Basic Calculation

(A) Algebraic calculation

1. Simplify

Level 1

(1) (5x) – (3x) (9) 2s  (2t – 3s)

(2) (7y2) – (3y2) (10) 3t  (17 – 7t)

(3) (4xy)  (7xy) (11) a  (2b – 3a)

(4) (4xy) – (7xy) (12) 7a  (a – 5b)

(5) (ab)  (6ab) (13) (a  2b  3c)  (a – 2b  3c)

(6) (st) – (ts) (14) (a – 2b  3c)  (a – 2b – 3c)

(7) 3a2b – (4a2b)  2a2b (15) (a – b)  (b – c)  (c – a)

(8) 3y  (2x – 6y) (16) 2x  (3x – 1 – 2x)

Level 2

(17) 2k – (5k – 25) (31) (c2 – 2d) – (c2 – d)

(18) 5a  b – (2a  3b) (32) 0 – (2z – 3)

(19) (3c  2d) – (c  7d) (33) (x3 – 1) – (x3 – 3x2  3x – 1)

(20) 4p – (2p – q) (34) (5a2 – 3b2)  (7b2 – 2c2) – (9c2 – a2)

(21) (h – k) – (2h – 9k) (35) (3x2 – 2y2) – (3y2 – 4z2) – (z2  x2 – 7y2)

(22) 3t – (17 – 7t) (36) 2x – [3x – (1  2x)]

(23) (2m  3n) – (m  5n) (37) 2x – [3x  (1 – 2x)]

(24) (4c  3d) – (c  5d) (38) 3a – [5a – (3  a)]

(25) 7c – (b – 2c) (39) 3c – [7c – (2c  5b)]

(26) (a  2b  3c) – (a – 2b  7c) (40) c2  7c  [5c2 – (3c – 4c2)]

(27) (a  2b  3c) – (a – 2b – 3c) (41) l  2m – (l – 2n) – (2m  l – 2n – l)

(28) (3x – y)  (2y – z) – (x – 2z) (42) a  3b  (b – 3a) – [2a – b – (a – 2b)]

(29) (7a – 4) – (2a – b)  (2b – a) (43) 3  z – [z  (z – z – 1)]

(30) (4a – 2) – (a – 3) – (2a  1) (44) 7r2  1 – [(2 – 5r2) – (3r2  9)]

P. 1
2. Simplify

Level 1

5(a  b) 3(a – 2b – c) 1
(1) (9) (17) ( x  6)
2
(2) 7(c  3) (10) 4(2a  3b – 2c) 2
(18) ( x  y  6)
(3) 7(3 – b) (11) 5(3a – 4b  5c) 3
(19) 2x2(x – 3)
(4) a(3  b) (12) p(3p – q – 2r)
(20) 3c2(c – 2d)
(5) 2(4a – 3) (13) c(2a  3b)
(21) 3x(5y – 7x)
(6) (x – y)z (14) d(a – 2b  3c)
(22) ab(3a2 – 5ab – 2b2)
(7) 5(3x  2y) (15) t(4x – 3y)

(8) 8(3t – 4s) (16) k(5l  3m)

Level 2

(23) 2(2t2 – 5t – 3) (35) (y  8)(z – 9) (47) (6x – 5y)(2x – 3y)

(24) 5(3l2 – 7l  1) (36) (2a  5)(3a – 1) (48) (7x – 6y)(3x – 2y)

(25) 2x(4x3 – 3x2 – 7x  1) (37) (2c – 5)(3d – 1) (49) (4x2 – 5y2)(2x2 – 3y2)

(26) (x  3)(x  7) (38) (2a – 5)(3a  1) (50) (3x – 8yz)(2x  3yz)

(27) (x – 2)(x  5) (39) (9a  2b)(a – 4b) (51) (3x  8yz)(3x – yz)

(28) (a  6)(a – 3) (40) (7x – 6y)(x  y) (52) (4x2  5y2)(2x2 – 3y2)

(29) (y  2)(y – 5) (41) (6x – 5y)(2x  3y) (53) (3x – 8yz)(2x – 3yz)

(30) (t – 6)(t  3) (42) (9a – 2b)(a  4b) (54) (4x2 – 5y2)(2x2  3y2)

(31) (x – 2)(x – 3) (43) (6x  5y)(2x – 3y) (55) (3x  8yz)(5x  2yz)

(32) (u  4)(u – 4) (44) (9a  2b)(a  4b) (56) (2a2  5bc)(a2  5bc)

(33) (a  10)(b – 3) (45) (7x  6y)(x – 3y) (57) (2 – 3x – 2x3)2

(34) (m – 3)(m – 3) (46) (9a – 2b)(a – 4b)

3. Expand

Level 1

P. 2
 (1) (a  x)2 (4) (2x  3)2 (7) (6 – x)2

(2) (2  x)2 (5) (x – 3)2 (8) (3l – 1)2

(3) (c  3)2 (6) (b – c)2 (9) (4x – 3)2

Level 2

(10) (2c – 3d)2 (12) (3x – 7y)2 (14) (3x – 10y)2

(11) (3a  5b)2 (13) (9l  4m)2 (15) (2a – 5bc)2

Level 3

(16) (2x2  5y2)2 (21) (3x2  2y2)2 (26) (9a2 – 4a3)2

(17) (5a2 – 2a)2 (22) (2a3  3b3)2 (27) (5c – 6c4)2

(18) (7 – 3c2)2 (23) (4x3 – 5)2 (28) (5c – 12d2)2

(19) (3c2  d)2 (24) (6 – 5x4)2

(20) (a2 – 2b2)2 (25) (3a2b – 7c3)2

4. Simplify

Level 1

(1) 14(t  u)  5(t – u) (13) 2a(a – 3b) – b(3a – b)

(2) 9x – 4(x – y) (14) 2a(a – 3b)  b(3a – b)

(3) 3(a – b) – 2(a  b) (15) 2(3  z) – 2(3 – 2t) – 2(z – 2t)

(4) 3(x – 2y) – (x – y) (16) a(1  a) – a(1 – a)

(5) 3(a – b)  2(a  b) (17) c  3  2(c  4)  3(2c  3)

(6) 3(x – 3y)  5(x  y) (18) c  3 – 2(c  4)  3(2c  3)

(7) 3a(4a  5) – 5(a – 2) (19) 5  d – 2(2  3d)  3(3 – d)

(8) 5a(4a – 3b)  3b(5a – 2b) (20) 7u  6v – 2(u  2v)  3(u – 4v)

(9) A(1 – A  A2)  A2(2 – A) (21) 7u  6v  2(u  2v)  5(v – 3u)

(10) 5(8 – 3m) – 27 (22) 9c  5(4d – 3c  d)

(11) 6(5 – 2x) – 4(4  x) (23) 9c – 5(4d – 3c  d)

(12) 5(7 – 3a) – 3(2 – 4a) (24) 5(a – b – a) – 7(a  b)

P. 3
 (25) 7a  a(4b – 8 – a) (28) 7(u – v)  4(v – u)

(26) 4(x – 3y)  2x (29) 0 – 5(x – y)

(27) 2a – 3(2a  3b) (30) (a – 2b) – 5(b – 2a)

Level 2
1 1 1
(31) (8  M )  (4  M ) (39) 8c  [4d  (c  8d )]
2 2 4
2 2 4y  3[x – 5(y – x)]
(32) ( x  12)  (18  x) (40)
3 3
(41) 2t – [5s – 3(s  2t)]
(33) 3(2x – 3)  4[x  8(x  1)]
1 (42) 4k  l – [5k – 4(k  l)]
(34) 8a  [4  (a  6)]
3 (43) c[c(c  d) – d(c – d)]
(35) 15x – 2[x – 5(2 – x)]
(44) x[x(x – y)  y(2x – x  y)]
(36) 7a  3[4 – (a – 1)]
(45) 2x – [3x – x(3 – x)]
(37) 7a – 3[4 – 2(1 – a)]
(46) x(2  y) – [4x – x(2 – y)]
(38) 3(2x – 3)  4[3x – 8(x – 1)]
(47) 8x2 – x[4y – 3(x  2)]

(B) Index
5. Simplify

Level 1

(1) x3  x4 (10) 6c2  2c (19) 6t4  (2t)

(2) a5  a4 (11) 6c2  2c (20) 6t5  3t3

(3) a6  a (12) p  p2  p3 (21) 6l2m2n2  3lmn

(4) 3x  4xy (13) 2b  2b2 (22) 20t4  35t6

(5) ab  bc (14) 2b  (2b)2 x3  x6

(23)
x5
(6) x7  x3 (15) x3  x4  x8 lm  (ml )
(24)
(7) a5  a (16) 3s  3s3 mn
(25) 3x3  4ax2  2x
(8) 4x7  2x4 (17) 5  (3c3)
(26) 8x7  5x7
(9) 6x  4x
8 3
(18) 5  (3c) 3

P. 4
 Level 2

(27) 2de2  2e2d (40) 4a2t6  6at2 (53) 3z3  (3z)3

a t 2t4  (2t)4
(28) 6a  (41) 5t 2  (54)
3 2
(55) (2a)5
a k2
(29) 6a  (42) 12 k 
3 3 (56) 54a9b10c12  (6a6b5c4)
3x 4 x 3s  (3s)3
(30)  (43)
(57) 2(a)5
4 3
(44) c3d4  (abcd)
(31) 8a5b3  3bc (58) (2a)5
(45) 2abl  5a2bl4
(32) 3a2lm  5alm4 (59) 2(a)5
(46) 6a4b6  (7a6b3) 3x y
(33) 3  (4a ) 2
(60) 
2y x
(47) x4y3z2  x2z
(34) 3  (4a)2 10 x 3 2 x
(61)  3
(48) x4y3z2  (xy2) y 5y
(35) 3axy  6xyz
x8y6z5  x4y3z4 5x
(49) (62)  2x
(36) a x  (abxy)
4 3
y
(50) x7y5z3  (x5yz2) 12 x 3x 2
(37) 7a b  3bc
7 2 4
(63) 
(51) 6x2y  9xy2 y2 y
(38) 2a2bc  5ab2c3 x3  x6  x9
(52) 24a b  15b c
3 2 2 (64)
(39) 3a3b5  (2a7b4) x 20

(C) Algebraic fraction

6. Simplify

Level 1
3k 9lm 15 l 2 m 3
(1) (7) (13)
k 6l 2 m 20 lm 2 n
3 xy abc x2 y5
(2) (8) (14)
4 xz abc 3 xy
3ab 2 5x b
(3) (9) (15) a
b3 10 xy 2 c
c3 4a 3 y2
(4) (10) (16) 3x 
3c 6a 7 xz
4l 2 ab 3 c a 4c
(5) (11) (17) 
4l abc 2 2b 3d
5a 2 15 c 2 d 2 a c
(6) (12) (18) 
15 ab 5c 4 d 3 b 2d
P. 5
 a 2b x5 r 2u
(19)  (31) (43) 
2b a 4x 3s v
l 2 m2 2ab t3
(20)  (32) (44) 5u 
m l 4bc uv
1 4l 2 x 15 y
(21) 2x  (33) (45) 
y 8lm 5t 4 z
1 7l a3 b3
(22) z (34) (46) 
3x 21lm 3 b a
a 2b b 6a 3 b 3 x 5z
(23) 3
 2 (35) (47) 
c ac a 2b 2 5z x
1 z 1
(24) 5
 a2 (36) (48) c
a 2 xyz 7b
1 1 6cd x3 y y 2
(25)  (37) (49)  3
2
6 x y 8 xy2 4cd 3 z4 xz
2 10 c 4 1
(26) a7  (38) (50) 3y 
a3 12 c 6 z
x5 y 4 lm 5 n 2 a6 b5
(27)  (39) (51) 
y3 x2 l 2 mn 2 b2 a5
3k 18 a 3 b 2 2
(28) (40) (52) x5 
3 6a 2 b 4 x3
2s 4 x 1
(29) (41) y (53) 3
 3x 4
9s 2 z x
7c 3 r 3s 4
(30) (42)
7c 3 5rs
Level 2
c d 2c 35 c 2 d 5 5c 6 d 7b 3 c 2cd
(54)   (61)  (68) 
d x 3x 9l 2 m 2 27 lm 3 3b 4 d 14 b
s 2t 4s 2rst 6r 3 t 21a 3 b 4 7 a 5 b 2
(55)   (62)  (69) 
t u 5t 7 x 3 yz 2 21 x 2 yz 3 8c 2 d 3 12 c 2 d 2
1 1 7 a 3 bc 4 14 a 2 c 3 3abc 9bc 2
(56)  (63)  (70) 
3
12 a c 10 ac 4 9l 4 27 l 2 10 x 2 y 2 z 5 xy 2 z
abc l 2 mn 3r 3 s 3 12 r 2 s 5 2 x 2 yz 3 14 x 2 y 2
(57)  (64)  (71) 
lmn abc 2 5 P 3 Q 5 15 P 2 Q 6 3t 3 15t 2
2lx 6m 2 y lm x 2 y 2 4l 2 m 2 10l 3 m
(58)  (65)  (72) 
3my 2 5l xy l 2 m 9c 2 d 4 7c 2 d 3
ac 2 3 xz 3 4ax 2 5b 3 y 2 xy
(59)  (66)  (73)
9 x 2 z 2 ac 3 5by 6a 2 x x y  xy
2 2

2u 2 v 3bv xy 3 5 zt 3 3a 2  2ab
(60)  (67)  (74)
5a 3 b 2 8u 2 10 z 2 t xy 3ab  2b 2

P. 6
 2 x 3  8x 2 y 3cd x2 6y2  9y
(75) (79) (83) 
3 x 2 y  12 xy 2 4c d  5cd
2 2
2y  3 4x 4
6a 2  3ab 2ab  5b 2 4 x  14 y
(76) (80) (84)
4a 2  b 2 2a 2  5ab 35 y  10 x
(4 x  3 y ) 2 4c 2  3cd 3x  6
(77) (81) (85)
32 x 3  18 xy 2 4cd  3d 2 2x  x 2
6  4x (3a  2b) 2
(78) (82)
2x  3 6a 3  4a 2 b
Level 3

2 x 2  3 x  14 ( 4c 2  2cd ) 2
(86) (94)
2 x 2  11 x  14 8c 2  8cd  2d 2
a 2  3a  2 a 2  3a  4 x2  9y2
(87)  2 (95)
a4 2a  a  1 x 2  3 xy
a 2  3a  2 a 2  7 a  6 y2  y  6
(88)  (96)
a 2  4a  12 a2  4 12  2 y  2 y 2
y 2  49 y  7 (3 x  4 y ) 2  (4 x  3 y ) 2
(89)  (97)
x2  y2 x  y (3 x  4 y ) 2  (4 x  3 y ) 2
2a 2  a  1 a 2  9 a  3 2a  3
(90) (98)  
1  3a  4a 2 3ab 6a 2 ab 2
3x 2  6 xy  3 y 2 (2 y  z ) 2 y2
(91) (99) 
(5 y  5 x) 2 z2  4y2 2y  z
x 2  2 x  35 x4  y4 c2  d 2 x  y
(92) (100)   2
30  11 x  x 2 cd x y x
c 2  7c  12 c  4
(93) 
c 2  25 c5

7. Simplify

Level 1
4c 2c 3k k 2u
(1)  (6)  (11) 3
5 3 7l 5l 5v
4 2 2a 5a a 4h
(2)  (7)   (12) 2
5d 3d 3 6 2 9
4c 2c 2a 5a a 4
(3)  (8)   (13) 2
5d 3d 3X 6 X 2 X 9k
3k k 2u 4h
(4)  (9) 3 (14) 2
7 5 5 9k
3 1 2 2 x 5x
(5)  (10) 3 (15) 4 
7l 5l 5v 9 9

P. 7
 2 5 d 5 2a  7 5(a  2)
(16) 4  (24)  3 (32) 
9y 9y 5 d 4 6
2x 5x 1 4 2a  7 5(2a  3)
(17) 4  (25) 3  2 (33) 
9y 9y 2w w 4 6
7 2 x x2 4  3a
(18) 4  (26)  (34) 3
c c2 5 8 5
4 x x2 t 9
(19) 3t  (27)  (35) 7
t 8 5 2
2a 3b 3x (4 x  3) 5K  1
(20) 5 (28)  (36) 4
3b 2a 5 3 7
1 3 x (7 x  3 y ) 3 5K  1
(21) 2l  5  (29)  (37) 
4l 5 3 5 6
2 3 4(2a  3) m6
(22)  (30) 1 (38) m
m n 5 4
5 4 3(a  3) m2 m6
(23)  (31) 1 (39) 
m n 5 3 5
Level 2
m  6 2m  13 1 1
(40)  (50) 
5 10 3x  5 3x  8
m m8 1 1
(41)  (51) 
7 9 2x  7 2x  7
1 1 7 4
(42)  (52) 
x2 x2 a  2b a  3b
1 1 8 5
(43)  (53) 
x7 x9 c2 c3
5 3 3y 5z
(44)  (54) 
x  3 x 1 x  6 y x  10 z
5 3 3 4
(45)  (55) 
a  6b a  3b 5l  2m 7l  3m
2b 3c 7 3
(46)  (56) 
a  2b a  3c (2 x  3)( 2 x  3) x(2 x  3)
2x  3 6 3 4y
(47)  (57) 
6 2x  3 (3 x  7 y ) (3 x  7 y )(3 x  2 y )
3 4 7 3 2
(48)   (58) 
x3 x4 x7 (a  b)(a  b) (a  b) 2
1 3a
(49)  1
1  3a (1  3a) 2

Level 3
3 2 2 5x
(59)  2 (60) 
a  5a  4 a  4a  3
2
5 x  2 25 x  15 x  2
2

P. 8
 2 1 2 1 1
(61)  3 (66)  
x x x x
2
a  1 (a  1)
2 2
(a  1) 2
6x  1 3c  2d 16 d 2 3c  2d
(62) 3x  2  (67)  2 
3x 3c  2d 9c  4d 2
3c  2d
4 3 1 1 1 3x
(63)   (68)   2
7x  2 7x  3 7x 1 x 1 x x 1
3 3 3 2 2x
(64)   (69) 1 
4( x  1) 4( x  1) 2( x  1) 2 x  2 4  x2
2x  1 1 2 5 2 2(1  3a)
(65)   (70)   2
2( x  1)( 2 x  3) 2( x  1) 2 x  3 1 a 1 a a 1

P. 9