CPP - 1 - GEOMETRICAL OPTICS

PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

A 1. Find the angle of deviation (both clockwise and anticlockwise) suffered by

a ray incident on a plane mirror, at an angle of incidence 30º.

A 2. Figure shows a plane mirror onto which a light ray is incident. If

the incident light ray is turned by 10º and the mirror by 20º, as
shown, find the angle turned by the reflected ray.

A 3. A light ray is incident on a plane mirror, which after getting reflected

strikes another plane mirror, as shown in figure. The angle between
the two mirrors is 60º. Find the angle ‘’ shown in figure.

A 4. Sun rays are incident at an angle of 24° to the horizon. How can they be directed parallel to the horizon
using a plane mirror?

A 5. Two plane mirrors are placed as shown in the figure

(a) How many images will be formed.
(b) Find the position(s) of image(s).
(c) Will the incident ray passing through (1, 1.25) take part in image formation.

A 6. An object is placed at (0, 0) and a plane mirror is placed,

inclined 30º with the x axis.
(a) Find the position of image.
(b) If the object starts moving with velocity 1 î m/s and
the mirror is fixed find the velocity of image.

B 1. A rod of length 10 cm lies along the principal axis of a concave mirror of focal length 10 cm in such a
way that the end farther from the pole is 20 cm away from it. Find the length of the image.

B 2. A point source is at a distance 35 cm on the optical axis from a spherical concave mirror having a
focal length 25 cm. At what distance along the optical axis from the concave mirror should a plane
mirror be placed for the image it forms (due to rays falling on it after reflection from the concave mirror)
to coincide with the point source?

B 3. Find the diameter of the image of the moon formed by a spherical concave mirror of focal length 11.4 m.
The diameter of the moon in 3450 km and the distance between the earth and the moon is 3.8 × 105 km.

ONANCE 1
 B 4. The radius of curvature of a convex spherical mirror is 1.2 m. How far away from the mirror is an object
of height 12 cm if the distance between its virtual image & the mirror is 0.35 m? What is the height of
the image?
B 5. A converging beam of solar rays is incident on a concave spherical mirror whose radius of curvature is
0.8 m. Determine the position of the point on the optical axis of the mirror where the reflected rays
intersect, if the extensions of the incident rays intersect the optical axis 40 cm from the mirror’s pole.
B 6. A point object is placed on the principal axis at 60 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 40 cm on the
principal axis. If the object is moved with a velocity of 10 cm/s (a) along the principal axis, find the velocity of
image (b) perpendicular to the principal axis, find the velocity of image at that moment.

B 7. A man uses a concave mirror for shaving. He keeps his face at a distance of 20 cm from the mirror and
gets an image which is 1.5 times enlarged. Find the focal length of the mirror.

C 1. A light ray falling at an angle of 60° with the surface of a clean slab of ice of thickness 1.00 m is
refracted into it at an angle of 15°. Calculate the time taken by the light rays to cross the slab. Speed
of light in vacuum = 3 × 108 m/s.

C 2. A light ray is incident at 45° on a glass slab. The slab is 3 cm thick, and the refractive index of the glass
is 1.5. What will the lateral displacement of the ray be as a result of its passage through the slab? At
what angle will the ray emerge from the slab?

C 3. An observer in air (n = 1) sees the bottom of a beaker filled with water

(n = 4/3) upto a height of 40 [Link] will be the depth felt by this
observer.

C 4. Rays incident on an interface would converge 10 cm below the interface if

they continued to move in straight lines without bending. But due to
refraction, the rays will bend and meet some where else. Find the distance
of meeting point of refracted rays below the interface, assuming the rays to
be making small angles with the normal to the interface.

C 5. Find the apparent distance between the observer and the object shown in
the figure and shift in the position of object.

C 6. Find the apparent depth of the object seen by observer A ?

C 7. Locate the image of the point P as seen

by the eye in the figure.

ONANCE 2
 C 8. A small object is placed at the centre of the bottom of a cylindrical vessel of radius 3 cm and height 4
cm filled completely with water. Consider the ray leaving the vessel through a corner. Suppose this ray
and the ray along the axis of the vessel are used to trace the image. Find the apparent depth of the
image. Refractive index of water = 4/3.
C 9. A concave mirror of radius R is kept on a horizontal table (figure). Water
(refractive index = µ) is poured into it upto a height h. Where should an
object be placed (its distance from the water surface) so that its final
image is formed on itself. Consider two cases
(i) h  0
(ii) in terms of h

C 10. A point source is placed at a depth h below the surface of water (refractive index = µ).The medium
above the surface of water is air (µ =1).Find the area on the surface of water through which light comes
in air from water.
3
C 11. Light goes from glass (µ = ) to air. Find the angle of incidence for which the angle of deviation is 90º.
2

C 12. At what values of the refractive index of a rectangular prism can a

ray travel as shown in figure. The section of the prism is an isosceles
triangle & the ray is normally incident onto the face AC.

C 13. A triangular glass wedge is lowered into water ( = 4/3). The refractive
index of glass is µg = 1.5. At what angle  will the beam of light normally
incident on AB reach AC entirely?

D 1. A prism (n = 2) of apex angle 90° is placed in air (n = 1). What should be the angle of incidence so that light
ray strikes the second surface at an angle of 60º.

D 2. Ref. index of a prism (A = 60°) placed in air (n = 1) is n = 1.5. Light ray is incident on this prism at an angle
of 60º. Find the angle of deviation. State whether this is a minimum deviation.
1
Given : sin–1 = 35º , sin–1 0.4 = 25º , sin–1 0.6 = 37º.
3

D 3. The cross section of a glass prism has the form of an equilateral triangle. A ray is incident onto one of
the faces perpendicular to it. Find the angle  between the incident ray and the ray that leaves the
prism. The refractive index of glass is µ = 1.5.
D 4. The angle of refraction of a prism is 60°. A light ray emerges from the prism at the same angle as it is
incident on it. The refractive index of the prism is 1.5. Determine the angle by which the ray is deflected
from its initial direction as a result of its passage through the prism.

D 5. Find the angle of deviation suffered by the light ray shown in figure for following
two condition The refractive index for the prism material is µ = 3/2.
(i) When the prism is placed in air ( = 1)
(ii) When the prism is placed in water ( = 4/3)

ONANCE 3
 E 1. A spherical surface of radius 30 cm separates two transparent media A and B with refractive indices 4/
3 and 3/2 respectively. The medium A is on the convex side of the surface. Where should a point object
be placed in medium A so that the paraxial rays become parallel after refraction at the surface?

E 2. A narrow parallel beam of light is incident paraxially on a solid transparent sphere of radius r. What
should be the refractive index if the beam is to be focused (a) At the surface of the sphere, (b) at the
centre of the sphere.

E 3. An extended object of size 2 cm is placed at a distance of 10 cm in air (n = 1) from pole, on the principal axis
of a spherical curved [Link] medium on the other side of refracting surface has refractive index n = 2.
Find the position, nature and size of image formed after single refraction through the curved surface.
n=1 n=2
2cm

10cm

ROC =20cm

E 4. A point object lies inside a transparent solid sphere of radius 20 cm and of refractive index n = 2. When the
object is viewed from air through the nearest surface it is seen at a distance 5 cm from the surface. Find the
distance of object when it is seen through the farthest curved surface.
E 5. An object is placed 10 cm away from a glass piece (n = 1.5) of length 20 cm bound by spherical surfaces of
radii of curvature 10 [Link] the position of final image formed after twice refractions.
20cm
air air

B
object A n=1.5
ROC=10cm
10cm ROC =10cm

E 6. There is a small air bubble inside a glass sphere (µ = 1.5) of radius 5 cm. The bubble is at 'O' at 7.5 cm
4
below the surface of the [Link] sphere is placed inside water (µ = ) such that the top surface of
3
glass is 10 cm below the surface of water. The bubble is viewed normally from air. Find the apparent
depth of the bubble.

observer

10cm

glass
C
water O

E 7. A small object Q of length 1 mm lies along the principal axis of a spherical glass of radius R = 10 cm
and refractive index is 3/2. The object is seen from air along the principal axis from left. The distance of
object from the centre P is 5 cm. Find the size of the image. Is it real, inverted?

ONANCE 4
 F 1. A double convex lens has focal length 50 cm. The radius of curvature of one of the surfaces is double
of the other. Find the radii, if the refractive index of the material of the lens is 2.

F 2. Lenses are constructed by a material of refractive index 1.50. The magnitude of the radii of curvature
are 20 cm and 30 cm. Find the focal lengths of the possible lenses with the above specifications.

F 3. Find the focal length of lens shown in the figure. Solve for three cases n s = 1.5, ns = 2.0, ns = 2.5.
n=2
ns ns

R.O.C.=40cm
R.O.C. =60cm

F 4. What will the paths of the rays be after refraction in the lenses.
[F 1 – First focus, F2 – Second focus]

(a) (b)

F 5. Given an optical axis MN & the positions of a real object A B and its
image A' B', determine diagramatically the position of the lens (its optical
centre O) and its foci. Is it a converging or diverging lens? Is the image
real or virtual?

F 6. A thin lens made of a material of refractive index µ2 has a medium of refractive index µ1 on one side and
a medium of refractive index µ3 on the other side. The lens is biconvex and the two radii of curvature has
equal magnitude R. A beam of light travelling parallel to the principal axis is incident on the lens. Where
will the image be formed if the beam is incident from (a) the medium µ1 and (b) from the medium µ3?

F 7. An object of height 6 cm is set at right angles to the optical axis of a double convex lens of optical
power 5 D & 25 cm away from the lens. Determine the focal length of the lens, the position of the
image, the linear magnification of the lens, and the height of the image formed by it.

F 8. A lens placed between a candle and a screen forms a real triply magnified image of the candle on the
screen. When the lens is moved away from the candle by 0.8 m without changing the position of the
candle, a real image one-third the size of the candle is formed on the screen. Determine the focal
length of the lens.

F 9. A lens with a focal length of 16 cm produces a sharp image of a real object in two positions of lens
which are 60 cm apart. Find the distance (fixed) from the object to the screen.

F10. A pin of length 2.0 cm lies along the principal axis of a converging lens, the centre being at a distance
of 11 cm from the lens. The focal length of the lens is 6 cm. Find the size of the image.

F11. The diameter of the sun is 1.4 × 109 m and its distance from the earth is 1.5 × 10 11 m. Find the diameter
of the image of the sun formed by a lens of focal length 40 cm.

F12. A 5.0 diopter lens forms a virtual image which is 4 times the object placed perpendicularly on the
principal axis of the lens. Find the distance of the object from the lens.

ONANCE 5
 F 13. A diverging lens of focal length 20 cm is placed coaxially 5 cm towards left of a converging mirror of
focal length 10 cm .Where should an object be placed towards left of the lens so that a real image is
formed at the object itself?

F14. A converging lens and a diverging mirror are placed at a separation of 15 cm. The focal length of the
lens is 25 cm and that of the mirror is 40 cm. Where should a point source be placed between the lens
and the mirror so that the light, after getting reflected by the mirror and then getting refracted by the
lens, comes out parallel to the principal axis?
F 15. A point object is placed on the principal axis of a convex lens (f = 15 cm) at a distance of
30 cm from it. A glass plate (µ = 1.50) of thickness 1 cm is placed on the other side of the lens
perpendicular to the axis. Locate the image of the point object.

F16. A convex lens of focal length 20 cm and a concave lens of focal length 10 cm are placed 10 cm apart
with their principal axes coinciding. A beam of light travelling parallel to the principal axis and having a
beam diameter 5.0 mm, is incident on the combination. Show that the emergent beam is parallel to the
incident one. Find the beam diameter of the emergent beam. Also find out the ratio of emergent and
incident intensities.

G 1. 2 identical thin converging lenses brought in contact so that their axes coincide are placed 12.5 cm
from an object. What is the optical power of the system & each lens, if the real image formed by the
system of lenses is four times as large as the object?
G 2. A point object is placed at a distance of 15 cm from a convex lens. The image is formed on the other
side at a distance of 30 cm from the lens. When a concave lens is placed in contact with the convex
lens, the image shifts away further by 30 cm. Calculate the focal lengths of the two lenses.
G 3. A thin concavo-concave lens is surrounded by two different liquids A
and B as shown in figure. The system is supported by a plane mirror at
the bottom. Refractive index of A, lens and B are 9/5, 3/2 and 4/3
respectively. The radius of curvature of the surfaces of the lens are
same and equal to 10 cm. Where should an object be placed infront of
this system so that final image is formed on the object itself.
G 4. The convex surface of a thin concavo-convex lens of glass of refractive index 1.5 has a radius of
curvature 20 cm. the concave surface has a radius of curvature 60 cm. The convex side is silvered and
placed on a horizontal surface as shown in figure.
(a) Where should a pin be placed on the axis so that its image is
formed at the same place? (b) If the concave part is filled with water (µ
= 4/3), find the distance through which the pin should be moved so that
the image of the pin again
coincides with the pin.

H 1. A certain material has refractive indices 1.56, 1.60 and 1.68 for red, yellow and violet light respectively. (a)
Calculate the dispersive power. (b) Find the angular dispersion produced by a thin prism of angle 6° made of
this material.
H 2. A flint glass prism and a crown glass prism are to be combined in such a way that the deviation of the mean
ray is zero. The refractive index of flint and crown glasses for the mean ray are 1.620 and 1.518 respectively.
If the refracting angle of the flint prism is 6.0°, what would be the refracting angle of crown prism?

H 3. Three thin prisms are combined as shown in figure. The refractive indices
of the crown glass for red, yellow and violet rays are µr, µy and µv
respectively and those for the flint glass are µr, µy and µv respectively.
Find the ratio A/A for which (a) there is no net angular dispersion, and
(b) there is no net deviation in the yellow ray.

ONANCE 6
 PART - II : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Note : * Marked questions are MCQ.

A 1. Two plane mirrors are inclined to each other at an angle 600. If a ray of light incident on the first mirror is
parallel to the second mirror, it is reflected from the second mirror
(A) Perpendicular to the first mirror (B) Parallel to the first mirror
(C) Parallel to the second mirror (D) Perpendicular to the second mirror

A 2. Two mirrors are inclined at an angle  as shown in the figure. Light ray is
incident parallel to one of the mirrors. The ray will start retracing its path
after third reflection if :
(A)  = 45°
(B)  = 30°
(C)  = 60°
(D) all three
A 3.* Two plane mirrors are parallel to each other and spaced 20 cm apart. An object is kept in between them
at 15 cm from A. Out of the following at which point(s) image(s) is/are not formed in mirror A (distance
measured from mirror A):
(A) 15 cm (B) 25 cm (C) 45 cm (D) 55 cm
A 4. A point object is kept in front of a plane mirror. The plane mirror is doing SHM of amplitude 2 cm. The plane
mirror moves along the x-axis and x- axis is normal to the mirror. The amplitude of the mirror is such that the
object is always infront of the mirror. The amplitude of SHM of the image is
(A) zero (B) 2 cm (C) 4 cm (D) 1 cm
A 5. A person’s eye is at a height of 1.5 m. He stands in front of a 0.3m long plane mirror which is 0.8 m above the
ground. The length of the image he sees of himself is:
(A) 1.5m (B) 1.0m (C) 0.8m (D) 0.6m
A 6. A person is standing in a room of width 200 cm. A plane mirror of vertical length 10 cm is fixed on a wall
in front of the person. The person looks into the mirror from distance 50 cm. How much width (height)
of the wall behind him will he be able to see: (assume that he uses the full mirror)
(A) 30 cm (B) 40 cm (C) 50 cm (D) none of these

A 7. An unnumbered wall clock shows time 04: 25: 37, where 1st term represents hours, 2nd represents
minutes & the last term represents seconds. What time will its image in a plane mirror show.
(A) 08: 35: 23 (B) 07: 35: 23 (C) 07: 34: 23 (D) none of these

A 8. A plane mirror is moving with velocity 4 î  5 ĵ  8 k̂ . A point object in front of the mirror moves with a

velocity 3 î  4 ĵ  5 k̂ . Here k̂ is along the normal to the plane mirror and facing towards the object.
The velocity of the image is:
(A)  3 î  4 ĵ  5 k̂ (B) 3 î  4 ˆj  11 k̂ (C)  3 î  4 ĵ  11 k̂ (D) 7 î  9 ĵ  11 k̂

A 9. Images of an object placed between two plane mirrors whose reflecting surfaces make an angle of 900 with
one another lie on a :
(A) straight line (B) zig-zag curve (C) circle (D) ellipse

B 1. A concave mirror of radius of curvature 20 cm forms image of the sun. The diameter of the sun subtends
an angle 1º on the earth. Then the diameter of the image is (in cm):
(A) 2 /9 (B) /9 (C) 20 (D) /18

B 2.* The image (of a real object) formed by a concave mirror is twice the size of the object. The focal length of the
mirror is 20 cm. The distance of the object from the mirror is (are)
(A) 10 cm (B) 30 cm (C) 25 cm (D) 15 cm

ONANCE 7
 B 3. An object of height 1 cm is kept perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex mirror of radius of
curvature 20 cm. If the distance of the object from the mirror is 20 cm then the distance between tips
of the image and the object will be:

6404 6414 40
(A) (B) (C) (D) none of these
9 9 3
B 4. An object is kept between a plane mirror and a concave mirror facing each other. The distance between
the mirrors is 22.5 cm. The radius of curvature of the concave mirror is 20 cm. What should be the
distance of the object from the concave mirror so that after two successive reflections the final image
is formed on the object itself: [Consider first reflection from concave mirror]
(A) 5 cm (B) 15 cm (C) 10 cm (D) 7.5 cm
B 5. A square ABCD of side 1mm is kept at distance 15 cm in front of the
concave mirror as shown in the figure. The focal length of the mirror is
10 cm. The length of the perimeter of its image will be :

(A) 8 mm (B) 2 mm (C) 12 mm (D) 6 mm

B 6. In the figure shown find the total magnification after two successive
reflections first on M1 & then on M2

(A) + 1
(B) – 2
(C) + 2
(D) – 1

B 7. A luminous point object is moving along the principal axis of a concave mirror of focal length 12 cm towards
it. When its distance from the mirror is 20 cm its velocity is 4 cm/s. The velocity of the image in cm/s at that
instant is
(A) 6, towards the mirror (B) 6, away from the mirror
(C) 9, away from the mirror (D) 9, towards the mirror.
B 8.* In the figure shown consider the first reflection at the plane mirror and second at the convex mirror. AB
is object.

velocity

.
A B
. C
.
10cm 10cm
120cm
50cm

(A) the second image is real, inverted of 1/5 th magnification

(B) the second image is virtual and erect with magnification 1/5
(C) the second image moves towards the convex mirror
(D) the second image moves away from the convex mirror.
B 9. A particle is moving towards a fixed spherical mirror. The image:
(A) must move away from the mirror
(B) must move towards the mirror
(C) may move towards the mirror
(D) will move towards the mirror, only if the mirror is convex.
B 10. A point object on the principal axis at a distance 15 cm in front of a concave mirror of radius of curvature
20 cm has velocity 2 mm/s perpendicular to the principal axis. The velocity of image at that instant will
be:
(A) 2 mm/s (B) 4 mm/s (C) 8 mm/s (D) 16 mm/s

B 11. A point object at 15 cm from a concave mirror of radius of curvature 20 cm is made to oscillate along
the principal axis with amplitude 2 mm. The amplitude of its image will be
(A) 2 mm (B) 4 mm (C) 8 mm (D) 16 mm

ONANCE 8
 B 12. The distance of an object from the focus of a convex mirror of radius of curvature 'a' is
'b'. Then the distance of the image from the focus is:
(A) b2 / 4a (B) a / b2 (C) a2 / 4b (D) 4b / a2
B 13. The largest distance of the image of a real object from a convex mirror of focal length 20 cm can be:
(A) 20 cm (B) infinite (C) 10 cm (D) depends on the position of the object
B 14.* Which of the following statements are incorrect for spherical mirrors.
(A) a concave mirror forms only virtual images for any position of real object
(B) a convex mirror forms only virtual images for any position of a real object
(C) a concave mirror forms only a virtual diminished image of an object placed between its pole and
the focus
(D) a convex mirror forms a virtual magnified image of an object placed between its pole and the
focus.
B 15. Which of the following can form erect, virtual, diminished image?
(A) plane mirror (B) concave mirror
(C) convex mirror (D) none of these
B 16.  is the image of a point object O formed by spherical mirror, then which of the following statement is
incorrect :
(A) If O and  are on same side of the principal axis, then they have to be on opposite sides of the mirror.
(B) If O and  are on opposite sides of the principal axis, then they have to be on same side of the mirror.
(C) If O and  are on opposite side of the principal axis, then they can be on opposite side of the mirror
as well.
(D) If O is on principal axis then  has to lie on principal axis only.
B 17. An object is placed at a distance u from a concave mirror and its real image is received on a screen
placed at a distance of v from the mirror. If f is the focal length of the mirror, then the graph between
1/v versus 1/u is

(A) (B) (C) (D)

B 18. A real inverted image in a concave mirror is represented by (u, v, f are coordinates)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

C 1. When a wave is refracted:

(A) its path must change (B) its amplitude must change
(C) its velocity must change (D) its frequency must change

C 2. The wavelength of light in vacuum is 6000 Aº and in a medium it is 4000 Aº. The refractive index of the
medium is:
(A) 2.4 (B) 1.5 (C) 1.2 (D) 0.67

C 3. A ray of light passes from vacuum into a medium of refractive index n. If the angle of incidence is twice the
angle of refraction, then the angle of incidence is:
(A) cos –1 (n/2) (B) sin–1 (n/2) (C) 2 cos –1 (n/2) (D) 2 sin–1 (n/2)

ONANCE 9
 C 4. A ray of light is incident on a parallel slab of thickness t and refractive index n. If the angle of incidence
is small, than the displacement in the incident and emergent ray will be:
t  (n 1) t t n
(A) (B) (C) (D) none
n n n 1

C 5. A ray of light travelling in air is incident at grazing angle on a slab with y

air
variable refractive index, n (y) = [k y3/2 + 1]1/2 where k = 1 m 3/2 and
follows path as shown. What is the total deviation produced by slab 1m Slab
when the ray comes out.
(A) 60º (B) 53º air x
1
(C) sin (4/9) (D) no deviation at all

C 6. A ray incident at a point at an angle of incidence of 600 enters a glass sphere of  = 3 and it is reflected and
refracted at the farther surface of the sphere. The angle between reflected and refracted rays at this surface is
(A) 500 (B) 900 (C) 600 (D) 400
C 7. How much water should be filled in a container of 21 cm in height, so that it appears half filled (of total
height of the container) when viewed from the top of the container ?
(Assume near normal incidence and  w=4/3)
(A) 8.0 cm (B) 10.5 cm (C) 12.0 cm (D) 14.0 cm

C 8. A beam of light is converging towards a point. A plane parallel plate

of glass of thickness t , refractive index  is introduced in the path
of the beam. The convergent point is shifted by (assume near normal
incidence):

 1  1
(A) t  1   away (B) t  1   away
   

 1  1
(C) t  1   nearer (D) t  1   nearer
   
18cm
C 9. Given that, velocity of light in quartz = 1.5  108 m/s and velocity of light in Glycerine Glycerine
glycerine = (9/4)  108 m/s. Now a slab made of quartz is placed in glycerine
as shown. The shift of the object produced by slab is Observer
Object
(A) 6 cm
(B) 3.55 cm 20cm
(C) 9 cm
(D) 2 cm
Quartz

C 10.* A ray of monochromatic light is incident on the plane surface of separation

between two media x & y with angle of incidence ‘i’ in the medium x and angle of
refraction ‘r’ in the medium y. The graph shows the relation between sin r and sin i.
(A) the speed of light in the medium y is (3)1/2 times then in medium x.
(B) the speed of light in the medium y is (1/3)1/2 times then in medium x.
(C) the total internal reflection can take place when the incidence is in x.
(D) the total internal reflection can take place when the incidence is in y.

C 11. The critical angle of light going from medium A to medium B is . The speed of light in medium A is v.
The speed of light in medium B is:
v
(A) (B) v sin  (C) v cot  (D) v tan 
sin 

ONANCE 10
 D 1. A ray of monochromatic light is incident on one refracting face of a prism of angle 750. It passes through the
prism and is incident on the other face at the critical angle. If the refractive index of the material of the prism
is 2, the angle of incidence on the first face of the prism is
(A) 300 (B) 450 (C) 600 (D) 00

D 2. A prism having refractive index 2 and refracting angle 30º, has one of the refracting surfaces polished.
A beam of light incident on the other refracting surface will retrace its path if the angle of incidence is:
(A) 0º (B) 30º (C) 45º (D) 60º
D 3. A ray of light is incident at angle i on a surface of a prism of small angle A & emerges normally from the
opposite surface. If the refractive index of the material of the prism is , the angle of incidence i is
nearly equal to:
(A) A/ (B) A/(2 ) (C) A (D) A/2
D 4.* For the refraction of light through a prism
(A) For every angle of deviation there are two angles of incidence.
(B) The light travelling inside an isosceles prism is necessarily parallel to the base when prism is set for
minimum deviation.
(C) There are two angles of incidence for maximum deviation.

(D) Angle of minimum deviation will increase if refractive index of prism is increased keeping the outside
medium unchanged.
D 5.* An equilateral prism deviates a ray through 40º for two angles of incidence differing by 20º. The possible
angles of incidences are:
(A) 400 (B) 500 (C) 200 (D) 600
D 6. A beam of monochromatic light is incident at i = 500 on one face of an equilateral prism, the angle of
emergence is 400, then the angle of minimum deviation is:
(A) 300 (B) < 300 (C)  300 (D)  300
D 7.* For refraction through a small angled prism, the angle of deviation (ns < np)
(A) increases with the increase in R.. of the prism
(B) will be 2D for a ray of R.. 2.4 if it is D for a ray of R.. 1.2
(C) is directly proportional to the angle of the prism
(D) will decrease with the increase in R.. of a prism.

D 8. A prism of refractive index 2 has refracting angle 60º. Answer the following questions
(a) In order that a ray suffers minimum deviation it should be incident at an angle :
(A) 450 (B) 900 (C) 300 (D) none
(b) Angle of minimum deviation :
(A) 450 (B) 900 (C) 300 (D) none
(c) Angle of maximum deviation :
(A) 450 (B)sin-1 ( 2 sin150 ) (C) 300 +sin-1 ( 2 sin150 ) (D) none

D 9. For a glass prism ( = 2 ) the angle of minimum deviation is equal to the refracting angle of the prism. The
angle of the prism is:
(A) 800 (B) 450 (C) 600 (D) 900
D 10. The maximum refractive index of a material of a prism of apex angle 900 for which light will be transmitted is:
(A) 3 (B) 1.5 (C) 2 (D) None of these

D 11. A prism having an apex angle of 40 and refractive index of 1.50 is located in P
front of a vertical plane mirror as shown. A horizontal ray of light is incident
on the prism. The total angle through which the ray is deviated is
(A) 40 clockwise (B) 1780 clockwise
0
(C) 2 clockwise (D) 80 clockwise M

ONANCE 11
 E 1. There is a small black dot at the centre C of a solid glass sphere of refractive index . When seen from
outside, the dot will appear to be located:
(A) away from C for all values of  (B) at C for all values of 

(C) at C for  = 1.5, but away from C for   1.5 (D) at C only for 2  1.5.
E 2. The image for the converging beam after refraction through the curved surface is formed at:

40 40 180
(A) x = 40 cm (B) x = cm (C) x =  cm (D) x = cm
3 3 7
E 3. A planoconcave lens is placed on a paper on which a flower is drawn. How far above its actual position
does the flower appear to be ?

(A) 10 cm (B) 15 cm (C) 50 cm (D) none of these

E 4. A beam of diameter ‘ d ‘ is incident on a glass hemisphere as shown. If the
radius of curvature of the hemisphere is very large in comparison to d, then the
diameter of the beam at the base of the hemisphere will be:
3 d 2
(A) d (B) d (C) (D) d
4 3 3

E 5*. Two refracting media are separated by a spherical interface as shown

in the figure. P P  is the principal axis, 1 and 2 are the refractive
indices of medium of incidence and medium of refraction respectively.
Then:
(A) if 2 > 1, then there cannot be a real image of real object
(B) if 2 > 1, then there cannot be a real image of virtual object
(C) if 1 > 2, then there cannot be a virtual image of virtual object
(D) if 1 > 2, then there cannot be a real image of real object

F 1. A convexo - concave diverging lens is made of glass of refractive index 1.5 and focal length 24 cm. Radius of
curvature for one surface is double that of the other. Then radii of curvature for the two surfaces are (in cm):
(A) 6, 12 (B) 12, 24 (C) 3, 6 (D) 18, 36
F 2. Two symmetric double convex lenses A and B have same focal length, but the radii of curvature differ so that,
RA = 0.9 RB. If nA = 1.63, find nB.
(A) 1.7 (B) 1.6 (C) 1.5 (D) 4/3

F 3. When a lens of power P (in air) made of material of refractive index  is immersed in liquid of refractive
index 0. Then the power of lens is:

 1   0   0 P
(A) P (B) P (C) . (D) none of these
  0  1   1 0

ONANCE 12
 F 4. A lens behaves as a converging lens in air and a diverging lens in water. The refractive index of the
material is (refractive index of water = 1.33)
(A) equal to unity (B) equal to 1.33
(C) between unity and 1.33 (D) greater than 1.33
F 5. The diameter of the sun subtends an angle of 0.50 at the surface of the earth. A converging lens of f o c a l
length 100 cm is used to provide an image of the sun on to a screen. The diameter in mm of the image formed
is nearly
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 9
F 6. A thin lens of focal length f and its aperture diameter d, forms a real image of intensity I. Now the central part
of the aperture upto diameter (d/2) is blocked by an opaque paper. The focal length and image intensity would
change to :
(A) f/2, I/2 (B) f, I/4 (C) 3f/4, I/2 (D) f, 3I/4
F 7. A thin symmetrical double convex lens of power P is cut into three parts, as shown in
the figure. Power of A is:
P P
(A) 2 P (B) (C) (D) P
2 3
F 8. In the figure given below, there are two convex lens L1 and L2 having focal
length of f1 and f2 respectively. The distance between L1 and L2 will be

(A) f1 (B) f2 (C) f1 + f2 (D) f1 - f2

F 9.* Which of the following cannot form real image of a real object ?
(A) concave mirror (B) convex mirror (C) plane mirror (D) diverging lens

F 10. An object is placed at a distance u from a converging lens and its real image is received on a screen placed
at a distance of v from the lens. If f is the focal length of the lens, then the graph between 1/v versus 1/u is:
1/v

(A) (B) (C) (D)

1/u

F 11. A virtual erect image by a diverging lens is represented by (u, v, f are coordinates)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

F 12. What should be the value of distance d so that final image is formed on
the object itself. (focal lengths of the lenses are written on the lenses).

(A) 10 cm (B) 20 cm (C) 5 cm (D) none of these

F 13.* The values of d1 & d2 for final rays to be parallel to the principal axis
are: (focal lengths of the lenses are written above the respective lenses)

(A) d1 = 10 cm, d2 = 15 cm (B) d1 = 20 cm, d2 = 15 cm

(C) d1 = 30 cm, d2 = 15 cm (D) None of these

ONANCE 13
 F 14.* An object O is kept infront of a converging lens of focal length 30 cm
behind which there is a plane mirror at 15 cm from the lens.
(A) the final image is formed at 60 cm from the lens towards right of it
(B) the final image is at 60 cm from lens towards left of it
(C) the final image is real
(D) the final image is virtual.

F 15. A thin linear object of size 1 mm is kept along the principal axis of a convex lens of focal length 10 cm.
The object is at 15 cm from the lens. The length of the image is:
(A) 1 mm (B) 4 mm (C) 2 mm (D) 8 mm

F 16. A biconvex lens is used to project a slide on screen. The slide is 2 cm high and 10 cm from the lens. The
image is 18 cm high. What is the focal length of the lens?
(A) 9 cm (B) 18 cm (C) 4.5 cm (D) 20 cm

F 17. The minimum distance between a real object and its real image formed by a thin convex lens of focal
length f is
(A) 4f (B) 2f (C) f (D) f/2

G 1.* The radius of curvature of the left & right surface of the concave
lens are 10 cm & 15 cm respectively. The radius of curvature of
the mirror is 15 cm.

(A) equivalent focal length of the combination is -18 cm

(B) equivalent focal length of the combination is +36 cm
(C) the system behaves like a concave mirror
(D) the system behaves like a convex mirror.
G 2. A plano-convex lens, when silvered at its plane surface is equivalent to a concave mirror of focal length
28 cm. When its curved surface is silvered and the plane surface not silvered, it is equivalent to a
concave mirror of focal length 10 cm, then the refractive index of the material of the lens is:
(A) 9/14 (B) 14/9 (C) 17/9 (D) none
G 3. In the above question the radius of curvature of the curved surface of plano-convex lens is :
280 180 39 280
(A) cm (B) cm (C) cm (D) cm
9 7 3 11

3
G 4. Two plano-convex lenses each of focal length 10 cm & refractive index are placed as shown. In
2
 4
the space left, water  R. I.  is filled. The whole arrangement is in air. The optical power of the
3
system is (in diopters):

(A) 6.67 (B) - 6.67 (C) 33.3 (D) 20

G 5. The focal length of a plano-concave lens is  10 cm, then its focal length when its plane surface is
polished is:
(A) 20 cm (B)  5 cm (C) 5 cm (D) none of these

ONANCE 14
 G 6.* If a symmetrical biconcave thin lens is cut into two identical halves. They are placed in
different ways as shown:

(A) three images will be formed in case (i) (B) two images will be formed in the case (i)
(C) the ratio of focal lengths in (ii) & (iii) is 1 (D) the ratio of focal lengths in (ii) & (iii) is 2

G 7. A convex lens of focal length 25 cm and a concave lens of focal length 20 cm are mounted coaxially
separated by a distance d cm. If the power of the combination is zero, d is equal to
(A) 45 (B) 30 (C) 15 (D) 5

H 1. The dispersion of light in a medium implies that :

(A) lights of different wavelengths travel with different speeds in the medium
(B) lights of different frequencies travel with different speeds in the medium
(C) the refractive index of medium is different for different wavelengths
(D) all of the above.

H 2. Critical angle of light passing from glass to air is minimum for

(A) red (B) green (C) yellow (D) violet

H 3. A plane glass slab is placed over various coloured letters. The letter which appears to be raised
the least is:
(A) violet (B) yellow (C) red (D) green

H 4. A medium has nv = 1.56, nr = 1.44. Then its dispersive power is:

(A) 3/50 (B) 6/25 (C) 0.03 (D) none of these

H 5. All the listed things below are made of flint glass. Which one of these have greatest dispersive power
().
(A) prism (B) glass slab (C) biconvex lens (D) all have same 

H 6. Light of wavelength 4000 Å is incident at small angle on a prism of apex angle 4º. The prism has
nv = 1.5 & nr = 1.48. The angle of dispersion produced by the prism in this light is:
(A) 0.2º (B) 0.08º (C) 0.192º (D) none of these

H 7.* A narrow beam of white light goes through a slab having parallel faces
(A) The light never splits in different colours
(B) The emergent beam is white
(C) The light inside the slab is split into different colours
(D) The light inside the slab is white

H 8.* By properly combining two prisms made of different materials, it is possible to

(A) have dispersion without average deviation (B) have deviation without dispersion
(C) have both dispersion and average deviation (D) have neither dispersion nor average deviation

ONANCE 15
 OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Note : * marked questions are MCQ.
1.* A flat mirror M is arranged parallel to a wall W at a distance L from it. The wall
light produced by a point source S kept on the wall is reflected by the w
S
mirror and produces a light patch on the wall. The mirror moves with velocity L V
v towards the wall. M
(A) The patch of light will move with the speed v on the wall.
(B) The patch of light will not move on the wall.
(C) As the mirror comes closer the patch of light will become larger and shift away from the wall with
speed larger then v.
(D) The size of the light patch on the wall remains the same.
2. An object is placed 30 cm (from the reflecting surface) in front of a block of glass 10 cm thick having its
farther side silvered. The image is found to be at 23.2 cm behind the silvered face, by an observer
infront of the block. The refractive index of glass is :
(A) 1.41 (B) 1.46 (C) 200/ 132 (D) 1.61
3. A ray of light strikes a plane mirror at an angle of incidence 45º as shown
in the figure. After reflection, the ray passes through a prism of refractive
index 1.50, whose apex angle is 4º. The angle through which the mirror
should be rotated if the total deviation of the ray is to be 90º is :
(A) 10 clockwise (B) 10 anticlockwise
0
(C) 2 clockwise (D) 20 anticlockwise

4. W hen the object is at distances u 1 & u 2 the images formed by the same lens are real and virtual
respectively and of the same size. Then focal length of the lens is:
1 u1  u 2
(A) u1 u 2 (B) (C) u1 u 2 (D) 2 (u 1 + u 2)
2 2
5.* A man wants to photograph a white donkey as a Zebra after fitting a glass with black streaks onto the lens
of his camera.
(A) The image will look like a white donkey on the photograph.
(B) The image will look like a Zebra on the photograph
(C) The image will be more intense compared to the case in which no such glass is used.
(D) The image will be less intense compared to the case in which no such glass is used.
6. A beam of white light is incident on hollow prism of glass. Then :
(A) the light emerging from prism gives no dispersion
(B) the light emerging from prism gives spectrum but the bending i(
of all colours is away from base. ht
e lig
whit
(C) the light emerging from prism gives spectrum, all the colours
bend towards base, the violet the most and red the least.
(D) the light emerging from prism gives spectrum, all the colours
bend towards base, the violet the least and red the most.
7. A light ray  is incident on a plane mirror M. The mirror is rotated in
the direction as shown in the figure by an arrow at frequency 9/
rps. The light reflected by the mirror is received on the wall W at a
distance 10 m from the axis of rotation. When the angle of incidence
becomes 37º the speed of the spot (a point) on the wall is:

(A) 10 m/s (B) 1000 m/s (C) 500 m/s (D) None of these

ONANCE 16
 8.* Two plane mirrors are inclined to each other with their reflecting faces making acute angle. A light ray is
incident on one plane mirror. The total deviation after two successive reflections is:
(A) independent of the initial angle of incidence
(B) independent of the angle between the mirrors
(C) dependent on the initial angle of incidence
(D) dependent on the angle between the mirrors.

9.* An equiconvex lens of refractive index n2 is placed such that the refractive
index of the surrounding media is as shown. Then the lens:
(A) must be diverging if n2 is less than the arithmetic mean of n1 and n3
(B) must be converging if n2 is greater than the arithmetic mean of n1 and n3
(C) may be diverging if n2 is less than the arithmetic mean of n1 and n3
(D) will neither be diverging nor converging if n2 is equal to arithmetic mean of n1 and n3
10. Two plane mirrors of length L are separated by distance L and a man
M2 is standing at distance L from the connecting line of mirrors as
shown in figure. A man M1 is walking in a straight line at distance 2 L
parallel to mirrors at speed u, then man M 2 at O will be able to see
image of M1 for time:
4L 3L
(A) (B)
u u
6L 9L
(C) (D)
u u

11. In the figure shown a point object O is placed in air. A spherical boundary
of radius of curvature 1.0 m separates two media. AB is principal axis.
The refractive index above AB is 1.6 and below AB is 2.0. The separation
between the images formed due to refraction at spherical surface is:

(A) 12 m (B) 20 m (C) 14 m (D) 10 m

12.* In the figure shown a point object O is placed in air on the
principal axis. The radius of curvature of the spherical surface
is 60 cm. If is the final image formed after all the refractions
and reflections.60 If

(A) If d1 = 120 cm, then the ‘ If ‘ is formed on ‘ O ‘ for any value of d2.
(B) If d1 = 240 cm, then the ‘ If ‘ is formed on ‘ O ‘ only if d2 = 360 cm.
(C) If d1 = 240 cm, then the ‘ If ‘ is formed on ‘ O ‘ for all values of d2.
(D) If d1 = 240 cm, then the ‘ If ‘ cannot be formed on ‘ O ‘.
13. In the figure shown a thin parallel beam of light is incident on a plane mirror
m1 at small angle ‘’. m2 is a concave mirror of focal length ‘f’. After three
successive reflections of this beam the x and y coordinates of the image is :

(A) x = f – d, y = f (B) x = d + f , y = f
(C) x = f – d, y = – f (D) x = d – f , y = – f
14. The distance between an object and its doubly magnified image by a concave mirror is:
[ Assume f = focal length ]
(A) 3 f/2 (B) 2 f/3
(C) 3 f (D) depends on whether the image is real or virtual.
15. In the figure shown, the image of a real object is formed at point . AB
is the principal axis of the mirror. The mirror must be:
(A) concave & placed towards right of 
(B) concave & placed towards left of 
(C) convex & placed towards right of 
(D) convex & placed towards left of .

ONANCE 17
 16*. An object is kept on the principal axis of a convex mirror of focal length 10 cm at a distance of 10 cm
from the pole. The object starts moving at a velocity 20 mm/sec towards the mirror at angle 30º with the
principal axis. What will be the speed of its image & direction with the principal axis at that instant.
7 5 7
(A) speed = 5 mm/sec (B) speed = mm/sec
4 2
2
(C) tan 1( ) with the principal axis (D) none of these
3
17. M1 & M2 are two concave mirrors of the same focal length 10
cm. AB & CD are their principal axes respectively. A point object
O is kept on the line AB at distance 15 cm from M1. The
distance between the mirrors 20 cm. Considering two
successive reflections first on M1 and then on M2. The distance
of final image from the line AB is:

(A) 3 cm (B) 1.5 cm (C) 4.5 cm (D) 1 cm

18. A parallel beam of light is incident on the upper part of a prism

of angle 1.8º & R.I. 3/2. The light coming out of the prism falls
on a concave mirror of radius of curvature 20 cm. The distance
of the point (where the rays are focused after reflection from
the mirror) from the principal axis is:

(A) 9 cm (B) 1.5 7 mm (C) 3.14 mm (D) none of these

19. A symmetrical converging convex lens of focal length 10 cm & diverging

concave symmetrical lens of focal length  20 cm are cut from the
middle & perpendicularly and symmetrically to their principal axis. The
parts thus obtained are arranged as shown in the figure. The focal
length of this arrangement will be:

(A)  (B) 20 cm (C) 40 cm (D) 80 cm

20. An object ' O ' is kept in air in front of a thin plano convex lens of radius
of curvature 10 cm. It's refractive index is 3/2 and the medium towards
right of plane surface is water of refractive index 4/3. What should be
the distance ' x ' of the object so that the rays become parallel finally.

(A) 5 cm (B) 10 cm (C) 20 cm (D) none of these

21. For a prism of apex angle 450, it is found that the angle of emergence is 450 for grazing incidence.
Calculate the refractive index of the prism.
(A) (2)1/2 (B) (3)1/2 (C) 2 (D) (5)1/2

22. The angular dispersion produced by a small angle prism placed in air :
(A) increases if the average refractive index of the prism increases
(B) increases if the average refractive index decreases
(C) remains constant whether the average refractive index increases or decreases
(D) has no relation with average refractive index

23.* Which of the following quantities related to a lens depend on the wavelength of the incident light?
(A) power (B) focal length
(C) chromatic aberration (D) radii of curvature

ONANCE 18
 Exercise # 1
D 1. 90º
PART - I
D 2. 37º, This deviation is not minimum.

A 1. 120º anticlockwise and 240º clockwise. D 3.  = 60°

A 2. 30º clockwise. D 4. 38° = m = 2 sin1 (3/4)  60º
A 3. 60º
3
A 4. Mirror should be placed on the path of the rays D 5. (i) 1.5°, (ii)
8
at an  of 78º or 12° to the horizontal
A 5. (a) 1 ; (b) (4, 0) ; (c) No
A 6. (a) Position of image = (1 cos 60º, – 1 sin 60º) E 1. 240 cm away from the separating surface

(b) Velocity of image=(1 cos 60º î +1 sin 60º ĵ )m/ E 2. (a) 2, (b) not possible, it will focus close to
s the centre if the refractive index is large
E 3. 40 cm from pole in the medium of refractive index
1, virtual, erect and 4 cm in size.
245
B 1. infinitely large. B 2. cm = 61.25 cm E 4. 80 cm E 5. 50 cm
4
27
E 6. = 13.5 cm below the surface of water
3933 2
B 3. 10.35 cm = cm E 7. 8/3 mm, virtual at v = - 20, no inversion
380
B 4. 84 cm, 0.05 m B 5. 0.2 m from the mirror

B 6. (a) 40 cm/s opposite to the velocity of object. F 1. 75 cm, 150 cm

F 2. ± 24 cm, ± 120 cm
(b) 20 cm/s opposite along the velocity of object.
F 3. 360 cm;  ; – 600 cm
B 7. 60 cm

C 1. 2/3 × 10–8 sec

F 4. (a)
 1 1 
C 2. 3    cm = 9.9 mm, 45°
 2 7

C 3. 30 cm C 4. 25 cm.

68
C 5. 35 cm , Shift = 5 cm. C 6. cm
3 (b)

9
C 7. 0.9 cm above P C 8. cm = 2. 25
4
cm F 5. Converging
R (R  h) h 2 µ 3R µ1R
C 9. (i) (ii) C 10. F 6. (a) 2µ  µ  µ (b) 2µ  µ  µ
  2
 1 2 1 3 2 1 3

C 11. 45° C 12. m > 2 F 7. 20 cm, 1 m, –4, 24 cm

8 F 8. 0.3 m F 9. 1m
C 13.  > sin-1
9 F 10. 3 cm F 11. 28/75 = 0.37 cm
F 12. 15 cm

ONANCE 19
 F 13. 60 cm from the lens further away from the mirror
F 1. (A) F 2. (A) F 3. (C)
F 14. 1.67 cm from the lens F 4. (C) F 5. (D) F 6. (D)
F 7. (D) F 8. (C) F 9. (B),(C), (D)
91
F 15. = 30.33 cm from the lens F 10. (B) F 11. (D) F 12. (A)
3 F 13. (A), (B), (C) F 14. (B), (C) F 15. (B)
F 16. 1.0 cm if the light is incident from the side of F 16. (A) F 17. (A)
concave lens and 2.5 mm if it is incident from
th e sid e of t he con vex le ns and t he
corresponding ratio of intensities are 1/4 and 4. G 1. (A), (C) G 2. (B) G 3. (A)
G 4. (A) G 5. (C) G 6. (A), (C)
G 7. (D)
G 1. 10 D , Optical power of each lens = 5 D.
G 2. 10 cm for convex lens and 60 cm for concave H 1. (D) H 2. (D) H 3. (C)
lens H 4. (B) H 5. (D) H 6. (D)
G 3. 75 cm H 7. (B), (C) H 8. (A), (B), (C)
G 4. (a) 15 cm from the lens on the axis (b) 1.14 cm
towards the lens Exercise # 2
1. (B), (D) 2. (C) 3. (B)
1 4. (B) 5. (A), (D) 6. (A)
H 1. (a) = 0.2° (b) 0.72° 7. (B) 8. (A), (D)
5
9. (A), (B), (D) 10. (C) 11. (A)
H 2. 7.2° 12. (A), (B) 13. (D) 14. (A)
15. (B) 16. (B), (C) 17. (B)
2(µv  µr ) 2(µ y  1) 18. (B) 19. (D) 20. (C)
H 3. (a) µ   µ  , (b) µ   1 21. (D) 22. (A)
v r y
23. (A),(B),(C)

PART - II

A 1. (B) A 2. (B) A 3. (C)

A 4. (C) A 5. (D) A 6. (C)
A 7. (C) A 8. (B) A 9. (C)

B 1. (D) B 2. (A), (B) B 3. (A)

B 4. (B) B 5. (C) B 6. (C)
B 7. (C) B 8. (B), (C) B 9. (C)
B 10. (B) B 11. (C) B 12. (C)
B 13. (A) B 14. (A), (C), (D) B 15. (C)
B 16. (C) B 17. (B) B 18. (A)

C 1. (B) C 2. (B) C 3. (C)

C 4. (A) C 5. (D) C 6. (B)
C 7. (D) C 8. (A) C 9. (A)
C 10. (B), (D) C 11. (A)

D 1. (B) D 2. (C) D 3. (C)

D 4. (C), (D) D 5. (A), (D) D 6. (B)
D 7. (A), (C) D 8. (a) (A), (b) (C), (c) (C)
D 9. (D) D 10. (C) D 11. (B)

SECTION (E) :
E 1. (B) E 2. (A) E 3. (A)
E 4. (D) E 5. (A), (C)

ONANCE 20