Secondary Storage

Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Secondary Storage

▪ Distinguish between primary and secondary storage.

▪ Discuss the important characteristics of secondary
storage, including media, capacity, storage devices,
and access speed.
▪ Describe hard disk platters, tracks, sectors, and head
crashes.
▪ Compare internal and external hard drives.
▪ Discuss performance enhancements including

disk caching, RAID, file compression, and

file decompression.

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Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Secondary Storage

▪ Define optical storage including compact,

digital versatile, and high-definition discs.
▪ Define solid-state storage, including solid-
state drives, flash memory, and USB drives.
▪ Define cloud storage and cloud storage
services.
▪ Discuss mass storage devices, enterprise
storage systems, and storage area networks.

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 Secondary Storage

▪ Data storage has expanded from text and numeric

files to include digital music files, photographic
files, video files, and much more.
▪ These new types of files require secondary
storage devices with much greater capacity.
▪ In this chapter, you learn about

the many types of secondary

storage devices including their

capabilities and limitations.

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Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Secondary Storage

▪ Primary storage ▪ Secondary storage

▪ Volatile storage ▪ Nonvolatile storage
▪ Temporary storage ▪ Permanent storage
▪ Random Access Memory ▪ Secondary storage
(RAM)
characteristics
▪ Media
▪ Capacity
▪ Storage devices
▪ Access speed

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Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Secondary Storage

▪ Provides permanent or
nonvolatile storage
▪ Data and programs can be
retained after the computer has
been shut off
▪ Most desktop microcomputer
systems have both hard and
optical disk drives

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 Secondary Storage

▪ Use rigid, metallic platters that are stacked

one on top of one another
▪ Store and organize files using tracks, sectors,
and cylinders
▪ Large capacity (terabytes)
▪ Susceptible to head crash
▪ Two types of hard disks:
▪ Internal Hard Disk
▪ External Hard Disks
▪ Performance enhancements

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 Secondary Storage

▪ Occurs when read-write head makes

contact with the hard disk’s surface or with
particles on its surface
▪ Disastrous

Return
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 Secondary Storage

▪ Located inside system unit and often

designated as the C: drive
▪ Used to store programs and data files
▪ Advantages over removable media
▪ Capacity
▪ Access speed

Return
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 Secondary Storage

▪ Removable hard disks

▪ Used to complement internal hard disk
with an unlimited amount of additional
storage

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Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Secondary Storage

▪ Disk caching to improve


hard disk performance
▪ Redundant arrays of
inexpensive disks (RAID)

to expand storage and

to improve access speed
▪ File compression and
decompression to increase
capacity

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 Secondary Storage

▪ Hold over 100 gigabytes (GB) of data

▪ Attributes
▪ Lands
▪ Pits
▪ Three types
▪ Compact Disc (CD)
▪ Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)
▪ Blu-Ray (Hi-Def) Disc

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Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Secondary Storage

▪ Optical format
▪ Capacity of 650 MB to 1 GB
▪ Rotation speeds vary
▪ Three basic types
▪ Read only (CD-ROM)
▪ Write once (CD-R)
▪ Rewriteable (CD-RW)

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 Secondary Storage

▪ Like CDs, but newer format called digital

versatile disc or digital video disc (DVD)
▪ Capacity of 4.7 GB to 17 GB
▪ Three basic types
▪ Read only

(DVD-ROM)
▪ Write once

(DVD+R and DVD-R)
▪ Rewriteable

(DVD+RW, DVD-RW, and DVD-RAM)
Return
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Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Secondary Storage

▪ Next generation optical disc for recording

high-definition (hi def) video
▪ Capacity of 25 GB to 128 GB
▪ Blu-ray optical drives are usually capable
of reading standard DVDs and CDs in
addition to Blu-ray discs

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Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Secondary Storage

▪ Solid–state drives (SSDs)

▪ No moving parts
▪ Faster and more durable 

than hard disks
▪ Flash memory cards
▪ Widely used in computers, cameras, and portable
devices such as mobile phones and GPS navigation
systems
▪ USB Drives (or Flash Drives)
▪ Connect to USB port
▪ Capacity of 1 GB to 256 GB

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 Secondary Storage

▪ Cloud computing is where the Internet


acts as a “cloud” of servers
▪ Applications provided as a service rather than a
product
▪ Supplied by servers
▪ Google Apps
▪ Mint.com


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 Secondary Storage

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Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Secondary Storage

▪ Using a cloud storage service


makes it easy to upload and

share files with

anyone.

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 Secondary Storage

▪ Large amounts of secondary storage called

mass storage
▪ An enterprise storage system strategy ensures
efficient and safe use of data across an
organizational network Devices include:
▪ File servers
▪ Networked attached storage (NAS)
▪ RAID systems
▪ Tape libraries
▪ Organizational cloud storage

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Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Secondary Storage

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Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Secondary Storage

▪ Architecture to link remote computer

storage devices, such as enterprise
storage systems, to computers such that
the devices are available as locally
attached drives
▪ User’s computer provides file system, but
SAN provides disk space
▪ House data in remote locations and still
allow efficient and secure access

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 Secondary Storage

▪ Software engineers analyze users’ needs and

create application software
▪ General employer requirements
▪ Bachelors degree in

computer science
▪ Extensive knowledge of

computers and technology
▪ Communication and analytical skills
▪ Annual salary of $63,000 to $98,500

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Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Secondary Storage

▪ Future secondary storage disks will

eventually store terabytes (TB) or
petabytes (PB)
▪ Your entire life captured in

digital video on a single disc
▪ Currently developing programs

that can scan photos and videos

for a particular person’s face

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Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Secondary Storage

▪ Compare primary storage and secondary storage

and discuss the most important characteristics of
secondary storage.

▪ Discus hard disks including density, platters, tracks,

sectors, cylinders, head crashes, internal, external,
and performance enhancements.

▪ Discuss optical disks including pits, lands, CDs, DVDs,

Blu-ray, and hi def.

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Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Secondary Storage

▪ Discuss solid-state storage including solid-state

drives, flash memory, and USB drives.

▪ Discuss cloud computing and cloud storage.

▪ Describe mass storage devices including enterprise

storages systems, file servers, network attached
storage, RAID systems, tape libraries,
organizational cloud storage, and storage area
network systems.

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Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.