perhaps the most sophisticated and all-encompassing
one. For analysis and design checking of the building, powerful finite element based
structural design software package ETABS- V9.7.4 has been employed for analysis. Some
aspects of the analysis process are discussed in the following paragraphs.

A full three dimensional modelling of the structure has been developed using frame and
plate/shell elements. At base level, the columns are assumed to be held fixed due to mat
foundation.

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4.6 LOADING AND LOAD COMBINATION

The basic sources of loads are described in earlier section. These loads are applied on the
model in seven basic categories. These are as follows:

 Load Case 1: Self-weight of structure (SW).

 Load Case 2: Floor finish and partition wall (SDEAD).
 Load Case 3: Live load on roof (LL)
 Load Case 4: Earthquake load on East-West Direction. (Ex)
 Load Case 5: Earthquake load on North-South Direction. (Ey)
 Load Case 6: Wind load on East-West Direction. (Wx)
 Load Case 7: Wind load on North-South Direction. (Wy)

These seven basic load cases are analysed by ETABS-V9.7.4. The results are then
combined in accordance with BNBC. These are as follows:

 1.4 D
 1.4 D + 1.7 L
 0.9 D + 1.3 (W or 1.1 E)
 0.75 (1.4 D + 1.7 L + 1.7 (W or 1.1 E))

Where D stands for total dead load i.e. D = DL + SDEAD, L stands for live load i.e. L=LL,
W stands for wind load and E stands for earthquake load. When these seven basic load
cases are combined accordingly considering the direction of lateral loads, we obtain, after
simplification, the following twenty two combination cases:

 Combination Case 1: 1.4 D

 Combination Case 2: 1.4 D + 1.7 L
 Combination Case 3: 1.05 D + 1.275 L + 1.275 W x
 Combination Case 4: 1.05 D + 1.275 L - 1.275 Wx
 Combination Case 5: 1.05 D + 1.275 L + 1.275 W y
 Combination Case 6: 1.05 D + 1.275 L - 1.275 W y
 Combination Case 7: 1.05 D + 1.275 Wx
 Combination Case 8: 1.05 D - 1.275 Wx
 Combination Case 9: 1.05 D + 1.275 W y
 Combination Case 10: 1.05 D - 1.275 W y
 Combination Case 11: 0.9 D + 1.3 Wx
 Combination Case 12: 0.9 D - 1.3 Wx
 Combination Case 13: 0.9 D + 1.3 W y
 Combination Case 14: 0.9 D - 1.3 W y
 Combination Case 15: 1.05 D + 1.275 L + 1.4025 E x

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 Combination Case 16: 1.05 D + 1.275 L - 1.4025 Ex

 Combination Case 17: 1.05 D + 1.275 L + 1.4025 E y
 Combination Case 18: 1.05 D + 1.275 L - 1.4025 E y
 Combination Case 19: 1.05 D + 1.4025 Ex
 Combination Case 20: 1.05 D - 1.4025 Ex
 Combination Case 21: 1.05 D + 1.4025 E y
 Combination Case 22: 1.05 D - 1.4025 E y
 Combination Case 23: 0.9 D + 1.43 Ex
 Combination Case 24: 0.9 D - 1.43 Ex
 Combination Case 25: 0.9 D + 1.43 E y
 Combination Case 26: 0.9 D - 1.43 E y
 Combination Case 27: 1.4 D + 1.4 L + 1.4 Ex
 Combination Case 28: 1.4 D + 1.4 L - 1.4 Ex
 Combination Case 29: 1.4 D + 1.4 L + 1.4 E y
 Combination Case 30: 1.4 D + 1.4 L - 1.4 E y

But in ETABS analysis, we do not calculate last four combination cases (Combination
case 27, 28, 29 & 30).

Load combinations as per National Tripartite Plan of Action on Fire Safety & Structural
Integrity are as follows,

 Combination Case 1: 1.2 D + 1.6 L

 Combination Case 2: 1.05 D + 1.25 L + 1.0Wx
 Combination Case 3: 1.05 D + 1.25 L - 1.0Wx
 Combination Case 4: 1.05 D + 1.25 L + 1.0Wy
 Combination Case 5:1.05 D + 1.25 L - 1.0Wy
 Combination Case 6: 1.05 D + 1.25 L + 1.0Eqx
 Combination Case 7: 1.05 D + 1.25 L - 1.0Eqx
 Combination Case 8: 1.05 D + 1.25 L + 1.0Eqy
 Combination Case 9:1.05 D + 1.25 L - 1.0Eqy

4.7 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

In any finite element analysis, applying appropriate boundary conditions are important.
Without appropriate boundary conditions the model of building structure may not be
stable. On the other hand, application of excessive restraints may render the structure too
stiff resulting in development of unreasonable stresses. For a structure like this building,
it is reasonable to assume that the bases of columns are fully restrained in all directions.

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4.8 APPLICATION OF LOAD AND ANALYSIS

A static analysis is performed using the loadings and combinations of loads (mentioned
earlier) for the Building#03. Some pictorial representation of the analysis results are shown
in figures below.

Figure 4.1.3: Applied Floor Finish in typical Floor (25 psf)

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Figure 4.1.4: Applied Live Load in Typical Floor (42 psf), for NTPA

Figure 4.1.5: Deflected Shape of the Building

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5 EVALUATION OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS

5.1 CHECKING ADEQUACY OF FOUNDATION WITH 42 PSF LIVE

LOAD
Provided structural drawings of the project shows that isolated column foundation and mat
foundation had been used for this project (Figure 5.1). We have checked the adequacy of
foundation size & thickness for 42 psf live load. Average bearing capacity of soil has been
found 2.98 Ksf from soil report prepared by “STRAIN FIELD GEOTECHNIQUE
LIMITED” in JULY-2016. Considering concrete strength (3,120 psi) we found that both
the mat foundation and the isolated column foundations are adequate for punching shear
capacity as well as for bearing capacity.

Figure 5.1: Foundation Layout Plan

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Figure 5-2: Deformed Shape of Footings for Un-Factored Dead and Live Load
Combination (inch)

Figure 5-3: Punching Shear Capacity Ratio of Footings

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Figure 5-4: Bearing Capacity of Footings (kip/ft2)

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5.2 CHECKING ADEQUACY OF COLUMN WITH 42 PSF LIVE

LOADING
We have assessed the columns for 42 psf live load and found that all the columns are
adequate. Assessment of columns (P-M-M Interaction Ratio) according to NTPA with 42
psf live load has been presented in following figures:

Figure 5.5: Condition of Column in Grid 1

(Sections having P-M-M ratio more than 1 are inadequate)

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Figure 5.6: Condition of Column in Grid 2

(Sections having P-M-M ratio less than 1 are adequate)

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Figure 5.7: Condition of Column in Grid 3

(Sections having P-M-M ratio more than 1 are inadequate)

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Figure 5.8: Condition of Column in Grid 4

(Sections having P-M-M ratio less than 1 are adequate)

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Figure 5.9: Condition of Column in Grid 5

(Sections having P-M-M ratio less than 1 are adequate)

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Figure 5.10: Condition of Column in Grid 6

(Sections having P-M-M ratio less than 1 are adequate)

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5.3 CHECKING ADEQUACY OF BEAMS WITH 42 PSF LIVE LOAD

Assessment of beams according to NTPA with 42 psf live load has been presented in
Figure 5.3 to onwards. According to standard practice, red coloured beams are
overstressed.

Figure 5.11: Condition of Beams of Ground Floor

(Sections having green colours are adequate)

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Figure 5.12: Condition of Beams of 1st Floor

(Sections having green colours are adequate)

Figure 5.13: Condition of Beams of 2nd Floor (Roof)

(Sections having green colours are adequate)

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6 CHECKING FOR SWAY & STORY STIFFNESS

Occupancy Category, OC IV = 0.015 (I,II=0.025,III=0.020,IV=0.015)

Deflection Amplification Factor, C d = 2.5 (SMRF=5.5, IMRF=4.5, OMRF=2.5)

Response Modification Factor,R = 5 (SMRF=12, IMRF=8, OMRF=5rc/6stl)
Considered Floor Levels = 1F and ROOF
Height Between Two Considered Floors = 12 ft
Considered Point ID for EQx = 1E
Considered Point ID for Eqy = 1E
Drift (Displacement) Check
(0.03hsx/R)<0.004hsx Min.
∆1 ∆2 ∆=∆1~∆2
Governing Lateral Load (BNBC) OC*hsx(ASCE)/Cd Allowable Remark
(in) (in) (in) (in) Drift (in)
EQx 0.400165 0.668891 0.268726 0.576 0.86 0.58 OK
EQy 0.196077 0.361499 0.165422 0.576 0.86 0.58 OK

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7 CONCLUSION

According to NTPA loading condition (42 psf Live Load)

 Mat foundation and all the isolated column foundations are adequate both for bearing
capacity as well as punching shear capacity.
 All the columns are adequate for NTPA load combinations.
 All the grade beams & floor beams are adequate in section in respect of flexure.
 The slab is adequate considering 42 psf live load.

8 RECOMMENDATION

As no retrofitting is required after analysing according to NTPA loading condition, the

factory can continue its operation without any kind of retrofitting works and maintaining
the provided load layout plan.

9 DISCLAIMER
The assessment engineer made the above observations & recommendations from Core test, NDT
results & mathematical modelling of the building. We applied our best engineering judgments. We
do not bear responsibility for any deviation from the predicted behaviour of the structure caused
by uncertainties of performance or calamities.

STHAPONA CONSULTANTS 26 | P a g e