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1.5 ANALYSIS OF FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER
CURRENT-SERIES (OR) SERIES-SERIES FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER
Trans-conductance feedback amplifier provides an output current Io which is
proportional to the input voltage Vs . The feedback signal is the voltage Vf , Here
added to Vs at the input of the amplifier.
Fig.1.5.1 . Current – Series Amplifier
(Source: Microelectronics byJ. Millman and A. Grabel, , 2nd ed., Page-240)
Input & Output resistance:
Input resistance:
Step 1:Draw the equivalent Circuit for Current Series amplifier
Fig.1.5.2 . Current – Series Amplifier-input resistance
(Source: Microelectronics by J. Millman and A. Grabel, , 2nd ed., Page-240)
Looking in fig1.5.2 the input resistance with feedback is given Rif = Vs / Ii
Step 2:Obtain expression for Vs
Appling KVL to the input side,
Vs – Ii Ri – Vf = 0
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Vs = Ii Ri + Vf = Ii Ri + βIo -------- (1)
Step 3:Obtain expression for Io in terms of Vi
Output Current Io is given by
Io = Gm Vi Ro / (Ro + RL)
where GM = Gm Ro / (Ro + RL)
Io = = GM Vi =GM Ii Ri -------- (2)
Gm is open Circuit Transconductance gain without feedback and GM is
Transconductance without feedback taking the load RL into account
Step 4: Obtain expression for Rif
Sub value of Io from eqn (2) in eqn (1)
Vs = Ii Ri + β GM Ii Ri =Ii (Ri + β GM Ri)
Rif = Vs / Ii = Ri + β GM Ri
Output resistance:
Step 1:Draw the equivalent Circuit
Fig.1.5.3 . Current – Series Amplifier-output resistance
(Source: Microelectronics by J. Millman and A. Grabel, , 2nd ed., Page-241)
Output resistance can be measured by shorting the input source V s = 0 and
looking into the output terminals with RL disconnected
Step 2: Obtain expression for I in terms of V
Appling KCL to the output Node,
I = (V / Ro) – Gm Vi -------- (1)
Input voltage is given by
Vi = - Vf = - βIo
Vi = βI :; Io = -I -------- (2)
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Sub value of Vi from eqn (2) in eqn (1)
I = (V / Ro) – Gm βI
V / Ro = I + Gm βI = I (1+ Gm β)
Step 3: Obtain expression for Rof
Rof = V / I
Rof=Ro (1+ β Gm)
Step 4: Obtain expression for R’of
R’of = Rof || RL = RoRL / ( Ro + RL + β Av RL)
Dividing num and den by (Ro + RL )
R’of=R’o (1+ β Gm) / (1+ β GM)
R’o=Ro RL / (Ro + RL)
GM= GmRo / (Ro + RL)
Transistorized Analysis of feedback amplifiers:
1. Identify the type of feedback
2. Find input circuit
3. Find output circuit
4. Replace transistor by its h-parameter equivalent circuit.
5. Find open loop voltage gain
6. Indicate vo and vf and calculate β
7. Calculate D, Avf, Rif, Rof, and R’of
VOLTAGE-SHUNT (OR) SHUNT-SHUNT FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER
The voltage-shunt or shunt-shunt feedback amplifier provides an output voltage
Vo in proportion to the input current Is. The input current Ii of the basic amplifier
is the algebraic sum of Is and the feedback current If.
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Fig 1.5.4.Voltage-Shunt Amplifier
(Source: Microelectronics by J. Millman and A. Grabel, , 2nd ed., Page-252)
Input Resistance:
Step 1:Draw the equivalent Circuit for Voltage Shunt amplifier
Fig 1.5.5.Voltage-Shunt Amplifier-input resistance
(Source: Microelectronics byJ. Millman and A. Grabel, , 2nd ed., Page-252)
Looking in fig 1.5.5 the input resistance with feedback is given Rif = Vi / Is
Step 2: Obtain expression for Is
Appling KCL to the input node,
Is = Ii + If = Ii + βVo ------- (1)
Expression for Vo in terms of Ii
Output Voltage Vo is given by
Vo = Rm Ii Ro / (Ro + RL)
where RM = Rm Ro / (Ro + RL)
Vo = RM Ii -------- (2)
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Rm is open Circuit Transresistance gain without feedback and RM is
Transresistance without feedback taking the load RL into account
Step 3: Obtain expression for Rif
Sub value of Vo from eqn (2) in eqn (1)
Is = Ii + β RM Ii =Ii (1 + β RM )
Rif = Vi / Is = Vi / Ii (1 + β RM )
Output resistance:
Step 1:Draw the equivalent Circuit
Fig 1.5.6.Voltage-Shunt Amplifier-output resistance
(Source: Microelectronics byJ. Millman and A. Grabel, , 2nd ed., Page-252)
Output resistance can be measured by opening the input source Is = 0 and looking
into the output terminals with RL disconnected
Step 2: Obtain expression for I in terms of V ,
Appling KVL to the output Side,
Rm Ii + I Ro – V = 0
I = (V – Rm Ii ) / Ro -------- (1)
Input Current is given by
Ii = - If = - βV -------- (2)
Sub value of Ii from eqn (2) in eqn (1)
I = (V + Rm βV) / Ro
I = V (1 + Rm β) / Ro
Step 3: Obtain expression for Rof
Rof = V / I Rof=Ro / (1+ β Rm)
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Step 3: Obtain expression for R’of
R’of = Rof || RL = RoRL / ( Ro + RL (1 + β Rm) )
R’of=R’o (1+ β RM) R’o=Rof RL / (Rof + RL)
Dividing num and denominator by (Ro + RL )
R’o=Rof RL / (Rof + RL)
Transistorized Analysis of feedback amplifiers:
1. Identify the type of feedback
2. Find input circuit
3. Find output circuit
4. Replace transistor by its h-parameter equivalent circuit.
5. Find open loop voltage gain
6. Indicate vo and vf and calculate β
7. Calculate D, Avf, Rif, Rof, and R’of
SHUNT-SERIES (OR) CURRENT-SHUNT FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER
The current-shunt feedback amplifier, supplies an output current Io which is
proportional to the input current Ii . This makes it a current amplifier.
The feedback signal is the current if the input current of the basic amplifier is Ii =
Is+If and the output current is Io = I
Fig: 1.5.7 Current -Shunt Amplifier
(Source: Microelectronics byJ. Millman and A. Grabel, , 2nd ed., Page-255)
Input & Output resistance:
Input resistance:
Step 1:Draw the equivalent Ckt for Voltage Series Shunt amplifier
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Fig: 1.5.8 Current -Shunt Amplifier-input resistance
(Source: Microelectronics byJ. Millman and A. Grabel, , 2nd ed., Page-256)
Looking in fig 1.5.8 the input resistance with feedback is given Rif = Vi / Is
Step 2:Obtain expression for Is
Appling KCL to the input node ,
Is = Ii + If = Ii + β Io ------- (1)
Step 3:Obtain expression for Io in terms of Ii
Output Current Io is given by
Io = Ai Ii Ro / (Ro + RL)
Where AI = Ai Ro / (Ro + RL)
Io = AI Ii -------- (2)
Ai is open Circuit Current gain without feedback and AI is Current gain without
feedback taking the load RL into account
Step 3: Obtain expression for Rif
Sub value of Io from eqn (2) in eqn (1)
Is = Ii + β AI Ii =Ii (1 + β AI )
Rif = Vi / Is = Vi / Ii (1 + β AI)
Output resistance:
Step 1:Draw the equivalent Ckt
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Fig: 1.5.9 Current -Shunt Amplifier-output resistance
(Source: Microelectronics byJ. Millman and A. Grabel, , 2nd ed., Page-256)
Output resistance can be measured by shorting the input source I s = 0 and looking
into the output terminals with RL disconnected
Step 2: Obtain expression for I in terms of V
Appling KCL to the output node,
I = (V / Ro ) – Ai Ii -------- (1)
Input Current is given by
Ii = - If = - β Io = β I -------- (2)
Sub value of Ii from eqn (2) in eqn (1)
I = (V / Ro ) – Ai β I
V / Ro = I + Ai β I = I (1 + β Ai )
Step 3: Obtain expression for Rof
Rof = V / I
Rof=Ro (1+ β Ai)
Step 4: Obtain expression for R’of
R’of = Rof || RL
R’of=R’o (1+ β Ai) / (1+ β AI)
Dividing num and den by (Ro + RL )
R’o=Ro RL / (Ro + RL)
Transistorized Analysis of feedback amplifiers:
1. Identify the type of feedback
2. Find input circuit
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3. Find output circuit
4. Replace transistor by its h-parameter equivalent circuit.
5. Find open loop voltage gain
6. Indicate vo and vf and calculate β
7. Calculate D, Avf, Rif, Rof, and R’of
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