TEST 28

SECTION A. LISTENING (50 points)

Part 1: You will hear a man called Chris Graham talking to a group of students about a vacation job he
had in Australia. For questions 1-15, complete the sentences WITH NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS /
PHRASES. (30pts)
My Vacation Job in Australia

Chris thinks the best place to find a job like he had is the (1).........................................Chris worked for a
company which tries to help (2).........................................understand what life used to be like before Europeans
arrived – a time before clothes, (3).........................................Chris is studying (4) at university. For most of the
time he was working for the travel company, Chris lived in a (5).........................................outside of the town.
Chris was often asked to go to a (6).........................................at the weekend. In the mornings, Chris had to drive
tourists to see the (7).........................................in the desert. Many of the tourists were (8) ........................................
of the need to keep their (9).........................................covered up when they were in the sun. The tourists
particularly wanted to know how to tell the difference between the (10).............................. of the wild animals.
In the afternoons, the tourists were able to see some (11).........................................that had more than one use.
Chris says that the local government would like to have a larger (12)...................................... to attract tourists.
Chris thinks it’s (13)...................................... as it is, but it would be good for the (14).................................. Chris
advises other students to send off their job application forms in the month of (15)........................................ at the
latest.

PART 2: You are going to hear a new student, Stefan, talking to an assistant, Anna, at the Student
Union about his membership. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
answer to each of the following questions from 16 to 25. (20pts)
16. Stefan’s degree programme is .
A. a course for international students B. a short course
C. postgraduate D. undergraduate
17. He is studying .
A. Natural Science B. Marine Construction
C. Road Construction D. Advanced Engineering
18. One of his leisure activities is .
A.playing football B. playing computer games
C. watching films D. joining a club
19. Stefan’s native language is .
A.Italian B. Spanish C. German D. French
20. At present, he is living in .
A.a flat B. a house C. a bed-sit D. hall
21. The students who want to contact Stephan can call him through _.
A.his own phone number B. the Union’s phone number
C. his Department’s phone number D. his Hall’s phone number
22. According to Anna, students can use the photocopier .
A.in the afternoon B. after 1 pm C. before 1 pm D. in the evening
23. Events are usually organised .
A.in the hall B. in the Round Theatre
C. in the Conference Centre D. in the Union building
24. The Union officer who is responsible for van hire is .
A.the Transport Security B. the Transport Student
C. the Transport Chairman D. the Transport Secretary
25. Union members will be able to get a discount on
A. clothes B. newspapers C. books D. music

SECTION B. LEXICO – GRAMMAR (20 points)

Part 1: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. Write A, B, C or D in
your answer: (12pts)
1. He came into the room and sat down without a word to anyone.
A. as far as B. too much of C. very much of D. so much as
2. The restaurant has recently, and the food is much better now.
A. had its hands full B. lived hand to mouth C. changed hands D. gained the upper hand
3. Steve his chances of passing by spending too much time on the first question.
A. threw out B. threw off C. threw away D. threw in
4. Mr. Nixon refused to answer the questions on the that the matter was confidential.
A. grounds B. reasons C. excuses D. foundations
5. It’s amazing how Jenny acts as though she and Darren serious problems at the moment.
A. are not having B. hadn’t had C. haven’t had D. weren’t having
6. As was predicted, the company has announced hundreds of job losses.
A. considerably B. widely C. substantially D. amply
7. She felt that travelling had greatly her life.
A. moved B. enriched C. expanded D. increased
8. I wish you'd be honest with me. Don't lead me down the .
A. hiking path B. hiking trail C. garden path D. garden trail
9. I don’t know French, but I’ll .
A. get Tom to translate it B. have it translate
C. have Tom to translate it D. make it translate
10. Huy was asking Mai, his classmate, for her opinion about the book he had lent her. Huy: "What do you
think about the book?" - Mai:" "
A. Yes, let’s read it together. B. The best I’ve ever read!
C. I can’t agree with you more. D. I wish I could buy one.
11. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined part in each of the following question.

Sarah’s predominant features, what you first noticed about her, were her stunning black hair and big, dark
eyes.
A. inadequate B. unnoticeable C. universal D. evident
12. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is
OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following question.

There has been no discernible improvement in the noise levels since lorries were banned.
A. clear B. obvious C. thin D.insignificant

Part 2: Read the passage below which contains 8 mistakes. Identify the mistakes and write the
corrections in the corresponding numbered boxes. (8pts)
Line
1 A recent discovery has led scientists to revise their ideas about the ancestors
2 of early humans. It seems they started to make use of stone tools nearly one
3 million years earlier as had previously been thought. Archaeologists revised
4 the date after spotting distinctive marks made by stone tools on animal
5 bones dated back nearly three and a half million years. The remains,
including a rib from a cow-like creature and a thigh bone from an animal
6
similar in size of a goat, were recovered from an old river bed that was
7
excavating in Ethiopia.
8
The use of simple stone tools to remove meat from bones represents a
9
crucial moment in human history. As a result of turning to meat for
10
sustenance, the early humans developed larger brains, which in turn enabled
11
them to make more sophisticated tools The bones unearthed in Ethiopia
12
may well represent the very beginning of that procedure.
13
What scientists are still hoping to discover is whether the stone tools were
 14 manufactured specifically to meet a need or whether they are natural forces
15 that by the chance has the right shapes and the necessary shapes edges. Any
16 way, it seems that the early humans carried the tools around with them
17 rather than replying on being able to find suitable one when the need
18 rose.
19

SECTION C. READING (70 points)

Part 1: For questions 1–15, read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best
fits each gap. Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes. (15pts)

Save money on the book that aims to save animals

Do you want to take part in the battle to save the world’s wildlife? Animal Watch is a book which will
(1) you in the fight for survival that (2) many of our endangered animals and
show how they struggle on the (3) of extinction.
As you enjoy the book’s 250 pages and over 150 colour photographs, you will have the (4) of
knowing that part of your purchase money is being used to (5) animals (6) . From
the comfort of your armchair, you will be able to observe the world’s animals close-up and explore their
habitats. You will also discover the terrible results of human (7) for land, flesh and skins.
Animal Watch is packed with fascinating facts. Did you know that polar bears cover their black noses (8)
their (9) so they can hunt their prey in the snow without being seen, for example?
Or that (10) each orang-utan which is captured, one has to die?
This superb (11) has so (12) Britain’s leading wildlife charity that it has been
chosen as Book of the Year, a (13) awarded to books which are considered to have made a
major contribution to wildlife conservation. You will find Animal Watch at a special low (14)____price at
all good bookshops, but hurry while (15) last.

1 A. combine B. involve C. bring D. lead

2 A. meets B. opposes C. forces D. faces
3 A. edge B. start C. limit D. end
4 A. satisfaction B. enjoyment C. virtue D. value
5 A. enable B. help C. allow D. assist
6 A. preserve B. conserve C. revive D. survive
7 A. greed B. interest C. care D. concern
8 A. with B. by C. for D. from
9 A. feet B. claws C. paws D. toes
10 A. with B. by C. for D. from
11 A. publicity B. periodical C. publication D. reference
12 A. imposed B. impressed C. persuaded D. admired
13 A. symbol B. title C. trademark D. nickname
14 A. beginning B. preparatory C. original D. introductory
15 A. stores B. stocks C. goods D. funds

Part 2. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE word in each
space. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (15pts)

PETER BENCHLEY LIKE SHARKS

Peter Benchley, the author who wrote the novel Jaws, thinks it may be partly his fault that people don’t like
sharks. The movie,(16).........................................on his book, involved a terrifying monster fish
(17).........................................main purpose was to attack anyone (18).........................................everyone in the
ocean.
In (19)........................................., sharks killed approximately 12 people a year. In (20) .........................................
people killed millions of sharks every year and (21) ......................................... to 90 percent of great white sharks
have been (22).................................. out. Peter Benchley admits, “ I created somethings that doesn’t exist”.
He hopes to set(23).........................................record straight with a new documentary film she has made. The
film focuses(24).........................................some of more attractive aspects of great white sharks. For
(25)......................................... , one extremely brave diver demonstrates that when you touch a shark on the nose,
(26).........................................goes very still.
Benchley grew up in Massacusetts in the USA and (27).........................................a large part of his childhood
swimming in the ocean. He got the idea for Jaws (28).........................................a newspaper article about a man
who caught a shark which (29).........................................about 2,000 kilos. When the move was made
Benchley had the opportunity to appear (30).........................................an actor, playing the reporter on the beach
just before the shark attacks for the first time.

Part 3: You are going to read a passage and choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best
according to the text. (20pts)
TORNADO FORMATION

1. Tornadoes are one of the most violent of all weather systems. A tornado can produce tremendous
destructive power in a restricted area as it passes by, sweeping the ground clear of all movable
objects. Fortunately, tornadoes are short–lived and often strike sparsely populated regions.
Occasionally, however, a major tornado outbreak causes incredible devastation. A tornado’s powerful blasts
of wind put all human life in jeopardy, sending debris flying and lifting buildings from their foundations.
2. The formation of tornadoes has been the subject of increasingly fruitful research. Nevertheless, some
mystery still surrounds tornadoes, and their formation cannot be predicted with absolute accuracy,
even when conditions for their occurrence seem just right. Most tornadoes are created by, and travel
with, intense thunderstorm cells. Because tornadoes require moist air, they favor the warmest part of the
day, when solar heating and thunderstorm development are at their maximum.
3. Probably the most striking characteristic of a tornado is its spinning funnel cloud, a lowering of cloud
base into a column that narrows as it reaches down to the ground from a parent cloud that is part of an active
thunderstorm. The funnel cloud forms in response to the steep air pressure directed from the storm’s outer
edge toward its center. Humid air expands and cools as it is drawn inward toward the center of the system. The
cooling of air below its dewpoint causes water vapor to condense into cloud droplets.
4. The actual tornadic circulation covers a much wider area than the funnel cloud suggests. The funnel
may range in diameter from a few meters to 3.2 kilometers (2 miles). However, the diameter of a funnel
cloud is typically only about one–tenth that of the associated tornadic circulation. Several funnels may
develop in a mature tornado system, with small vortexes continually forming and then
disappearing while whirling around the central core of the main tornado. The funnels may be made
visible by the presence of dust and debris. A funnel can assume a variety of forms, from a thin, writhing,
ropelike pendant of grayish white to a thick mass of menacing black.
5. The central United States is one of only a few places in the world where the spring weather
conditions and flat terrain are ideal for tornado development. Although tornadoes have been reported in
all 50 states and throughout southern Canada, most occur in “tornado alley,” a level corridor that stretches
from eastern Texas northward through the open plains of Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska.
6. Almost three–quarters of the tornadoes in North America occur from March to July. The months of
peak tornado activity are April (13%), May (12%), and June (21%). During that time of year,
weather conditions are optimal for causing the severe thunderstorms that produce tornadoes. One
contributing factor is the relative instability of the lower atmosphere. During the transition from winter to
summer, days lengthen, thereby warming the ground. Heat is transferred from the ground into the
troposphere, but it takes time for the entire troposphere to adjust to receiving heat from below. The upper
troposphere, in fact, usually retains its winter cold into the spring months. The result is an imbalance of cold
air and warm ground that favors the development of rotating thunderstorms known as supercells.
7. In the Northern Hemisphere, tornadoes almost always spin counterclockwise. Around 87 percent of
all tornadoes and their parent cells travel from southwest to northeast, but any direction is possible.
Tornado trajectories are often irregular, with many tornadoes exhibiting a hopscotch pattern of destruction
as they alternately touch down and lift off the ground. Some have been known to move in circles and even
to describe figure eights. Tornadoes may track along paths from several meters to more than 320 kilometers
(200 miles) long. Average forward speed is around 48 kilometers (30 miles) per hour, although there are
reports of tornadoes racing along at speeds approaching 120 kilometers (75 miles) per hour. During part of
its course, the great Tri–State Tornado on March 18, 1925, moved at the astonishing rate of 117 kilometers
(73 miles) per hour, killing 695 people in Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana, and making it one of the most
deadly tornadoes on record.
31. According to the passage, tornadoes are one of the most violent weather systems because they
A. frequently occur with very little warning B. cause tremendous damage in a short time
C. move very quickly and change direction D. kill more people than any other weather system
32. The word jeopardy in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to.........
A. motion B. shock C. confusion D. danger
33. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in
paragraph 2? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential
information.
A.Some tornadoes are mysterious because they develop when the wrong conditions are present.
B.Tornadoes are difficult to predict accurately because they can occur for different reasons at different
times.
C.Despite the presence of the right conditions, we cannot predict with certainty the formation of every
tornado.
D.We will never be able to predict tornadoes until we understand the mystery of what causes them.
34. Tornado formation is usually associated with....................
A. heavy rainfall B. thunderstorms C. cold air currents D. solar flares
35. Paragraph 4 supports which of the following statements about tornadoes?
A. Tornado formation signals the end of a thunderstorm.
B. Tornadoes have the smallest diameter of any storm system.
C. When several funnels form, each is smaller than the previous one.
D. Tornadoes can differ greatly in size, shape, and color.
36. According to the passage, all of the following contribute to tornado formation EXCEPT
A. movement of the ground B. a moist stream of air
C. warm temperatures D. a flat landscape
37. In discussing peak tornado activity in paragraph 6, the author means that in April, May, and June
tornadoes
A. move the fastest B. are very irregular
C. occur most frequently D. can not be predicted
38. According to paragraph 7, most tornadoes move
A. in a clockwise direction B. toward the northeast
C. faster than 75 miles per hour D. forward and backward
39. Why does the author mention hopscotch, circles, and figure eights in paragraph 7?
A. To show that tornadoes can move in different ways
B. To emphasize the destructive power of tornadoes
C. To describe the stages of an average tornado
D. To give examples of informal names for tornadoes
40. Look at the four squares, A , B , C and D , which indicate where the following sentence could be
added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?

For this reason, more than half of all tornadoes develop between 10:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m.

The formation of tornadoes has been the subject of increasingly fruitful research. A
Nevertheless, some mystery still surrounds tornadoes, and their formation cannot be predicted with absolute
accuracy, even when conditions for their occurrence seem just right. B
Most tornadoes are created by, and travel with, intense thunderstorm cells. C
Because tornadoes require moist air, they favor the warmest part of the day, when solar heating and
thunderstorm development are at their maximum. D
A B C D

Part 4: Read the text and do the following tasks. (20pts)

For questions 41-50, choose the correct heading for paragraphs B- G from the list of headings below.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
The Effects of Deforestation

A. Every year it is estimated that roughly 5.2 million hectares (52,000 km²) of forest is lost worldwide.
That is a net figure, meaning it represents the area of forest not replaced. To put this size in context, that is
an area of land the size of Croatia lost every single year. There are a wide range of negative effects from
deforestation that range from the smallest biological processes right up to the health of our planet as a
whole. On a human level, millions of lives are affected every year by flooding and landslides that often
result from deforestation.

B . There are 5 million people living in areas deemed at risk of flooding in England and Wales. Global
warming, in part worsened by deforestation, is responsible for higher rainfalls in Britain in recent decades.
Although it can be argued that demand for cheap housing has meant more houses are being built in at-risk
areas, the extent of the flooding is increasing. The presence of forests and trees along streams and rivers acts
like a net. The trees catch and store water, but also hold soil together, preventing erosion. By removing the
trees, land is more easily eroded increasing the risk of landslides and also, after precipitation, less water is
intercepted when trees are absent and so more enters rivers, increasing the risk of flooding.

C. It is well documented that forests are essential to the atmospheric balance of our planet, and therefore
our own well-being too. Scientists agree unequivocally that global warming is a real and serious threat to
our planet. Deforestation releases 15% of all greenhouse gas emissions. One third of the carbon dioxide
emissions created by human activity come from deforestation around the globe.

D. In his book Collapse, about the disappearance of various ancient civilisations, writer Jared Diamond
theorises about the decline of the natives of Easter Island. European missionaries first arrived on the island
in 1722. Research suggested that the island, whose population was in the region of two to three thousand at
the time, had once been much higher at fifteen thousand people. This small native population survived on
the island despite there being no trees at all. Archaeological digs uncovered evidence of trees once
flourishing on the island. The uncontrolled deforestation not only led to the eradication of all such natural
resources from the island, but also greatly impacted the number of people the island could sustain. This
underlines the importance of forest management, not only for useful building materials, but also food as
well.

E. Forestry management is important to make sure that stocks are not depleted and that whatever is cut
down is replaced. Without sustainable development of forests the levels of deforestation are only going to
worsen as the global population continues to rise, creating higher demand for the products of forests. Just as
important though is consumer awareness. Simple changes in consumer activity can make a huge difference.
These changes in behaviour include, but are not limited to, recycling all recyclable material; buying
recycled products and looking for the FSC sustainably sourced forest products logo on any wood or paper
products.

F. Japan is often used as a model of exemplary forest management. During the Edo period between 1603
and 1868 drastic action was taken to reverse the country’s serious exploitative deforestation problem. Whilst
the solution was quite complex, one key aspect of its success was the encouragement of cooperation
between villagers. This process of collaboration and re-education of the population saved Japan’s forests.
According to the World Bank 68.5% of Japanese land area is covered by forest, making it one of the best
performing economically developed nations in this regard.

G. There is of course a negative impact of Japan’s forest management. There is still a high demand for
wood products in the country, and the majority of these resources are simply imported from other, poorer
nations. Indonesia is a prime example of a country that has lost large swaths of its forest cover due to
foreign demand from countries like Japan. This is in addition to other issues such as poor domestic forest
management, weaker laws and local corruption. Located around the Equator, Indonesia has an ideal climate
for rainforest. Sadly much of this natural resource is lost every year. Forest cover is now down to less than
51 % from 65.4% in 1990. This alone is proof that more needs to be done globally to manage forests.
H. China is leading the way in recent years for replenishing their forests. The Chinese government began
the Three-North Shelter Forest Program in 1978, with aims to complete the planting of a green wall,
measuring 2,800 miles in length by its completion in 2050. Of course this program is in many ways forced
by nature itself; the expansion of the Gobi Desert threatened to destroy thousands of square miles of
grassland annually through desertification. This is a process often exacerbated by deforestation in the first
place, and so represents an attempt to buck the trend. Forested land in China rose from 17% to 22% from
1990 to 2015 making China one of the few developing nations to reverse the negative trend.

Questions 41-46
The reading passage above has eight paragraphs, A-H. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph
from the list of headings below.

I Atmospheric impacts VII Wasted water

II Ideal forestry management example VIII Replanting forests
III No trees, less people IX Happy trees
IV Good uses for wood X Flood risks
V Looking after the forests IX Poorer nations at higher risk
VI Numbers of lost trees

Numbers of lost trees Example: Paragraph A – VI Questions 47- 50

Complete the summary below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
The effects of deforestation are widespread and various. Some examples include flooding at a local scale to
the wider effects of global warming on a worldwide scale. In Britain, for example 47 people
live in areas at risk of flooding. This risk is increased by deforestation. Trees catch and 48 _
water lowering the chance of flooding. By removing trees land erosion is also higher, increasing the chance
of landslides . Deforestation also affects global warming by contributing 15% of the 49
of greenhouse gasses. To make sure that the cutting down of trees is done in a sustainable
way, good forestry management is important. In most countries more trees are cut down every year than
planted. One country that is reversing this trend is China, making it one of the few nations to 50 the
more common negative trend.

Your answers:
41. 43. 45. 47. 49.
Paragraph B:... Paragraph D:.... Paragraph F:..... .......................... ..........................
42. 44. 46. 48. 50.
Paragraph C:... Paragraph E:.... Paragraph G:.... ........................... ..........................

PART IV. WRITING (60 pts)

Part 1: For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar in meaning as possible to the
original sentence, using the word given in capital letters. This word must not be altered in any way.
( 10 points)
1. The young actress was very nervous before the audition. (BUTTERFLIES)
.......................................................................................................................................................
2. I daren't turn on the television because the baby might wake up. (FEAR)
……………………………………………….........................................……………………………..
3. It began to rain almost immediately after our arrival at the resort. ( SCARCELY)
……………………………………………….........................................……………………………..
4. I’d be grateful if you could have a look at these figures. (CAST)
……………………………………………….........................................……………………………..
5. The singer was willing to sacrifice her happiness to become famous. (ALTAR)
……………………………………………….........................................……………………………..
Part 2:( 20pts)
You have been doing some voluntary work to help people in the COVID-19 isolation areas.
However, now you are unable to continue doing this work.
Write a letter (80-100 words) to a manager of the organization where you have been working. In your
letter:

 Describe the work you have been doing

 Explain why you can no longer do this work
 Recommend another person who is interested in the work.

Use your name and address as Hoa Nguyen – 123, Le Loi Street, Vinh City.

Part 3: Write a story at least 150 words ENDING with this sentence

I had a meaningful lesson from what had happened to me