BISHO SSIP ENGINEERING REPORT SOUTH DESIGN AND

CONSTRUCTION
SUPERVISION
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TABLE OF CONTENT
TABLE OF CONTENT........................................................................................i
LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................ii
List of Figures..................................................................................................iii
Acronyms..........................................................................................................iv
1. BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT..................................................1
1.1. Introduction.................................................................................................................1
1.2. Location........................................................................................................................2
1.3. Objectives and Scope...................................................................................................3
2. Peak Flood Estimation............................................................................4
2.1. River Base Flow............................................................................................................4
2.2. Climate.........................................................................................................................4
2.3. River Cross Section Computation.................................................................................4
2.4. River Bed Slope Computation......................................................................................5
2.5. Stage Discharge Computation using flood mark level.................................................7
3. HEAD WORK DESIGN.........................................................................8
3.1. Introduction......................................................................................8
3.2. Location of the Headwork................................................................8
3.3. Components of the Diversion weir...................................................9
3.4. Maximum and Minimum Design Discharge Determination............10
3.5. Site Selection.................................................................................10
3.6. Waterway (weir crest length) determination..................................10
3.7. Determination of weir Crest level..................................................11
3.8. Determination of weir Crest Height...............................................11
3.9. Selection of the weir shape............................................................12
3.10. Hydraulics of the weir...................................................................12
3.11. Design of the Weir body.................................................................16
3.12. Design of scouring sluice...............................................................23
3.13. Design of Intake.............................................................................23
3.14. Design of Retaining wall................................................................24
4. IRRIGATION SYSTEM DESIGN......................................................30
4.1. General.......................................................................................................................................30
4.2. Need for Irrigation......................................................................................................................30
4.3. Water Abstraction.......................................................................................................................30
4.4. Irrigation Efficiency....................................................................................................................31
4.5. Selection of Irrigation Methods and Distribution system............................................................31
4.6. Conveyance System....................................................................................................................32
4.7. Distribution System....................................................................................................................32
4.8. Scheme Layout...........................................................................................................................33

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4.9. Command Area Arrangement.....................................................................................................33
5. Design of Irrigation Canals..................................................................35
5.1. General.............................................................................................................................35
5.2. Canal Capacity Determination.........................................................................................35
5.3. Canal Design Criteria.......................................................................................................36
5.2.1. Maximum Velocity and Roughness Coefficient.......................................................36
5.2.2. Canal Cross-Sections and Side Slopes.....................................................................37
5.2.3. Bed width / Depth ratio............................................................................................37
5.2.4. Canal Embankments................................................................................................37
5.2.5. Freeboard to Embankment Top................................................................................37
5.2.6. Radii of Curvatures..................................................................................................37
5.4. Design of Lined Main Canal............................................................................................37
5.5. Design of Main Canal are Rectangular lined canal...........................................................38
5.6. Design of Secondary Canal are Trapezoidal lined canal...................................................39
5.1. Design of Tertiary Canal (Sample Design).......................................................................40
5.2. Feeder Canal....................................................................................................................41
5.3. Design of Canals Longitudinal Profile.............................................................................42
5.4. Drainage Canals...............................................................................................................43
6. DESIGN OF IRRIGATION STRUCTURES.....................................43
6.1. General..................................................................................................................................43
6.2. Division Box/Off takes.........................................................................................................43
6.3. Drop Structures.....................................................................................................................44
6.4. Road crossing or footpath.....................................................................................................45
6.5. Regulating Structure.............................................................................................................46
7. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE...............................................46
7.1. General.........................................................................................................................................46
7.2. Operation of the head work...........................................................................................................46
7.3. Irrigation system operation............................................................................................................46
7.4. Maintenance requirement..............................................................................................................47
8. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................47
9. BILL OF QUANTITIES AND COST ESTIMATE...........................48

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LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 3-1: COORDINATE OF SEQUENT DEPTH AND TAIL WATER DEPTH FOR DIFFERENT DISCHARGES...........19
TABLE 3-10: FORCE ANALYSIS OF THE D/S RETAINING WALL...............................................................39
TABLE 6-1 RECOMMENDED VALUES OF MAX VELOCITY AND ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT.............................48

List of Figures
FIGURE 1.1 LOCATION MAP OF BISHO SSIP, OCTOBER 2016
FIGURE 3-1: FLOW PROFILE ON, U/S AND D/S OF THE WEIR BODY..........................................17
FIGURE 6-1: TYPICAL SECTION OF LINED CANAL PARAMETERS............................................46
FIGURE 6-2: TYPICAL SECTION OF EARTHEN CANAL PARAMETERS.......................................47

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Acronyms
A Command Area
.a.s.l. Above sea level
avg. Average
B Bank top width
b Canal Bed Width
BOQ Bill of Quantities
CBL Canal Bed Level
D Canal depth including flow depth & FB
d Flow depth
DBL Drain Bed Level
DEM Digital Elevation Model
FB Free Board
FC Field Canal
FD Field Drain
FS Full Supply or Detail Study
FSD Detail Study and Detail design
FSL Full Supply Level
GIS Geographic Information System
GPS Global Positioning System
ha hectare
HFL High Flood Level
hr hour
l/s Liter per second
l/s/ha Liter per second per hectare
IWR Irrigation Water Requirement
m Canal side slope
MC Main Canal
MD Main Drain
Min. Minimum
Max. Maximum
n Manning’s roughness coefficient
OGL Original Ground Level
O&M Operation and Maintenance
p Wetted perimeter
Qd Design Discharge
R Hydraulic radius
RCC Reinforced Concrete
S Canal bed slope
SC Secondary Canal
SNNPRS Southern Nation, Nationalities and People National Regional State
SSIP Small Scale Irrigation Project
T Canal top width
TC Tertiary Canal
TD Tertiary Drain
TOR Terms of Reference
V Flow velocity
WUA Water Users Association
WL Water Level
WR Water Requirement

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5.1. BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

5.2. Introduction

Final report of BISHO Small Scale Irrigation Project irrigation infrastructure studies are
prepared of the irrigation infrastructure report, Hydrology, Agronomy, Soil and Land
Evaluation and Geology composition of multi sectoral studies and based on the topographic
survey carried.
This final design report includes mainly, Irrigation structures and Drainage study of BISHO
SSIP, which is located in SNNPRS, Hadiya Zone, Gibe Woreda, and Buge Peasant
association for the request of the client In collaboration with IFAD, the regional Irrigation
Construction and Scheme Administration Agency (ICSAA) of the Bureau of Water and
Irrigation Development (BOWID) and the project is financed by the Government of Ethiopia
(GOE) and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) have agreed to
design and implement a second phase of the Participatory Small-scale Irrigation
Development Program (PASIDP-II) in target regions of the country including SNNPR.
PASIDP-II’s goals and objectives are consistent with the strategic objectives of the GOE’s
Second Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP II); increased and market-oriented crop
production and productivity; increased livestock production and productivity; reduced
degradation and improved productivity of natural resources; and enhanced food security. The
status of the study is detail design report level.
In collaboration with IFAD, the regional Irrigation Construction and Scheme Administration
Agency (ICSAA) of the Bureau of Water and Irrigation Development (BOWID) has planned
to construct ten small-scale irrigation schemes in different districts of the region. Bisho small-
scale irrigation project is to be implemented in Gibe woreda is one among them whose main
objective is to develop 110 ha gross irrigable area through gravity system so as farmers to
have access to sustainable market oriented crop production and productivity.
In line with this, the bureau has signed a contract agreement with our enterprise to carry out
the required feasibility study and detail design for the proposed small-scale irrigation
schemes. Thus, this is an irrigation study report is to assess the technical draft of the irrigation
engineering component. Hence, it discusses the findings of the field visit and deals with the
study and analysis of crop water requirement, irrigation water requirement, irrigation
planning, water availability and water distribution system, hydraulic structures required on

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farm works and operation and maintenance of Bisho SSIP are identified and adequately
managed.

5.3. Location

The diversion weir of the proposed scheme (project) is located in Gibe woreda of the Hadiya
Zone, SNNPR. Specifically, the diversion weir and the project command area are found in
between Megacho and Tetema rural kebele of the district at 14 Km from Homecho, the
district’s administrative center, 207 Km from Hawassa, administrative center of the region
and 281 Km from Addis Ababa. The weir site is relatively located at 7o46’59’’ N and
37o40’14’’ E at an altitude of 1709 meters. The project command area is located at Megacho
rural kebele, one of the 31 rural kebeles of the district.

Figure 1.1 Location map of Bisho SSIP, October 2016

Bisho small-scale diversion work irrigation project is located in Hadiya Zone, Gibe Woreda.
The project command area is located at Megacho rural Kebele. The site is located at grid
coordinate of:-

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 37 UTM. 353408.6N and , 860283.13E near the weirs site
 Between 1709-1640m.a.s.l

5.4. Objectives and Scope

The irrigation design shall ensure reliability, equity and flexibility of water delivery to
farmers. It will aim at reducing conflicts among water users and will lead to lower operation
and maintenance costs.
The study report approaches;
 Upgrading the existing traditional irrigation system to advance if any,
 Computation of the actual crop water requirement considering evapo-transpiration,
irrigation demand/duty using the existing and recent agronomic, climatologic and soil
data using more appropriate methodologies.
 Establish design criteria for irrigations structures to be approved by the client and to
be used in the draft design stage,
 Design proper irrigation system compatible with local conditions and management
capabilities,
 Establish flood protection measures for the command area and canal structures and
design the respective drainage system accordingly,
 Planning and layout of the irrigation system, which include irrigation canals, drainage
channels, inspection roads and alignments, canal spacing, canal length, location of
structures, and water profiles along canal and drains at specified reaches, which is
most economical easily manageable and aligned with topographic feature and
geological investigation.
 Determination and estimation of water application conveyance and other losses and
irrigation efficiencies and consideration of those parameters in design steps.
 Check and test hydraulic and structural designs of main canal considering total
demand and the required capacity and the base flow availability,
 Prepare general plans and drawings for all irrigation infrastructure and irrigation
systems designs,
 Prepare comprehensive specifications and bill of quantities for irrigation scheme and
feasible construction schedule accordingly. The work items and construction
schedules will be presented to beneficiaries and other stakeholders so that it will be
discussed together.

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5.5. Peak Flood Estimation
River Base Flow
As dictated in the hydrologic report the river base flow measured with a floating method at
15/05/2009 EC is 374.5l/sec and base flow in 50yrs are 50 l/sec but Expecting dry period
flow = 300l/sec . If about 20% of the discharge (72 l/s) is released for the downstream users,
from agronomy study the maximum crop water requirement (duty) for 10 hours estimated as
1.11 l/sec/ha. Accordingly for the diverted discharge of 127l/sec about 85ha can be irrigated.

Climate
The project area is located with an altitude range of 1707 -1640 ma.s.l which is classified as
Kola agro climatic classification. The mean maximum average annual temperature of the area
is 32.70c on February and the mean minimum average annual temperature of 16.50c on
November and January months.

River Cross Section Computation

The river high flood level and high flood discharge is estimated using slope area method. The
river cross section at the weir site looks as shown in the Figure below. The cross section at
the weir site has been surveyed at 1m intervals and their corresponding elevation values are
tabulated below.
Table-2-1:- River cross section profile

S/N Easting Northing Chainage Elevation Remark

1 353408.4 860282.6 0 1712.366 w. axis
2 353409.3 860282.9 1 1711.562 w. axis
3 353410.3 860283.2 2 1710.759 w. axis
4 353411.2 860283.5 3 1709.955 w. axis
5 353412.2 860283.9 4 1709.151 w. axis
6 353413.1 860284.2 5 1708.683 w. axis
7 353414.1 860284.5 6 1708.987 w. axis
8 353415 860284.8 7 1709.29 w. axis
9 353416 860285.2 8 1709.882 w. axis
10 353416.9 860285.5 9 1710.622 w. axis
11 353417.9 860285.8 10 1711.362 w. axis
12 353418.8 860286.1 11 1712.102
13 353421.7 860287.1 12 1712.319 w. axis

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Figure-2.1:- River cross section profile

Maximum Flood mark level=……………………………………. 1712.319 m
River Bed level=……………………………………………............….. 1708.683 m

River Bed Slope Computation

The longitudinal section of BISHO River is surveyed at different points along the river
channel around weir site is prepared for 86 m length and river bed slope is estimated using
best-fit line method. Therefore BISHO River bed slope around weir site is =0.023

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Table-2-2: -BISHO River Bed Slope Computation

Chainage Elevation Y X Δ distance Δ Elevation Slope

860268.
0 1709.104 353419.9 0 0 0
9
860273.
5 1709.262 353418.5 5 -0.2 -0.032
7
860278.
10 1708.822 353416 5 0.4 0.088
1
860282.
15 1708.432 353413.5 5 0.4 0.078
4
860287.
20 1708.873 353412.3 5 -0.4 -0.088
3
860291.
25 1708.219 353410.3 5 0.7 0.131
7
30 1708.137 860296.5 353409.2 5 0.1 0.016
35 1708.131 860300.9 353406.7 5 0.0 0.001
40 1707.995 860305.6 353405.3 5 0.1 0.027
45 1707.708 860309.6 353402.3 5 0.3 0.057
50 1707.505 860312.5 353398.3 5 0.2 0.041
55 1707.674 860316.6 353395.5 5 -0.2 -0.034
60 1707.606 860320.8 353392.7 5 0.1 0.014
65 1707.429 860324.9 353389.9 5 0.2 0.035
70 1707.398 860328.3 353386.2 5 0.0 0.006
75 1707.411 860332.2 353383.2 5 0.0 -0.003
80 1707.479 860336.7 353381.1 5 -0.1 -0.014
85 1707.528 860341.2 353378.9 5 0.0 -0.010
86.233 1707.438 860342.2 353378.2 1.233 0.1 0.073
Average slope= 0.023

Figure-2.2:- Longitudinal profile of the river at head work

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The peak flood for BISHO River at weir site is computed as75 m^3/s (From hydrology
report). River Discharge computation at different stage of flow,
Manning roughness coefficient, n=0.025
Average river bed slop, s=0.023

Stage Discharge Computation using flood mark level

The stage-discharge curve at the weir site is determined using the Slope Area Method. The
computed stage discharge curve is shown in Figure below:-

Table-2-3:- River Discharge computation at different stage of flow

CumDept Water Wetted Hydraulic Average Roughness Velocityt Discharge

h d(m) Area Permeter s Radius R.B. Coefficient V(m/sec) Q(m3/sec)
A(m2) P(m) R(m) Slope
(m/m)

0 0 0 0 0.02257 0.025 0 0
0.25 0.1696 1.4493 0.12 0.02257 0.025 1.44 0.24
0.5 0.678 2.8762 0.24 0.02257 0.025 2.29 1.55
0.75 1.4752 3.9249 0.38 0.02257 0.025 3.13 4.62
1 2.465 4.8147 0.51 0.02257 0.025 3.85 9.48
1.25 3.6376 5.69 0.64 0.02257 0.025 4.46 16.22
1.5 4.979 6.5093 0.76 0.02257 0.025 5.03 25.02
1.75 6.4827 7.3286 0.88 0.02257 0.025 5.54 35.90
2 8.1486 8.1478 1.00 0.02257 0.025 6.01 48.97
2.25 9.9769 8.9672 1.11 0.02257 0.025 6.45 64.38
2.4 11.1716 9.4901 1.18 0.02257 0.025 6.70 75

H (m) Q
(m^3/SEC
0 0
0.25 0
0.5 2
0.75 5
1 9
1.25 16
1.5 25
1.75 36

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2 49
2.25 64
2.4 75

Figure-2-3: - Typical Stage versus Discharge Curve

5.6. HEAD WORK DESIGN

5.7. Introduction
To divert the water in the canal it is necessary to construct diversion works across the river at
the head of the off taking channel. Permanent works comprising weirs and intake structures
including protection works will be constructed at the head of the canal system.
The functions of the diversion structures to be constructed will perform several tasks
including
On-off water control which allows the supply agency to allocate its supply and
protects the fields below the diversion from untimely flooding;
Regulation and stabilization of the discharge to the requirements of the irrigation
system and the envisaged distribution systems;

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Measurement of flow at the turnout in order to establish and protect water
entitlements; and
Protection of downstream structures by controlling sediments and debris as well as
dissipating excess energy in the flow.

5.8. Location of the Headwork

The BISHO irrigation project is based on the BISHO river flow. The BISHO River is a
perennial river with a relatively narrow channel, 10m width at the level of the tail water depth
at the selected possible weir site. Therefore, it would be economical to build a conventional
diversion weir across the river.
Thus, geographically the weir bed is along the selected axis located at UTM coordinates of 37
UTM. 353408.6N and 860283.13E and elevation of river bed 1708.838m
During site selection different optional locations were identified but the selected axis is by far
suitable due to suitability for main canal outlet, stable geologic formation for the weir body,
near reach from the command area, straight reach of the river morphology and has stable
bank along both sides.

5.9. Components of the Diversion weir

1. Control Structure
Control structures are provided at head regulator with gate to enable the entry of the required
amount of discharge to the intake structure say main canal and a scouring sluice gate for the
flushing of silt. The control structure is designed for a 50 year design flood of 75m3/sec and a
minimum effective head required supplying the irrigation system the design discharge of 108
lit/sec. The dimension is to be determined in the structural analysis and hydraulic
calculations.

2. Retaining walls for river training

Masonry retaining walls are provided on both right and left sides of the weir abutment. The
upstream and downstream walls are designed to guide the high flood safely. The dimension is
to be determined in the structural analysis and hydraulic calculations.
3. The Weir Body
The weir body comprises of the upstream and downstream aprons, the weir crest and the
upstream and downstream cut offs, end sill. The dimension is to be determined in the
structural analysis and hydraulic calculations.
4. Foundation Depth

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The formation of the foundation is visibly seen as sound rock, hence only 1m to 1.5m
foundation depth is recommended by the geotechnical study to provide foundation key as
there will be no envisaged bearing capacity problem.

5.10. Maximum and Minimum Design Discharge Determination

During the field data collection, the minimum stream flow was measured 374.5lt/s at
15/05/2009 E.C. The measurement was carried out using floatation method. These days, the
water balance analysis is the basic issue while planning water resource projects. Accordingly,
we were aware of it and thoroughly assessed the existing and future probable possibilities of
using the proposed river base flow to the U/S and D/S of the proposed project area while we
are doing the detail field work.
Therefore, the U/S users are free to use as usual as they have to share the river in the
proposed project.
However for the sake of safety 140lt/sec discharge amount is taken as a base flow for the
project irrigation requirement expecting the water consumption fluctuation of the U/S
communities.
On the other hand, the design flood estimated from the watershed and meteorological data is
75m3/s. this design discharge is used to design the weir body and its appurtenant structures.

5.11. Site Selection

Considering the channel reach, foundation condition of the site and topographic nature the
river section; the weir axis of the site is proposed suitably.
According to the hydrologic report the estimated 50 years peak discharge is 75m3/s and
interpolating this amount the tail water depth become 2.4m.

5.12. Waterway (weir crest length) determination

Lacey’s water way determination
The weir main waterway (crest length) can be computed using Lacey’s perimeter equation.
But, this formula gives highly exaggerated values.
L= 4.75 *Qp^0.5 =4.75*75^0.5 = 41.14m
Where;
L is the river water way required to pass the proposed flood safely.
Qp is peak flood in m3/s=75m3/sec
Hence, by this relation, L = 41.14m

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However this Lacey’s regime equation has a limitation it is effective for rivers that usually
carry large flood with silt. But, the natural river channel has 11m width corresponding to the
tail water level. Therefore to determine an optimum weir crest length a 15m crest length is
proposed and its adequacy will be checked for the afflux formed which should be below the
maximum allowable afflux value 1.0m.
The weir site is situated in stable river section, thus the available length of the river is fixed as
the length of the weir which compromise/relates/to the crest elevation of the weir. In addition
to that the discharge per unit area is checked so as to see the required energy dissipation per
meter of crest length. Therefore, the natural waterway accommodates the peak flood; the
crest length of 15m is adopted for the design.

5.13. Determination of weir Crest level

General
In fixing the crest elevation compromise is made so as to avoid deep excavation in alluvial
soil for in taking canal outlet, huge stilling basin, and the effect of back water/afflux/in the
upstream.
On the other hand, the weir crest elevation can be calculated from the following relation:
Crest level = Crest level of the weir = Average level of the highest irrigated + Average
water depth required in main canal + Head loss at the turn out + frictional head loss from the
intake to the first off take + Head loss across head regulator

5.14. Determination of weir Crest Height

Before fixing the crest level, the highest level in command field should be known, all head
losses should be calculated and the supply canal should be designed. The main canal will be a
lined canal (Rectangular made of masonry whose cross sectional dimensions would be
determined as follows. Also the intake design should be done before crest level determination
because head loss at the intake entry and exit causes head loose for crest level design.
Assumptions:
 Q = 0.127 m3/s for the canal
 n = Manning's roughness coefficient = 0.025
 Velocity is taken to be permissible, Vmax = 3.15m/s,
 Longitudinal slope of the canal is taken to be 0.0226m/m.
and the main canal would be designed for best hydraulic section, that is b = d, where b = bed
width, m and d = water depth in canal, m
 Average level of the riverbed level = 1708.683m

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 Average level of the highest irrigated field = 1707.5 m
 Average water depth required in main canal = 0.56m
 Head loss across the field = 0.5m
 Head loss at the turn out = 0.05m
 Frictional head loss = chainage*canal slope = (1180*0.001) =1.18m
 Intake loss (Head loss across head regulator) =0.25m (Refer to intake
design)
Crest level of the weir
Average level of the highest field 1707.5 m
Water depth required 0.56 m
Head loss across the field 0.5 m
Length of the main canal up to the first offtake 1180 m
Slope of the canal 0.001 m
Friction loss=Slope of the canal * distance from the weir 1.18 m
Head loss across the head regulator 0.25 m
Head loss at the turnout 0.05 m
The canal full supply level 1709.54 m
Water depth required 0.56 m
canal off take bed level 1708.98 m
driving head above the canal bed level 0.8 m
Crest level of weir 1709.78 m
The u/s river bed is fixed level 1708.683 m
crest height 1.097 m
Take crest height 1.2 m
5.15. Selection of the weir shape
The economy, ease of construction as well as the efficiency of the structure is taken to the
decision of the weir shape selection. A commonly constructed, but slightly complicated, weir
is the one developed by the US Army Corps of Engineers known as WES – weirs (Developed
at Water ways Experimental station, WES).
For this project, a broad crested masonry weir with vertical upstream and slopped
downstream face shape WES type structure is adopted. The shape commonly used as
appropriate shape for small scale irrigation projects is the broad crested weir with additional
measure to safeguard the structure.

5.16. Hydraulics of the weir

1. U/s and D/s HFL determination
Even though the expected design peak flood overtops the designed structures in both sides of
the river banks, the design of U/s HFL, hydraulic jump analysis and determination of the

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guide bank lengths is done considering the designed peak flood will concentrated in the
designed crest length of the weir.
U/s HFL
U/S TEL = Weir crest level + He

But He = , Q = 75m3/s, Lc = 15m and Cd = 1.7

= 2.053m
Weir crest level = 1709.883 m
U/S TEL = Weir crest level + Head over crest +velocity head= P+ Hd + Ha
U/S TEL = 1709.883+ 1.922 + 0.131 = 1711.214masl.
⇒ U/S HFL= U/S TEL - velocity head

From He = Hd + hav, assume Hd = He and do the following trials to get hav

He= Hd+Hav, Hav is approach velocity head
Hav= va2/2g , Va is approach velocity and g = 9.81m/s2
Va= Qp / L (h+Hd) h is weir height = 1.2 m L is weir crest length= 15 m
Hence, 2.053 = Hd +(75)2/[15(1+Hd)]2 *(1/2*9.81),
Hence from several trial Hd, design head over the weir, is found to be Hd =1.922m
Velocity head, Hav= He- Hd=0.131m
U/S HFL = U/S TEL – hav = 1711.214– 0.131 = 1711.805masl
Flow velocity over the crest =0.131 l/sec.
D/S HFL
From the tail water depth calculation of the previous section, the D/S HFL is determined as
D/S = RB + d3 = 1708.683 + 2.4 = 1711.083masl.
Afflux = U/S HFL – D/S HFL = 1711.805masl – 1711.083masl = 0.72m, <1.0m which is less
than the allowable afflux range value 1.2m. Besides, as the proposed channel cross section at
the weir site has a stable formation, the probability of occurrence of scouring is insignificant.
So, the adopted waterway for the designed flood is sufficient.
2. Formation of hydraulic jump
The conjugate depths Y1 and Y2 of the jump on the horizontal apron d/s of the weir are
determined by adopting the following equation.

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Y1
Y2 = 2 ( √ 1+8∗F 12 - 1)

Figure 3-1: Flow profile on, u/s and d/s of the weir body
V1
Where F1 = Froude number = |gY 1
V1 = Velocity head before the jump, m/s
q = discharge intensity, m3/s
Y1 = depth of water before the jump, m
Y2 = depth of water after the jump, m
Pre-jump, Y1
Then by applying Bernoulli equation for horizontal surfaces between points 0 and 1, the
conjugate water depths Y1 and Y2 can be determined as follows:
E0 = E1
V V
02 12

Z0 + P + Hd + 2g = Z1 + Y1 + 2 g + hf,
V
02

But, Z0 = Z1, P =1.2m, hf = 0 and Hd + 2 g = He = 2.053m

V
12
⇒ 2 g + Y1 =He+P=3.253m, V1 = q/Y1 = 5/ Y1
Y1 = 0.705m
The critical depth Yc, q=5 and g=9.81
Yc = (q2/3)/(g1/3) = 1.366m
Since the flow over the crest is subcritical, the value of the pre-jump depth must be smaller
than the critical depth value 1.366m.
3.253 m = Y1+q^2/(2*g*Y1^2)
By trial and error, Y1 = 0.654m & 0.705m
3
Critical depth, dc = √ q2 /g = 1.366m

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Therefore the trial value which is smaller than the critical depth Yc=1.366m will be taken as
the pre-jump depth.
Fraud number Fr=
Flow velocity at the start of the jump V1;
V1 = q/Y1 = 5/0.705 = 7.09m/se
Fr = V1/ (gY1)^0.5 = 2.697
Since the value of the fraud number is greater than 1, there is an occurrence of hydraulic
jump near the downstream toe of the weir body.
For F=2.5 to 4.5 there is an entering jet oscillates back and forth from bottom to surface and
back again with no periodicity. It is called an oscillating jump. The energy dissipation in this
case ranges from 20 to 45%. For this case length of the horizontal apron is to be provided
with no less than 5*(y2-y1) to rise heavy waves on the surface and the length of jump but due
to sound rock formation no need to construct apron.

3. Sequent depth, Y2
The sequent depth is a water depth formed after the end of the jump. Generally it is
determined from the equation below.
Y2 = Y1/2((1+8F2)^0.5-1) = 2.36m
Also the sequent depth and the tail water depth for other discharges are compared to identify
the nature of flow for small and large discharges.
Table 3-1: Coordinate of Sequent depth and Tail water depth for different discharges
Y3 Y2
q TWD HJ
0 0 0
0.016 0.25 0.034
0.104 0.5 0.110
0.308 0.75 0.227
0.632 1 0.365
1.082 1.25 0.517
1.668 1.5 0.693
2.393 1.75 0.877
3.265 2 1.077
4.292 2.25 1.292
4.990 2.39 1.444

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Figure 3.2: Tail water depth VS Hydraulic Jump

As we compare the sequent depth with the tail water depth, the sequent depth is smaller than
that of the tail water depth for every amount of discharge and hence the hydraulic jump is
submerged and there is no problem of energy propagation after the jump.
Length of the back water curve
The level of the back water curve is needed to determine the safe level of the embankment
and super structures so as to know the length of the wing wall and to know whether the
embankment needs some treatment measures to protect the overtopping of water over the
river bank due to the construction of the weir. Therefore it is important to know where the
effect of backwater curve will cease.
There are several methods to determine the water profile upstream of the weirs, out of these
for our particular scheme; the profile by approximate method is selected, which is given as;.
Y = (x*s -2*Do) ^ (2/4)*Do
Where y = water rise at a distance X u/s of the weir above the normal water depth
X = distance from the crest to the pt where y is required to be determined
s= slope of the river bed(s = 0.023)(from tail water depth determination)
Do = rise of water above the normal water depth at the weir site. (x = 0)=h+Hd=
First let’s determine the end point where y becomes zero
Then;
Where, Do= U/S HFL - D/S HFL = 0.72m but take Do = 1 m
X =2Do/S = 2*1/0.023 = 88.6 m

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  Back      
water
Afflux X x Y slope

1.000 88.60012 8.86 0.81 0.0226

1.000   11.08 0.77 0.0226
1.000   14.77 0.69 0.0226
1.000   22.15 0.56 0.0226
1.000   44.30 0.25 0.0226
1.000   88.60 0.00 0.0226

Therefore the effect of construction of weir on the water profile during peak flood ceases at
89 m away from the axis. However the topographic nature of the river is too much valley it’s
not flat and there are some problems of water spill along the side of the river bank. Hence
only providing a suitable length of Retaining wall can protect the weir body.

5.17. Design of the Weir body

In addition to satisfying the hydraulics of the weir the weir section is designed for no tension
and no sliding criteria, thus fixing the top and bottom widths of the weir wall accordingly.
According to Bligh’s formula, the basic section of weir body for not submerged condition is
determined as follows.

Bottom width,

Top width, b1 =
Where P = height of weir = 1.2 m
Hd = actual energy head over crest = 1.922m
 = Specific weight of weir body made of concrete = 2.5
B2 = (1.2+1.922)/(2.5-1)^0.5 = 2.55m
The top width B1;
B1 = 1.922 / (2.5-1) ^0.5 = 1.57m
Therefore, for preliminary design 2.6 m for bottom width and 1.6m as a top width are
adopted.
However adequacy of the weir section should be checked according to the stability
requirement for static condition and for dynamic condition.
 Stability Analysis of the weir

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Introduction
During designing the section of the weir body the adequacy of the weir body sections must be
checked according to the stability requirement for the dynamic case and static case. Besides
Bligh’s formula weir body section determination adequacy of the weir body section is
analyzed as below.
A weir or a retaining wall body section must fulfill be safe against the following ways of
failures by fulfilling a required safety factor or allowable standard.
1) Stability against over turning
F. S > 1.5, F.S = M+ /M-
Where F.S = factor of safety
M+ = summation of resisting moments about reference point.
M- = summation of overturning moments about a reference point
2) Stability against Sliding
F. S <0.75, F.S = H/V,
Where H =Summation of horizontal forces
V = summation of vertical forces
3) Stability against over stress (tension)
e< a, where e is eccentricity & a= B/6
Where B/6= base width of a structure for which stability analysis is made
But e= (B/2) – x, and x= M/V, where M = M+-M- is the difference b/n positive &
negative moments
X is the arm length of the resultant force from the toe.
And X should be less or equal to 2/3 of the base width B, Generally, if e<a, no tension is
developed at any point in the considered structure.
4) Stability against over compression
cp = [V/B]* (1+6e/B) should be less than the allowable compressive strength of a material
from which the structure is made
Where  cp = compressive strength at a required point.

5) Stability against buoyancy:

For submerged structures (Like the weir and the retaining walls, Wm /U >1 Where Wm
= Weight of the material and U = the uplift pressure
6) The Contact pressure on foundation
P1= (V)*(1+6e/B) in t/m
P2= (V)*(1-6e/B) in t/m
7. The foundation reaction

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R1= (B/2)*(P1-P2) in t/m
R2= (B)*(P2) in t/m
 Stability Analysis for the weir body (Dynamic Case)
Only dynamic case of stability analysis is made omitting static case analysis. This is because,
if the same structure is safe against dynamic flow, it must be safe in the static condition also.
Conditions:
- Up lift pressure was considered for the General weir section only.
- Water wedge weight was considered for weir crest only
- Downstream water pressure was considered
- Unit Weight of:
 water is 1 t/m3
 sound masonry is 2 t/m3
 Reinforced concrete is 2.5 t/m3
 Mass concrete is 2.3 t/m3
 Soil is 1.8 t/m3
- Moment is taken about the toe per meter width.
Data
Unit weight of water ϒw 1 t/m³
Unit weight of masonry ϒm 2.3 t/m³
Unit weight of silt ϒs = 1.36 t/m³
Weir height,h 1.2 m
Actual water depth above weir crest Hd 1.922 m
P+Hd 3.122 m
Pre-Jump water depth, d1 0.705 m
Critical water depth dc 1.36591498 m
Weir top width, b1 1.60 m
Weir bottom width B 3 m
B-b1 1.4 m
Depth of foundation, D 0.5 m

Force acting on the weir body

Ite Force description per unit length Hor Ver. Moment Pos. Neg.
m Force Force arm Moment Moment
.
1 Silt & water pressure.          
1.1 Psw = 1/2*(h^2)*ϒw 0.98   0.40   0.39
1.2 Water pressure         0.00
1.3 Pw1=ϒw*A=ϒw*h*Hd 2.31   0.60   1.38
1.4 Pw2=ϒw*A=0.5*ϒw*Hd*Hd 1.85   0.40   0.74
1.5 Pd=ϒw*A=-0.5*ϒw*d1*d1 -0.25   0.24   0.06
1.6 Ww=ϒw*A=ϒw*dc*b1   2.19 2.20 4.81  
2 Weight of weir       0.00  
2.1 W1 = b1*h*ϒm   4.42 2.20 9.72  
2.2 W2 = 1/2*(B-b1)*h*ϒm   1.93 0.93 1.80  

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2.3 W4=ϒm*A=ϒm*B   6.90 1.50 10.35  
3 Uplift pressure       0.00  
3.1 Pu1=ϒw*A=ϒw*d1*B   -2.12 1.50   3.17
3.2 Pu2 =   -4.68 2.00   9.37
ϒw*A=0.5*ϒw*(h+Hd)*(h+Hd)*B
4 TOTAL 4.88 8.64   26.68 15.11

Stability check

Table 3- 2: Stability Analysis of the weir body for dynamic case

1 Overturning Fso== ∑M+ /∑M- 1.77 > 1.5 SAFE
2 Sliding= Fss= ∑H/∑V, 0.57 < 0.65 SAFE
3 Bouyance= ∑Downward 2.27 > 1 SAFE
force/∑Upward force
4 Over stress (tension)=Ft=>e<B/6        
4. X=∑M(+&-)/∑VF 1.34      
1
4. "I e I" IB/2-XI 0.1607 < 0.19 STABLE
2
5 Ccompression        
5. P1=∑VF/B*(1+6*e/B) 3.80 < 100 SAFE
1
5. P2=∑VF/B*(1-6*e/B) 1.95 < 100 SAFE
2
  Fondation reaction        
  R1=0.5*B*(P1-P2) 2.78      
  R2=B*P2 5.86      
  ∑R =R1+R2 8.64      
6 Min. Depth of found. = 0.05 < 1.2 SAFE
Therefore the weir section with top width 1.6m, bottom width 3.0 m and foundation depth
0.5m is designed as a stable economical section for the dynamic condition.

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Stability Analysis for the weir body (Static Case) at pond level
Data
Unit weight of water ϒw 1 t/m³
Unit weight of masonry ϒm 2.5 t/m³
Unit weight of silt ϒs = 1.36 t/m³
Weir height,h 1.2 m
Actual water depth above weir crest Hd 1.922 m
P+Hd 3.122 m
Pre-Jump water depth, d1 0.654 m
Critical water depth dc 1.366 m
Weir top width, b1 1.6 m
Weir bottom width B 3 m
B-b1 1.4 m
Depth of foundation, D 0.5 m

Force acting on the weir body

Ite Force description per unit Hor Ver. Moment Pos. Neg.
m length Force Force arm Moment . Moment
1 Silt & water pressure.          
1.1 Psw = 1/2*(h^2)*ϒw 0.98   0.40   0.39
1.2 Water pressure          
1.3 Pw1=ϒw*A=ϒw*h*h 1.44   0.40   0.58
1.4 Pw2=ϒw*A=0.5*ϒw*Hd*Hd          
1.5 Pd=ϒw*A=-0.5*ϒw*d1*d1          
1.6 Ww=ϒw*A=ϒw*dc*b1          
2 Weight of weir          
2.1 W1 = b1*h*ϒm   4.80 2.20 10.56  
2.2 W2 = 1/2*(B-b1)*h*ϒm   2.10 0.93 1.96  
2.3 W4=ϒm*A=ϒm*B   7.50 1.50 11.25  
3 Uplift pressure          
3.1 Pu1=ϒw*A=ϒw*d1*B   -1.96 1.50   2.94
3.2 Pu2 =   -4.68 2.00   9.37
ϒw*A=0.5*ϒw*(h+Hd)*(h+Hd)*
B
4 TOTAL 2.42 7.76   23.77 13.28

Stability check

Table 3-3: Stability Analysis of the weir body for static case
  Stability against      
1 Overturning Fso== ∑M+ /∑M- 1.79 > 1.5 SAFE
2 Sliding= Fss= ∑H/∑V, 0.31 < 0.65 SAFE
3 Bouyance= ∑Downward force/∑Upward 2.17 > 1 SAFE
force

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4 Over stress (tension)=Ft=>e<B/6        
4.1 X=∑M(+&-)/∑VF 1.35      
4.2 "I e I" IB/2-XI 0.146 < 0.19 STABLE
9
5 Ccompression        
5.1 P1=∑VF/B*(1+6*e/B) 3.34 < 100 SAFE
5.2 P2=∑VF/B*(1-6*e/B) 1.83 < 100 SAFE
  Fondation reaction        
  R1=0.5*B*(P1-P2) 2.28      
  R2=B*P2 5.48      
  ∑R =R1+R2 7.76      
6 Min. Depth of found. = 0.05 < 1.2 SAFE

Therefore the weir section with top width 1.6m, bottom width 3.0 m and foundation depth
0.5m is designed as a stable economical section for the static case condition.
 Upstream and Downstream Cut off Depths
Scouring depth
To protect the upstream and downstream apron and loose river channel from scouring, cutoff
pile block protection and ripraps should be provided. To be estimated in the following table.

Table 3.4: U/S and D/S cutoff & impervious floor Analysis
Design of cutoffs and impervious floor    
Design of cutoffs    
discharge Q= 75 m3/se
crest length = 15.00 m
Weir height P = 1.2 m
HD = 1.922 m
Tail water depth=TWD 2.40 m
q = discharge per unit length of the waterway (Q/L). 5.00 m3/s/m
f = Lacey's silt factor. 15.00  
R = scour depth (m), R = 1.35 (q2/f) 1/3 1.60060 m
U/S Apron level 1708.383 m
D/S Apron level 1708.183 m
U/S HFL 1711.805 m
D/S HFL 1711.083 m
·        U/S Scour depth = 1.5*R = 2.40 m
U/Scutoff level=U/SHFL-1.5*R 1709.404 m
D/Scutoff level=D/SHFL-2*R 1707.882 m
U/Scutoff Pile depth=U/S apron level-U/S Cutofflevel=d1 -1.021 m
Hence, take the nominal depth of pile d1 0 m
D/Scutoff Pile depth=D/S apron level-D/S Cutofflevel=d2 0.301 m
Take d2= 0.5 m
Bottom Level of U/S Cuttoff Pile=U/STEL-d1 1709.40 m
X, depressed depth = 0.5 m

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·        D/S Scour depth =d2 = 1.25*R = 3.20 m
Bottom Level of D/S Cuttoff Pile=D/S TEL-d2 1707.88 m
Bed level of the down stream apron 1708.18 m
Hence depth of d/s pile =D/S Bed level-Bottom level of D/S cutoff 0.30 m
Hence, take the depth of pile d2 = 0.5 m

A. Downstream impervious floor, Ld    

Based on USBR'S basin monograph basin length Ld=2.7*Y2    
10.00 m
take L = 10.0 m
B.     U/S impervious floor, Lu    
Ld = 10.0 m
B= 3 m
d1 = 0 m
d2 = 0.5 m
Lu =L - (Ld + B + 2d1 + 2d2) 16 m
take 16 m
Hence total creep length ,L = 2*d1 + L1+ B1 + L2 + 2*d2 = 30 m

Thickness of floor
Table 3-5: D/S floor thickness Analysis

·        Point B ( D/S Floor)  

The length of percolation at the end of apron,  
LB = L-LA= 11
hB = hs - (hs/L(LB)) 0.76
PB = 0.76
tB = 4/3 ( h / (G-1) )*1.5 1.01
take 1

Also, the geology report states that they have good foundation it’s may be found at average
depth of 1 m. Therefore, according to the geological information it is safe and no need of
apron and cut off.

5.18. Design of scouring sluice

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Helps to allow the removal of silt deposited near the intake canal. This is designed to ensure
sufficient scouring capacity least to dispose of about 20% of the peak flood i.e.
20%*75m3/s= 15m3/s, this value is greater than the intake capacity.
Using a broad crested weir formula, Q=Cd* L* H 3/2
Where Q=discharge through the under sluice = 15m3/s
Cd coefficient of discharge = 1.7, L= Length of under sluice section, m
Hd= water depth above the crest of the under sluice during high flood
(h+Hd=1.2+1.922=3.122)
Hence L= Q/cd (H)3/2=15/[1.7*(3.122)3/2]=1.6m
Use L= 1.6 m width,1.2m height and 6mm thickness two slide gates on the right side along
the intake side.

5.19. Design of Intake

Intake capacity determination
One way intake is proposed in the proportion of irrigating 85ha with direct supply. Here the
capacity of the intake is computed for a discharge of 127 l/sec.
Intake capacity,
A = Q/Duty = (127L/se)/(1.11L/se/ha) =114.41ha
Intake level determination
The intake level is riverbed level plus sill height = 1708.683 + 0.3m = 1708.983m. This
elevation is equal to the elevation of Main canal at its beginning point near the head
regulator.

5.20. Design of Retaining wall

General

Generally side retaining walls are proposed to prevent overtopping of flood to the banks and
help the flood to flow in a controlled manner over the weir crest. Based on the bank stability
and amount of peak flood passing through the weir, the retaining walls are made submersible
of accommodate wall.
Stability of retaining walls is made for worst cases (the driest period, assuming the lean flow
is totally absent.) And stability against overturning sliding, over stress or tension and
compression are checked accordingly but the retaining walls are submersible.
Design of Upstream Retaining Wall

Section Design of the Upstream Retaining Wall

The upstream retaining wall is designed to have a vertical height equal at least the cumulative
depth of the weir height and actual water head over the weir to accommodate a controlled

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flood flow. The dimension of the retaining wall sections is determined according to the
stability requirement of the wall for the worst condition (static case) when there is no lateral
force of water on the vertical face of the wall and for dynamic case when there is flood.
For a worst condition (Static case)

Retaining walls for Bisho headwork is designed as flood accommodating structure. The
stability of retaining walls is made for worst cases (the driest period, assuming the lean flow
is totally absent.) And stability against overturning sliding, over stress or tension and
compression is checked about the heel of the retaining walls.
Therefore; this all dimension will be re-designed again according to the stability requirement
in the stability analysis.
Considerations:
 Analysis per meter span and moment about heel.
 Earth pressure at rest was considered.
 Drained silt clay back fill was considered.
 Maximum wing wall height H=4m
 m = 22.5 KN/m3. w = 9.81KN/m3, soil = 20KN/m3
 Drained angle of internal friction was taken 300.
 ps= ½ kos H2 where K0= 1-sin =1/3
 Wm=Weight of the wall material
 Ws=Weight of the soil material
 m=Specific weight of masonry,
 s=Specific weight of soil,
 Ø=angle of repose of the soil
 Ka=Rankin’s coefficient of active earth pressure
 = [1-sin Ø]/[1+ sin Ø]=1/3
 b=unit cross section of the wall
INPUT DATA
During flood condition    
Unit weight of water ϒw 9.81 KN/m³
Unit weight of masonry ϒm 22.5 KN/m³
Unit weight of soil ϒs = 20 KN/m³
Ka 0.33  
U/STEL 1712.58 m
U/S RBL 1708.68 m
h=U/S HFL-U/SRBL 3.90 m

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Free board fb 0.2 m
H=h+Fb 4.10 m
Take H= 4 m
Wall top width, b 0.5 m
Wall bottom width B 2.73158 m
B-b1 2.23158 m
Depth of foundation, D 0.5 m
H+d= 4.5 m

b (B-b)
Wm1
Ws
H Wm2

Ps1
Ps2 Wm3
d

B
Force Analysis

Table 3-8: Force analysis of the U/S Retaining wall

Item Force description per unit Hor Ver. Moment Pos. Neg.
length Force Force arm Moment Moment
.
1 Self-weight          
1.1 Wm1 = b*H*ϒm   45.00 0.25 11.25  
100.4
1.2 Wm2 = 1/2*(B-b)*H*ϒm   2 1.24 124.91  
1.3 Wm3=ϒm*A=ϒm*B*d   30.73 1.37 41.97  
2 Weight of overburden soil          
2.1 Ws = 1/2*(B-b)*H*ϒs   89.26 1.99 177.43  
3 Lateral Force          
3.1 Pw1=ϒw*A=0.5*ϒw*H*H 78.48   1.33 104.64  
3.2 Ps1=0.5*Ka*ϒs*(H+d)^2 -66.83   1.50   -100.24
3.3 Ps2=0.5*Ka*ϒs*d^2 0.83   0.17 0.14  
265.4
4 TOTAL 12.48 1   460.34 -100.24
∑M+ 360.100
      ∑Mn= /∑M- 1  

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Stability Analysis

Table 3-9: Stability of the U/S Retaining wall for Static case
  Stability against     Safety Status
factor
1 Overturning Fso=∑M+ /∑M- 4.59247 >  1.5 Safe
2 Sliding= Fss= ∑H/∑V, 0.04702 <  0.65 Safe
3 Over stress (tension)=Ft=>e<B/6        
3.1 X=∑M(+&-)/∑VF 1.35675      
3.2 "I e I"= IB/2-XI 0.00904 <  0.42 Safe
4 Compression        
4.1 P1=∑VF/B*(1+6*e/B) 99.0947 <  147 Safe
4.2 P2=∑VF/B*(1-6*e/B) 95.2358 <  147 Safe
 5 Foundation reaction        
  R1=0.5*B*(P1-P2) 5.27039      
  R2=B*P2 260.144      
  ∑R =R1+R2 265.414      

Therefore the retaining wall with height 4 m is stable for worst condition with top width
0.5m, bottom width 2.7m and foundation depth 0.5m.
Design of Downstream Retaining Wall
Section Design of the Downstream Retaining Wall

The downstream retaining wall is designed to have a vertical height equal at least the level of
the highest flood level to accommodate a controlled flood flow. The dimension of the
retaining wall sections is determined according to the stability requirement of the wall for the
worst condition (static case) when there is no lateral force of water on the vertical face of the
wall and for dynamic case when there is flood.
For a worst condition (Static case)

Retaining walls for Bisho headwork is designed as flood accommodating structure. The
stability of retaining walls is made for worst cases (the driest period, assuming the lean flow

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is totally absent.) And stability against overturning sliding, over stress or tension and
compression is checked about the heel of the retaining walls.
Therefore; this all dimension will be re-designed again according to the stability requirement
in the stability analysis.
Considerations:
 Analysis per meter span and moment about heel.
 Earth pressure at rest was considered.
 Drained silt clay back fill was considered.
 Maximum wing wall height H=2.5m
 m = 22.5 KN/m3. w = 9.81KN/m3, soil = 20KN/m3
 Drained angle of internal friction was taken 300.
 ps= ½ kos H2 where K0= 1-sin =1/3
 Wm=Weight of the wall material
 Ws=Weight of the soil material
 m=Specific weight of masonry,
 s=Specific weight of soil,
 Ø=angle of repose of the soil
 Ka=Rankin’s coefficient of active earth pressure
 = [1-sin Ø]/[1+ sin Ø]=1/3
 b=unit cross section of the wall
INPUT DATA
During flood condition    
Unit weight of water ϒw 9.81 KN/m³
Unit weight of masonry ϒm 22.5 KN/m³
Unit weight of soil ϒs = 20 KN/m³
Ka 0.33  
D/SHFL 1711.580 m
D/S RBL 1708.683 m
h=D/S HFL-D/SRBL 2.897 m
Free board fb 0.200 m
H=h+Fb 3.097 m
Take H= 3.100 m
Wall top width, b 0.5 m
Wall bottom width B 2.065 m
B-b1 1.565 m
Depth of foundation, D 0.5 m
H+d= 3.6 m

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b (B-b)
Wm1
Ws
H Wm2

Ps1
Ps2 Wm3
d

B
Force Analysis

Table 3-20: Force analysis of the D/S Retaining wall

Item Force description per unit Hor Force Ver. Moment Pos. Neg.
length Force arm Moment . Moment

1 Self-weight          
1.1 Wm1 = b*H*ϒm   34.88 0.25 8.72  
Wm2 = 1/2*(B-
1.2 b)*H*ϒm   54.58 1.02 55.76  
1.3 Wm3=ϒm*A=ϒm*B*d   23.23 1.03 23.98  
Weight of overburden
2 soil          
2.1 Ws = 1/2*(B-b)*H*ϒs   48.51 1.54 74.87  
3 Lateral Force          
Pw1=ϒw*A=0.5*ϒw*H*
3.1 H 47.14   1.03 48.71  
Ps1=0.5*Ka*ϒs*(H+d)^
3.2 2 -42.77   1.20   -51.32
3.3 Ps2=0.5*Ka*ϒs*d^2 0.83   0.17 0.14  
161.1
4 TOTAL 5.19 9   212.17 -51.32
∑M+ 160.851
      ∑Mn= /∑M- 7  

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Stability Analysis
Table 3.11: Stability of the D/S Retaining wall for Static case
  Stability against     Safety factor Status
1 Overturning Fso=∑M+ /∑M- 4.134 >  1.5 Safe
2 Sliding= Fss= ∑H/∑V, 0.032 <  0.65 Safe
3 Over stress (tension)=Ft=>e<B/6        
3.1 X=∑M(+&-)/∑VF 0.998      
3.2 "I e I"= IB/2-XI 0.035 <  0.42 Safe
4 Compression        
4.1 P1=∑VF/B*(1+6*e/B) 85.906 <  147 Safe
4.2 P2=∑VF/B*(1-6*e/B) 70.220 <  147 Safe
 5 Foundation reaction        
  R1=0.5*B*(P1-P2) 16.195      
  R2=B*P2 144.999      
  ∑R =R1+R2 161.194      

Therefore the retaining wall with height 3.1 m is stable for worst condition with top width
0.5m, bottom width 2.0m and foundation depth 0.5m.

5.21. IRRIGATION SYSTEM DESIGN

5.22. General
The irrigation system comprises canals to provide and distribute the irrigation water and
drains to collect and remove excess irrigation water and surface runoff. The layouts of the
canals, drains and access road systems have been designed based on the new topographic
survey carried out along the Main, secondary and tertiary canals and superimposed on the FS
topographic map.
The total project command area is divided into 18 command areas having 1.699 km of Main
Canal. Each command area is irrigated by a network of secondary and tertiary canals.

5.23. Need for Irrigation

The population of the project area is totally dependent on rain fed agriculture, where by the
rainfall is expected one in a year only. Along this line, the other concern is fast growing
population from year to year without noticeable increase in food production to satisfy the
demands which would ultimately endanger the food security of the area. In general, the
populations are not self-sufficient in food production.

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The irrigation facility for 95 hectares of land, if provided, will improve the crops in quantity
as well as in quality. Therefore, during the present hardship of food shortage it is the more
essential to bring more area under irrigation to increase food production.

5.24. Water Abstraction

The source of water for the project is Bisho River. Water abstraction is through gravity
system that possesses an intake structure situated at the coordinate of 37 UTM. 353408.6N
and 860283.13E with an average intake bed elevation of 1708.683m.a.sl upstream. The
hydrology, hydro geologic condition of the stream is discussed in detail on the study and
design part of headwork.

5.25. Irrigation Efficiency

The determination of Irrigation water requirement should also account for losses of water
incurred during conveyance, evaporation, seepage and application to the field. These losses
are expressed as a fraction of efficiencies.
Based on the level of the technical and management capacity of the farmers expected to be
acquired in the future training the following irrigation efficiencies have been considered for
the scheme.

Conveyance efficiency (Ec) 0.90

Distribution Canal Efficiency (Eop) 0.53
Application efficiency (Ea) 0.60
Overall irrigation efficiency (Ep) 0.286

5.26. Selection of Irrigation Methods and Distribution system

The method of application of irrigation water is depending on the topography, economy, type
of soil, crop type, crop growth stage, water quality and quantity, previous experiences of
Beneficiaries’ attitude and other factors.
The method of application of irrigation water is depending on the
 Natural topographic features,
 Slope, soil type
 Type of crop,
 Required depth of irrigation application,
 Level of technology,
 Simplicity for operation and maintenance and
 Required labor inputs are some of the major factors taken into account for the
selection of suitable method of irrigation which best feet the local circumstances.

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Referring to the above factors, surface irrigation method for flood irrigation has been
selected though loss of water is higher than other methods. To overcome the erosion problem
inside the farm the length and width of the basin should be shorter.
The irrigation system canal network includes main, secondary, tertiary and feeder canals. For
the sake of economy, safety, management and easily operation criteria, the water distribution
system of the project should be as follows.
 The canal network system from main canal to feeder canal operates
continuously.
 The feeder canal that is branched from tertiary canal operates rotational within
each tertiary level.
 To facilitate the rotation system, there should be water association in the project
area. This association controls and manages the duration of each field canal
within the block unit size.
 The position of each turnout of the field canal should be as shown on the plan
unless it is not on the ridge part during actual construction time.

5.27. Conveyance System

The conveyance system consists of major Main canal, secondary canals, and tertiary canals;
tertiary canals branched from the secondary canals. The major main canal starts from Water
abstraction site on the right side and conveys water for a length 1699 m along the contour.
Secondary canals are designed as originates from the main canal. The canal alignment is
designed as the main canal and tertiary canals to be aligned along contour and secondary
canals across contour. The final feeder canals are aligned across contour to supply water to
the farm.

5.28. Distribution System

The branched tertiary canals convey water along the contour line and feeder canals are
designated as the final distribution system across the contour line.
The Layout process of the distribution system has involved several steps and the following
parameters.
 The possible furrow length is not to exceed 100m
 The location of head work structures in relation to the maximum ground level in the
unit of the provision of drainage.
 The irrigation is provided to rotation in the tertiary and field canals.
 Main canal flow is continues flow type in the irrigation hours a day;
 Application depths derived from an analysis of share of the diverted water with
respect to the area of the field unit and crop water requirement.

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 Maximum water level in the tertiary off take along tertiary canal has been determined.
 Crest level of the Tertiary off take has been determined based on the respective width
of water way.
 In addition the tertiary irrigation layout have been set mainly based on the
topographic and soil properties, Crop characteristics, and compatibility of the system
with the farm operation
5.29. Scheme Layout
The planning for the canal layout was prepared on the complete layout for small-scale
irrigation system from primary to field channels for the entire command area on topographic
map with scale 1:1000 and contour interval of 0.5-2.5 meter. Several alternatives were
considered for the conveyance and distribution system. The most promising and economical
of these alternatives were recommended for more details refer the canal capacity design.
The irrigation system comprises four major components: the main canal, secondary canals,
tertiary canal and drainage system.
The distribution system is designed to deliver water from the diversion to the farm system
and the drainage system for the disposal of excess rainfall and irrigation water from the
command area.
All the farm drain system is aligned and designed to drain to the river through tertiary drains.
In designing the drainage system each tertiary block has been provided with a field drain so
as to collect excess irrigation water from each tertiary block. The tertiary drains discharge in
to tertiary drains discharge into the Bisho River.
The following are important elements in the preparation of layout:
 Important topographical factors;
 Field slope and its uniformity
 Off take points and levels are the most in the design of tertiary canals.
 Boundaries of the tertiary units are determined based on topographic features
particularly drainage channels
 Sizes of the canals are determined based on the requirement in the field unit and
share of water for respective areas planned to irrigate for each field unit.

5.30. Command Area Arrangement

The command area is dictated by the topographical features like natural drainage, foot hills
etc. It also depends on the proposed Full Supply Level (FSL) of the canal. In Bisho Small
Scale Irrigation Project the command boundary is delineated between by the steep slopes of
Valley River. The command area is 95ha. The actual delineation of the command area after

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the detailed topographic maps is also found to be 95ha. However the main design constraint
is the river minimum flow.

Figure 4.1 Location command area of Bisho SSIP

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5.31. Design of Irrigation Canals

5.32. General
Design of earthen canals should be based on criteria that to be non-silting when conveying
sediment laden water, and to be non-scouring when carrying silt free water. Unlined
trapezoidal shaped canals are the most common and economic solution in most irrigation
schemes in all situation of terrain. The flow of water in irrigation canal is classified as steady
uniform flow. The canal sections should be chosen ideal for construction and maintenance
enabling cost effective & economical
The irrigation canals are designed to distribute water properly in the system that will make
the project possible and efficient. The purpose of the design of main and secondary canal
lines is to distribute water just as evenly from the intake to the Tertiary canals and further to
the command area and Whereas, the drainage canals are designed to dispose water from the
field which may create water logging in the field.
Soil and crop characteristics represent basic quantities in the compatibility of the canal
hydraulic parameters. Diversion water and respective command areas are important variables
for designation of command statement and design of canal Section.
Though there are many classifications of canal and drain types, this project classified canals
according to their purposes. There are three types of canals, two types of drains and culvert
in the system.
 Main canal
 Secondary canals
 Tertiary canal and Tertiary drain
 Feeder canal and Field drain.
For the design, discharge for the proposed irrigated area is first worked out with duty without
flexibility factor and then the discharge is calculated with flexibility factor for the canal for
which design is considered. The lined part of the canal is designed as triangular section and
the unlined earthen part as trapezoidal section.

5.33. Canal Capacity Determination

The main objective of canal capacity Determination is to determine the canal section to
convey the required quantity of water for the growth of a plant. The main design inputs are

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estimation of crop water requirement, analysis of cropping pattern, estimation of effective
rainfall and estimation of irrigation efficiency.

Table 6-2: location and area of secondary canals to tertiary canals

  SOURC TERCIARY LENGTH AREA (ha) DUTY Qreq
E CANAL (m) (L/sec/ha) (L/sec)
CANAL
1 SC-1 TC-1 262 4.14 1.11 4.1
2 SC-1 TC-3 252 4.15 1.11 6.5
3 SC-1 TC-5 250 4.28 1.11 6.5
4 SC-1 TC-7 234 4.19 1.11 6.5
5 SC-1 TC-9 273 5.77 1.11 10.0
6 SC-1 TC-2 265 2.94 1.11 5.1
7 SC-1 TC-4 184 3.30 1.11 6.2
8 SC-1 TC-6 190 3.54 1.11 5.1
9 SC-1 TC-8 200 3.39 1.11 7.6
10 SC-2 TC -2 365 5.13 1.11 8.7
11 SC-2 TC-4 584 6.34 1.11 8.7
12 SC-2 TC-6 370 5.87 1.11 6.1
13 SC-2 TC-8 148 4.34 1.11 4.1
14 SC-2 TC-10 245 1.42 1.11 9.3
15 SC-2 TC-12 347 6.49 1.11 13.6
16 SC-2 TC-1 422 4.34 1.11 10.6
17 SC-2 TC-3 301 1.04 1.11 5.1
18 SC-2 TC-5 67 6.49 1.11 7.6

5.34. Canal Design Criteria

5.35. Maximum Velocity and Roughness Coefficient

The main, secondary and tertiary canals are designed to dry stone withstand the maximum
average velocities and roughness. The canal system design follows the underneath
recommended values.

Table 6-3 Recommended values of max velocity and roughness coefficient

Lining type Max velocity (m/s) Roughness(n)

Vi 1 0.02

The maximum velocities are determined based on the USBR design recommendations.
Maximum velocity is to be 1 m/s and at worst condition and higher depth up to 0.56 m/sec

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and minimum velocity is taken up to 0.33 m/s. The Manning’s coefficient in earthen channel
varies with the bed material. Earthen canals with grass and sod is taken the value n = 0.025.

5.36. Canal Cross-Sections and Side Slopes

For earthen canals trapezoidal shaped canals are the most common practical and economic
section in most irrigation schemes and applied in this project as well. The side slopes of
earthen canal are made according to the geo - technique investigation findings, recommends
1:1.5 side slopes.

5.37. Bed width / Depth ratio

For the main canal bed width to water depth ratio of (b/d) 1 for main canal and others 1.5 is
used as an economical section.

5.38. Canal Embankments

The embankment width gives services for mobilization of construction materials to the
construction of canal embankment and maintenance of the canal, provided that the canal is
fully in fill. In reaches where canal is partially fill and comfortable to construct without
mobilizing on the embankment; the embankment width is determined to remain the seepage
hydraulic gradient within the embankment section. The minimum embankment width used in
main canal, secondary canal and tertiary canals are lined canal 0.15 to 0.3 and unlined canal
0.2 to 0.5 meters respectively recommended top width.

5.39. Freeboard to Embankment Top

In the design of canals free board Lacey's formula is used, Fb = 0.2 + 0.235* Q 1/3 and
comparison is made with USBR recommendation. Freeboard for main canal is varying from
0.15 to 0.20 m but the amount of discharge is < 0.5 so adopt 0.15m Freeboard in the
secondary canal and tertiary canal is 0.15m.

5.40. Radii of Curvatures

Canals need much tighter radius of curvature since they are protected against bank erosion.
Hence, a radius of 3 x water surface width is adopted.

5.41. Design of Lined Main Canal

The main canal conveys water from head work intake structure to command area has a total
length of 1,699m along contour for its entire length. The canal capacity has been designed
based on crop water requirement prepared for the proposed cropping pattern.
The main canal is proposed for irrigation on right flanks of diversion weir. After the survey
of command area, the FSL of canal at outlet from weir is fixed at EL 1709.983m elevation.

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According to the FSL of canal and available contour map of command on 1:1,000 scales, the
canal alignment of the canal has been tentatively finalized
As presented above the main design constraint of the main canal section is the amount of base
flow. Hence the design of 130 (lit/sec) based on the 10 hour duty 1.11 (lit/sec/ha), about 95ha
of the command area can be irrigated with continuous supply.
The main canal is rectangular masonry section it is difficult for construction for a length of
1100m; secondary canal trapezoidal lined canal and tertiary canals are trapezoidal earthen
canal section.

5.42. Design of Main Canal are Rectangular lined canal

2 1
3 2
AR S
Q=
n
Where:
Q= Design discharge (m3/s),
n = Manning roughness coefficient (n=0.025, for masonry),
S= Design bed slope (m/m),
R=Hydraulic radius (m),
A=Cross sectional area of flow=B*d.
B should be determined for best hydraulic rectangular section i.e. B=d and
Perimeter P=3d.
Hence, R=d/3 for flow depth, d, of the canal.

The hydraulic parameters for main canal are shows in figure 5.1 below.
Fb

d
B

Figure 5-2: Typical Section of Lined Main Canal Parameters

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Table 5.1 Design canal parameter of lined Main canal

Bed Water
free S. Bed Q V D
Canal Width b/d Depth n
board Slope Slope (m3/sec) (m/sec) (m)
(m) (m)
From
0.50 1 0.50 0.20 0 0.001 0.02 0.120 0.48 0.70
HW MC

5.43. Design of Secondary Canal are Trapezoidal lined canal

2 1
3 2
AR S
Q=
n
Where:
Q= Design discharge, (m3/s),
n = Manning roughness coefficient,(0.025)
S= Design bed slope (m/m),
R=Hydraulic radius (m),
A=Cross sectional area of flow (m2).
Data Inputs
 Q = design flow (m3/sec)
 B/y= correction factor for turning the results by adjusting the computed b/d ratio.
 S = Design bed slope (m/m)
 M= Design side slope (m/m)
 n= Roughness coefficient (n)
 b = Design bed width (m)
 Out Puts
 V = Average velocity (m/sec),
 Y = Water depth (m),
 B/y = ratio b/n depth & width
 T = Top width (m)

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Table 5-3 Sample design of earthen canal section for all tertiary canals
S. N. Parameter Values
1 Bed Width (m) 34
2 Width to depth ratio =b/d 1.5
3 Depth (m) 0.23
4 Side Slope 1.5
5 X- sectional area A (m2) 0.15
6 Wetted perimeter P (m) 1.16
7 Hydraulic radius R 0.13
(2/3)
8 R 0.26
9 Longitudinal Slope =1/1000 0.001
10 S0.5 0.0316
11 Manning’s coefficient n 0.025
12 Q (m3/sec) 0.05
13 Q (l/sec) 50
14 V (m/sec) 0.33
15 free board 0.15
16 D 0.38
17 Qd 0.05
18 qd=Qd/Average canal width 0.07
19 dc =(q2/g)1/3 0.08
20 If d>dc,the flow is sub critical sub critical

The secondary canals are trapezoidal lined canal; tertiary canals all have trapezoidal earthen
canal section in the canal network lay-out system. In most cases the tertiary canals (TCs) run
along the contour direction.

5.1. Design of Tertiary Canal (Sample Design)

Since the required discharge for the duty 1.11 l/sec/ha for each TC and FC is small. Therefore
the capacity of each TC and feeder canal has been designed for a discharge of 15 l/sec and
serves the irrigation as a rotational pattern.
The design discharges of TCs are such that the bottom widths of all the tertiary canals have
been kept in average 0.15m.

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Table 5-4 Sample design of earthen canal section for all tertiary canals

S. N. Parameter Values
1 Bed Width (m) 0.15
2 Width to depth ratio 1.50
=b/d
3 Depth (m) 0.10
4 Side Slope 1.5
5 X- sectional area A (m2) 0.03
6 Wetted perimeter P (m) 0.51
7 Hydraulic radius R 0.06
8 R (2/3) 0.26
9 Longitudinal Slope 0.001
=1/1000
10 S0.5 0.032
11 Manning’s coefficient n 0.025
12 Q (m3/sec) 0.01
13 Q (l/sec) 5.74
14 V (m/sec) 0.19
15 free board 0.15
16 D 0.25
17 Qd 0.01
18 qd=Qd/Average canal 0.02
width
19 dc =(q2/g)1/3 0.03
20 If d>dc,the flow is sub sub
critical critical

Figure 5-3: Typical Section of Earthen Canal Parameters

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5.2. Feeder Canal
In the farm system there are two secondary canals originates from the main canal. All feeder
canals run across the contour lines. The design discharge of the feeder canals is similar to the
tertiary canal corresponding to each feeder canal. The difference between feeder and tertiary
canal lays on the fact that, the feeder canals will supply to the plots whereas the tertiary
canals feed to a number of feeder canals. A farm block served by a feeder canal is bounded
by feeder canal and tertiary drain. Almost a design furrow length of 80-100 meters was
selected as the maximum feasible after examination of the ground slopes, soil types and
infiltration rate and Woreda area irrigation practices.
In this canal network there are twenty nine feeder canals originating from the tertiary canals
and nine from the main canal.
Feeder canals design capacity should be optimum so as to be managed by an individual
farmer. The capacity of field canals is designed to be equal to the capacity of the
corresponding tertiary canal. Apart from the discharge, velocity, and bed slope of the canal,
all other design criterion of the feeder canals and the corresponding tertiary are similar (side
slope=1.5, in average bed width, b=0.15m, Manning’s roughness coefficient, n= 0.025 and
free board 0.15).

5.3. Design of Canals Longitudinal Profile

After designing the x-section of each canal network system, longitudinal profile is plotted
using canal sec. Based on preliminary design of the canal x-section, L-section is generated.
Using this generated L- section, the hydraulic parameters are revised until the best cost and
technically effective longitudinal sections generated.
Based on this principle, L-sections for the main canal at different reaches and for all
secondary canals net work system are generated. The typical x-sections are attached within
the longitudinal section.
Hence the longitudinal sections consist of hydraulic parameters, typical x-sections and other
relevant information for each canal system. In generals, the following information is added in
longitudinal sections:-
1) Discharge (m3/sec)
2) Depth and width of canal (m)
3) Bed level (m)
4) Water level (W.L.) (m.)
5) Ground level (G.L.) (m.)
6) G.L. – W.L. (m)

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7) Reduced distance (m)
8) Bed Slope
9) Location of off- taking channels/outlets
10) Location cross drainage works.
11) Location of structures.
NB: for more information, Please refer each L-section developed by z-profile on the drawing
Album.

5.4. Drainage Canals

Field and secondary drains are provided within the system. In most cases the fields drains are
aligned parallel to field canals and they directly collect drained water from field and dispose
to secondary drains. The secondary drains dispose-off their discharge in to the river at the
valley bottom and are designed to dispose-off the maximum of the tertiary canal capacity.

5.5. DESIGN OF IRRIGATION STRUCTURES

5.6. General
The introduction of modern irrigation scheme should strive for high efficiency of water
distribution and application on the farms. This can be achieved through provision of
appropriate irrigation structures in the system. The main types of structures required to
facilitate the distribution systems are
Division Boxes,
Drops,
Off takes,
Road crossing or footpath culvert on the road.
They should be designed as simply as possible to be operated by the farmers.The structures
are made of masonry and/or concrete. Hence the analysis made for sizing of appropriate
structures. A minimum 1.5m length of cemented stone pitching is provided as a protection at
the inlet and outlet of all structures.

5.7. Division Box/Off takes

It is made of masonry. It is provided on the secondary canals to divide the flows to their
respective territory canals. Here are two (2) division boxes and eighteen (18) off-takes
provided on the main canal, secondary canals and tertiary canals respectively.
It regulates the flow from one canal (supply canal) to another or to several other canals
(distributors). It consists of a box with vertical side walls on which controllable openings are
provided. Slide gates (Stop logs) are installed to regulate the division of flow at all times.

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Here most of the division box is a one way type and in some condition it can also be designed
as in combination with drop structures. Turn outs are provided on the field canal just to
divert the water from field channel to the furrow and then to the field.

NB: - All the results of the computed hydraulic parameters and structural analysis with the
type of canal structures are shown on table developed by excel sheet in the Annex part and
besides the typical design drawing also attached within the design drawing Album. Kindly
refer it for more information.

Figure 6-1: Typical Section of Division Box

5.8. Drop Structures

The drops are provided at places where the ground slope is steeper than the canal bed slopes.
Here two types of drop design are used based on their demand. For irrigation canals having
small discharge, vertical drop structure of U.S.B R type standard is selected to convey water
from higher to lower elevation of the ground. This type of drop is selected for drop height
less than 2.0m and it is simplest and appropriate.
The drops are provided at places where the ground slope is steeper than the canal bed slopes.
It helps to bring down full supply levels by the depth equal to the height of fall. Here for
irrigation canals having small discharge, vertical drop structure was selected to convey water
from higher to lower elevation of the ground. This type of drop is selected for drop height
less than 2.5m and it is simplest and appropriate for construction.
Generally the principles used for the hydraulic design of such types of structures include the
determination of the following factors.

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A. Critical Hydraulic
Design discharge, Q (m3/s)
Height of drop, h (m)
0. 734 Q
3/2
(m)
Width of drop, bc = d
Where d = water depth of the canal, m
Critical discharge, q = Q/bc

()
1/3
q2
Critical depth, dc = g
Lip height, a = dc/2, a  0.15
B. Stilling Basin
18 . 46 √ Q
,m
Basin width, Bl = Q +9 . 91

[ ( ) ] √ hdc , m
3
1 .1 dc dc
2. 5+ +0 . 7
Basin length, Bw = h h

C. Protection Work
1. Length of u/s protection,

2. Length of d/s protection,

SC - Typical Drop

fall
1
2
d-1
d-2

Figure6.2:- Typical drop structure.

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5.9. Road crossing or footpath
Whenever canal crosses existing roads, having communication links between two places a
crossing structure shall be provided in this project there are six footpaths existing in the
command area. One of the six footpaths cross the main canal and the remain five foot paths
cross the secondary canal elements in the network. Rectangular box culvert has been
proposed for foot paths to be provided.

5.10. Regulating Structure

Control structures are provided at head regulator with gate to enable the entry of the required
amount of discharge to the intake structure say main canal and a scouring sluice gate for the
flushing of silt. The control structure is designed for a 50 years.
Hydraulic designs of the canal Regulating Structure are set for the following functions.
 Conveying the flow in the canal
 Distribution of water in the feeder and tertiary
 Turning the flow in feeder and tertiary canals on and off

5.11. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

7.1. General

The main objective of the operation and maintenance aspect of an irrigation scheme is to
facilitate the timely delivery of the required irrigation water to farms and to keep the
irrigation system in an optimum operating condition. This section therefore, discusses the
main functions of the subject matter under consideration for the scheme.

7.2. Operation of the head work

Operation at the diversion weir mainly focuses on the diversion of a controlled flow of river
water, timely cleaning of floating debris in front of intake and removal of sediment deposits
in front of the weir and intake structures.
The design discharge of the main canal is 156 l/sec for continuous flow of 10 hour irrigation
period during dry season irrigation.

7.3. Irrigation system operation

The operation of the irrigation system depends mainly on the method of water delivery at
farm level. Surface irrigation method is the recommended type of water distribution and
application method for this Scheme.

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The farmers would organize themselves and form groups in order to handle the water
management. Rotational water distribution would be applied within the group. The
rotational distribution is then to distribute water by turn to the whole scheme according to the
timely need of crop water requirement. For better and efficient water management, crop
diversification should be avoided within a group. This would reduce the complexity of water
distribution system of the scheme during one irrigation season. At farmers’ level of operation,
a constant flow and variable irrigation time is advisable.

7.4. Maintenance requirement

The maintenance tasks are categorized into two types: - routine activities, and repairs. The
routine maintenance activities that are carried out periodically include:-
 Regular cleaning of sediments and weeds from canals and drains,
 Inspection and lubrication of gates; and
 Maintenance of cracked lined canals, regulating and control structures.
 Repair works include task carried out more frequently and quickly, and include those
task that are generally unpredictable. They also include emergency works. The
activities included in this category are:-
 Repairing overtopped or breached canals, drains, and flood protection dykes;
 Repairing jammed gates;
 Filling holes made by wild animals; and
 Reduced free board due to walking over by people and livestock.
Regular inspection of the irrigation facilities should be carried out as part of the maintenance
activities. These tasks could be carried out immediately after the end of the main rains during
the rainy season. This could concentrate on the interceptor drains and the flood protection
dykes, the main canal and the field drains. The inspection of the other works like the tertiary
canals, field drains, and the water control and regulating structures could be carried out as
part of routine operation activities.

5.12. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Bisho Small Scale Irrigation Project, which covers 85 ha of command land, is expected to
benefit about 170 beneficiaries assuming 0.5 ha per family. For Project sustainability, the
following recommendations have to be considered.
 Water users associations should be established and an IrrigationDevelopment agent
should be assigned right after project implementation

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 Though the field ditches & field drain collectors are designed in this study , the
construction part is left for farmers as community participation.
 There should be good water management as the command has a roiling to undulating
slope , winch can create erosion
 Bench terraced irrigation farm system is recommended to be adopted by the farmers
field to avoid the drop structures at field canal system

5.13. BILL OF QUANTITIES AND COST ESTIMATE

a. Bill of Quantities
The bill of quantities for each type of work item is taken from the design drawing of the
respective structure. It is calculated by using a takeoff sheet on excel program. Dimensions
are sometimes averaged for similar work items in a structure. Canal excavation and fill
quantities are calculated together with profile exercises. All the calculations including the
dimension (takeoff) sheet are annexed with the report.
b. Cost Estimation

Before the estimation of cost of each item of work in the project, a unit rate analysis is made
based on the prevailing costs of inputs; namely material, labor and machinery required to get
the item of work done. In the analysis transportation costs of materials from supply
points/centers as for example stone and sand quarry sites, up to the site has been made to be
included.

SUMMARY OF BILLS
BISHO IRRIGATION PROJECT
BIL DESCRIPTION AMOUNT
L No BIRR
1 GENERAL ITEMS
197,500.00
2 CONSTRUCTION OF COFFER DAM FOR DIVERSIOON 87,984.00
ARRANGEEMENT
3 CONSTRUCTION OF DIVERSION WEIR AND 877,006.06
APPARTENENT STRUCTURES
4 CONSTRUCTION OF MAIN CANAL AND STRUCTURES 6,669,800.58
5 FARM SYSTEM AND APPURTENANT STRUCTURES 533,504.70
  Total 8,365,795.34
  VAT 15 % 1,254,869.30

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  Grand Total Project Cost (Birr) 9,620,664.64

Bill PART - 1: General Items

Item No Description Uni Quantity Unit Cost Amount
t
1 Contractual Requirements        
1.1 Allow for mobilization LS
1.00 10,000.00 10,000.00
1.2 Allow for demobilization LS
1.00 7,000.00 7,000.00
2 Allow for contractors camp and      
facilities -
2.1 4*5m2 , Living room for contractors LS
key personnel, CIS G32 and 1.00 25,000.00 25,000.00
internally painted chip wood wall,
Masonry floor cement screened and
well ventilated room complete with
doors and windows.
2.2 5*5m2, Store constructed from CIS LS
G32with doors and windows, 1.00 30,000.00 30,000.00
Masonry floor cement screened
2.3 6*4m2 (Toilet and Shower rooms) LS
constructed from CIS G32with doors 1.00 35,000.00 35,000.00
and vintlat windows, Masonry floor
cement screened
2.4 Barbed wire fence 80m and 2.5m LS
high treated timber post complete 1.00 12,000.00 12,000.00
with 4 m wide gate and a CIS G32
guard house (1.5*2m)
2.4 Allow for temporary access road to Km
site of 5m width 4.00 5,000.00 20,000.00
2.5 Dewatering of open trenches and LS
excavations, temporary diversion of 1.00 7,000.00 7,000.00
the stream flow
  Provide Engineer’s office net floor LS
area of 30m2, CIS G32 and internally 1.00 30,000.00 30,000.00
painted chip wood wall, Masonry
floor cement screed and well
ventilated room complete with

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doors and windows
  Provide furniture’s for the LS
Engineer’s office, the furniture 1.00 6,500.00 6,500.00
includes 2 office tables, four chairs,
one shelf, each imported quality and
to be paid as per approval of invoice
  Provisional sum for all tests to be LS
ordered by the engineer (paid upon 1.00 15,000.00 15,000.00
presentation of invoices)
  Total-General Items      
197,500.00

PART II - Diversion Arrangement

Item Description Unit Quantity Unit Amount
Cost (Birr)
(Birr)
1 Coffer Dam, Up stream for divert the river        
during construction
1.1 Clearing and Stripping of foundation to m2
remove vegetative material and top soil from 100.00 10.00 1,000.00
cofferdam areas
1.2 Impervious Cohesive non swelling , Clayey      
Material -
3
1.2. Placement and compaction of Impervious Clay m
1 Material at Center Core 32.50 250.00 8,125.00
3
1.2. Placement of locally available Boulders, Gravel m
2 and Silt mixed material 3.90 150.00 585.00
1.3 Filter and Transition Zone      
-
1.3. Placement of Fine sand Filter (25mm max size m3
1 and silt content (<0.075mm less than 5%) 206.12 200.00 41,224.00
1.3. Placement of Coarse Sand Filter, 75mm size m3
2 148.20 250.00 37,050.00
  Total      
87,984.00

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Part III: Head Work and Associated works

Item Description Unit Quantity Unit Amount

Cost Birr
1 Diversion weir and Under Sluice  
1.1 Earth Works        
1.1.1 Clearing & Stripping of the area including m2
topsoil, as average thickness 150mm. 280.00 15.00 4,200.00
1.1.2 Excavate in Foundation on structures to      
formation level including disposal of surplus to -
spoil pits and spreading, free haul 500m
  a) Soft Rock m3
112.50 150.00 16,875.00
3
  b) Hard Rock m
225.00 400.00 90,000.00
3
1.1.3 Refilling foundations with excavated soils (other m
than sand) complying with standard 90.00 250.00 22,500.00
specifications for filling foundations and for
providing earth cusion
1.1.4 Back filling with selected materials as per m3
standard specifications, initial cost and 20.00 350.00 7,000.00
conveyance of all materials, with all leads and
lifts, labour charges etc complete
1.1.4 Weir Body      
-
  Masonry Work  
41.50 1,300.00 53,950.00
  Plastering work(25mm thick)  
72.00 130.00 9,360.00
         
-
1.2 Impervious floor(Apron),Cutoff and Curtain Wall      
(If Necessary) -
  Eart work      
-
3
1.2.1 Constuction of 50cm thick wet masonry m

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94.50 1,300.00 122,850.00
3
1.2.2 Cement Concrete (1:4:8) mix C-10 under the m
base of all concrete structure using 20mm size 35.10 1,800.00 63,180.00
graded aggregate including cost and conveyance
of all materials, labour charges, curing,
conveyance etc complete
1.2.3 Wier body and impervious floor (apron) coverd m3
by 10mm thickness mass concrete C-20 21.00 2,000.00 42,000.00
1.2.4 Form work provide cut and fix in position m2
112.00 200.00 22,400.00
1.2.5 Plastering with cement mortar (1:4) mix 20 mm m2
thick for exposed faces 96.00 130.00 12,480.00
1.2.6 Water stopping Rubber Seal m
100.00 450.00 45,000.00
1.2.7 Under sluice (3250mm x 3100mm) No
1.00 5,000.00 5,000.00
2 Head Regulator and Associated works      
-
2.1 Earth Works      
-
2
2.1.1 Clearing & Stripping of the area including m
topsoil, as average thickness 150mm. 5.00 15.00 75.00
2.1.2 Excavate in Foundation on structures to m3
formation level including disposal of surplus to 20.00 200.00 4,000.00
spoil pits and spreading, free haul 500m
2.2 Structural works      
-
2.2.1 Masonry work including cost and conveyance of m3 18.00
all materials, labour charges, curing, conveyance 1,300.00 23,400.00
etc complete
2.2.4 Cement Concrete (1:4:8) mix C-10 using 20mm m3
size graded aggregate including cost and 1.50 1,800.00 2,700.00
conveyance of all materials, labour charges,
curing, conveyance etc complete
2.2.5 Plastering with cement mortar (1:4) mix 20 mm m2
thick for exposed faces 1.00 130.00 130.00
2.2.6 Sheet metal(For gate) No
1.00 4,000.00 4,000.00
2.2.7 Angle Iron 20*20*6m(For gate groove) No
2.00 250.00 500.00
2.2.8 Bars (For track rash & ladder, f 10mm) kg
52.00 200.00 10,400.00
  Divide wall      
-
  Masonry work m3
14.82 1,300.00 19,259.66
  Plastering work(25mm Thick) m2
18.97 130.00 2,466.39
  Protecting side wall U/S and D/S      
-
  Earth work      

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-
3
  Excavation of foundation m
128.00 250.00 32,000.00
3
  Backfilling of wall m
64.00 150.00 9,600.00
  Masonry work m3
179.00 1,300.00 232,700.00
  Plastering work(25mm Thick) m2
146.00 130.00 18,980.00
Total of Bill Part IV Carried to Summary
877,006.06

All Canals and Appurtenant Structures

Item Description Unit Quantity Rate Amount
(Birr) (Birr)
1 Main canal - Earth Work        
1.0.1 Clearing and Stripping of the area to remove m2 3398.00 15.00 50970.00
vegetative material and top soil
1.0.2 Excavation        
3
  Canal and Left and Right side Bank Excavation m 1911.38 110.00 210251.25
of Soil material open to the lines and grades as
shown in the drawing and disposal of surplus
to spoil pits and spreading, free haul1000m
  Rock Excavation m3 600.00 180.00 108000.00
  Fill selected material and Compact in place as m3 367.16 150.00 55074.70
shown in the main canal profiles and removing
loss materialst depth of 0.5m and on the both
side wall
1.0.3 Masonry Works       0.00
1.0.3. Hard core Packing depth of 0.2m m2 2208.70 250.00 552175.00
1
1.03.2 Mass concrete C-15 thickness of 10cm m2 2121.40 550.00 1166767.75
3
1.0.3. Hard trachytic or equivalent stone masonry m 611.64 1300.00 795132.00
3 bedded cement sand mortar (1:3) for the
masonary of all main canaled structure parts.
Price includes mortar bed
1.0.3. Plastering of the external body with m2 2935.80 130.00 381654.00
4 three coats of Cement sand mortar of ratio
1:3
2 Secondary Canal (SC1)       0.00
2.0.1 Clearing and Stripping of the area to remove m2 949.50 15.00 14242.50
vegetative material and top soil
2.0.2 Excavation       0.00
  Canal and Left and Right side Bank Excavation m3 21.86 110.00 2404.59
of Soil material open to the lines and grades as
shown in the drawing and disposal of surplus
to spoil pits and spreading, free haul1000m
  Fill selected material and Compact in depth of m3 0.00 150.00 0.00

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0.5cm secanadary canal one and removing
loss materials
2.0.3 Trapiziodal Masonry Works       0.00
2.0.3. Hard core Packing depth of 0.2m m2 208.89 250.00 52222.50
1
2.0.3. Mass concrete C-15 thickness of 10cm m2 208.89 550.00 114889.50
2
2.0.3. Hard trachytic or equivalent stone masonry m3 260.16 1300.00 338211.90
3 bedded cement sand mortar (1:3) for the
masonary of all main canaled structure parts.
Price includes mortar bed
2.0.3. Pointing of the external body of Cement sand m2 1076.10 130.00 139893.00
4 mortar of ratio 1:3
3 Secondary Canal (SC2)        
3.0.1 Clearing and Stripping of the area to remove m2 1065.00 15.00 15975.00
vegetative material and top soil
3.0.2 Excavation       0.00
  Canal and Left and Right side Bank Excavation m3 1245.55 110.00 137010.68
of Soil material open to the lines and grades as
shown in the drawing and disposal of surplus
to spoil pits and spreading, free haul1000m
  Fill selected material and Compact and m3 66.36 150.00 9954.29
removing loss materials
3.0.3 Trapiziodal Masonry Works        
3.0.3. Hard core Packing depth of 0.2m m2 284.00 250.00 71000.00
1
3.0.3. Mass concrete C-15 thickness of 10cm m2 284.00 550.00 156200.00
2
3.0.3. Hard trachytic or equivalent stone masonry m3 518.30 1300.00 673790.00
3 bedded cement sand mortar (1:3) for the
masonary of all main canaled structure parts.
Price includes mortar bed
3.0.3. Pointing of the external body of Cement sand m2 1207.00 130.00 156910.00
4 mortar of ratio 1:3
2.1 Teritiary Canals on Secondary Canal (TC1-SC1)        
2.1.1 Clearing and Stripping of the area to remove m2 800.00 15.00 12000.00
vegetative material and top soil
2.1.2 Excavation        
  Canal and Left and Right side Bank Excavation m3 52.41 110.00 5765.46
of Soil material open to the lines and grades as
shown in the drawing and disposal of surplus
to spoil pits and spreading, free haul1000m
  Fill selected material and Compact and m3 42.56 150.00 6383.52
removing loss materials
2.1.3 Embankment       0.00
  Obtain excavated material from channel and m3 60.00 150.00 9000.00
drains and place as compacted fill in canal
embankment including trimming and shaping,

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free haul including compaction on 250mm
layers and proctor test
2.2 Teritiary Canals on Secondary Canal (TC3-SC1)        
2.2.1 Clearing and Stripping of the area to remove m2 640.00 15.00 9600.00
vegetative material and top soil
2.2.2 Excavation        
  Canal and Left and Right side Bank Excavation m3 104.85 110.00 11532.99
of Soil material open to the lines and grades as
shown in the drawing and disposal of surplus
to spoil pits and spreading, free haul1000m
  Fill selected material and Compact and   95.96 150.00 14394.13
removing loss materials
2.2.3 Embankment       0.00
  Obtain excavated material from channel and m3 48.00 150.00 7200.00
drains and place as compacted fill in canal
embankment including trimming and shaping,
free haul including compaction on 250mm
layers and proctor test
2.3 Teritiary Canals on Secondary Canal (TC5-SC1)       0.00
2.3.1 Clearing and Stripping of the area to remove m2 1000.00 15.00 15000.00
vegetative material and top soil
2.3.2 Excavation        
  Canal and Left and Right side Bank Excavation m3 31.65 110.00 3481.42
of Soil material open to the lines and grades as
shown in the drawing and disposal of surplus
to spoil pits and spreading, free haul1000m
  Fill selected material and Compact and m3 71.49 150.00 10723.44
removing loss materials
2.2.3 Embankment        
  Obtain excavated material from channel and m3 75.00 150.00 11250.00
drains and place as compacted fill in canal
embankment including trimming and shaping,
free haul including compaction on 250mm
layers and proctor test
2.4 Teritiary Canals on Secondary Canal (TC7-SC1)        
2.4.1 Clearing and Stripping of the area to remove m2 940.00 15.00 14100.00
vegetative material and top soil
2.4.2 Excavation       0.00
  Canal and Left and Right side Bank Excavation m3 186.99 110.00 20568.74
of Soil material open to the lines and grades as
shown in the drawing and disposal of surplus
to spoil pits and spreading, free haul1000m
  Fill selected material and Compact secondary m3 34.15 150.00 5122.82
canal two and removing loss materials
2.4.3 Embankment       0.00
  Obtain excavated material from channel and m3 70.50 150.00 10575.00
drains and place as compacted fill in canal
embankment including trimming and shaping,

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free haul including compaction on 250mm
layers and proctor test
2.5 Teritiary Canals on Secondary Canal (TC9-SC1)        
2.5.1 Clearing and Stripping of the area to remove m2 1092.00 15.00 16380.00
vegetative material and top soil
2.5.2 Excavation        
  Canal and Left and Right side Bank Excavation m3 190.83 110.00 20991.35
of Soil material open to the lines and grades as
shown in the drawing and disposal of surplus
to spoil pits and spreading, free haul1000m
  Fill selected material and Compact secondary m3 63.28 150.00 9491.67
canal two and removing loss materials
2.5.3 Embankment        
  Obtain excavated material from channel and m3 81.90 150.00 12285.00
drains and place as compacted fill in canal
embankment including trimming and shaping,
free haul including compaction on 250mm
layers and proctor test
2.6 Teritiary Canals on Secondary Canal (TC2-SC1)        
2.6.1 Clearing and Stripping of the area to remove m2 664.00 15.00 9960.00
vegetative material and top soil
2.6.2 Excavation        
  Canal and Left and Right side Bank Excavation m3 351.88 110.00 38706.85
of Soil material open to the lines and grades as
shown in the drawing and disposal of surplus
to spoil pits and spreading, free haul1000m
  Fill selected material and Compact and m3 96.27 150.00 14440.02
removing loss materials
2.6.3 Embankment        
  Obtain excavated material from channel and m3 83.00 150.00 12450.00
drains and place as compacted fill in canal
embankment including trimming and shaping,
free haul including compaction on 250mm
layers and proctor test
2.7 Teritiary Canals on Secondary Canal (TC4-SC1)        
2.7.1 Clearing and Stripping of the area to remove m2 740.00 15.00 11100.00
vegetative material and top soil
2.7.2 Excavation        
  Canal and Left and Right side Bank Excavation m3 1319.43 110.00 145137.37
of Soil material open to the lines and grades as
shown in the drawing and disposal of surplus
to spoil pits and spreading, free haul1000m
  Fill selected material and Compact and m3 541.70 150.00 81255.75
removing loss materials
2.7.3 Embankment       0.00
  Obtain excavated material from channel and m3 92.50 150.00 13875.00
drains and place as compacted fill in canal
embankment including trimming and shaping,

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 BISHO SSIP ENGINEERING REPORT SOUTH DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION
SUPERVISION
ENTERPRISE
free haul including compaction on 250mm
layers and proctor test
3.1 Teritiary Canals on Secondary Canal (TC6-SC1)       0.00
3.1.1 Clearing and Stripping of the area to remove m2 760.00 15.00 11400.00
vegetative material and top soil
3.1.2 Excavation       0.00
  Canal and Left and Right side Bank Excavation m3 173.66 110.00 19102.67
of Soil material open to the lines and grades as
shown in the drawing and disposal of surplus
to spoil pits and spreading, free haul1000m
  Fill selected material and Compact secondary m3 70.78 150.00 10617.50
canal three and removing loss materials
3.1.3 Embankment       0.00
  Obtain excavated material from channel and m3 57.00 150.00 8550.00
drains and place as compacted fill in canal
embankment including trimming and shaping,
free haul including compaction on 250mm
layers and proctor test
3.2 Teritiary Canals on Secondary Canal (TC8-SC1)        
3.2.1 Clearing and Stripping of the area to remove m2 800.00 15.00 12000.00
vegetative material and top soil
3.2.2 Excavation        
  Canal and Left and Right side Bank Excavation m3 295.13 110.00 32464.34
of Soil material open to the lines and grades as
shown in the drawing and disposal of surplus
to spoil pits and spreading, free haul1000m
  Fill selected material and Compact and m3 196.03 150.00 29404.90
removing loss materials
3.2.3 Embankment        
  Obtain excavated material from channel and m3 60.00 150.00 9000.00
drains and place as compacted fill in canal
embankment including trimming and shaping,
free haul including compaction on 250mm
layers and proctor test
3.3 Teritiary Canals on Secondary Canal (TC1-SC2)       0.00
3.3.1 Clearing and Stripping of the area to remove m2 1464.00 15.00 21960.00
vegetative material and top soil
3.3.2 Excavation       0.00
  Canal and Left and Right side Bank Excavation m3 173.66 110.00 19102.67
of Soil material open to the lines and grades as
shown in the drawing and disposal of surplus
to spoil pits and spreading, free haul1000m
  Fill selected material and Compact secondary m3 70.78 150.00 10617.50
canal four and removing loss materials
3.3.3 Embankment       0.00
  Obtain excavated material from channel and m3 183.00 150.00 27450.00
drains and place as compacted fill in canal
embankment including trimming and shaping,

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 BISHO SSIP ENGINEERING REPORT SOUTH DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION
SUPERVISION
ENTERPRISE
free haul including compaction on 250mm
layers and proctor test
3.4 Teritiary Canals on Secondary Canal (TC3-SC2)        
3.4.1 Clearing and Stripping of the area to remove m2 2336.00 15.00 35040.00
vegetative material and top soil
3.4.2 Excavation        
  Canal and Left and Right side Bank Excavation m3 295.13 110.00 32464.34
of Soil material open to the lines and grades as
shown in the drawing and disposal of surplus
to spoil pits and spreading, free haul1000m
  Fill selected material and Compact and m3 196.03 150.00 29404.90
removing loss materials
3.4.3 Embankment       0.00
  Obtain excavated material from channel and m3 175.20 150.00 26280.00
drains and place as compacted fill in canal
embankment including trimming and shaping,
free haul including compaction on 250mm
layers and proctor test
3.5 Teritiary Canals on Secondary Canal (TC5-SC2)       0.00
3.5.1 Clearing and Stripping of the area to remove m2 1480.00 15.00 22200.00
vegetative material and top soil
3.5.2 Excavation        
  Canal and Left and Right side Bank Excavation m3 389.04 110.00 42794.82
of Soil material open to the lines and grades as
shown in the drawing and disposal of surplus
to spoil pits and spreading, free haul1000m
  Fill selected material and Compact and m3 46.14 150.00 6921.30
removing loss materials
3.5.3 Embankment        
  Obtain excavated material from channel and m3 88.80 150.00 13320.00
drains and place as compacted fill in canal
embankment including trimming and shaping,
free haul including compaction on 250mm
layers and proctor test
3.6 Teritiary Canals on Secondary Canal (TC2-SC2)        
3.6.1 Clearing and Stripping of the area to remove m2 592.00 15.00 8880.00
vegetative material and top soil
3.6.2 Excavation        
  Canal and Left and Right side Bank Excavation m3 119.03 110.00 13093.63
of Soil material open to the lines and grades as
shown in the drawing and disposal of surplus
to spoil pits and spreading, free haul1000m
  Fill selected material and Compact secondary m3 35.60 150.00 5339.81
canal fife and removing loss materials
3.6.3 Embankment        
  Obtain excavated material from channel and m3 35.52 150.00 5328.00
drains and place as compacted fill in canal
embankment including trimming and shaping,

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 BISHO SSIP ENGINEERING REPORT SOUTH DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION
SUPERVISION
ENTERPRISE
free haul including compaction on 250mm
layers and proctor test
3.7 Teritiary Canals on Secondary Canal (TC4-SC2)        
3.7.1 Clearing and Stripping of the area to remove m2 980.00 15.00 14700.00
vegetative material and top soil
3.7.2 Excavation       0.00
  Canal and Left and Right side Bank Excavation m3 497.91 110.00 54770.37
of Soil material open to the lines and grades as
shown in the drawing and disposal of surplus
to spoil pits and spreading, free haul1000m
  Fill selected material and Compact and m3 20.14 150.00 3020.89
removing loss materials
3.7.3 Embankment        
  Obtain excavated material from channel and m3 58.80 150.00 8820.00
drains and place as compacted fill in canal
embankment including trimming and shaping,
free haul including compaction on 250mm
layers and proctor test
3.8 Teritiary Canals on Secondary Canal (TC6-SC2)       0.00
3.8.1 Clearing and Stripping of the area to remove m2 1392.00 15.00 20880.00
vegetative material and top soil
3.8.2 Excavation       0.00
  Canal and Left and Right side Bank Excavation m3 695.34 110.00 76487.84
of Soil material open to the lines and grades as
shown in the drawing and disposal of surplus
to spoil pits and spreading, free haul1000m
  Fill selected material and Compact and m3 56.33 150.00 8450.07
removing loss materials
3.8.3 Embankment        
  Obtain excavated material from channel and m3 83.52 150.00 12528.00
drains and place as compacted fill in canal
embankment including trimming and shaping,
free haul including compaction on 250mm
layers and proctor test
3.9 Teritiary Canals on Secondary Canal (TC8-SC2)       0.00
3.9.1 Site clearing        
  Clearing of the area for access road, catch m2 1692.00 15.00 25380.00
drain and conveyance canals including topsoil
under embankments as directed, average
thickness 150mm
3.9.2 Excavation        
  Bulk Excavation in ordinary soil to depth of m3 689.59 110.00 75855.43
300cm
  Fill selected material and Compact in place as m3 100.98 120.00 12117.54
shown in the main canal profiles
  Cartaway of the excavated material as per the m3 995.99 20.00 19919.90
engineer instruction
3.9.3 Embankment        

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 BISHO SSIP ENGINEERING REPORT SOUTH DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION
SUPERVISION
ENTERPRISE
  Obtain excavated material from channel and m3 101.52 150.00 15228.00
drains and place as compacted fill in canal
embankment including trimming and shaping,
free haul including compaction on 250mm
layers and proctor test
3.10 Teritiary Canals on Secondary Canal (TC10-        
SC2)
3.10.1 Site clearing        
2
  Clearing of the area for access road, catch m 1204.00 15.00 18060.00
drain and conveyance canals including topsoil
under embankments as directed, average
thickness 150mm
3.10.2 Excavation        
3
  Bulk Excavation in ordinary soil to depth of m 300.98 110.00 33107.84
300cm
  Fill and Compact in place as shown in the field m3 100.98 120.00 12117.54
canal profiles
  Cartaway of the excavated material as per the m3 541.78 20.00 10835.61
engineer instruction
3.10.3 Embankment        
  Obtain excavated material from channel and m3 114.24 150.00 17136.00
drains and place as compacted fill in canal
embankment including trimming and shaping,
free haul including compaction on 250mm
layers and proctor test
3.11 Teritiary Canals on Secondary Canal (TC10-        
SC2)
3.11.1 Site clearing        
  Clearing of the area for access road, catch m2 268.00 15.00 4020.00
drain and conveyance canals including topsoil
under embankments as directed, average
thickness 150mm
3.11.2 Excavation       0.00
  Bulk Excavation in ordinary soil to depth of m3 125.93 110.00 13852.04
300cm
  Fill and Compact in place as shown in the field m3 15.55 120.00 1865.95
canal profiles
  Cartaway of the excavated material as per the m3 0.00 20.00 0.00
engineer instruction
3.11.3 Embankment       0.00
  Obtain excavated material from channel and m3 16.08 150.00 2412.00
drains and place as compacted fill in canal
embankment including trimming and shaping,
free haul including compaction on 250mm
layers and proctor test
  All FC work has prepared by community        
participation
  Sub -totals carried to summaray       6669800.58

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 BISHO SSIP ENGINEERING REPORT SOUTH DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION
SUPERVISION
ENTERPRISE
3 Drop structure        
3.1 Farm structures on Parent Canal (MC & TC)        
4 Drop        
4.1 Excavation and Earth Works        
4.1.1 Site clearing and removing the top 20cm soil m2 93.18 10.00 931.77
4.1.2 Bulk Excavation in ordinary soil to depth of m3 92.95 70.00 6506.61
1.5m
4.1.3 Backfill and compact around the masonry m3 90.19 40.00 3607.41
4.1.4 Cartaway of the excavated material as per the m3 2.77 40.00 110.65
engineer instruction around 500m
4.2 Masonry Works        
4.2.1 Hard trachytic or equivalent stone masonry m3 25.29 950.00 24029.30
bedded cement sand mortar (1:3) for the
masonary of all drop strucre parts (body,U/S
and D/s protection Chanels..) . Price includes
mortar bed
4.2.2 Plastering of the external body with three m2 37.14 60.00 2228.62
coats of Cement sand mortar of ratio 1:3

4.3 Concrete Works        

4.3.1 75mm thick Blinding conc. class c-15 m3 2.89 1800.00 5208.64
(blinding layer class C-15) with minimum
cement
content 360kg/m3 of concrete quality
4.3.2 100mm thick mass conc. class C-20 with m3 1.03 2000.00 2066.69
minimum cement content 360kg/m3 of
concrete quality
5 Farm structures on Parent Canal (SC)        
  Drop        
5.1.1 Excavation and Earth Works        
5.1.2 Site clearing and removing the top 20cm soil m2 804.00 10.00 8040.00
5.1.3 Bulk Excavation in ordinary soil to depth of m3 331.00 70.00 23170.00
1.5m
5.1.4 Backfill and compact around the masonry m3 816.00 40.00 32640.00
5.1.5 Cartaway of the excavated material as per the m3 491.80 40.00 19672.00
engineer instruction around 500m
5.2 Masonry Works        
5.2.1 Hard trachytic or equivalent stone masonry m3 294.00 950.00 279300.00
bedded
cement sand mortar (1:3) for the masonary of
all drop strucre parts (body,U/S and D/s
protection Chanels..) . Price includes mortar
bed
5.2.2 Plastering of the external body with three m2 543.30 60.00 32598.00
coats of Cement sand mortar of ratio 1:3
5.2.3 Concrete Works        

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 BISHO SSIP ENGINEERING REPORT SOUTH DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION
SUPERVISION
ENTERPRISE
5.2.4 75mm thick Blinding conc. class c-15 (blinding m3 26.60 1800.00 47880.00
layer class C-15) with minimum cement
content 360kg/m3 of concrete quality
5.2.5 100mm thick mass conc. class C-20 with m3 12.63 2000.00 25260.00
minimum cement content 360kg/m3 of
concrete quality
  All FC work has prepared by community        
participation
  Sub -totals carried to summaray       513249.69
6 Turnout ( divison Box)        
6.1 Division boxes        
6.2 Earth work  
6.3 Bulk excavation m3 80.00 70.00 5600.00
6.4 Hard core m3 6.75 500.00 3375.00
6.5 Concrete work  
6.6 Mass concrete-c-20 m3 5.00 2000.00 10000.00
6.7 Lean concrete (5cm) m3 1.00 1350.00 1350.00
6.8 Masonry m3 47.00 950.00 44650.00
6.9 Plastering m2 30.00 60.00 1800.00
6.10 Provision of Gates  
  Angle iron size 40mm*40mm with 4mm thick m 17.15 500.00 8572.50
6.11 30*30mm with 2mm thick stiffening angle iron m 116.37 500.00 58185.00
6.12 2mm thick sheet metal m2 39.80 1800.00 71631.00
6.13 Ø12mm with ring Dia 0.15m m 8.10 1800.00 14580.00
  Turnout ( divison Box) Total       219743.50
7 ROAD CROSSING        
7.1 1. Excavation and Earth Works        
7.1.1 Site clearing and removing the top 20cm soil m2 75.60 10.00 756.00
7.1.2 Bulk Excavation in ordinary soil to depth of m3 74.88 70.00 5241.60
300cm
7.1.3 fill and Compact in place as shown in the main m3 24.48 120.00 2937.60
canal profiles
7.1.4 Cartaway of the excavated material as per the m3 65.52 27.60 1808.35
engineer instruction
7.2 2. Concrete Works        
7.2.1 C-20concrete of 10cm thick reinforced m3 9.00 2900.00 26100.00
concrete 1mx1m
slab cover vibrated aroudn the steel
reinfocement with minimum cement content
360kg/m3 for the first 283m lined main canal
7.1.2 Provide, cut and fix Zigba formwork for the m2 51.84 81.11 4204.74
production of the Precast Concrete
  Mild steel reiforcement according to the        
structural drawings. Price includes cutting,
bending,
placing in position and tyring wire.
7.1.3 i.φ14mm Kg 153.33 37.25 5711.54

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 BISHO SSIP ENGINEERING REPORT SOUTH DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION
SUPERVISION
ENTERPRISE
7.1.4 ii.φ10mm Kg 703.73 37.25 26213.94
7.3 3.0 Masonry        
7.3.1 Hard trachytic or equivalent stone m3 45.72 500.00 22860.00
masonry bedded cement sand mortar (1:4) f.
Price includes mortar bed
7.3.2 Plastering of the external body with m2 40.68 90.00 3661.20
three coats of Cement sand
mortar of ratio 1:3
7.3.3 Hard trachytic or equivalent dry m2 35.10 250.00 8775.00
stone pitching properly chisled and uinformly
bedded for
  Total (2 Road Cross)       216539.96
8 Road Culverts on secondary and tertiary        
canals
8.1 Excavation and Earth work        
8.1.1 Excavation in ordinary soil m3 65.96 57.80 3812.76
8.1.2 Compacted Back fill with Surplus excavated m3 16.56 23.90 395.67
material
8.2 Masonry & Related Works        
8.2.1 Basaltic semi-dressed masonry m3 41.45 1344.23 55720.71
works for foundation and side walls in 1:3
cement sand mortar
8.2.2 Plastering the inner and top face of culvert m2 24.83 157.46 3909.45
masonry.in 1:3 cement sand mortar
8.2.3 Cement Painting the inner face of culvert m3 24.74 93.18 2305.38
masonry.wall
8.2.4 Pointing back face of the structure in 1:3 m2 29.81 111.79 3332.66
cement sand mortar
8.2.5 30 cm thick u/s and d/s stone riprap m3 2.62 572.32 1501.50
protection
8.3 Concrete Works        
8.3.1 Grade C-20 Reinforced Concrete in top slab, m3 4.74 2974.29 14101.63
minimum cement content of 320 Kg/m3, filled
in to formwork and vibrated around steel
reinforcement (Formwork and reinforcement
measured separately)
8.3.2 Grade C-20 Mass Concrete layed over bed m3 0.87 2974.29 2589.38
masonry,
minimum cement content of 320 Kg/m3, filled
in to formwork and vibrated (Formwork
measured separately)
8.3.3 Provide, cut and fix in position structural wood m2 16.14 188.41 3041.60
formwork to
reinforced and mass concrete
  Mild steel reinforcement according to        
structural drawings. Price includes
cutting, bending, placing in position and tying
wire
8.3.4 a) Dia 10 mm deformed bar Kg 64.82 37.12 2406.25

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 BISHO SSIP ENGINEERING REPORT SOUTH DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION
SUPERVISION
ENTERPRISE
8.3.5 b) Dia 8 mm deformed bar Kg 110.57 37.12 4104.25
  Sub Total       97221.25
      Total  
Cost 533,504.70

AWASSA, ETHIOPIA, 2017 64