Compasses and clinometers for Land Surveyor

A compass is an instrument used for navigation and orientation that shows direction relative to
the geographic cardinal directions, or "points". An inclinometer or clinometer is an instrument
for measuring angles of slope (or tilt), elevation or depression of an object with respect to
gravity.

Transits and theodolites

A theodolite is a precision instrument used for measuring angles both horizontally and vertically.
Theodolites can rotate along their horizontal axis as well as their vertical axis. A transit is a
surveying instrument that also takes accurate angular measurements
Levels

Surveyor’s level, instrument used in surveying to measure the height of distant points in relation to a
bench mark (a point for which the height above sea level is accurately known). It consists of a telescope
fitted with a spirit level and, generally, mounted on a tripod. It is used in conjunction with a graduated
rod placed at the point to be measured and sighted through the telescope. The theodolite (q.v.), or
transit, is used to measure horizontal and vertical angles; it may be used also for leveling.

Chains and tapes

Chain survey is the simplest method of surveying. In this survey only measurements are taken in
the field, and the rest work, such as plotting calculation etc. are done in the office. This is most
suitable adapted to small plane areas with very few details. If carefully done, it gives quite
accurate results. The necessary requirements for field work are chain, tape, ranging rod, arrows
and sometime cross staff.

 It is a system of surveying in which sides of various triangles are measured directly in the
field and NO angular measurements are taken.
 It is the simplest kind of Surveying
 It is adopted when Level of accuracy required is not high.
Prisms and reflectors

Optical Survey prisms are a specially designed retro reflector, specifically a corner reflector, that is used
to reflect the Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM) beam from a total station. A survey prism reflects
the EDM beam back to its source with both a wide angle of incidence and with high precision.

Magnetic locators

Magnetic Locators are used primarily by surveyors, excavators, and construction workers to locate static
objects at varying depths, from small corner pins to large tanks, drums, and septic tanks.

Grade Rod

A Grade Rod or leveling rod, is a graduated rod used to determine differences in elevation. Grade Rods
can be used with surveyor, optical and laser levels. Grade Rods can be made up of several different
materials; however, the most common are made out of: Wood.
Scrapers
Scraper, in engineering, machine for moving earth over short distances (up to about two miles) over
relatively smooth areas. Either self-propelled or towed, it consists of a wagon with a gate having a
bladed bottom. The blade scrapes up earth as the wagon pushes forward and forces the excavated
material into the wagon.

Compactors (Road roller for compaction)

A compactor is a machine or mechanism used to material soil through compaction in construction
industry.

Sheepsfoot. Sheepsfoot rollers, otherwise known as padfoot or tamping rollers, are rollers with many
rectangular-shaped lugs, or “feet.” They're great for compacting soil and silty clay in road construction
work.
Asphalt Pavers

The asphalt paver is a self-propelled formless laydown machine with a floating screed. Hot Mix
Asphalt is loaded in the front, carried to the rear by a set of flight feeders, spread out by a set of
augers, then leveled and compacted by a screed. This set of functions can be divided into two
main systems:

 Tractor: The tractor contains the material feed system, which accepts the HMA at the
front of the paver, moves it to the rear and spreads it out to the desired width in
preparation for screed leveling and compaction.
 Screed: The most critical feature of the paver is the self-leveling screed unit, which
determines the profile of the HMA being placed. The screed takes the head of the HMA
from the material delivery system, strikes if off at the correct thickness and provides
initial mat compaction.

The screed helps control the amount of material extruded onto the base course, flattening the
asphalt on the ground. It also assists in offering a level of surface for compaction regardless of
the condition of the base course. The base course needs to be reasonably level in an effort to
prevent future cracking.
Stoltz Cement Spreaders

The spreaders are pneumatically filled from a bulk tanker truck, and are designed to hold up to a full
tanker load. Although known as cement spreaders, these units will spread nearly all dry binding agents.

Concrete Mixer

Concrete mixers are devices capable of preparing concrete mixtures of varying strength precisely as well
as quickly.
Transit Mixer

Transit mixer is a piece of equipment that is used for transporting concrete/ mortar or ready mix
material from a concrete batching plant directly to the site where it is to be utilized. Transit mixer is
loaded with dry material and water. The interior of the transit drum is fitted with a spiral blade. Spiral
blade is able to move in two directions. During clockwise movement drum is charged with concrete and
in counterclockwise direction concrete discharge out from the transit drum. Concrete mixing drum
ensures the liquid state of materials through rotation of the drum about its own axis.
Tipper Truck

The job of a tipper truck is to lift and transport loose building materials such as asphalt, construction
aggregate, dirt, grain, gravel, sand, snow, and wood chips in bulk efficiently around a worksite. So let's
delve into how tipper trucks operate, so you can better understand how they're used.

Backhoe

To excavate the earth up to 3m depth.

Boning Rod

Boning rods are made of wood and they are T shape. They are used to level the excavated trench
throughout its length. Minimum three boning rods are used to level the trench surface.

Brick Hammer

Brick hammer is used to cut the bricks and also used to push the bricks if they come out of the course
line.
Bulldozer

A bulldozer is a crawle with a substantial metal plate used fitted to push large amounts of soil, sand, dirt or
other materials when construction or remodeling and usually push on the back with a claw mechanism to
loosen densely-compacted materials.

Drilling Machine

A drill or drilling machine is a tool primarily used for making round holes or driving fasteners. It is fitted
with a bit, either a drill or driver, depending on application, secured by a chuck. Some powered drills
also include a hammer function.

Excavator To excavate the earth up to 5m depth.

 Forklift To lift and transport materials.

This tool is used in Brickwork, Plastering to

Framing Square
check right angle.

The safety helmet should be necessary in construction works.

Any material or structure may fall from height during construction work.
So, to protect the head from injury or any fatal accident, this safety
Helmet helmet should be used.

Hydra Crane To Lift the heavyweight items.

Jack Hammer To break stone or concrete.

 Ladder is also required in construction works.
Ladder To check slab work, to transport material to the
higher floors, to paint the walls etc.

This tool is used to check horizontal level in brickwo

Line Level
plastering , flooring and tile works.

Measurement Tape To measure the length.

This tool is used to vibrate the concrete in a thin

Section like slab while pouring. For
Plate Vibrator workability purpose,
we all add water to concrete.
To avoid that we are using vibrators.

Plumb Bob Using to check the surface vertical alignment.

This tool is used to smoothen the surface

Polisher
(wood or marble flooring).
 Safety Belt Should wear while doing work at heights.

Safety Googles Avoiding direct contact with dangerous materials.

Sand Screening Machine To sieve the sand.

Wheel Barrow To transport the materials inside the site.

Spade To excavate the earth or to dig a trench.

Sprit Level To check the horizontal surface level.

 This crane use of material transport one
Tower Crane
building to another building in air.

Trenchers Cutter

Home Machinery And Equipment Use of Trenchers in construction advantage and disadvantages Use of
Trenchers in construction advantage and disadvantages admin May 20, 2015 Machinery and Equipment
No Comments It is sometimes called as Ditchers or Trenches, are similar to excavators in the sense that
penetrate the soil, break soil and rock, and from the earth. . They differ from excavators in that the soil
is removed in one continuous movement. Digging trenches for pipes used specifically for, but other
machines have been improvised in the past in order to serve this purpose.

Water Level To mark the spot level.

Welding Machine Set To joint the different pieces of steel.