[ VOLUME 6 I ISSUE 2 I APRIL– JUNE 2019] E ISSN 2348 –1269, PRINT ISSN 2349-5138

ON 𝐠 # 𝛂 CLOSED SETS IN SUPRA TOPOLOGICAL SPACES

Dr.V.Kokilavani (1) & N.R.Bhuvaneswari (2)

1Department of Mathematics, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, (TN), India
2Department of Mathematics, SNS College of Technology , Coimbatore, (TN), India

Received: March 10, 2019 Accepted: April 23, 2019

ABSTRACT: : In this paper, we introduce and investigate a new class of sets called supra 𝑔# 𝛼-closed
sets,𝑔# 𝛼 –continuous function in supra topological space. We further discuss the concept of supra 𝑔# 𝛼 –
irresolute and we investigate several properties of the new notions

Key Words: Supra 𝑔# 𝛼 -closed set,supra 𝑔# 𝛼 –continuity and supra 𝑔# 𝛼 –irresolute

1. INTRODUCTION
In 1983 Mashhour et al [6] introduced Supra topological spaces and studied S- continuous maps and S* -
continuous maps. In 2008, Devi et al. [1] introduced and studied a class of sets called supra -open and a
class of maps called s -continuous maps between topological spaces, respectively. In 2011, G.Ramkumar et
al [9] Supra g -Closed set and supra g-continuity maps .Quite recently G. Ramkumar et al.[8] have introduced
~ -closed.
and studied a class of sets called supra g
In this paper, we introduce the concept g # α – closed sets , supra g # α - continuous functions , supra g # α -
irresolute and investigated several properties for these classes of functions in supra topological spaces.

2. PRELIMINARIES
Definition: 2.1[6] A subfamily of µ of X is said to be a supra topology on X, if
(i) X, φ ∈ µ
(ii) if Ai ∈µ for all i ∈ J then ∪ Ai ∈ µ.
The pair (X, µ) is called supra topological space. The elements of µ are called supra open sets in (X, µ) and
complement of a supra open set is called a supra closed set.
Definition: 2.2[6](i) The supra closure of a set A is denoted by cl µ(A) and is defined as cl µ (A) = ∩{B : B is a
supra closed set and A ⊆ B}.
(ii) The supra interior of a set A is denoted by int µ(A) and defined as intµ(A) =∪{B: B is a supra open set and
A ⊇ B}.
Definition: 2.3[6] Let (X, τ) be a topological spaces and µ be a supra topology on X. We call µ a supra
topology associated with τ if τ ⊂ µ.
Definition: 2.4 [1] Let (X,µ) be a supra topological space. A Subset A of X is called supra α − open set if
A ⊆ int μ (clμ (int μ A ) . The complement of supra α - open set is supra α - closed set.
Definition: 2.5 [9] Let (X, µ) be a supra topological space. A Subset A of X is called g-closed set if
clμ (A) ⊆ U ,whenever AU and U is supra open set of X.
Definition: 2.6 [4] Let (X, µ) be a supra topological space .A Subset A of X is called gs -closed set if
sclμ (A) ⊆ U whenever AU and U is supra open set of X
Definition: 2.7 [4] Let (X, µ) be a supra topological space.A Subset A of X is called αg-closed set if
αcl μ (A) ⊆ U ,whenever AU and U is supra open set of X.
Definition: 2.8 [8] Let (X, μ) be a supra topological space. A subset A of X is called a supra g # closed set if
clμ (A) ⊆ U ,whenever AU and U is αg open set of X.
Definition: 2.9 Let (X, μ) and (Y, σ) be two topological spaces and τ ⊂ µ. A map f: (X, τ) → (Y, σ) is called
(i) supra continuous [1] if the inverse image of each open set of Y is a supra open set in X.
(ii) supra α-continuous [1] if the inverse image of each open set of Y is a supra α -open set in X.
(iii) supra g-continuous [9] if the inverse image of each closed set of Y is a supra g-closed set in X.
(iv)Supra gs-continuous [2] if the inverse image of each closed set of Y is a supra gs-closed set in X.
(v) Supra g-continuous [2]if the inverse image of each closed set of Y is a supra g-closed set in X.
Definition: 2.11 Let (X, μ) and (Y, σ) be two topological spaces and τ ⊂ µ. A map f: (X, τ) → (Y, σ) is called
(i) Supra closed [1] if the image of each closed set of X is a supra closed set in Y.
(ii) Supra α-closed [1] if the image of each closed set of X is a supra α -closed set in Y.

806𝗑 IJRAR- International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews Research Paper
[VOLUME 6 I ISSUE 2 I APRIL – JUNE 2019] e ISSN 2348 –1269, Print ISSN 2349-5138
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(iii) Supra g-closed [9] if the image of each closed set of X is a supra g-closed set in Y.
(iv)Supra gs-closed [2] if the image of each closed set of X is a supra gs-closed set in Y.
(v)Supra g -closed [2] if the image of each closed set of X is a supra g -closed set in Y.
Definition 2.12 Let (X, μ) and (Y, σ) be two topological spaces and τ ⊂ µ. A map f: (X, τ) → (Y, σ) is called
(i) Supra irresolute [1] if f −1 (v) is supra closed in X for every supra closed set V of Y.
(ii)Supra α -irresolute [1] if f −1 (v) is supra a-closed in X for every supra α -closed set V of Y.
(iii) Supra g -irresolute [2] if f −1 (v) is supra g-closed in X for every supra g -closed set V of Y.

3.BASIC PROPERTIES OF SUPRA 𝐠 # 𝛂 -CLOSED SETS

Definition: 3.1 Let (x , 𝜇) be supra topological spaces. A Subset A of X is called supra g# α closed set if
αclμ A ⊆ U,Whenever A ⊆ U and U is supra g-open set of X.
Definition: 3.2 Let (x,𝜇) be supra topological spaces. A subset A of X is called supra g∗ closed set if
clμ A ⊆ U, Whenever A ⊆ U and U is supra g-open set of X.
Theorem: 3.3 Every supra closed set is supra α- closed.
Proof: Let A be supra closed in (X, µ) , clμ A = A, then clμ (int μ (clμ A ) ⊆ clμ A ⊆ A. Hence
clμ (intμ (clμ A ) ⊆ A.Therefore A is supra α- closed.
Remark: 3.4 The converse of the above theorem need not be true as seen from the following example.
Example: 3.5 Let X= {a, b, c} and µ ={X, φ, {a},{b, c},{a.b}} Then the set {b} is supra α - closed set in (X, µ) but
not supra closed.
Theorem: 3.6 Every supra semi closed set is supra α closed.
Proof: Let A be supra semi closed in (X, µ) .Therefore int μ clμ A = A,
clμ (int μ (clμ A ) ⊆ int μ (clμ A ⊆ A .Hence clμ (int μ (clμ A ) ⊆ A.Therefore A is supra α closed
Remark: 3.7 The converse of the above theorem need not be true as seen from the following example.
Example: 3.8 Let X= {a, b, c} and µ ={X, φ, {a},{b, c},{a.b}} Then the set {b} is supra set in (X, µ) supra α -
closed but not semi - closed.
Theorem: 3.9 Every supra closed set is supra g# α- closed.
Proof: Let A U and U be supra g- open set in (X, µ) . Since A be supra closed in (X, µ) then
clμ A = A ⊆ U .
We also know that αclμ A ⊆ clμ A ⊆U which implies αclμ A ⊆ U and U is supra g-open.
Therefore A is supra g# α- closed.
Remark: 3.10 The converse of the above theorem need not be true as seen from the following example.
Example: 3.11 Let X= {a, b, c, d } and µ ={X, φ, {a},{a. c},{b, c},{a, b, c}}
Then the set {b, c} is supra g# α - closed set in (X, µ) but not supra closed.
Theorem 3.12 Every supra α-closed set is supra g# α-closed
Proof: Let A U and U is supra g- open set in (X, µ). Since A is supra α-closed set then αclμ A = A ⊆ U.
Hence A is supra g # α closed
Remark: 3.13 The converse of the above theorem need not be true as seen from the following example.
Example: 3.14 Let X= {a, b, c ,d } and µ ={X, φ, {a},{a.c},{b,c},{a,b,c}}
Then the set {a ,b, d} is supra g# α - closed set in (X, µ) but not supra α -closed.
Theorem 3.15 Every supra g∗ closed set is supra g# α closed
Proof: Let A U and U is supra g- open set in (X, µ). Since A is supra g ∗ closed set, clμ A = A U. We know
that

Remark: 3.16 The converse of the above theorem need not be true as seen from the following example.
Example 3.17 Let X = a, b, c, d with µ ={X, φ, {a},{a.c},{b,c},{a,b,c}}. It is evident that {b, c} is supra g # α -
closed set but not supra g ∗ - closed set.
Theorem 3.18 Every supra g# α-closed set is supra gs -closed
Proof: Let A U and U is supra open set in (X, µ). Since A is supra g# α - closed set, we know the result every

Remark: 3.19 The converse of the above theorem need not be true as seen from the following example.
Example 3.20 Let X = a, b, c, d with µ ={X, φ, {a},{a.c},{b,c},{a,b,c}}.It is evident that {b, c} is supra g # α -
closed set but not supra gs - closed set.
Theorem: 3.21 The union of two supra g# α - closed set is supra g# α - closed set.
Proof: Let A and B two supra g # α - closed set. Let A∪ B⊆ G, where G is supra open.

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Since A and B are supra g # α -closed sets. Therefore ( αclμ A ∪ αclμ B ) ⊆ G. Thus αclμ (A ∪ B) ⊆ G. Hence
A∪B is supra g# α -closed set.
Theorem 3.22 Let A be supra g # α -closed set of (X,µ). Then αclμ A − A does not contain any non empty
supra g-closed set.
Proof: Necessity Let A be supra g # α -closed set. suppose F≠ φ is a supra g - closed set of αclμ A − A. Then
F ⊆ αclμ A − A implies F ⊆ αclμ A and Ac. This implies A⊆ Fc. Since A is supra g# α -closed set, 𝛼clµ (A) ⊆
Uc .Consequently, F⊆ [𝛼clµ (A)]c.Hence F⊆ αclµ (A) ∩ [αclµ(A)]c = φ. Therefore F is empty, a contradition.
Sufficiency: Suppose A ⊆U and that U is supra g - open. If αclµ (A) ⊄ U. Then 𝛼clµ (A)∩ U c is a not empty
supra g - closed subset of 𝛼clµ(A) - A.
Hence 𝛼clµ(A)∩ U c = φ and 𝛼clµ(A)⊆ U .Therefore A is supra g# α - closed.
Theorem: 3.23 If A is supra g# α -closed set in a supra topological space (X,µ) and A⊆B ⊆ αclµ (A) then B is
also supra g# α - closed set.
Proof: Let U be supra g - open set in (X,µ) such that B⊆ U. Since A⊆ B ⇒ A⊆U and since A is supra g# α -
closed set in (X, µ) αclµ (A)⊆ U, since B ⊆ αclµ(A). Then αclµ(B) ⊆U. Therefore B is also supra g # α - closed set
in (X,µ)
Theorem: 3.24 Let A be supra g# α - closed set then A is supra g# α - closed iff αclµ (A)-A is supra g - closed .
Proof: Let A be supra g # α - closed set.If A is supra g # α - closed, we have αclµ(A)-A =φ, which
is g - closed. Conversely, let αclµ (A)-A is g # α - closed. Then by the theorem 3.12, αclµ(A) - A does not
contain any non empty supra g - closed and αclµ(A)-A=φ. Hence A is supra g # α - closed.
Theorem: 3.25 If B is supra g - open and supra g# α - closed set in X, then B is supra g - closed.
Proof: Since B is supra g - open and supra g# α - closed then αclµ (B)⊆ B, but B⊆ αclµ(B). Therefore
B=αclµ (B).Hence B is g - closed.
Theorem: 3.26 Let A be supra -open and supra g# α - closed set. Then A∩F is g- closed whenever F is supra
g- closed.
Proof: Let A be supra gs -open and supra g# α - closed set then αclµ (A)⊆ A and also A⊆ αclµ (A). Therefore
αclµ(A) = A. Hence A is supra g-closed. Since F is supra g-closed. Therefore A∩ F is supra g-closed in X.
Hence A∩F is supra g - closed in X.
From the above theorem and example we have the following diagram

4. SUPRA 𝐠 # 𝛂 CONTINUOUS FUNCTIONS

Definition: 4.1 (i) A function f: (X, τ ) → (Y, σ) is called supra g# α - Continuous if f −1 (A) is supra g# α-
supra closed in (X, τ) for every supra closed set A of (Y, σ).
(ii) A function f: (X, τ ) → (Y, σ) is called supra g∗ - Continuous if f −1 (A) is supra g# α- supra closed in (X,
τ) for every supra closed set A of (Y, σ).
Definition: 4.2 A function f: (X, τ) → (Y, σ) is called g # α - irresolute if f −1 (A) is supra g# α -closed in
(X,µ) for every supra g# α – supra closed set A of (Y, σ).
Theorem: 4.3 Every supra continuous function is supra g # α - continuous.
Proof: Let f: (X, τ) → (Y, σ) be a supra continuous function .Let A is supra closed set in (Y, σ). Since f is
supra continuous, then f −1 (A) is supra closed in (X, τ).We know that every supra closed set is supra g # α -
closed in (X , τ ). Therefore f −1 (A) is supra g# α - closed set in (X ,τ ).Hence f is supra g# α continuous
function.
Remark: 4.4 The converse of the above theorem need not be true as seen from the following example.
Example: 4.5 Let X ={a, b, c}, τ = {X, ϕ ,{a},{b},{a,b},{{a,c} } and σ ={Y,ϕ,{a}{a,b}{b,c}}.
Let f :(X, τ) → (Y, σ) be a function defined by f(a) = b, f(b) = a, f(c) = c. Let f −1 (({b, c}) ={a, c} is supra g# α -
closed but not supra closed. Then f is supra g# α -continuous but not supra continuous.
Theorem: 4.6 Every supra α continuous function is supra g# α – continuous

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Proof: Let f: (X, τ) → (Y, σ) be a supra continuous .Let A is supra closed in (Y, σ). Since f is supra α
continuous, then f −1 (A) is supra closed in (X, τ). We know that every supra α closed set is supra g # α -
closed in (X ,τ) Therefore f −1 (A) is supra closed and it is supra g# α - closed in (X, µ). Hence f is supra g# α
- continuous.
Remark: 4.7 The converse of the above theorem need not be true as seen from the following example.
Example: 4.8 Let X ={a, b, c}, τ = {X, {a},{b},{a,b},{{a,c} } and σ ={Y,ϕ,{a}{a,b}{b,c}}.
Let f :(X, τ) → (Y, σ) be a function defined by f(a) = b, f(b) = a, f(c) = c. Let f −1 ({b, c})={a, c} is supra g # α -
closed but not supra closed. Then f is supra g# α -continuous but not supra continuous.
Theorem: 4.9 Every supra g∗ continuous function is supra g# α - continuous
Proof: Let f: (X, τ) → (Y, σ) be a supra continuous .Let A is supra closed in (Y, σ). Since f is supra α
continuous, then f −1 (A) is supra closed in (X, τ). We know that every supra g∗ closed set is supra g # α -
closed in (X , τ ). Therefore f −1 (A) is supra closed and it is supra g# α - closed in (X, µ). Hence f is supra
g # α - continuous.
Remark: 4.10 The converse of the above theorem need not be true as seen from the following example.
Example: 4.11Let X ={a, b, c}, τ = {X, {a},{b},{a,b},{{a,c} } and σ ={Y,ϕ,{a}{a,b}{b,c}}.
Let f : (X, τ) → (Y, σ) be a function defined by f(a) = c, f(b) = a, f(c) = b. Let f −1 (({b, c}) ={a,b} is supra g # α
-closed but not g∗ supra closed. Then f is supra g # α -continuous but not supra continuous.
Theorem: 4.12 Every supra g# α continuous function is supra αg - continuous
Proof: Let f: (X, τ) → (Y, σ) be a supra continuous. Let A is supra closed in (Y, σ). Since f is supra g# α
continuous, then f −1 (A) is supra closed in (X, τ). We know that every supra g# α closed set is supra αg -
closed in (X ,τ ). Therefore f −1 (A) is supra closed and it is supra g# α - closed in (X, τ). Hence f is supra g# α
- continuous.
Remark: 4.13 The converse of the above theorem need not be true as seen from the following examples.
Example: 4.16 Let X=Y ={a, b, c}, τ = {X, {a},{b},{a,b},{{a,c} } and σ ={Y,ϕ,{a}{a,b}{b,c}}.
Let f: (X, τ) → (Y, σ) be a function defined by f(a) = c, f(b) = a, f(c) = b.Let f −1 (({b,c}) = {a, b} which is
g # α - continuous but not αg continuous.
Theorem: 4.14 Every supra g# α continuous function is supra gs - continuous
Proof: Let f: (X, τ) → (Y, σ) be a supra continuous. Let A is supra closed in (Y, σ). Since f is supra g# α
continuous, then f −1 (A) is supra closed in (X, τ). We know that every supra g# α closed set is gs – closed
in (X ,τ ).Therefore f −1 (A) is supra closed and it is supra gs - closed in (X, µ).Hence f is supra gs -
continuous.
Remark: 4.15 The converse of the above theorem need not be true as seen from the following examples.
Example: 4.16 Let X=Y ={a, b, c}, τ = {X, {a},{b},{a,b},{{a,c} } and σ ={Y,ϕ,{a}{a,b}{b,c}}.
Let f: (X, τ) → (Y, σ) be a function defined by f(a) = c, f(b) = a, f(c) = b.Let f −1 (({b, c}) = {a, b} which is
g # α - continuous but not gs - continuous
Theorem: 4.17 Every supra g# α irresolute is supra g# α continuous
Proof: Let f: (X, τ) → (Y, σ) be a supra g # α irresolute.Let A is supra closed in (Y, σ). Since A is supra g# α
closed set, then A is supra g # α irresolute, f −1 (A) is a supra g# α closed set in (X, τ) .Therefore
f is supra g# α continuous
Remark: 4.18 The converse of the above theorem need not be true as seen from the following examples.
Example: 4.19 Let X=Y={a, b, c}, τ = {X, ϕ ,{a},{b},{a,b},{{a,c} } and σ ={Y,ϕ,{a}{a,b}{b,c}}.
Let f: (X, τ) → (Y, σ ) be any two function defined by f(a) = c, f(b) = b, f(c) = a. Then f is supra g # α -
continuous. Since f−1{a, b} = {c, b} is not supra g# α closed in (X, τ).Therefore f is not supra g# α -irresolute.
Theorem: 4.20 Every supra g# α irresolute is supra gs continuous
Proof: Let f: (X, τ) → (Y, σ) be a supra g# α irresolute and A is supra closed in (Y, σ). Since A is supra g# α
closed set, then A is supra g # α irresolute, f −1 (A) is a supra g # α closed set in (X, τ) .Therefore f is supra g# α
continuous
Remark: 4.21 The converse of the above theorem need not be true as seen from the following examples.
Example: 4.22 Let X=Y={a, b, c}, τ = {X, ϕ ,{a},{b},{a,b},{{a,c} } and σ ={Y,ϕ,{a}{a,b}{b,c}}.
Let f: (X, τ) → (Y, σ ) be any two function defined by f(a) = c, f(b) = b, f(c) = a. Then f is supra g # α -
continuous. Since f −1 (({b, c}) = {a, b} is not supra g# α closed in (X, τ).Therefore f is not supra g # α -
irresolute.
Theorem: 3.23 Every supra g# α irresolute is supra gs irresolute
Proof: Let f: (X, τ) → (Y, σ) be a supra g# α irresolute and A is supra closed in (Y, σ). Since A is supra g# α
closed set, then A is supra g # α irresolute, f −1 (A) is a supra g# α closed set in X.Therefore f is supra g# α
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closed set is supra gs closed. Therefore f is supra gs irresolute.
Remark: 3.24 The converse of the above theorem need not be true as seen from the following examples.
Example: 4.25 Let X=Y={a, b, c}, τ = {X, ϕ ,{a},{b},{a,b},{{a,c} } and σ ={Y,ϕ,{a}{a,b}{b,c}}.
Let f: (X, τ) → (Y, σ ) be any two function defined by f(a) = c, f(b) = b, f(c) = a. Then f is su pra g# α -
continuous. Since f −1 (({b, c}) = {a, b} is not supra g# α closed in (X, τ).Therefore f is not supra g # α -
irresolute.
Theorem: 3.26 Let f : (X, τ) → (Y, σ) and
g : (Y, σ) → (Z, γ) be any two function then
(i) gof is supra g # α -continuous if g is supra continuous if f is supra g# α -continuous.
(ii) gof is g# α - irresolute if g is g # α - irresolute and f is supra g # α - irresolute.
(iii) gof is supra g # α -continuous if g is supra g# α -continuous and f is supra g# α - irresolute.
Proof: (i) Let A be supra closed in (Z, γ). Then , g −1 (A) is supra closed in (Y, σ). Since g is supra
continuous, then f −1 (g−1 A ) = g ∘ f −1 (A) is supra g# α -closed in (X, τ ). Hence gof is supra g # α -
continuous.
(ii) Let A be g# α -closed in (Z, γ).Then g−1 A is supra g# α -closed in (Y, σ). Since g is supra g # α -irresolute,
then f −1 (g−1 A ) = g ∘ f −1 (A) is supra g# α -closed in (X, τ ). Hence gof is supra g # α -irresolute.
(iii) Let A be supra closed in (Z, γ).Then , g −1 (A) is supra g # α -closed in (Y, σ). Since g is supra g# α -
continuous, then f −1 (g−1 A ) = g ∘ f −1 (A) is supra g# α -closed in (X, τ). Hence gof is supra g# α -
continuous.
Remark: 3.26 The composition of two supra g# α -continuous function need not supra g# α - continuous
and it is shown by the following example.
Example: 3.27 Let X ={a, b, c, d} ,τ = {X, , ϕ , {a}{b}{a, b}} and σ = {X, , ϕ , {a}{c}{a, c}}
Let f: (X, τ) → (X, τ ) be a function defined by f(a) = b, f(b) = c, f(c) = d and f(d)=a.
Let g: (X, τ) → (X, σ) be a function defined by g(a) = b, g(b) = c,g(c) =d and g(d)=a.
Then f and g are supra g# α -continuous, since {b, c, d} is supra closed in (X, σ),
g ∘ f −1 {b, c, d} ={a, b, d} which is not g# α -closed in (X, τ).
Therefore gof is not supra g # α - continuous.

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