../../ DotDotPwn !

The Directory Traversal Fuzzer

Alejandro Hernández H. (nitrØus), CISSP, GPEN Christian Navarrete (chr1x)

http://twitter.com/nitr0usmx http://twitter.com/chr1x

<[email protected]> <[email protected]>

http://chatsubo-labs.blogspot.com http://chr1x.sectester.net
http://www.brainoverflow.org
../../ AGENDA
DotDotPwn

Description
Introduction

Directory Traversal Vulnerability

(Intelligent) Fuzz Testing
General Information

Origin / Evolution

Design / Architecture

Usage options

Website / Contact

Download

Contributions
Vulnerabilities

Discovered vulnerabilities
Traversal Engine

Description

Resources

Fuzz patterns generation

Intelligent fuzzing
Modules

Description of each one
Greetings
../../ DotDotPwn
Description

README.txt
It’s a very flexible intelligent fuzzer to discover directory traversal vulnerabilities in
software such as Web/FTP/TFTP servers, Web platforms such as CMSs, ERPs, Blogs, etc.
Also, it has a protocol-independent module to send the desired payload to the host and port
specified. On the other hand, it also could be used in a scripting way using the STDOUT
module. It's written in perl programming language and can be run either under *NIX or
Windows platforms. It’s the first Mexican tool included in BackTrack Linux (BT4 R2).
../../ Introduction
Directory Traversal Vulnerability

A directory traversal (or path traversal) consists in exploiting insufficient security

validation / sanitization of user-supplied input file names, so that characters
representing "traverse to parent directory" are passed through to the file APIs.

The goal of this attack is to order an application to access a computer file that is not
intended to be accessible. Directory traversal is also known as the ../ (dot dot slash)
attack, directory climbing, and backtracking. Some forms of this attack are also
canonicalization attacks.

A typical example of vulnerable application in php code is:

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directory_traversal
../../ Introduction
Directory Traversal Vulnerability

An attack against this system could be to send the following HTTP request:

Generating a server response such as:

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directory_traversal
../../ Introduction
Directory Traversal Vulnerability

Some web applications scan query string for dangerous characters (to prevent
Directory Traversal vulnerabilities) such as:
..
..\
../

However, the query string is usually URI decoded before use. Therefore these
applications are vulnerable to percent encoded directory traversal such as:

%2e%2e%2f which translates to ../

%2e%2e/ which translates to ../
..%2f which translates to ../
%2e%2e%5c which translates to ..\
etc.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directory_traversal
../../ Introduction
Directory Traversal Vulnerability

According to a study done by Imperva about Web Applications Attacks, the

Directory Traversal vulnerability is one of the most common attacks nowadays
(July 2011)

Source: Imperva’s Web Application Attack Report. Edition #1 - July 2011

../../ Introduction
Fuzz Testing

Fuzz testing or fuzzing is a software testing technique that provides (in)valid,

unexpected, or random data to the inputs of a program. If the program fails (for
example, by crashing or failing built-in code assertions), the defects can be
noted.

Fuzz testing enhances software security and software safety because it often
finds odd oversights and defects which human testers would fail to find, and
even careful human test designers would fail to create tests for.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzz_testing
../../ Introduction
Intelligent Fuzz Testing

Source:
DeMott, J. (2006). The evolving art of fuzzing.
../../ Introduction
Intelligent Fuzz Testing

Source:
DeMott, J. (2006). The evolving art of fuzzing.
../../ Introduction
Intelligent Fuzz Testing

Source:
DeMott, J. (2006). The evolving art of fuzzing.
../../ General Information
Origin / Evolution

CHANGELOG.txt
DotDotPwn v1.0
Release date: 21/Aug/2010

Checker Script

Core component: Traversal database (external .txt files) with 881 payloads

Based on Shlomi Narkolayev’s Directory Traversal Cheat Sheet

http://narkolayev-shlomi.blogspot.com/2010/04/directory-traversal-fuzz-list.html

DotDotPwn v2.1
Release date: 29/Oct/2010 (BugCon Security Conferences 2010)

From Checker to Fuzzer

Rewritten from the scratch

Modular architechture (DotDotPwn packages)

Core component: Traversal Engine

OS detection (nmap)

A cool banner was included ;)

False positives detection

Many parameters included for fuzzing flexibility

More modules included

DotDotPwn v3.0beta
Release date: 03/Aug/2011 (Black Hat USA 2011 (Arsenal) - Conference CD)

Random User-Agent in HTTP requests

Operating System type specifier (if known)

Reporting capabilities
 ../../ General Information
Design / Architecture

INPUTS FUZZ PATTERNS OUTPUTS

CREATION
Modules
manual OS type

HTTP
Traversal Engine
OS detection
HTTP URL
../../
..\..\
..%2f..%2f
Deepness FTP
..%255c..%255c
..%c0%2f..%c0%2f
..%u2215..%u2215
TFTP
..%uF025..%uF025
..%25c1%259c..%25c1%259c
Filenames %252e%252e%c0%5c%252e%252e%c0%5c
PAYLOAD

STDOUT

Dots & Slashes

Encodings
../../ General Information
Usage options

USAGE.txt
../../ General Information
Usage options

EXAMPLES.txt (one example per module)

../../ General Information
Website / Contact

README.txt

Official Website: http://dotdotpwn.blogspot.com

Official Email: [email protected]
Bugs / Contributions / Improvements: [email protected]
../../ General Information
Download

DotDotPwn v3.0beta:
INCLUDED IN BLACK HAT USA 2011 CONFERENCE CD

DotDotPwn v2.1:

PacketStormSecurity:
http://packetstormsecurity.org/files/view/95399/dotdotpwn-v2.1.tar.gz

BackTrack Linux 4 R2:

# apt-get update
# apt-get install dotdotpwn
# cd /pentest/fuzzers/dotdotpwn/
# ./dotdotpwn.pl

Mirror:
http://www.brainoverflow.org/code/dotdotpwn-v2.1.tar.gz
../../ General Information
Contributions

AUTHORS.txt
Contribution: Idea
Implementation of the Bisection Algorithm (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisection_method) once a vulnerability has been
found in order to determine the exact deepness of the directory traversal. Origin of -X switch.

By: Roberto Salgado aka LightOS

http://twitter.com/LightOS
http://www.websec.ca
-------------------------------------
Contribution: Idea and Code
Not always include the @Extra_files (e.g. web.config, httpd.conf, etc.). Origin of the -e switch.
Specify the Operating System type if known ("windows" or "unix"). Origin of the -o switch.

By: Eduardo Ruiz Duarte aka Beck

http://twitter.com/toorandom
http://math.co.ro
http://b3ck.blogspot.com
-------------------------------------
Contribution: Code
Save a results' report into the Reports folder. Origin of the -r switch.
Treatment of SIGINT in order to print the number of traversals found when Ctrl + C is pressed.
Random User-Agent in HTTP requests for IDS/IPS detection avoidance.

By: Diego Boy

http://twitter.com/Diego_Boy
-------------------------------------
Contribution: Code
Random User-Agent in HTTP requests for IDS/IPS detection avoidance.

By: Cristian Urrutia aka Gashnark

http://twitter.com/blion_tec
../../ General Information
To Do

Implementation of the Bisection Algorithm to determine

the exact deepness of the directory traversal.

The bisection method in mathematics, is a root-finding method which

repeatedly bisects an interval then selects a subinterval in which a root must
lie for further processing.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisection_method

../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../etc/passwd (16)

../../../../../../../../etc/passwd (16/2 = 8)

../../../../../../../../../../../../etc/passwd ((8+16) / 2 = 12)

../../../../../../../../../../etc/passwd ((8+12) / 2 = 10)

../../../../../../../../../../../etc/passwd ((10+12) / 2 = 11)

5 requests instead of 11 !
../../ Vulnerabilities
Discovered vulnerabilities

Tested software

HTTP: 72

Web platforms: 2 (CMS’s)

FTP: 25

TFTP: 11
../../ Vulnerabilities
Discovered vulnerabilities

Examples of findings …
../../ Vulnerabilities
Discovered vulnerabilities

Exploits

MultiThreaded HTTP Server [chr1x] – http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/12304

Wing FTP Server v3.4.3 [chr1x] - http://packetstormsecurity.org/1005-exploits/wingftp-traversal.txt

VicFTPS v5.0 [chr1x] – http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/12498

TFTP Desktop 2.5 [chr1x] - http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/14857

TFTPDWIN v0.4.2 [chr1x] - http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/14856

Femitter FTP Server 1.04 [chr1x] - http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/15445

Home FTP Server <= r1.11.1 (build 149) [chr1x] - http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/15349

Yaws 1.89 HTTP Server [nitrØus] - http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/15371

Mongoose 2.11 HTTP Server (Win32) [nitrØus] - http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/15373

../../ Vulnerabilities
Discovered vulnerabilities

3.4.0 - 1st Traversal found !

3.4.1
3.4.2
3.4.3
3.4.5 – 2nd Traversal found !
=================
56 days of exposure!!

DotDotPwn’s Breaking Patches! ☺

../../ Traversal Engine
Description

Traversal Engine
../../
..\..\
..%2f..%2f
..%255c..%255c
..%c0%2f..%c0%2f
..%u2215..%u2215
..%uF025..%uF025
..%25c1%259c..%25c1%259c
%252e%252e%c0%5c%252e%252e%c0%5c
../../ Traversal Engine
Resources
../../ Traversal Engine
Resources
../../ Traversal Engine
Fuzz patterns generation
../../ Traversal Engine
Intelligent Fuzzing

At the beggining of this presentation …

Then …
../../ Traversal Engine
Intelligent Fuzzing

Fuzz patterns according to the Operating System detected (nmap)

../../../boot.ini on *NIX-like ../../../boot.ini on Windows

../../../etc/passwd on Windows ../../../etc/passwd on *NIX-like

../../ Traversal Engine
Intelligent Fuzzing
../../ Traversal Engine
Intelligent Fuzzing

Encoding of slashes (/) for the correct semantics in the fuzzing

patterns

..%2f..%2fetc/passwd

..%2f..%2fetc%2fpasswd

%2e%2e%c0%af%2e%2e%c0%afwindows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts

%2e%2e%c0%af%2e%2e%c0%afwindows%c0%afsystem32%c0%afdrivers
%c0%afetc%c0%afhosts
../../ Traversal Engine
Intelligent Fuzzing
../../ Modules
HTTP

#DotDowPwn
#snort-2.8.4 - snort-2.9.x, and suricata
alert tcp $EXTERNAL_NET any -> $HOME_NET $HTTP_PORTS
(msg:"ET SCAN DotDotPwn User-Agent"; flow: established,to_server;
content:"User-Agent|3A| DotDotPwn"; nocase; http_header; threshold:
type limit, track by_src,count 1, seconds 60; classtype: attempted-recon;
reference:url,dotdotpwn.sectester.net; sid:yyyyyy; rev:1;)
../../ Modules
HTTP

Additional verification to avoid false positives

../../ Modules
HTTP URL
../../ Modules
FTP
../../ Modules
FTP

Compliance with RFC 959 - File Transfer Protocol

Double testing approach:

CD <directory> & GET <file>

GET <directory><file>
../../ Modules
TFTP
../../ Modules
TFTP

A little hack in the TFTP.pm module’s constructor to improve the

testing speed (-t switch in DotDotPwn)
../../ Modules
PAYLOAD
../../ Modules
STDOUT
../../ Greetings

Cubil Felino Crew (chr1x, r1l0, b0rr3x, l1l1th)

BugCon Crew

Contributors

www.underground.org.mx

#mendozaaaa

CRAc, hkm, alt3kx, tr3w, beck, cldrn, LightOS, xScPx, Daemon, SirDarckCat,
cHiPx0r, Rolman, Crypkey, KBrown, nediam, beavis, kaz, corelanc0d3r, Héctor
López, dex, Cj, ran, Federico L. Bossi Bonin, preth00nker, sunLevy, Zeus, Raaka
(el_gaupo), etc………….

And all our followers on Twitter…

../../ Thanks !
chr1x & nitrØus @ Solar Vision 3

Alejandro Hernández H. (nitrØus), CISSP, GPEN Christian Navarrete (chr1x)

http://twitter.com/nitr0usmx http://twitter.com/chr1x
<[email protected]> <[email protected]>
http://chatsubo-labs.blogspot.com http://chr1x.sectester.net
http://www.brainoverflow.org