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There will be two Passive Voice sentences for the sentences with two nouns.
There are few verbs which take two objects, a Direct object and an Indirect object.
For such sentences, there will be two forms in Passive Voice sentences.
1. Verbs with two objects:
Examples:
• I gave him five rupees. (Active voice)
• Five rupees were given to him by me. (Passive Voice)
• He was given five rupees by me. (Passive Voice)
• She has told me the truth. (Active voice)
• I was told the truth by her. (Passive Voice)
• The truth was told to me by her. (Passive Voice)
• They lent me their car. (Active voice)
• I was lent a car by them. (Passive Voice)
• A car was lent to me by them. (Passive Voice)
• The Government has sent him a message. (Active voice)
• He was sent a message by the government. (Passive Voice)
• A message was sent to him by the government. (Passive Voice)
2. Imperative sentences (Commands and requests)
There is special formula for changing the imperative sentence into passive voice.
• Please open the door. (Active voice)
• Let the door be opened by you. (Passive Voice)
Here the sentence in active-voice has been changed into a sentence in passive-voice.
Please understand the formula which has been followed to change the active-voice to passive-voice.
“Let” is used to convert the active voice sentence into a passive voice sentence.
Examples:
• Do not mistake me. (Active voice)
• Let me not be mistaken. (Passive Voice)
• Cut your nails. (Active voice)
• Let your nails be cut. (Passive Voice)
• Do not ignore my suggestions. (Active voice)
• Let not my suggestions be ignored. (Passive Voice).
These sentences have been changed into passive voice sentences by adding "let".
3. With Modal verbs:
The verbs can, could, may, might, and must are known modal verbs. As per the following methods
these sentences with these verbs are changed intopassive voice.
Examples:
• You can take the book. (Active voice)
• The book can be taken by you. (Passive Voice).
• Everybody must obey the rules. (Active voice)
• The rules must be obeyed by everybody. (Passive Voice).
• They might have studied their lessons. (Active voice)
• Their lessons might have been studied by them. (Passive Voice).
• He may not accept this plan. (Active voice)
• This lesson may not be accepted by him. (Passive Voice).
4. Phrasal verbs:
Few verbs, with certain meanings are always used with prepositions.
In such situations the prepositions should not be omitted in the sentences.
Examples:
• We are looking at the game. (Active voice)
• The game is being looked at by us. (Passive Voice).
• The fire-brigade put out the fire. (Active voice)
• The fire was put out by the fire-brigade. (Passive Voice).
• The Government will set up a factory. (Active voice)
• A factory will be set up by the government. (Passive Voice).
5. With IT:
In few sentences, instead of a word or a phrase, a clause may be the object of a verb.
In such cases there are two ways of changing the sentences into the passive voice.
A. By making the clause itself as the subject in the passive voice.
Examples:
• I hope that he will realize his mistake. (Active voice)
• That his mistake will be realized is hoped by us. (Passive Voice).
• I expected that they would take up the matter. (Active voice)
• That the matter would be taken up by them was expected by me. (Passive Voice).
B. By substituting the clause with pronoun it.
Examples:
• The Romans expected that they would conquer Carthage. (Active voice)
• It was expected by the Romans that Carthage would be conquered by them. (Passive Voice).
• We have learned that you have secured the first rank. (Active voice)
• It has been learned by us that the first rank has been secured by you. (Passive Voice).
Exercises:
• The grandmother was telling her grandchildren an interesting story. (Active voice)
• An interesting story was being told by the grandmother to her grand children. (Passive Voice).
• Her grand children were being told an interesting story by their grandmother. (Passive Voice).
• The postman brought you a parcel. (Active voice)
• A parcel was brought to you by a postman. (Passive Voice).
• You were brought a parcel by the postman. (Passive Voice).
• I have taught the class the first lesson. (Active voice)
• The first lesson was taught by me to the class. (Passive Voice).
• The class was taught the first lesson by me. (Passive Voice).
• The office has sent her a message. (Active voice)
• A message has been sent to her by the office. (Passive Voice).
• She has been sent a message by her office. (Passive Voice).
• The waiter brought us the menu card. (Active voice)
• The menu card was brought to us by the waiter. (Passive Voice).
• We were brought the menu card by the waiter. (Passive Voice).
• They are offering you another chance. (Active voice)
• You are being offered another chance by them. (Passive Voice).
• Another chance is being offered to you by them. (Passive Voice).
• He had told me a lie. (Active voice)
• I had been told a lie by him. (Passive Voice).
• A lie had been told to me by him. (Passive Voice).
• I gave her your message. (Active voice)
• She was given your message by me. (Passive Voice).
• Your message was given to her by me. (Passive Voice).
• Who taught you Sanskrit? (Active voice)
• Sanskrit was taught to you by whom? (Passive Voice).
• You were taught Sanskrit by whom? (Passive Voice).
• Sign these documents. (Active voice)
• Let these documents be signed. (Passive Voice).
Direct indirect.
We often have to give information about what people say or think. In order to do this you can use direct or
quoted speech, or indirect or reported speech.
Direct Speech / Quoted Speech
Saying exactly what someone has said is called direct speech (sometimes called quoted speech)
Here what a person says appears within quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word.
For example:
She said, "Today's lesson is on presentations."
or
"Today's lesson is on presentations," she said.
Indirect Speech / Reported Speech
Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech), doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person
said and it doesn't have to be word for word.
When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are
usually talking about a time in the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past).
The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.
For example:
Direct speech Indirect speech
"I'm going to the cinema", he said. He said he was going to the cinema.
Tense change
As a rule when you report something someone has said you go back a tense: (the tense on the left changes to
the tense on the right):
Direct speech Indirect speech
Present simple
She said, "It's cold."
› Past simple
She said it was cold.
Present continuous
She said, "I'm teaching English online."
› Past continuous
She said she was teaching English online.
Present perfect simple
She said, "I've been on the web since 1999."
› Past perfect simple
She said she had been on the web since 1999.
Present perfect continuous
She said, "I've been teaching English for seven › Past perfect continuous
She said she had been teaching English for seven years.
years."
Past simple
She said, "I taught online yesterday."
› Past perfect
She said she had taught online yesterday.
Past continuous
She said, "I was teaching earlier."
› Past perfect continuous
She said she had been teaching earlier.
Past perfect Past perfect
She said, "The lesson had already started when › NO CHANGE - She said the lesson had already started
he arrived." when he arrived.
Past perfect continuous › Past perfect continuous
She said, "I'd already been teaching for five NO CHANGE - She said she'd already been teaching for
minutes." five minutes.
Modal verb forms also sometimes change:
Direct speech Indirect speech
will
She said, "I'll teach English online tomorrow."
› would
She said she would teach English online tomorrow.
can
She said, "I can teach English online."
› could
She said she could teach English online.
must had to
She said, "I must have a computer to teach English › She said she had to have a computer to teach English
online." online.
shall
She said, "What shall we learn today?"
› should
She asked what we should learn today.
may
She said, "May I open a new browser?"
› might
She asked if she might open a new browser.
!Note - There is no change to; could, would, should, might and ought to.
Direct speech Indirect speech
"I might go to the cinema", he said. He said he might go to the cinema.
You can use the present tense in reported speech if you want to say that something is still true i.e. my name
has always been and will always be Lynne so:-
Direct speech Indirect speech
She said her name was Lynne.
"My name is Lynne", she said. or
She said her name is Lynne.
You can also use the present tense if you are talking about a future event.
Direct speech (exact quote) Indirect speech (not exact)
"Next week's lesson is on reported speech
She said next week's lesson is on reported speech.
", she said.
Time change
If the reported sentence contains an expression of time, you must change it to fit in with the time of reporting.
For example we need to change words like here and yesterday if they have different meanings at the time and
place of reporting.
Today + 24 hours - Indirect speech
"Today's lesson is on presentations." She said yesterday's lesson was on presentations.
Expressions of time if reported on a different day
this (evening) › that (evening)
today › yesterday ...
these (days) › those (days)
now › then
(a week) ago › (a week) before
last weekend › the weekend before last / the previous weekend
here › there
next (week) › the following (week)
tomorrow › the next/following day
In addition if you report something that someone said in a different place to where you heard it you must
change the place (here) to the place (there).
For example:-
At work At home
"How long have you worked here?" She asked me how long I'd worked there.
Pronoun change
In reported speech, the pronoun often changes.
For example:
Me You
"I teach English online." She said she teaches English online.
Reporting Verbs
Said, told and asked are the most common verbs used in indirect speech.
We use asked to report questions:-
For example: I asked Lynne what time the lesson started.
We use told with an object.
For example: Lynne told me she felt tired.
!Note - Here me is the object.
We usually use said without an object.
For example: Lynne said she was going to teach online.
If said is used with an object we must include to ;
For example: Lynne said to me that she'd never been to China.
!Note - We usually use told.
For example: Lynne told me that she'd never been to China.
There are many other verbs we can use apart from said, told and asked.
These include:-
accused, admitted, advised, alleged, agreed, apologised, begged, boasted, complained, denied,
explained, implied, invited, offered, ordered, promised, replied, suggested and thought.
Using them properly can make what you say much more interesting and informative.
For example:
He asked me to come to the party:-
He invited me to the party.
He begged me to come to the party.
He ordered me to come to the party.
He advised me to come to the party.
He suggested I should come to the party.
Use of 'That' in reported speech
In reported speech, the word that is often used.
For example: He told me that he lived in Greenwich.
However, that is optional.
For example: He told me he lived in Greenwich.
!Note - That is never used in questions, instead we often use if.
For example: He asked me if I would come to the party.
