Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
9
ZestforProgressZ eal
ofP artnership
Science Grade 9
Quarter 4 – Module 8
Electrical Energy
Generation and
Transmission
Name of Learner: _____________________________
Grade &Section:
Name of School:
Module Electrical Energy Generation
8 and Transmission
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the concepts behind how electrical energy is generated, transmitted, and
distributed (S9FE-IVh-j-46). The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the
order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now
using.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. describe energy transformation in electrical power plants;
2. illustrate the energy transmission and distribution from a power station to the
community;
3. express how electric power is measured;
4. calculate the electrical energy usage;
In this module, you will discover sources of energy and how electricity is generated from
power plants. You will be able to trace the path of electrical energy transmission and how it is
distributed from the source to your homes and calculate the cost of your energy consumption. This
important information would help you understand your electrical usage and lead you to identify ways
on how to conserve electrical energy at home and in school.
What’s In
30
Activity 1: Sources of Energy
A. Directions: Fill in the blanks with the terms from the word bank below.
WORD BANK
Homes Oil Steam Gas Spin
Coal Electricity Turbine Heat Generator
1. Fuels such as __________and _____________ are burnt to produce
_________energy.
2. Heat energy makes the water boil to produce ___________.
3. Steam drives the ___________, making it _____________.
4. The spinning turbine turns the _______________ which produces ________.
5. The electricity travels through the national grid for use in our __________.
B. Label the parts of a Hydropower Plant and Coal powered power: Write your answer next to the
picture. (1 point each)
2._____________ 5._____________
1._____________ ___ ___
___ 4._____________ 6._____________
___ ___
3.__________
Figure 1. Parts of a Hydropower Plant
8._____________
Figure 2. Parts of a Coal-Fired Power Plant
___
Source: Science 9._____________
9 Learners Module
7._____________ ___
___ 10.____________
____
What’s New
10
Activity 2: More “Power” in the Philippines
Objective
These simple science activities will help you identify the location of some power plants
in the Philippine map and determines the Region it belongs to.
Materials
Pictures of power plants in the Philippines Philippine Map
Color pens or crayons Paste or glue
Procedure
1. Using the Philippine map, identify the location of power plants based on the tabulation
below.
2. Write the region of the power plants on the map.
1._____________
___
10.__________
_
8. 9.
2._____________
___
4._____________
7.
6._____________
3._____________
5._____________
3. Using color pens or crayons make a small dot of different color that best represents the
region.
4. Paste the pictures of the power plants on the map.
5. Fill in the additional sources and types of power plants available in your communities and
supply the needed information. Also, cut out pictures of these power plants and paste
them on the Philippine map.
NAME TYPE SOURCE LOCATION OPERATIONAL? REGION
Agus 1 Hydroelectri Water Maria Cristina Yes
c Falls, Iligan City
Calaca Thermal Coal Calaca, Yes
Thermal Batangas
Plant
Tiwi Plant Geothermal Earth’s Tiwi, Albay Yes
Interior
Bohol Diesel Fossil Dampas, Yes
Diesel Power fuel Tagbilaran City
Plant
Bataan Nuclear Nuclear Bataan No
Plant Fuel
Agus 1 Hydroelectric Plant Calaca Coal-Fired Plant
Agus 1 Hydroelectric Plant
Tiwi Geothermal Plant
Tiwi Geothermal Plant
Bataan Nuclear Power
Plant
Figure 3. Different Power Plants
Photos: http://www.napocor.gov.ph/
PHILIPPINE MAP
Guide
Questions:
Q1. Where is your place of residence?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Q2. What source of energy is nearest to your place?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Q3. What electric power plants are present in your area?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Q4. Identify the location of these plants on the Philippine map.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
What is it
How is Electricity Transmitted and Distributed?
From the power plants, electricity is then made to travel along cables and wires called
transmission lines. Transmission lines are commonly put up between transmission substations which
are regulated by the National Power Corporation. Transmission lines may either be constructed
overhead on towers or they may be underground. They are operated at high voltages, send out large
amounts of electrical power, and extend over considerable distances.
From the generating station, the transmission substations step up the voltage to a range of
138,000 – 765,000 volts. Within the operating area, transmission substations reduce (step down) the
transmitted voltage to 34,500 – 138,000 volts. This power is then carried through lines to the
distribution systems located in the local service area.
The distribution system connects the transmission system to the customer’s household.
ZAMSURECO is in charge of electrical energy distribution in Zamboanga Del Sur. The distribution
substations further step down the voltage to 2,400 – 19, 920 volts. A step-down transformer further
reduces the voltage to 220 V – the standard AC voltage in the Philippines. This voltage powers most
of the electrical appliances we have at home.
What’s More
20
Activity 3: Tracing Power!
Objectives
After performing this activity, you should be able to trace the path of electricity from the
generating station, transmission station, and residential areas.
Materials
pictures of power transmission components bond paper
concept strips glue
Procedure
1. A copy of the pictures for power transmission components is presented in Appendix A.
2. Carefully analyze the pictures.
3. Cut these pictures and arrange in a manner that the electrical energy is generated.
4. Paste the cut pictures in space provided below.
5. Match the descriptions found in Appendix B to the pictures, presented in the picture
concept below.
PICTURE CONCEPT ON POWER TRANSMISSION
1 2
PASTE HERE (DESCRIPTION) PASTE HERE (DESCRIPTION)
4 3
PASTE HERE (DESCRIPTION) PASTE HERE (DESCRIPTION)
4 3
PASTE HERE (DESCRIPTION) PASTE HERE (DESCRIPTION)
Calculating Energy Use
Do you know that you can calculate your electric bill? But before that, let us know the basis for
calculating your electric bill. One of the factors to be considered is the power rating of your appliance.
By the way, what is power?
You learned in Grade 8 the three electrical basic quantities which are current, voltage, and
resistance. Multiplying the voltage and current is equal to power. For instance, the power rating of an
appliance depends on both the voltage and current. The formula for finding power (in watts) is written
below.
POWER = (VOLTAGE)(CURRENT)
P = VI
where:
P = Power (Watts) W
V = Voltage (Volts) V
I = Current (Amperes) A
For example, an electric fan draws 5-A current from a 220-V outlet, its power input is 1,100 W.
For one appliance, the power rating is large in number, so the unit used for combined power rating in
a household is in kilowatt (kW) which is equal to 1000 watts. All of the appliances in a household may
have a combined power rating, that is why energy is usually computed based on the time of usage of
the appliances. To get the total energy used by an appliance in an hour, multiply the power
consumption by the one hour as in the formula below:
ENERGY = (POWER)(TIME)
E = Pt
where
E = ENERGY USED (kilowatt - kWh
hour)
P = Power (Volts) V
t = TIME (Hour) hr
The unit of measurement for energy usage is kilowatt-hour (kWh) which is one kilowatt of
power for one hour. For example, the reading in the analog meter in Figure 1 shows that the
customer has used almost 8000kWh, 7796 kWh to be exact, while the reading in the digital meter of
another customer is exactly 40.608 kWh. To find how much energy you used in one month, your last
month’s reading is subtracted from the total. Try to solve the following sample problems in calculating
energy costs.
SAMPLE PROBLEM
1. All of the computers in the ICT room are in use for 5 hours every day and together use 8.3
kW. How much electrical energy is used in a day?
GIVEN
E = 8.3 kW
P = ?
t = 5h
SOLUTION
E = Pt = (8.3 kW) (5h) E = 41.5 kWh
SAMPLE PROBLEM
2. How much does it cost to operate a 400 W television for 8 hours if electrical energy costs 6.88
pesos per kWh (includes both generation and distribution charges - ZAMSURECO rate as of
January 2014)?
GIVEN
E = ?
P = 400 W (.400 Kw)
t = 8h
Additional formula; operation cost = (E)(rate per E)
The current rate for local electrical energy distributor is found to be Php 6.88
per kWh.
SOLUTION
E = Pt = (0.400 kW) (8h) E = 3.2 kWh
operation cost = (E)(rate per E)
operation cost = (3.2 kWh)(Php 6.88/kWh)
operation cost = Php 22.02
Try to examine the sample billing statement in Figure
8, the total energy consumed for a month is 419
kWh. This means that the company charges 4.36
pesos/kWh as seen in the Generation charge which is
1,827.01. But why did the company charge a total of
4321.31 to the consumer? As seen in the billing
summary, the company enumerates other fees to
be paid.Activity 4: Let’s Calculate!
Solve the following problems. Show your
solution. (5 points each)
1. A car consumes energy of 500 Watts
of power if it works for 2 hours a day
using it. Calculate the energy
consumption a day.
2. A laptop computer uses a 75 W
adapter when it is plugged in. Electricity
costs 7.4 pesos per kWh. Calculate how
much it would cost to operate the laptop
for December for 24 hours per day.
3. Luffy recorded his family's electric consumption for 2 months. The initial reading is
27193 kwh and the next reading is 27310. How many kwh is used in a month?
What I Have Learned
10
Activity 5: Let’s see what have you learned!
Let us check what you have learned about electricity. Fill in the blanks in the table below.
POWER TIME ELECTRICAL PRICE COST
ENERGY (kWh)
10 kW 100 h _____________ P 6.88 _____________
25 kW 5h _____________ P 6.88 _____________
35 kW 10h _____________ P 6.88 _____________
100 kW 4h _____________ P 6.88 _____________
1,000 kW 2h _____________ P 6.88 _____________
You did it! Keep up the good work. This would help you understand your lectrical
consumption. There’s more that you can do.
What I Can Do 15
Activity 6: Think to save!
Can you think of some ways on how we can save on electrical energy consumption?
List down at least 3 energy-saving tips for each appliance opposite the given appliances. (3
points each)
a. Washing machine
b. Refrigerator
c. Clothes Iron
d. Lights and Lamp
e. Electric Fans
Assessment A
10
Directions. Choose the letter of the best answer. Encircle your answer.
1. Last month, Ms. Alcantara’s electric meter reads 8765 kWh. How much will she pay for
power generation if the charge of an electric company per kWh is 6.88 pesos and her
electric meter reads 9975 this month?
A. ₱ 8765.00 C. ₱ 1210.00
B. ₱ 8324.80 D. ₱ 3457.42
2. Jaypeth paid ₱1250.00 for electric bill. How much energy (in kWh) is consumed if the
company charges ₱6.88/kWh?
A. 186.81 C. 188.61
B. 181.69 D. 181.86
3. In buying an appliance, which of the following efficiency guide would you consider? Why?
A B C D
4. How is the energy efficiency ratio (EEF) related to the operating cost?
A. The higher the EEF, the higher the operating cost
B. The higher the EEF, the lower the operating cost
C. The lower the EEF, the higher the operating cost
D. The lower the EEF, the lower the operating cost
5. Gemma wanted to improve the lighting condition of her room by buying a lamp. What
suggestions can you give her and why?
A. Buy an incandescent bulb because it gives off more light.
B. Buy a compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) or LED lamp because it is more energy-efficient.
C. Buy a fluorescent lamp because it is brighter than an incandescent bulb.
D. Buy an incandescent bulb because it is cheaper.
6. A 60-watt bulb is connected to a 120V plug. What is the current in the lighted bulb?
A. 0.25 A C. 2 A
B. 0.5 A D. 4 A
7. To reduce your electric bill
A. Make use of limited appliances C. Put off the main switch during the day
B. Put off appliances when not in use D. Connect appliances in series
8. What has produced if the magnet and the conductor move relative to each other?
A. Voltage C. Resistance
B. Magnetic Field D. Current
9. When there is a change in the magnetic field in a closed loop of wire,
A. A voltage is induced in the wire.
B. Current is made to flow in the loop of wire.
C. Electromagnetic induction occurs.
D. All of these
10. All of the following power plants use steam to drive the turbines to produce electricity
except;
A. Hydropower C. Coal-Fired
B. Geothermal D. Nuclear
Assessment B
`
10
Choose the letter of the best possible answer. Encircle your answer.
1. Which source of electricity produces the least carbon dioxide?
A. Nuclear power C. Coal
B. Hydropower D. Natural gas
2. What should you do when you leave a room?
A. Turn off the electrical appliances inside
B. Clean the room.
C. Do nothing.
D. Turn off the lights only.
3. Avion paid ₱1250.00 for the electric bill. How much energy (in kWh) is consumed if the
electric company charges ₱6.88/kWh?
A. 186.81 C. 188.61
B. 181.69 D. 181.86
4. Last month, Ms. Zulueta’s electric meter reads 8765 kWh. How much will she pay for
power generation if the charge of an electric company per kWh is 6.88 pesos and her
electric meter reads 9975 this month?
A. ₱ 8765.00 C. ₱ 1210.00
B. ₱ 8324.80 D. ₱ 3457.42
5. How will the electricity get to a home or an apartment?
A. Through the air C. Over the power lines
B. Through the cable D. From the satellite
6. What is the unit used for electrical energy?
A. Joule C. Kilowatt
B. Kilojoule D. Megawatt
7. A. 0.40 KW lamp was turned on for 8 hours, What is the electrical energy in kWh consumed
by the lamp?
A. 3.2 kWh C. 32.0 kWh
B. 320 kWh D. 3200 kw
8. What are the two advantages of geothermal energy?
A. Cheap and a lot of pollution C. Cheap and little pollution
B. Expensive and a lot of pollution D. Expensive and little pollution
9. What is the energy generated from the sun by using solar panels?
A. Hydropower C. Solar
B. Nuclear D. Wind
10. Chloe turned on the lamp switch in her room. Which of the following is the correct path of
electrical power that can be traced back to the source?
A. Transmission substations power plants residences distribution
substations
B. Residences distribution substations power plants transmission substations
C. Power plant transmission substations distribution substations residences
D. Distribution substations transmission substations power plants residences
APPENDIX A
PICTURE
ACTIVITY 3 – TRACING POWER
APPENDIX B
DESCRIPTION
ACTIVITY 3 – TRACING POWER
GLUE AND PASTE THIS PART GLUE AND PASTE THIS PART
FOLD THIS PART HERE FOLD THIS PART HERE
The steam powers a turbine which spins The electric current then runs
a huge magnet inside a copper wire. through the power lines to the
Heat energy converts to mechanical substation transformer where voltage
energy which then converts to electrical is lowered to between 2000 and
energy in the generator. 13000 volts.
GLUE AND PASTE THIS PART GLUE AND PASTE THIS PART
FOLD THIS PART HERE FOLD THIS PART HERE
Electricity is then taken through the lines Electricity flows from the power plant
to a pole transformer – or a transformer through wires to the step up
box if underground – and voltage is transformer. The transformer raises the
lowered again to between 120 and 240 voltage so it can travel long distances-its
volts. raised as high as 756,000 volts.
GLUE AND PASTE THIS PART GLUE AND PASTE THIS PART
FOLD THIS PART HERE FOLD THIS PART HERE
Steam is generated at the From here electricity comes into your
electricity plant by the burning of home through a service box, where your
meter is located to measure how much
fossil fuels – or at a nuclear or you use. Wires take electricity around
hydroelectric plant. your home powering your lights and all
your other appliances
Answer Key- Gr9Q4W8 Science
References
Books:
Science- Grade 9 Learner’s Module First Edition,2014, Reprint, 2017 Page 320-338
Electronic Resources:
https://www.ducksters.com/science/quiz/electricity_uses_questions.php
Development Team Region IX Hymn
OUR EDEN LAND
Writer: ARVE S. TARIO
Teacher II
ZSSAT Here the treesand Golden beams of
Illustrator: Flowers bloom, sunrise and sunset,
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Reviewer: MILA P. ARAO merrily,
EPS- Science And liberty forever Hard working people
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Schools Division Superintendent Here the Samals live in Cebuanos, Ilocanos,
peace, Subanens,Boholanos,
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Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Thrive so free, All of them are proud
With the Yakans in and true
MARIA DIOSA Z. PERALTA unity. Region IX our Eden
CID Chief Land.
Gallant men And
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Linger withlove and Region IX, ourEden
Education Program Supervisor-LRMDS
care, Land.
MILA P. ARAO
Education Program Supervisor Science
