GREEN COMPUTING

UNIT IV
GREEN
COMPLIANCE

SUBJECT CODE:CS8078
Dr. P. Chitra
D E PA RT M E N T / C L A S S : I T / I V
Department of Information Technology
SEMESTER:07 Meenakshi Sundararajan Engineering College
 UNIT IV GREEN COMPLIANCE

TOPICS

1. Socio-cultural aspects of Green IT

2. Green Enterprise Transformation Roadmap
3. Green Compliance: Protocols, Standards, and Audits
4. Emergent Carbon Issues: Technologies and Future.

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 UNIT IV GREEN COMPLIANCE

1. Socio-cultural aspects of Green IT

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1. Socio-cultural aspects of Green IT

Green IT social implications are often subjective because different individuals are impacted differently
by the green transformation of the enterprise.
For example,
• Those employees with families and who need to travel significant physical distances in peak hour
traffic may make extensive use of remote access and mobile computing to work from home.
• HR will enable separation and definition of these roles based on the familiarity of individuals with
this mode of work as well as identification of roles within the organization that are noncustomer
facing.
• Adding to the complexity of this social dimension of Green IT is the fact that the multiple
stakeholders have different interests, are operating at different levels, and progress at varying
speeds.

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1. Socio-cultural aspects of Green IT

Relative speed of change

in green enterprise
transformation

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1. Socio-cultural aspects of Green IT
• The society, government, industry sector, and the organization
are all involved in and affected by the changes resulting from
Green IT at different levels and at varying speeds.
• Department or business unit within the organization is more
agile as compared with the organization
• Individual employees within those business units can change
almost immediately if they decide to do so. The attitudes and
preferences of individuals come into play at this level.
• While personal preferences can change for each individual
quickly, they also provide a major challenge due to their
subjective nature and, at times, due to vested interests taking
preference over carbon reduction.
DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE
1. Socio-cultural aspects of Green IT
• Effectiveness of green transformation changes depend on this
leadership changes at an industrial level, the leaders and decision
makers of the organization play an important role in discussing,
debating, and arriving at consensus on policies and practices that
can be adopted by consortium of green organizations.
• Green transformation of an entire society involves green ethics,
morals, value systems, and attitude across multiple layers of
people.
• It is makes environmental changes for the society even more
complicated than organizational and governmental changes. Ā us,
while a government can bring about changes through ratification of
agreements and converting them into law, the changes in the
society are based on protocols and understanding that is “in
grown.”
DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE
1. Socio-cultural aspects of Green IT

• Initial efforts at green transformation by business units present the social challenge of resistance to change
the way in which policies, protocols, and practices of Green IT are interpreted in the banking domain are
likely to be diff erent to those in the mining sector.
• Individuals in banks may focus on optimizing the processes relating to financial transactions
• Individuals in a mine would focus on the way in which it drills and extracts metal or oil.
• Staff in a hospital will interpret the green initiative with due consideration to patient care and biowastage
• The education sector where the focus will be on laptops and networks used in schoolwork.
• Government is also involved in these activities and interpretations with various industry sectors: supporting
common outcomes, providing incentives, agreeing of commonly accepted penalties, and facilitating
transition arrangements

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1. Socio-cultural aspects of Green IT
Views of Various Cross-
Sections of Society

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1. Socio-cultural aspects of Green IT
Views of Various Cross-
Sections of Society

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1. Socio-cultural aspects of Green IT
Role-Based View of Green IT

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1. Socio-cultural aspects of Green IT
Role-Based View of Green IT

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1. Socio-cultural aspects of Green IT
Role-Based View of Green IT

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1. Socio-cultural aspects of Green IT
Green IT influencing working lifestyle.

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1. Socio-cultural aspects of Green IT
Green IT influencing working lifestyle.

• Gap between the place of work and that of residence is bridged through various means.
• Physical commuting (the normal, standard way of working) followed by land-based or wired means of
communications and, eventually, totally location-independent mobile communications.
• Use of these varied communication mechanisms have direct bearing on the carbon contents of the
processes followed by these employees.
• Mobility enables the office itself to be location-independent; therefore, it is not uncommon to have an
employee working out of a client site, a vendor site, or any other location that is not a fixed office
location.
• Knowledge workers (e.g., consultants) or service providers (e.g., telecom engineers or insurance agents
making site visits) can easily work through a “mobile office.”
• Such a mobile office, which is also a virtual office, can provide immense carbon benefits coupled with social
benefits.

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1. Socio-cultural aspects of Green IT
Green IT influencing working lifestyle.

Energy saved from reduced commuting to and from work or by completing a sales transaction on the spot
using a mobile device also needs to be calculated and accounted for

Collaborative technologies
• Desktop sharing, image sharing as also facilitate social networking tools such as blogs, Wikis, Twitter, and
Facebook
• Virtual desktop facilitates collaborative use of resources to enable sharing of work amongst people. Such
collaborative tools enable sharing of tasks, quicker time to completion, and, as a result, less carbon.
• Collaboration also changes the social dynamics within and outside of the organization.
• Change include corresponding changes to workplace relationships, elements of HR policies and practices, as
well as legal and ethical responsibilities of both the organization and the workers.

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1. Socio-cultural aspects of Green IT
Green User Practices

• Videoconferencing, telecommuting/teleworking, fleet and field force management, web, and

use of collaboration tools such as emails and mobile phones/PDAs.
• Use of mobile technologies will reduce commuting and thereby reduce carbon footprint.
• Videoconferencing is increasingly on the use, especially as the costs associated with it are
dropping rapidly.
• Technology can thus be used to better communicate with a group that may be geographically
dispersed.
• Care should be taken, however, to balance the carbon savings due to the use of
videoconferencing (such as fuel costs associated with vehicles or airplanes) versus the carbon
generated as a result of videoconferencing itself.

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1. Socio-cultural aspects of Green IT
Subjectivity in Green IT arises from differencing priorities of the same individual

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1. Socio-cultural aspects of Green IT
Personalization of the green context by end-users leads to change in attitude

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1. Socio-cultural aspects of Green IT
Green IT Ethics and Code of Conduct

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1. Socio-cultural aspects of Green IT
Green IT Ethics and Code of Conduct
Organization following the Green IT code of conduct will:
1. Agree to a fundamental obligation of businesses to reduce carbon emissions in all their activities.
2. Conform to total honesty in recording, analyzing, and reporting of carbon data—both manually and through IT
systems.
3. Ensure that the effort to reduce carbon is undertaken in a socially responsible way and with no harm to people
involved in the reduction attempt (this is particularly important in the hospital sector).
4. Ensure ongoing effort at all levels of IT—architecture, design, development, testing, deployment, and
maintenance—of hardware, software, and networks—to reduce their carbon emission (this code goes beyond the
operation and maintenance and also focuses on the design aspects of IT hardware and systems).
5. Ensure ongoing effort to reduce carbon in procurement, operation, and disposal.
6. Promote confidentiality and integrity within the organization and the IT profession (this will nurture public trust and
confidence).
7. Maintain security and confidentiality of carbon data and information (within the organization and the way this data
interfaced with the regulatory and compliance portals).

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1. Socio-cultural aspects of Green IT
Green IT Ethics and Code of Conduct

8. Make the carbon data available publically.

9. Avoid green washing or incorrect promotion of the organization’s carbon reduction effort.
10. Contribute toward development of Green IT standards worldwide and their application in practice.
11. Ensure participation in industry and research surveys including workshops to increase the overall body of
knowledge.
12. Attempt to use all emerging technologies to reduce existing carbon emissions and prevent increase in carbon
emissions due to future business activities.
13. Endeavor to maintain validity of carbon data by subjecting itself to regular reviews and audits.
14. Maintain the security and privacy of carbon data.
15. Honor contracts, responsibilities, protocols, and agreements associated with Green IT and carbon trading.

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1. Socio-cultural aspects of Green IT
Green IT Ethics and Code of Conduct
16. Promote public understanding of the issues related to
carbon emissions particularly in the context of the
industry sector in which the individual/organization
operates.
17. Prioritize all business activities based on their ability to
reduce carbon emissions.
18. Adhere to these ethics and endeavor to create values that
are based on the new green order of things.
19. Ensure high level of competency in all carbon-related
activities of the organization such as measurement and
reporting of carbon data.
20. Honestly represent “skills, knowledge, service and
product” relating to carbon.
21. Endeavor to interact with other disciplines within the
organization to reduce the overall carbon footprint.

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1. Socio-cultural aspects of Green IT
Green HR and Changing Organizational Structures
• Changing skill sets of highly skilled workers
with advanced problem solving, superior
communication skills, and the ability to
leverage on Green IT is within the domain of
HR to study and implement.
• Opportunities to adopt Green IT occur as
changes to the knowledge worker assembly
line are required in response to changing
markets and business dynamics

Evolving green HR.

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1. Socio-cultural aspects of Green IT
Green HR and Changing Organizational Structures

CGO (also referred to as CSO) remains at the helm, responsible

for managing the transformation to a green enterprise

environmental manager forms the next tier in a green HR

setup. Ā ey have a
department level focus, and are dealing with metrics and
measurement (compliance) issues

environmental offi ces have a very practical, operational focus

Organizing the green HR function.

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1. Socio-cultural aspects of Green IT
Green-Collar Workers: Roles and Skill Sets

• Green-collar workers are the ones that are associated directly or indirectly with an organization’s endeavor to
become a green organization
• Properly defined green-collar roles reduce friction amongst staff and support Green IT initiatives.

Roles played by these green-collar workers

• Newly created within the organization and that are specific to the green initiatives of the organization (such as a
green transformation champion).
• Exist within the organization but are modified to befit the green organizational initiatives (such as a green
business analyst).
• External roles that deal with the specification of carbon levels, and audits of its compliance (e.g., an external
carbon regulator).

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1. Socio-cultural aspects of Green IT
Skills Framework for Information Age (SFIA) and Green HR

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1. Socio-cultural aspects of Green IT
Skills Framework for Information Age (SFIA) and Green HR

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1. Socio-cultural aspects of Green IT
Basic to strategic spectrum of green analysis work and corresponding SFIA levels.

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 UNIT IV GREEN COMPLIANCE

2. Green Enterprise Transformation Roadmap

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Green Enterprise Transformation Roadmap
Two types of frameworks

(a) Green ICT framework and its various elements that help understand and model the enterprise—in its “as is”

and “to be” state. This framework is similar to the popular enterprise architecture frameworks such as

Zachman (1987) and TOGAF (2010). It is a relatively static model of the organization that shows the structure

and dynamics of the organization.

(b) GET process—this is also a framework, but a process framework that is used for undertaking the

transformation process; this process outlines the activities and tasks and deliverables and roles of the

organization that are involved in the transformation process. It is a dynamic, flowing model that describes how

to engender change.

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Green Enterprise Transformation Roadmap
Green Enterprise Transformation

• Holistic, integrated
organization with its
priorities set right
An organization that is • An organization with
represented as its costs, carbon, and
potentially customers priorities
a carbon-ineffective, in agreement with
disjointed organization. each other

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Green Enterprise Transformation Roadmap
Green Enterprise Transformation

• GET process needs to be a well thought out process that helps identify the
 Business goals
 Current structure
 maturity of the business
 steps to be undertaken

• To become a new, cohesive, agile, efficient, and collaborative green business.

A GET is planned and executed

• Along the four dimensions of an organization facilitate its transformation from where it is to its future green state.
• To bring about that change, a business can be modeled and understood in various ways and through multiple
dimensions as a part of its transformation.

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Green IT Drivers UNIT I
Drivers impact the underlying motivations of a
business for its environmental responsibility
six separate yet interrelated areas are seen.
Strategies, policies, design, implementation, and
practice of Green IT are primarily driven by
one or more combination of these Drivers.

Drivers and the corresponding Green IT framework.

1. Costs (Energy, Operational)
2. Regulatory and Legal
3. Sociocultural and Political
4. Enlightened Self-Interest
5. Responsible Business Ecosystem
6. New Market Opportunities

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Green IT Business Dimensions (Factors) UNIT I
Economy, people, processes, and technology provide the four core dimensions of an organization along which it can
change. Dimensions can also be understood as the factors that will change as the organization changes.
1. Economy
2. Technologies
3. Processes
4. People

Environmentally
Responsible Business
Strategies (ERBS)
DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Green Enterprise Transformation Roadmap
Applying the four dimensions to GET.

National
greenhouse and
energy reporting

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Green Enterprise Transformation Roadmap
Applying the four dimensions to GET.

1. Influence of Economic Dimension on GET

• Financial position, the changes to its budgets, product portfolio, and return on investment (ROI) calculation
• Changes to the business model, its investment strategies, its customer relationships and its partner management
• Financial tracking, monitoring of ROI and impact of GET on the organization’s financial position

2. Influence of Technical Dimension on GET

• Technologies including hardware, software, databases, and networks undergo Changes
• Organization strives to reduce carbon emissions related to desktop machines and personal devices, data servers, ICT-
based systems and their usage, underlying network infrastructure, and security protocols
• Internet-based communications protocols, semantic web, mobile, and Cloud computing are also all offering potential
for carbon efficiency

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Green Enterprise Transformation Roadmap
Applying the four dimensions to GET.

3. Influence of Process Dimension on GET

• Dealing with “how” the business conducts its transactions
• Both internal and external processes of the organization changes to the way the business interacts with the customers
• The way in which it manages its employees and the way it sets up and conducts collaborations with other business
partners.
4. Influence of Social Dimension on GET
• Deals with the sociocultural changes
• Encourages the transformation champion to focus greater interest in the people aspect of transformation
• People include the clients, employees, and other “users” of the business.
• Including telecommuting, telemarketing, and their resultant impact on the organizational and social Structures
• Require training and positive attitude from the staff
• Both performance and functionality need to be kept in balance during transformation.

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Green Enterprise Transformation Roadmap
A GET is a mix of the four dimensions

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Green Enterprise Transformation Roadmap
Business Transformation Considerations of the Four Dimensions at Individual, Organizational, and Collaborative Levels

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Green Enterprise Transformation Roadmap
GET needs roadmap and supporting metrics: transformation becomes operation

For a successful green

operational aspect,
there is a need to create
the roadmap and the
metrics.

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Green Enterprise Transformation Roadmap
A Green ICT Framework

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Green Enterprise Transformation Roadmap
The Green Transformation Process

Basic Green transformation framework

1. identify the current status of the organization and
enlist the goals of GET—these goals will be identified,
updated, and finalized through the diagnosis work;
2. Add justification for the project using ROI calculations
within a business case;
3. Provide target metrics (i.e., values for KPIs) for the
organization’s “to-be” state;
4. Organize the actual GET program;
5. Provide the basis for the pathway/road map or project
plan for transformation;
6. Undertake (or enact) the actual transformation;
7. Review whether the KPIs have been achieved or not;
8. Promote the success along the individual,
departmental, and organizational level

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Green Enterprise Transformation Roadmap
Organizational Focus Areas for GET

The GET
process maps
to the eight
focus areas
DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Green Enterprise Transformation Roadmap
Organizational Focus Areas for GET

Focus areas, or work areas, for GET

1. Business Model—which deals with the way a business is organized.
2. Product and Service Portfolio—provides an overall summary of the offerings of the business.
3. Customers and Partners—describes the external parties interacting with the business.
4. ICT Systems, Applications, and Databases—includes the technological changes in the software systems and
technologies of the business
5. Operational, Organizational—handles the internal parties such as employees and management, and their reporting
hierarchies, within the business
6. Business Processes—model and describe the way in which all activities of the business are sequenced and carried out
7. Networks and Infrastructure—focus on the underlying communications technologies used by the business
8. Regulatory—deals with legal, accounting, and financial aspects of the business

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Green Enterprise Transformation Roadmap
A List of Work Area
of the Business,
Corresponding Key
Stakeholders and
Their Chief Interest
in the GET

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Green Enterprise Transformation Roadmap
Green IT Project Roles

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Green Enterprise Transformation Roadmap
Green Enterprise Transformation Champion (GTC)
• Formalizing the leadership and constitution of the GETB • Coordination and management of GET resources, as
• Identifying the current Green maturity state of the well as the organizational resources undergoing
organization based on Green metrics transformation. Ā is will be done in conjunction with
• Benchmarking best practice goals for the organization that Green HR
describe its “to be” state • Coordinate implementation of changes through change
• Manage budgets management processes across the various focus areas
• Organizing the creation of a project management plan for of the business
GET. Plan will contain detailed resource and time • Balance the “driving dimension” of GET with other
management tasks together with people and deliverables dimensions—this requires the balancing
• Creation of an approach to risk management for GET that • of economic, social, technical and process, dimensions
is based on priorities of the organization, its lead as the transformation proceeds
dimension, and so on • Track progress and of the GET project
• Stakeholder management including expectation • Astute use of the tools, technologies, and processes of
management of the board, related external parties, and GET
the society
• Report progress on the GET to the corporate board
• Monitor KPIs

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Green Enterprise Transformation Roadmap
Green IT Transformation—Deliverables

1. Green IT Business Case—documents the ROI, the budgets, and

overall justification for the project
2. Enterprise Emission Measures—documents the existing carbon
emissions across the organization
3. Green Enterprise Emission Measures—resulting at the end of the
GET
4. Enterprise Architecture Document—that documents the enterprise
architecture, using an existing or modified framework
5. SLA
6. Various docs relating to suppliers; outsourcing partners; legal

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Green Enterprise Transformation Roadmap
Diagnosing
equipment
lifecycle’s
carbon
efficiencies

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Green Enterprise Transformation Roadmap
Diagnosing
end-user
computing’s
carbon
efficiencies

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Green Enterprise Transformation Roadmap
Diagnosing
data center
carbon
efficiencies

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Green Enterprise Transformation Roadmap
Diagnosing
efficiencies of
IT as a low
carbon enabler
across the
organization

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Green Enterprise Transformation Roadmap
Planning
enterprise
lifecycle Green IT
transformation

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Green Enterprise Transformation Roadmap
Enterprise Lifecycle Plan
Planning for Green IT efficiencies in enterprise lifecycle involve
planning for efficient procurement, management, and disposal of
equipment as well products.

ROLES and ACTIVITIES for the planning process for the equipment
Challenges
lifecycle efficiencies are as follows:
• Procurement, disposal lifecycle is an integral part of
• Green IT Champion
overall business—especially in a production
• Business Management
environment (as against a service environment).
• IT Governance
• Changes to SLAs with external parties/business
• Corporate Governance
partners require upfront planning.
Input
Green IT Business Case: Includes justification for the new equipments,
their TCCO, and replacement costs.

Output
1. Green IT Transformation Plan
2. Procurement and Disposal Plan
3. SLA: With Business Partners/External Parties
DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Green Enterprise Transformation Roadmap
Planning
end-user
Green IT
transformation

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Green Enterprise Transformation Roadmap
Planning
data center
Green IT
transformation

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Green Enterprise Transformation Roadmap
Planning
enterprise
transformation
enabled by IT

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

UNIT IV GREEN COMPLIANCE

3. Green Compliance:
Protocols, Standards, and Audits

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

3. Green Compliance: Protocols, Standards, and Audits

• Protocols, standards, and legislations are a result of discussions and debates at various forums and summits where the
political, social, and business world converged under the climate change agenda
• Various countries and regions interpret the need to reduce carbon differently.
• Variation is based on a number of factors such as the physical location, demographics, political will of the government,
public opinion, economic and social development of the region, and the state of the industry

Carbon Emissions Management Software (CEMS)

• Carbon Emissions Management Software (CEMS) specifi cally developed for managing carbon performance of an
organization is used to measure, monitor, and report on the organization’s carbon performance both internally and to
the regulatory bodies.
• Importance of CEMS subjects it to audits as well.

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

3. Green Compliance: Protocols, Standards, and Audits
Protocols and Standards
Green IT, green business, and industrial verticals in which the business exists are all infl uenced
by the government and regulatory bodies

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

3. Green Compliance: Protocols, Standards, and Audits
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC, Rio)
One of the earliest protocols that highlighted the role of climate change and brought about some
action came from the Rio summit in 1992.

While the protocol or “framework” arising from that convention does not contain any binding laws, the summit itself
generated global awareness of the challenges of climate change and created opportunities for countries to sign and, in
case of many countries, ratify the convention.

• Rio summit paved the path for ensuing global summits at Kyoto and at Copenhagen
• These summits continue to substantially raise the public, political, and corporate awareness, results are not binding
unless they are specifically ratified by participating countries.

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

3. Green Compliance: Protocols, Standards, and Audits
Kyoto Protocol
Objective of Kyoto Protocol was “stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that
would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.”

Kyoto Protocol created a set of binding targets for 37 developed countries (also known as Annex I countries) along
with the European community for reducing GHG emissions

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

3. Green Compliance: Protocols, Standards, and Audits
Greenhouse Gas Protocol

Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHG

Protocol) is a widely known protocol
that has been adopted
by many government and business
leaders to understand, quantify, and
manage GHG emissions

Scope 1 emissions—direct emission

of GHGs by the organization

Scope 2 emissions— emissions form

the indirect consumption of energy
such as electricity.

Scope 3 emissions—GHG emissions

embedded in the supply chain of the
organization—primarily belonging to Emissions from a coal fired power station will be
the business partners • Scope 1 for that power station,
• but Scope 2 for a bank that is using that electricity to power its computers.
DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE
3. Green Compliance: Protocols, Standards, and Audits
Copenhagen

• Copenhagen summit resulted in an agreement by a large number of countries (138) to work toward keeping
global temperature increases to below 2°C.
• Summits and protocols pave the way for a global consensus, when it comes to implementing the agreements,
there is a need to commonly accepted standards.
• International Standards Organizations (ISO) has been active in this area and has produced a group of
standards associated with environmental sustainability in business whose business impacts are now
considered.

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

3. Green Compliance: Protocols, Standards, and Audits
The ISO 14000:2004 Family of STANDARDS

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

3. Green Compliance: Protocols, Standards, and Audits
Government Initiatives
Policy
Defining the environmental objectives of the organization (based on the drivers, and their combination)

Planning
• The economic, process, technology, and people factors required for the green organizational transformation
• Identification of the legal requirements and an approach to comply with them
• Environmental risk assessment
• Environmental intelligence repository (availability, budgets, etc. for CEMS and existing systems upgrade)
• Product/service lifecycle assessment

Implementation and operation

• Implementing environmental intelligence (EI) through CEMS
• Integration with existing ERP and related company systems
• Education and training programs for people
• Communication at all levels of management
• Potential HR changes (e.g., to company’s organizational chart)

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

3. Green Compliance: Protocols, Standards, and Audits
Government Initiatives

Checking and corrective action

• CEMS—measure, monitor, and mitigate
• Compliance audits
• Process optimization and maturity

Management review
• Reporting—internal and external
• Continuous improvement
• Monitoring external changes to drivers
• Monitoring internal changes to factors influence carbon performance
• Strategies for monetizing in future

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

3. Green Compliance: Protocols, Standards, and Audits
Government Initiatives
Compelling Regulation
• Legal and regulatory nature of the carbon compliance requirements are best fulfilled by adopting a standard,
implementing reliable metrics and measurements
• Accuracy in the method of collection and analysis of carbon data and audits provide the proof of environmental
performance

USA Energy Star—1992:

• Energy Star is a voluntary labelling program designed to identify and promote energy-efficient products.
• The ISO 14024 standard provides the basis for creating the environmental labelling of products.
• The Energy Star rating system is implemented by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE).
• These Energy Star labelled products have potentially saved billions of dollars over the last decade by enabling energy-
conscious decisions, especially by large businesses in procuring and operating products.

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

3. Green Compliance: Protocols, Standards, and Audits
Government Initiatives
EPEAT—Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool:
EPEAT certification is a means of standardizing electronic goods in terms of their environmental performance.
EPEAT provides information that is invaluable in setting up ongoing, large-scale IT procurement programs.
EPEAT-based labels on PCs and products enable development of procurement policies that are measurable through KPIs in
practice

EU RoHS—Restriction of Hazardous Substances Regulations:

• Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) regulates hazardous substances, including the one that are used in computer
and mobile manufactures.
• This legislation was passed by the European Union (EU) in 2006, setting a list of criteria that limited the amount of
hazardous substances that can be included in new electronic and electrical equipment.
• This restriction was aimed to ensure safety of users and eventually of people involved in disposal of these equipment’s—
as hazardous materials are required to be handled in both production and disposal.

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

3. Green Compliance: Protocols, Standards, and Audits
Government Initiatives

EU WEEE—Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations:

WEEE aims to reduce the amount of e-waste that occurs at the end of an equipment lifecycle.
WEEE dictates limits and methods for disposal of electronic waste (e-waste) and includes many alternatives such as reuse,
recovery, recycling, and treatment of the disposable wastes.
The WEEE regulations deal with separate collection, disposal, and recycling, standards for e-waste treatment at authorized
facilities; and collection, recycling, and recovery targets

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

3. Green IT Audits
Green IT Audits

• Green audit assess a company’s environmental credentials and its claims for green products and services
• Audits carry more value and legitimacy if they are carried out by recognized independent auditors.
• Green audits are very closely associated with metrics and measurements
• Green audits primarily validate that whatever is being reported in terms of carbon emissions is accurate and
sufficient.
• Green audits can also suggest areas for improvements in the organization’s compliance with standards as well as
legislations.
• Green audits can cover the regularity accuracy, calculations, analysis, reporting, and storage of carbon emission
data.
• Audits prove the validity of concrete carbon measures that enable comparison, justification, and optimization of an
organization’s green credentials.

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

3. Green Compliance: Protocols, Standards, and Audits
Measurements that needs to be verified and validated in a green audit

Measure—What is being measured? Is that measurement sufficient for reporting purposes?

Monitor—What is the mechanism to collect the data? Where are the meters located?
Sufficiency and accuracy of monitoring mechanisms.
Manage—Validate the feedback and management mechanisms of carbon data, information, and analysis.
Carbon management, governance standards, processes, and controls are audited in this area.
Mitigate—Is the measurement and reporting of carbon data also being used to reduce the emissions?
What are the systems in place for carbon mitigation and how well they are operating?
Audit in the area of mitigation will be mainly of interest to the internal stakeholders of the organization, but
will have external effect.
Monetize—Audits of the monetizing aspects of carbon data will be of immense regulatory interests as the businesses
move toward carbon economy.

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

3. Green Compliance: Protocols, Standards, and Audits
Advantages of Green IT

1. Validation of entire organizations asset register from a carbon emissions perspective.

2. Formalization of metrics and associated measurements related to carbon performance
3. Validation, internally of cost-benefit calculations that demonstrate the ROI
4. Cross-check on smart meters used for automatic reading and display of carbon data
5. Stocks take of the skill set, experience, and necessary expertise within the organization to put together a Green IT
measurement and optimization program.
6. Being part of the value proposition for business through its green initiatives both internally and externally.
7. Reducing the confusion and, perhaps, duplication of calculations that may occur in a collaborating group of
partners
8. Provision of relative benchmarks from audit to audit
9. Validating the measuring of degree of sophistication or maturity

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

3. Green Compliance: Protocols, Standards, and Audits
Various elements and types in Green IT audits and their relevance to roles

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

UNIT IV GREEN COMPLIANCE

4. EMERGENT CARBON ISSUES:

TECNOLOGIES AND FUTURE

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

EMERGENT CARBON ISSUES: TECNOLOGIES AND FUTURE
Future Carbon Landscape

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

EMERGENT CARBON ISSUES: TECNOLOGIES AND FUTURE
Green ICT and Technology Trends

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

BEST WISHES

“In a gentle way,

you can shake the world.”
—Mahatma Gandhi

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE