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RHEL Commands

The document outlines the Linux boot process, detailing components such as BIOS/UEFI, MBR, GRUB2, and the transition to the kernel and init/systemd. It also covers user password management commands, file permissions, and service management using chkconfig. Key commands for system shutdown, reboot, and process priority adjustment are included.

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66 views2 pages

RHEL Commands

The document outlines the Linux boot process, detailing components such as BIOS/UEFI, MBR, GRUB2, and the transition to the kernel and init/systemd. It also covers user password management commands, file permissions, and service management using chkconfig. Key commands for system shutdown, reboot, and process priority adjustment are included.

Uploaded by

syedali388289
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Linux Boot Process.

BIOS/UEFA
MBR ##################Master Boot record
GRUB2 ##################Grand unified boot loader
Kernel ##################
init ##################used in older release whereas systemd is
used in RHEL7 & above
runlevel ################## runlevel 0 will shutdown system ...... 5
for reboot in graphical mode..... 6 is used to reboot the system

Password age
chage -M <days> <user>

For alert to change passwd to user before expiry


chage -W <days> <user>

To view user password policy


chage -l <user>

to Set user account expire


chage -E <yy/mm/dd> <user>

cat /etc/passwd

encrypted password file


cat /etc/shadow

Runlevel
init 6 ############# reboot
init 0 ############# system shutdown

shutdown -r +5 ########### system will reboot in 5 min


shutdown -c ############## cancel system shutdown
shutdown -h 22:00 "<Message>" ############## send msg to user before shutdown

nice ############ Command to modifyl the process priority time


value -20 is higher and 19 means lowest ############ the higher the value the
process time will be increased
ps -eo pid,nice,comm | grep < process name> ########### to vie the process id with
priority
renice -n <value> <process ID> ############## to cahnge the priority of process

Read=r=4 Write=w=2 Execute=x=1


File permission formula
for file subtract the umask of user from 666 ####################### 666-022
636
for directory subtract the umask of user from 666 ################## 777-022

chattr +i <file name> ############# To lock file from deletion


chattr -i <file name> ############# To unlock file from deletion

chkconfig --list ################# to check which service will run on which level
chkconfig --list <Service Name> ################# to check specific service will
run on which level
chkconfig <service name> off ################# to disable service from starting
after reboot
chkconfig <service name> on ################# to enable service from starting after
reboot
chkconfig <service name> --level <runlevel> off ############### to disable specific
service to start in specific run level
chkconfig <service name> --level <runlevel> on ############### to enable specific
service to start in specific run level

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