Unix commands
Note that there are thousands of commands available on a
typical unix box. In bash, just hit the "Tab" key twice and say yes,
to display the the commands currently available on your machine.
A standard unix operating system lists currently thousands of
commands. Type x to list all commands starting with x. The
following list contains some of the more frequently used programs.
Access Control Miscellaneous
exit - terminate a shell (see "man sh" or alias - define synonym commands
"man csh") chquota - change disk quota on ACITS
logout - sign off; end session (C shell and UNIX systems
bash shell only;) chsh - change default login shell
passwd - change login password clear - clear terminal screen
rlogin - log in remotely to another UNIX echo - echo arguments
system pbm - portable bitmap manipulation
ssh - secure shell programs
slogin - secure version of rlogin popd - pop the directory stack (C shell
yppasswd - change login password in only)
yellow pages pushd - push directory on stack (C shell
Communications only)
script - make typescript of terminal
session
mail - send and receive mail setenv - set an environment variable (C
mesg - permit or deny terminal messages shell only)
and talk requests stty - set terminal options
pine - send and receive mail
talk - talk to another logged-in user News/Networks
write - write to another logged-in user
netstat - show network status
Programming Tools rsh - run shell or command on another
UNIX system
as - assembler, specific to each machine ssh - secure-shell version of rsh
architecture
awk - pattern scanning and processing Process Control
language
bc - online calculator bg - put suspended process into
cc - C compiler background
csh - C shell command interpreter fg - bring process into foreground
dbx - source-level debugging program jobs - list processes
f77 - Fortran compiler ^y - suspend process at next input
gdb - GNU Project debugger request
gprof - display profile of called routines ^z - suspend current process
kill - kill a process Status Information
ld - the UNIX loader
lex - generate lexical analysis programs
clock - determine processor time
lint - check C source code
date - show date and time
make - maintain large programs df - summarize free disk space
maple - symbolic mathematics program du - summarize disk space used
math - symbolic mathematics program env - display environment
nice - run a command at low priority (see finger - look up user information
"man nice" or "man csh") history - list previously issued commands
nohup - run a command immune to last - indicate last login of users
hangups lpq - examine spool queue
pc - Pascal compiler (xlp on ADS) manpath - show search path for man
perl - Popular script interpreter pages
prof - display profile data printenv - print out environment
python - Python programming language ps - show process status
sh - Bourne shell command interpreter pwd - print full pathname of working
yacc - generate input parsing programs directory
xcalc - graphical calulator under x set - set shell variables (C shell, bash, or
ksh)
Documentation spend - lists year-to-date ACITS UNIX
charges
apropos - locate commands by keyword stty - set terminal options
lookup time - timing programs
find - locate file (i.e. find . -name *.tex top - list top cpu processes
-print)
uptime - show system load, how long
info - start the info explorer program system has been up
man - find manual information about w - show who is on system, what
commands command each job is executing
whatis - describe what a command is who - show who is logged onto the system
whereis - locate source, binary, or man whois - Internet user name directory
page for a program service
Editors whoami - who owns the shell
emacs - screen-oriented text editor Image Processing
pico - screen-oriented text editor
(renamed called nano) gimp - photoshop type image processing
sed - stream-oriented text editor program
vi - full-screen text editor xfig - drawing program
vim - full-screen text editor ("vi- xv - image viewer
improved") xvscan - scan picture
File and Directory Management xpaint - paint program
kpaint - kde paint program
cd - change working directory Sound
chmod - change the protection of a file or
directory mplayer - mpg player
chown - change owner (or group) of a file realplay - realaudio player
or directory
timidity - midi to wav converter and
chgrp - change group of a file or directory player
cmp - compare two files xmms - mp3 player
comm - select/reject lines common to two
sorted files Text Processing
cp - copy files
crypt - encrypt/decrypt files (CCWF only) abiword - open source word processor
diff - compare the contents of two ASCII addbib - create or extend bibliographic
files database
file - determine file type col - filter reverse line feeds
grep - search a file for a pattern diction - identify wordy sentences
gzip - compress or expand files diffmk - mark differences between files
ln - make a link to a file dvips - convert TeX DVI files into
ls - list the contents of a directory PostScript
lsof - list of open files explain - explain phrases found by diction
mkdir - create a directory program
mv - move or rename files and directories grap - pic preprocessor for drawing graphs
pwd - show the full pathname of your hyphen - find hyphenated words
working directory ispell - check spelling interactively
quota - display disk usage and limits latex - format text in LaTeX (based on
rm - delete (remove) files TeX)
rmdir - delete (remove) directories pdfelatex - latex with pdf output
stat - status of file (i.e. last access) latex2html - Latex to html
sync - flush filesystem buffers lookbib - find bibliography references
sort - sort or merge files macref - make cross-reference listing of
tar - create or extract archives nroff/troff macro files
tee - copy input to standard output and ndx - create a subject-page index for a
other files document
tr - translate characters neqn - format mathematics with nroff
umask - change default file protections nroff - format text for simple display
uncompress - restore compressed file pic - make simple pictures for troff input
uniq - report (or delete) repeated lines in psdit - filter troff output for Apple
a file LaserWriter
wc - count lines, words, and characters in ptx - make permuted index (not on
a file CCWF)
refer - insert references from bibliographic
File Display and databases
Printing roffbib - run off bibliographic database
sortbib - sort bibliographic database
cat - show the contents of a file; catenate spell - find spelling errors
files ispell - interactive spell checker
fold - fold long lines to fit output device style - analyze surface characteristics of a
head - show first few lines of a file document
lpq - examine the printer spooling queue tbl - format tables for nroff/troff
lpr - print a file tex - format text
lprm - remove jobs from the printer tpic - convert pic source files into TeX
spooling queue commands
more - display a file, one screen at a time wget - grab webpage
less - like more with more features X windows
page - like "more", but prints screens top
to bottom grabmode - info on screen: i.e.
pr - paginate a file for printing "1152x864" 51.213kHz/56.59Hz
tail - show the last part of a file import - grab window (i.e. import ppm:-
zcat - display a compressed file >[Link])
xv - show print, manipulate images xdpyinfo - number of colors
gv - show ps and pdf files xkill - kill xwindow
xpdf = shopw pdf files (use gv) xlock - lock screen
xterm - xterminal
xwininfo - information on open window
File Transfer Web
html2ps - html to ps
ftp - transfer files between network hosts
latex2html - latex to html translator
rsync - fast and flexible sync between
lynx - text based webbrowser
computers
netscape - webbrowser
scp - secure version of rcp
sitecopy - sitecopy is for easily
maintaining remote web sites.
weblint - html sytax and style checker
[Link]
