NPTEL Online Certification Course

Mechanics of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Structures

Assignment 06: Detailed Solution
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati

Common data for Q.1 – Q.2

A unidirectional glass/epoxy lamina having a 64% fiber volume fraction have

the elastic moduli and Poisson’s ratio of the fiber and matrix as: E f 
80GPa,  f  0.24 and Em  3.2GPa, m  0.30 respectively. The coefficient of
thermal expansion for the fiber and matrix are:  f  5 μm/m/ oC and
 m  60 μm/m/ oC
Using the relations
  f Ef    m Em 
1   V f   Vm and  2  1  f   f V f  1  m   mVm  1 12
 E1   E1 

1. The coefficient of longitudinal thermal expansion is ___________ μm/m/ oC

Range type: 6.2102 (Range 6.2 to 6.23)

  f Ef    m Em 
1   V f    Vm
 E1   E1 
5  80  0.64  60  3.2  0.36
 1  , where E1  E f V f  EmVm
(80  0.64)  (3.2  0.36)
 1  6.2103

2. The coefficient of transverse thermal expansion is _____________ μm/m/ oC

Range type: 30.4234 (Range 30.4 to 30.44)

 2  1   f   f V f  1   m   mVm  1 12
  2  ((1  0.24)  5  0.64)  ((1  0.3)  60  0.36)  (6.2103  0.2616), where  12   f V f   mVm

  2  30.4234
 3. Longitudinal and transverse coefficients of thermal expansion of a
unidirectional carbon/epoxy composite with fibre volume fraction 60 %
are measured as 1  0.9 μm/m/ o C and  2  27 μm/m/ o C respectively. Using the
relations
E1 f 1 f V f  Em mVm
1 
E1 f V f  EmVm
 1 f  E1 f 1 f V f  Em mVm
 2   2 f V f 1  12
 f
2 f

   mVm 1  m    12 f V f  mVm  E1 f V f  EmVm
 
and the properties of the carbon fibre and epoxy as
E1 f  235 GPa; Em  4.1 GPa;  12 f  0.20; m  0.34; m  41 m / m / oC ,
longitudinal and transverse coefficients of thermal expansion for the
carbon fibre in  m / m / oC are:

(a ) 1 f  2.340 and  2 f  6.23

(b ) 1 f  1.387 and  2 f  8.268

(c) 1 f  1.380 and  2 f  5.072

(d ) 1 f  2.300 and  2 f  5.6

V f  0.6, 1  0.9 m / m / oC ,  2  27  m / m / oC
E1 f 1 f V f  Em mVm
1 
E1 f V f  EmVm

6
(235  109  1 f  0.6)  (4.1  109  41  106  0.4)
 0.9  10 
(235  109  0.6)  (4.1  109  0.4)
 1 f  1.38734  106 m / m / oC  1 f  1.38734 m / m / oC

 1 f  E1 f 1 f V f  Em mVm
 2   2 f V f 1   12
 f
2 f 

   mVm 1   m    12 V f   mVm
f
 E1 f V f  EmVm

   1.38734  106   
 27  106   2 f  0.6 1  0.2        41  10  0.4  (1  0.34)   ((0.2  0.6)  (0.34  0.4))  (0.9  10 ) 
6 6

    
  2f   
  2 f  8.27  106 m / m / oC   2 f  8.27  m / m / oC
 4. Composites with zero or near zero coefficients of thermal expansion are
desirable in space applications where the components experience a wide
range of temperature variation. Using the formula

E1 f 1 f V f  Em mVm
1 
E1 f V f  EmVm
and the properties of the graphite fibre and the epoxy matrix as
E1 f  230GPa; Em  3.4GPa;  12 f  0.30; m  0.30;1 f  1.3 m / m / oC; m  63 m / m / oC
the fibre volume fraction at which the longitudinal coefficient of
thermal expansion of a unidirectional graphite/epoxy lamina will be zero
is ________.

( a ) V f  0.38

(b ) V f  0.42

(c) V f  0.68

(d ) V f  0.57

E1 f  230GPa, Em  3.4GPa, 12 f  0.30, 1 f  1.3 m / m / oC ,  m  63 m / m / oC

To find V f for 1  0
E1 f 1 f V f  Em mVm (230  109  1.3  106  V f )  (3.4  109  63  106  (1  V f ))
 1  0 , where V f  Vm  1
E1 f V f  EmVm (230  109  V f )  (3.4  109  (1  V f ))
 V f  0.4174
Common data for Q.5 – Q.6
Material properties of glass fiber and epoxy matrix are given below.

Glass fibers Epoxy matrix

Young’s modulus Ef=80GPa Em=3.2GPa
Shear modulus Gf=32GPa Gm=1.2GPa
Coefficient of moisture βf=0 βm= 0.32m/m/kg/kg
expansion
Density  f =1950kg/m3  m =1200kg/m3
Poisson’s ratio νf = 0.24 νm = 0.3

The following relations can be used to evaluate the coefficients of

moisture expansion for a lamina with fiber volume fraction V f :

E f  f C f V f  Em  m CmVm
1  c
E1  C f  f V f  Cm  mVm 

2 
1     C V  1     C V
f f f f m m m m
c  1 12
 C  V  C  V 
f f f m m m

5. Considering ΔCf=0, the value of β1 (in μm/m/kg/kg) for a glass/epoxy lamina

with 60% fiber volume fraction is ______________.
Range type: 17600 (Range wrongly provided in the portal)
E f  f C f V f  Em  m CmVm
1  c
E1  C f  f V f  Cm  mVm 
 (80  0  0  0.6)  (3.2  0.32  Cm  0.4)  
      f V f   mVm  
  (80  0.6)  (3.2  0.4)  ((0  1950  0.6)  ( Cm  1200  0.4))  
 (80  0  0  0.6)  (3.2  0.32  Cm  0.4)  
     1950  0.6   1200  0.4   
 49.28((0  1950  0.6)  (Cm  1200  0.4))  
 0.0285
 1  0.0285m / m / oC  1  28500  m / m / oC
 6. Considering ΔCf=0, the value of β2 (in m/m/kg/kg) for a glass/epoxy lamina
with 60% fiber volume fraction is ______________.
Range type: 0.567 (Range: 0.5-0.6)

2 
1     C V  1     C V
f f f f m m m m
c  1 12
 C  V  C  V 
f f f m m m

 (1  0.24  0  0  0.6)  (1  0.3  0.32  Cm  0.4)  

 
  0  1950  0.6)  (Cm  1200  0.4 

   1950  0.6   1200  0.4    0.0176   f V f   mVm  


 (1  0.24  0  0  0.6)  (1  0.3  0.32  Cm  0.4)  
     1950  0.6   1200  0.4     0.0176   (0.24  0.6)  (0.3  0.4)   
  0  1950  0.6)  (Cm  1200  0.4   
 0.567
  2  0.567m / m / oC

7.In a unidirectional glass/epoxy lamina, β1=0 and β2=0.5. For ΔC=0.005, the
material axes strain in a free (without constraint) unidirectional
glass/epoxy lamina are:
(a) ε1=0, ε2=0.0025 and γxy=0
(b) ε1=0.0025, ε2=0.0025 and γxy=0.0068
(c) ε1=0.0025, ε2=0.0025and γxy=0.00286
(d) ε1=0, ε2=0.0025 and γxy=−0.0068

 1   1   1   0 
       
  2     2  C    2   0.0025
   0     0 
 12     12   
8.In a unidirectional glass/epoxy lamina, β1=0 and β2=0.5. For ΔC=0.005, the
global hygroscopic strains developed in a free (without constraint) 60˚
glass/epoxy lamina are:
(a) εx=0.1875, εy=−0.0625 and γxy=−0.0043301
(b) εx=0.001875, εy=0.000625 and γxy=−0.0021651
(c) εx=0.00160, εy=−0.00157 and γxy=0
(d) εx=0.002145, εy=0.000715 and γxy=-0.0021651

 x   1   0.25 0.75 0.86603  0    x   0.375 

  1         
  y   [T ]   2    0.75 0.25 0.86603  0.5    y    0.125 
 / 2  0  0.43301 0.43301 0.5   0    xy / 2 0.21651
 xy    
  x   0.375    x   x   0.001875 
         
   y    0.125     y     y  C   0.000625 
   0.43301      0.0021651
 xy     xy   xy   