(Research Project Proposal)

“Artificial Rainmaking by using high power laser initiation endothermic reaction, in a way
of Natural Lightning Phenomena through Drone air craft remote control system,
in the atmosphere”

*Shivshankar K. Chopkar1, D.K. Chakrabarty, A.B. Dhone, K.R. Gangakhedkar, R.M.Kharate,

Kiran Naik,

*Shri Sant Gajanan Invention and Research Center, Shegaon – 444203(M.S.)

*International School of Professional Studies,Kharghar , Navi Mumbai -410210
*Artificial Rainmaking Research Association , 39, Santra Market, Nagpur- 440018,
Email - [email protected], Web site-www.arrindia.org

Abstract: -
After lightning, precipitation is formed by endothermic reaction and ionization process in the
atmosphere, it is well known process. These same natural lighting phenomena occur in the atmosphere
by high power laser. We intend to create artificial rain by initiating endothermic reactions in the cloud
using high power laser pulse through drone air craft remote control system.
Natural Lightning Phenomena, practically proved in the laboratory, as high power laser induce
condensation and also observed NO & O3 formation after laser shouts in clouds chamber which is
endothermic reactions. It is well known that, in the laboratory, high power laser induce
condensation and tiny water drops are formed , But can these tiny water particles, be converted in to
big size rain drops in the atmosphere ?........yes!
In the atmosphere ,after lightning ,heavy rain fall occurs .In lightning phenomena condensation takes place
by initiating endothermic reactions and tiny water drops formed ,these tiny water drops collide with each
other due to acceleration and turbulence by wind force to form big rain drops ,these rain drops act as
natural seeding for another sets of rain drops . In this way, chain process occurs with heavy rain fall.
Above lightning phenomena, may be used for artificial rain making by using plasma laser pulse
(Technology available in market ) in the atmosphere, through Drone air craft’s with remote controlled
system (Technology available in market ).
The advantage of this method is, it is environmentally clean, one time investment so it is economical, can
be turned on and off at will, and can be precisely positioned. It will be movable on drone air craft remote
control system. Our aim is to create artificial rainfall by high power laser pulse in the atmosphere, at any
place, at any time, as per our human need, for green revolution, in the whole world. In this proposal, we are
presenting “To Design Artificial Rainmaking by using High power laser initiation endothermic reaction, in
a way of Natural Lightning Phenomena Through drone air craft remote control system, in the atmosphere”.

* International Publication Patent No -- WO/2008/062441

* Indian Patent Number – 238000 and Revised Indian Patent File Number 201721008920

1.0 Introduction: -

Rain plays an important role in world economy by influencing the agriculture yield. But rain is a natural
phenomenon, and it does not fall as and when man needs it. Researchers are trying to create artificial rain
for the past many years.
Current Technology for Artificial rain making is through cloud seeding: -
In 1946 Langmuir produced clouds in a chamber by cooling air with dry ice and gave the idea that
nucleation of water would take place by adding some foreign materials as seeds inside the chamber. This
idea is being used for more than 60 years for artificial rain creation by spraying chemicals like silver
iodide, calcium chloride and sodium chloride to cold wet air from balloon or aircraft. But the success rate
of this method is low. Because in seeding condensation does not take place.
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Condensation is the basic need for water drop formation. Example: Take two glasses with clean outer
surface one with normal water and another with ice pieces and place them on a table in winter season.
After sometime you can observe water droplets on the outer surface of the glass which contains ice but not
in the other. This is due to the condensation process that occurred in that ice glass without any seeding.
Hence condensation is the basic need for the water drop formation. When natural rainfall occurs in the
atmosphere there would not be any seeding process takes place.

Seeding process was used only for cold rainy clouds but our process will be used for warm white cloud. In
our process, condescension is by endothermic reactions. We have proved this in our Laboratory. Seeding
process is expensive and harmful to mankind because it brings harmful chemicals on earth along with rain.

2.0 Natural Evidences: -

Our method, actually, emulate rain formation mechanism in nature after lightning. On several occasions it
has been found that precipitation follows after lightning. Golde (1977) from a number of radar
observations has reported that intense precipitation is not even present in the clouds before the first
discharge but it develops abruptly in the same region after discharge from which the lightning flashes
originate. Battan (1981) has observed very rapid growth of precipitation particles/ice crystals caused by
electrical forces following a lightning discharge. In many cases the on-set of strong electrification follows
the appearance of heavy precipitation within the cloud in the form of hail stones (Wallance and Hobbs,
1977). The correlation between lightning and precipitation is as follows: heavy gushes of rain or hail often
reach the ground in 2-3 min. after the lightning flash and it is evidenced that lightning is the cause rather
than the result of the rapid intensification of the precipitation (Mason, 1975). It is further speculated that
the rapid intensification of the precipitation from about 1mm/h to 50mm/h in this 2-3 min period is brought
about by a greatly accelerated rate of coalescence of water drops under the influence of electrical forces by
a mechanism that is obscure and has no convincing experimental or theoretical base (Mason, 1971). From
the above work it is clear that precipitation is formed after lightning.
In lightning, temperature rises as high as 30,000K in fraction of a second. At this high temperature both
dissociation and ionization of N2 and O2 as showed in reactions (1), (2), (3) and (4) take place as fallow.
But for the formation of precipitation, a temperature as low as (-10K) is needed. How a region which rose
to a temperature of ~30,000K attains a temperature of (-10K)? Who removes the heat? That means after
lightning, some mechanism occurs which cool the medium. The mechanism is occurrence of endothermic
reactions (5) and (6) which cool the atmosphere. This cooling will create CCN (clouds condensation
nuclei) in cloud and produce tiny water droplets in the atmosphere. These tiny water droplets then will act
as natural seed for the formation of rain drops in the atmosphere (Drake 2006).

3.0 Theory: -
We intend to create artificial rain by initiating endothermic reactions in the cloud using a high power laser
pulse through drone air craft remote control system. The advantage of this method is, it is environmentally
clean, one time investment, can be turned on and off at will, and can be precisely positioned and cover a
cloudy wide area according to atmospheric condition.

When a laser pulse of wavelength, λ and energy, hν (ν = 1/λ and h is Planck’s constant) is shot in the
atmosphere, depending on the value of its energy, it can dissociate (break the bonds of) Nitrogen (N 2) and
Oxygen (O2) (which are the two major gases in the atmosphere) and ionize them as follows:

Dissociate:
N2 + hν → N* + N ………….. (1)
O2 + hν → O* + O ………….. (2)

2
 Ionize:
N2 + hν → N2+ + e- ………….. (3)
O2 + hν → O2+ + e- ………….. (4)

Energy required to dissociate 1 molecule of N2 and 1 molecule of O2

= 2.25x10-18 Joule.
Energy required to ionize 1 molecule of N2 and 1 molecule of O2
= 4.44x10-18 Joule.
(Calculation has been shown in the Appendix.)

Hence the energy required to dissociate 1 molecule of N2 and 1 molecule of O2 is about half of that
required to ionize them. Therefore, when a laser pulse is shot in the atmosphere, it will first dissociate N2
and O2 and if energy still remains then it will ionize them.

After bond breaking (dissociation, reactions 1 and 2), two atoms of N2 (N*, N) and two atoms of O2 (O*,
O) are formed. Among them atoms N* and O* are in excited state and hence are unstable. They
immediately react with some gases to come to ground state and form stable NO and O3 as follows:

N* + O2 + H (43.2 kcal/mol) → ΝΟ + Ο ………. (5)

O* + O2 + N2 + H (67.6 kcal/mol) → O3 + N2 ………. (6)

Both reactions (5) and (6) are endothermic and absorb a large amount of heat (43.2 + 67.6 = 110.8
kcal/mol) from the surrounding air. As a result, the air becomes cooled below the condensation
temperature and fine water particles are formed, cloud seeding takes place and it rains. Recently Kasparian
group has detected formation of NO and O3 after laser beam shooting.

There is another possibility. In reactions (3) and (4), positive ions, N2+ and O2+ and electrons, e- is formed.
Positive ions, N2+ and O2+ will quickly react with water molecules and form big ions like H+(H2O)n etc
and electrons, e- will quickly react with many gases to form big negative ions like NO3-(H2O)n etc. The
value of “n” could be as large as 25. These big positive and negative ions may act as seed and create rain.

4.0 Practical Evidences:

Latest Work done: -

Carls and Brock (1987) did an experiment in which atmosphere was heated by a laser pulse up to 1600 to
2800 K. They observed water droplet formation in the atmosphere. They postulated that water droplets
were formed by ionization process. This is partly true because they did not consider dissociation and the
occurrence of endothermic reactions, which are responsible for cooling and capable of CCN formation.
Again in the conclusion of the said paper, he predicted that the air is shock heated to temperatures high
enough to cause ionization. If the ionized air is subjected to more radiation, avalanche breakdown of the air
can occur. This is similar to breaking of N2 and O2 molecules because air contains 77% N2 and 23% O2,
which is responsible for endothermic reaction and condensation takes place. Our simulation substantiates
the theory that shock heating of air can be at least partly responsible for aerosol-enhanced breakdown.

In the laboratory, we did an experiment in a chamber where lightning was created by a high voltage
electric spark. We noticed formation of water droplets on the surface of the chamber. The results have been
published (Chopkar and Chakrabarty 2008, Chopkar et al. 2010).

3
Rohwetter et al. (2010) have shown that ionized filaments (like a cable) generated by ultra-short wave
(Visible, Infra Red region) laser pulses are able to induce water-cloud condensation in the sub-saturated
atmosphere in the altitude region between 45 and 75m resulting in rain.

Yoshihara et al. (2007) have shown that the pulsed UV-laser irradiation of ambient air induces the
formation of water droplets or small ice particles in the laboratory. They also observed that the atomic
oxygen which is formed in this process quickly reacts with oxygen molecules to form ozone. In their
experiment ozone is formed due to endothermic process by which condensation takes place and CN
(condensation nuclei) is formed which produces water droplets or ice crystals.

It may be mentioned here that a group at Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune who is
experimenting with lieder, has also observed that a few drops of water fall after the laser beam is shot in
the atmosphere.

Recently, in U.S.A. at the University of Central Florida in Orlando, Development of this technology (Laser
makes rain) was supported by a $7.5 million grant from the U.S. Department of Defense. During a
rainstorm, particles inside a cloud build up static electricity and release it as lightning. Meanwhile, tiny
water droplets stick together until they are heavy enough to fall to the ground. Scientists want to recreate
this process with lasers to produce rain when and where it is needed (Inside Science TV).

Teams of scientists from Switzerland and Germany have been trying to create artificial rain by using laser.
In 2011, they succeeded to produce tiny water particles in moderately humid air. But the droplets were
about a hundred times too small to fall as raindrop; instead, they remained suspended in the air. But the
team believes that it is feasible to get larger droplets. In the 2011 experiment, they used a 100 terawatt
(1tw=1012 watts) laser and a mobile laser of size of a shipping container of 5 terawatts. Their conclusions
were:

1. If the power of laser is increased to petawatt (1015 watts) or exawatt(1018 watts) level it is possible to
create larger water droplets. These powerful lasers are commercially available.
2. In the atmosphere ,after lightning ,heavy rain fall occurs .In lightning phenomena condensation takes
place by initiating endothermic reactions and tiny water drops formed ,these tiny water drops collide
with each other due to acceleration and turbulence by wind force ,to form big rain drops.
.These rain drops act as natural seeding for another sets of rain drops. In this way, chain process occurs
with heavy rain fall.

3. Above lightning phenomena, may be used for artificial rain making by using plasma laser pulse
(Technology available in market)in the atmosphere, through Drone air craft’s with remote controlled
system (Technology available in market).

5.0 Methodology:

A. The methodology to be adopted here has been described in several of our research papers. See for
example “Artificial rain making by laser system” published in International Journal of Meteorology,
(UK), Nov. 2010, vol. 35, No. 355, pp. 363-370, www.ijmet.org.
B. Above phenomena may be used for artificial rainmaking in the atmosphere by using plasma laser pulse
(technology easily available in market), fixed in Drone air Craft system which is controlled by remote
control from ground level.

4
Fig No 1 (A):- Demonstration for artificial rainmaking by plasma laser pulse through drone air
craft remote control system.

C. UAV’s ( Unmanned Ariel Vehicle )

Many UAV systems had been developed and exploited for various purposes of Cartography and
Monitoring. Most of the UAV systems are made by research Institutes and public Institutions.
UAV systems which are used for Monitoring and Cartography in Agricultural, Forestry and
Environmental conditions. The Mega UAV offers images on demand and is an inexpensive
alternative to satellite or flying an airplane over a field. The Mega UAV is highly efficient and user
friendly for the commercial market. It is a radio control (RC) glider plane equipped with a Pen tax
digital camera, controlled by an autopilot, along with pre-programmed ground control software.
Available in electric, the Mega UAV will also work with a RC transmitter for manual control of the
plane.

D. Why? Drone ( UAV’S) System proposed in the Atmospheric Clouds For Rain Making by
Laser
Recently in Florida University, USA, 7.5 million dollar has been sanctioned for developing this novel
technology (rain making by laser). In Florida University; Scientist group has been using with double
laser (primary & secondary) for increasing range and power of laser which is sending in upper clouds
from the ground. It is good idea, but as per our knowledge, such type of laser cannot penetrate to
the mass of cloud’s density ;laser is one of the type of light ray .That’s way in our project proposal ,
there are used Drone (UAV’S) system which is directly goes inner of the cloud’s mass density and
released single high power laser in the atmospheric clouds .
Another important factor; natural lighting may be comes through laser on ground in double laser
system which is sending from ground but in Drone system natural lighting does not come through
laser on ground and no any damages of human life .Otherwise, it’s very dangers and harmful to
scientist and workmen etc. So in this project proposal, there is used Drone system which is suitable
and not harmful to us. Drone technology is easily available in market. In future, satellite system
(shown in Fig No. 3) may be used; it is one time investment, economical, eco- friendly and on/ off by
remote control by satellite. One more benefit ; Drone system may be creates acceleration and
turbulence by wind force in the atmospheric clouds and tiny water particles of precipitation collide to
each other and comes together to form big rain drops which is act as natural seeding to form another
sets of rain drops and rain occurs .
E. Drone air craft fixed the camera and the quad copter by which we can measure the
atmospheric parameters when sent to the atmosphere from ground. With plasma Laser pulse
instruments system as shown in Fig. No. 1(B)

Fig no 1 (B):- Drone with plasma laser pulse & atmospheric parameters measuring camera
quad copter remote control instrument from ground.
5
F. Design for drone aircraft with LASER system fixing.

Design for drone aircraft with LASER system fixing.

Inner space for LASER equipment system in drone aircraft (G+1) – 8.4x4.5x4.5
a) Size of room in ground floor – 8.5x4.5x2.7
In ground floor there are LASER units – 2 Nos. as per shown in diagram
b) Plan for first floor:
Size of room in first floor – 8.5x4.5x1.8
In first floor there are high powered energy supply unit fixing and batteries and other unit
fixing.

In the above diagram item no 1 and 3 are LASER Emitting Devices to control atmospheric
clouds for rain making. This is a double LASER unit based at ground floor of the drone.
Item no 2 shown in diagram covers entire 1st floor and consists of all the electrical
appliances power generating unit and LiPo Batteries along with control station.

6.0 Laser project with UAV’s

High Power Plasma laser Pulse Technology machinery with High Power supply set up in
Drone aircraft which will be also remote control system machinery set up. The Hybrid
Mega UAV will fly Deploy as per requirement. It is a Tactical Multicolor Drone equipped
with diesel engine and charger alternator that keeps battery full at all time, supporting up to
48 hours of autonomy. The battery mode at full power can make it fly for 3 hours majorly
used for return to base on override and critical conditions.

Description Angel Rainer

Wing Span 11.03 m
UAV Length 7.1 m
Takeoff Weight 2100 kg
Engine Electric motor engine , Four cylinders 115 hp 86 kw
Batteries LiPo cells
UAV Flight Speed 100 km/h with Maximum load of 1100 kg.
Telemetry & command Data link 433 MGz radio, range is 80 km
Max Altitude 3 000 m
Endurance 3 hours maximum
Launch Road taxi runway 150 feet
Recovery Auto Return to base at minimum critical battery.
Control Automatic
UAV Lifetime 5000 flights

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 International draft plan to UAV regulation, Official Registration and Aircraft Certificate is
required

GPS High Power Supply

Signals
for UAV + Plasma
laser Power Plant

GPS Receiver Autopilot Air Vehicle

with LASER

Command Multiracial- SAT. Telemetry Digital Photo Camera

Receiver modem Transmitter Ignition Control

Flight UAV Position Data

program Control Data
Operation Graph
commands
Display &
Indication

Ground
Ground Control
Command Data Telemetry
Transmit Terminal Receiver Control
l Element

Main Power Supply Standby Power Supply

Fig No. 2 “Angel Rainer” UAV System Design Diagram

6.1 HOW TO OPERATE THIS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ATMOSPHERE

Two drone air craft’s with high power laser are used in this operation. At first one drone goes up in
the atmosphere and will release two to six high power laser pulses in the upper atmospheric clouds. When
the fuel in the first drone is consumed it will come down to the ground and the second drone will go up in
the atmosphere with fuel and will release two to six high power laser pulses in the atmospheric clouds until
the fuel in this becomes low. After that the first drone will again go to the atmosphere with fuel and will do
the same. Likewise High power laser pulses will be released into the atmosphere continuously until the
artificial rain occurs in the atmosphere.

7
Fig No.3: Future plan for artificial rainmaking by high power laser pulse through transmission unit
from ground and control system by satellite

7. 0 Artificial Rain Making System Design Experiment

1. Recording of atmospheric parameters

Measurement of atmospheric parameters like percentage of humidity, temperature, and pressure and wind
velocity at different height before and after sending the laser pulse will be done by weather forecasting
system or satellite receiving systems.

Data to be recorded (before and after passing laser pulse)

Date :: ……… Day :: ………. Time:: …….AM ……..PM Location :: ………..

INTENSITY OF LASER BEAM= ----- J (wave length λ, nm)

Sr. Heights % of Humidity Wind Velocity % liquid water Temperature Pressure

No (mts) content
.
Before after Before after Before after Before after Before After

1 100

2 200

3 300

4 400

5 500

6 Average

In this way we will record the above parameters by sending a laser of particular wavelength and then we
will vary the wavelength of laser Pulse and record the same parameters so that we will get the data for
ready reference for artificial rain making at that particular place.
8
2. Observation of cloud condensation and precipitation formation

We will record videos and pictures of cloud condensation and precipitation by cameras before, during and
after laser induced precipitation.

3. Measuring liquid water content in the cloud

Liquid water content in the clouds will be measured by sending quad-opted at various heights (remote
controlled from the ground).

4. Laser experiment

After recording atmospheric parameters and water content of the clouds on any given day at a particular
date, time and location; we will start our experiment by sending different wavelength of lasers and
recording the resulting precipitation using rain gauge.

For example, on a given day after recording percentage of humidity, temperature, and pressure and wind
velocity; we will send laser pulse of various intensity and different wavelengths and note the resulting
precipitation. We will get the following information:

INTENSITY OF LASER
BEAM= ----- nm (wave length λ)

Sr. No. Horizontal distance of rain gauge station from Rain fall in mm
laser instrument in Meter
1 200
2 400
3 600
4 800
5 1000
6 1200
7 1400
8 1600
Average Rain fall in (mm)

In this way we will record the above various parameters by passing a laser pulse of particular wavelength
and then we will vary the wavelength of laser Pulse and will record the average rain fall at different rain
gauge stations so that we can get the optimum value of wavelength and intensity of the laser Pulse which
will give the maximum average rain fall.

8. Analysis

At any given level of humidity range, we will have the data of laser intensity (wavelength) versus % of
water drop formation. After calculating optimum laser intensity at a given humidity range, we will analyze
the relationship between humidity range and optimal wavelength to cause precipitation at that humidity
range. This reading will help us design the final laser induced rain making system optimized to cause
maximum possible rainfall at a given level of humidity

9
9 .0 Conclusions: -

a) Natural Lightning Phenomena, practically proved in the laboratory, as high power laser
induce condensation and also observed NO & O3 formation after laser shouts in clouds
chamber which is endothermic reactions. It is well known that, in the laboratory, high
power laser induce condensation and tiny water drops are formed , But can these tiny
water particles, be converted in to big size rain drops in the atmosphere ?........yes!

b) In the atmosphere, after lightning, heavy rain fall occur. In lightning phenomena
condensation takes place by initiating endothermic reactions and tiny water drops formed
these tiny water drops collide with each other due to acceleration and turbulence by wind
force to form big rain drops, these rain drops act as natural seeding for another sets of
rain drops . In this way, chain process occurs with heavy rain fall.

c) Now it is clear that the water drops formed after lightning/Laser is due to condensation
by endothermic reaction’ these natural lighting phenomena can be used for artificial
rainmaking by using high power laser through drone air craft control system in the
atmosphere.

d) If the power of laser is increased to petawatt (1015 watts) or exawatt (1018 watts) level it is
possible to create larger water droplets. These powerful lasers are commercially available.

e) After sending high power laser pulse through drone air craft remote control system. We
intend to create water rain drops by initiating endothermic reactions in the parcel cloud
these new raindrops will again act as natural seeding. In this way, chain process occurs to
give maximum artificial rainfall, which will be commercially used for domestic and
industrial purposes.

f) If materializes, our future plan is to fixed data in the computer software and providing
same to satellite (Fig.3) for causing maximum rain fall at any place, at any time, as per our
human need, for green revolution, in the whole world.

g) This process is economical, harmfulness, eco-friendly and can be switched on and off by
remote control from the ground. It is most useful for human being, particularly for
farmers. Hence suicides of farmers can be stopped.

h) One additional use of this process is that the excess rainfall may be stopped by the same
drone system by releasing low intensity laser into the clouds in the atmosphere during
excess rainfall which will make the excess rain clouds to evaporate and will make them
disappear from the excess rainfall area.

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10. 0 References: -

1. Battan L. J., (1981) Radar observation of atmosphere, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
2. Braun A., Korn G., Liu X., Du D., Squier J. and Mourou G., (1995) Self-channeling of high- peak power
femtosecond laser pulses in air, Opt. Lett. 20, 73-75.
3. Carls J.C. and Brock J.R., (1987) Explosion of a water droplet by pulsed laser heating, Aerosol Sci.
Technol., 7(1), 79-90.

4. Chopkar S.K., (1993) Effect of endothermic reactions associated with

lightning on atmospheric chemistry, Indian J. Radio Space Phys. 22, 128-
131.
5. Chopkar S.K. and Chakrabarty D.K., (2008) Artificial rainmaking system in a way of natural
phenomena, Indian J. Sci. Technol. 1(6), 1-5. http://www.indjst.org.
6. Chopkar S.K., Chakrabarty D.K., Sonbawane S.M., Bakal R.L., Chopkar P.S., Pandurang Hariom and
Pimpalkhute J.S. (2010) “Artificial Rainmaking by Laser System”, International Journal of
Meteorology, 35, (355), 363-370 (U.K.).
7. Chopkar S.k., Sonbawne S.M., Aniket Dhone, Chopkar P.S.,(2012) “ Economical and Non-Pollute
System for Artificial Rainmaking by Laser Pulse in a way of natural phenomena” Indian Journal of
Innovation Development, 1(3),(March 2012).
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artificial rain”, Presented at 4th International Conference on Computer and Devices for
Communication, CODEC 2009 at Kolkata in December 2009 and Published in IEEE X-plore Digital
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of natural phenomena” Presented at National Space Science Symposium-2012 organized by ISRO
and Shri Venkateshwara University, Tirupati (A.P.) and published in Conference Proceedings,
ARWPCC-2012
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rainmaking by endothermic reactions due to plasma laser &UV radiation in the atmosphere”
International journal of information technology and Business Management,2014,Vol21,No.1,2012-
2014,JITARF,www.jitbm.com
11. Chopkar S.K.,Chakrabarty D.K.,Aniket Dhone,Chopkar P.S., Gangakhedakar K.S.” Atmospheric
Artificial Rainmaking and Cloud Formation by endothermic reactions using satellite Model”
VATAVARAN,AFAC,Journal of Meteorology,2013,vol. 37, Issue1
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11
20. Rohwetter P., Kasparian J., Stelmaszczyk K., Hao Z., Henin S., Lascoux N., Nakaema W. M., Petit Y.,
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formation from wet ambient air, Proc. Jpn. Acad. Sci. B 83, 320-

11.0 APPENDIX: -

The energy of a laser beam of wavelength λ is hν (ν = 1/λ and h is Planck’s constant). We will shoot
laser pulse in the atmosphere and dissociate (break bonds of) N2 and O2 as follows:
N2 + hν → N* + N (1)
O2 + hν → O* + O (2)
Bond energy of N2 = 226 kcal/mole.
1 cal = 4.184 Joule, Avogadro number = 6x1023
Therefore energy required to break 1 molecule of N2 = 226x103x4.184/(6x1023) = 1.58x10-18
Joule. Bond energy of O2 = 96 kcal/mole.
Therefore energy required to break 1 molecule of O2 = 96x103x4.184/ (6x1023) = 0.67x10-18 Joule.
So the total energy required for breaking 1 molecule of N2 and 1 molecule of O2 will be (1.58x10-18 +
0.67x10-18) = 2.25x10-18 Joule.

When a laser pulse is shot in the atmosphere, it may ionize N2 and O2 as follows:

N2 + hν → N2+ + e- ………….. (3)

O2 + hν → O2+ + e- ………….. (4)

Ionizing potential of N2 = 15.58 ev = 2.49x10-

18
Joule Ionizing potential of O2 = 12.2 ev =
1.95x10-18Joule.
So the total energy required to ionize 1 molecule of N2 and 1 molecule of
O2 is 2.49x10-18Joule +1.95x10-18Joule = 4.44x10-18 Joule.
The above calculation shows that the energy required to dissociate 1 molecule of N2 and 1 molecule of
O2 is about half of that required to ionize them

12
 12 Flow chart for Novel Technology to create artificial rain making by plasma
Laser pulse in a way of Natural lightning phenomena.

* It is well known that after lightning precipitation is formed and heavy rainfall occurs. These
Lightning phenomena cause by endothermic reactions

 Lightning creates high temperature; at high temperature bonds of Nitrogen N2 (78%) and
Oxygen O2 (21%) break out into excide N* and excide O*.


 These excide N* and excide O* react to each other and NO and O3 are formed.
N2 + O2 → 2NO - ∆H (43.2kCal/mol)
O2 + O* → O3- ∆H (67.7kCal/mol)
 After NO and O3 formation endothermic reactions take place. In these endothermic reactions
large amount of heat energy is absorbed from the surrounding atmospheric clouds. Condensation
take place in the atmosphere .Condensation is the basic need for water drops formation.

 After that Condensation takes place and precipitation is formed with heavy rainfall after
lightning. It is a well-known process in the atmosphere.

 These natural lightning phenomena will be used for artificial rainmaking by using plasma laser pulse
initiating endothermic reactions in a way of natural lightning phenomena in the atmosphere.

 These natural lightning phenomena were practically proved in the laboratory as well as in the
Atmosphere up to 30m height.

 These natural lightning phenomena were practically proved in the laboratory as High power laser
induce condensation and observed NO & O3 formation after laser shouts; which are endothermic
reactions.

 High power laser induce condensation and tiny water drops are formed practically in the
laboratory experiment.

 These tiny water drop particles are converted into rain drops by acceleration and turbulence due to
wind force in the atmosphere.

 In foreign countries above technology is practically proved and successfully experimented and is
known as “Laser makes rain”.

 Recently in Florida University, USA, 7.5million dollar was sanctioned for developing this
novel technology.

 In India, we would like to start” International Rainmaking Research Centre” for development of this
technology under Government of India.




 Project proposal is ready “To design artificial rainmaking system by plasma laser pulse
initiating endothermic reactions in a way of natural lightning phenomena through Drone
Aircraft remote control in the atmosphere. 


 This process is economical, harmfulness and eco-friendly and can be switched on and off by remote
control from the ground. It is most useful for human being, particularly for farmers. Hence suicides
of farmers can be stopped.

 Please search on Google web as “Artificial Rainmaking by Endothermic reactions”.


 This technology is awarded National and International patent. Our research paper has been
published in National and International Journal.


Refer publish research paper “Artificial Rainmaking system” in international journal of
meteorology www.ijmet.org and other national and international publication research papers also.

 Our aim “When and where, artificial rain making as per human needs for Green revolution in
the whole world”.


 One additional use of this process is that the excess rainfall may be stopped by the same drone
system by releasing low intensity laser into the clouds in the atmosphere during excess rainfall
which will make the excess rain clouds to evaporate and will make them disappear from the
excess rainfall area.

14
 Budget for the Project proposal
“To Design Artificial Rainmaking by using High power laser initiation endothermic reaction, in a way
of Natural Lightning Phenomena Through drone air craft remote control system, in the atmosphere

BUDGET ESTIMATES :( Rs in Lack) (A+B+C+D +E)

Sr. Items Budget
No
1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year Total
1 Salaries / wages 67.80 67.80 67.80 203.40 lack
2 Equipment 3840 0 0 3840 lack
3 Consumables 130 90 90 310 lack
4 Travel 190 110 110 410 lack
5 Contingencies 20 20 20 60 lack
6 Patent file & 125 45 45 215 Lack
consultant fees
7 Overhead 30 30 30 90 lack
expenses
Total 4402.8lack 362.80 lack 362.80 lack 5128.40 lack

Grand Total cost of project for three years 51.28 corer (75,65,816 Dollar)
(A) BUDGET FOR SALARY / WAGES:
Sr. Designation Scale of Monthly No. 1st Year 2nd year 3rd Year Total
No pay emolument

1 Sr. Class 1 1.20 lack 1 14.40 lack 14.40 lack 14.40 lack 43.20 lack
Scientist
2 Asst. Class -2 0.8 lack 1 9.6 lack 9.6 lack 9.6 lack 28.,80
Scientist lack
3. Jr. Scientist Class -3 0.5 lack 2 12 lack 12 lack 12 lack 36 lack
4. Lab Helper Class-4 0.25 lack 3 9 lack 9 lack 9 lack 27 lack
5. Skilled Class-4 0.2 lack 5 12 lack 12 lack 12 lack 36 lack
Labor
Non- Class-4 0.15 lack 6 10.8 lack 10.8 lack 10.8 lack 32.40 lack
6. Skilled
Labor
Total 67.80 lack 67.80 lack 67.80 lack 203.4 lack

(B) BUDEGT FOR EQUIPMENT:

Sr. Equipment/ Accessories Make & Imported Estimated Cost F.E Component
No Model /Indigenous
1 High power laser Imported 1550 Lack
Instrument with
Transportation
2 Drone Air Craft Imported 1250 Lack
Instruments
2 Construction cost for Indigenous 250 Lack
equipment &Camp/Mobile
Van Two No’s
3 High power electric supply Indigenous 250 Lack
point./Fuel Materials
4 Precipitation &atmospheric Indigenous 300 Lack
parameters measuring /imported
15
 instrument etc
6 Natural Lighting Protector Indigenous 120 Lack
Unit, as Conductor with /imported
earthling for Laser
Instrument.
7 Construction of Guest 120 Lack
House over Experimental
Field.
Total 3840 Lack

(C) CONSUMABLE ITEMS

S No Items QTY Budget
st
1 year 2nd Year 3rd Year Total
150
1 Electric supply for high power laser D.C 50 Lakh 50 Lack 50 Lakh Lakh
producer/Fuel materials
2 Stationary & other misalliance 40 Lakh 10 Lack 10 Lakh 60 Lack
equipment
3 Chemicals for testing or Analysis 20 Lakh 10 Lack 10 Lakh 40 Lack
4 Petrol/Diesel for transport 10 Lakh 10 Lack 10 Lakh 30 lack
5 Mess/Flooding Expenditure for Guest 10 Lakh 10 Lack 10 Lakh 30 Lack
and Employees at Experiment Field
Total 130 lack 90 lack 90 lakh 310 lakh

(D) BUDGET FOR TRAVEL:

Sr No Description Budget
st
1 year 2 Year 3rd Year
nd Total
1 Conference for advance 70 Lakh 40 Lack 40 Lack 150 Lack
technology for discussion
and suggestion
2 Visit of top scientists to 30 Lakh 20 Lack 20 Lack 70 Lack
project for various
suggestion
3 Vehicle purchase for 90 Lakh 50 Lack 50 Lack 190 Lack
transport Two van and two
motor cycles and
maintenance

Total 190 lac 110 lack 110 lack 410 lack

(E) BUDGET FOR Patent file &Consultant fees: -

S.No Description Budget
1st year 2nd Year 3rd Year Total
1 National & International 85 Lakh 05 Lack 05 Lack 95 Lack
Patent file expenditure
2 Consultant fees / Expert 40 Lakh 40 Lack 40 Lack 120 Lack
guidance Service charges

Total 125 lack 45 lack 45 lack 215 lack

16
“To Design Artificial Rainmaking by using High power laser initiation endothermic reaction, in a way of
Natural Lightning Phenomena Through drone air craft remote control system, in the atmosphere”
(Work-Plan (Three years)
This work plan will be executed after sanctioning of the project and depositing the fund in the joint
account of Head of the institution and Principal investigator.

First Year

1-4 Months 5-8 Months 9-12 Months

1. Publishing the advertisement 1. Inviting experts from the 1. Organization of two days
for the appointment of scientists, concerned areas for table national conference on the
skilled and non-skilled workers in discussion on the project theme of the project
the reputed news paper. 2. Comparative statements of 1. Accessories , assembly and
2. Demand for different the received quotations for installment of received
instruments to different venders different instruments. instruments on the mobile
3. Selection of proper site and 3. Purchase order of proper van and their testing
arrangement of electricity, road, instrument to proper .
guest house etc. manufacturing company
4. Completion of point no. 3
from the first three months.
Second Year

1-4 Months 5-8 Months 9-12 Months

1. carrying experiments on the 1. Inviting experts from the 1. Analysis of the
selected site and recording the concerned areas for table observations taken
observations discussion on the observations 2. Interpretation of the data
taken 3. Publication of the result in
2. Carrying experiments on the the reputed national and
selected site and recording the international journals
observations as per the direction
given by the experts
Third Year

1-4 Months 5-8 Months 9-12 Months

1. Analysis of the observations 1. Compilation of the data in 1. Filing the patent for the
taken computer software and artificial rainmaking system
2. Interpretation of the data commercialization of the same 2. Appeal to the Indian
3. Publication of the result in the for the benefit of society. government and other
reputed national and countries to utilize this
international journals project for the benefit of
Humankind.

BY
ATMOSPHERIC RAIN MAKING RESEARCH SOCIETY, NAGPUR
39, SANTRA MARKET, NEAR RS
HOTEL, NAGPUR-440018,
MAHARASTRA(INDIA).
MOBILE NO. 09420445108
EMAIL ID:- [email protected]
Web site-www.arrindia.org

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