Slab 1: Two – Way Slab (Case 2 – four edges continuous)

Design Criteria

fy = 276 MPa

f’c = 20.7 MPa

ϕ = 0.90

La = 3.75 m

Lb = 4.75 m

t = Ln/36

(NSCP 2015,

Table [Link])

= 4.75 m/36 = 0.132 m Use: t = 0.15m

Dead Load, WDL (consider 1.0m strip)

Wslab = 23.54 kN/m3 (0.15m) (1m) = 3.531 kN/m

Wceiling = 0.72 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 0.720 kN/m

Wplumbing fixture = 0.25 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 0.250 kN/m

Wmech. fixture = 0.25 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 0.250 kN/m

Wfloor finish = 1.10 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 1.100 kN/m

WDL = 5.851 kN/m

Live Load, WLL (consider 1.0m strip)

WLL = 4.80 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 4.80 kN/m

Factored Load, WU

WU = 1.2 WDL + 1.6 WLL

WDL = 1.2 (5.851 kN/m) WLL = 1.6 (4.80 kN/m)

= 7.0212 kN-m = 7.68 kN-m

WU = 14.7012 kN/m
Using Coefficient Method

m = La / Lb = 3.75m/4.75m = 0.789 ~ 0.8 @ CASE 2

Negative Moments; Ca = 0.065; Cb = 0.031

-Ma = CaWULa2 = 0.065 (14.7012 kN/m) (3.75m)2 = 13.438 kN-m

-Mb = CbWULb2 = 0.031 (14.7012 kN/m) (4.75m)2 = 10.283 kN-m

Positive Moments

1. Due to Dead Load; Ca = 0.026; Cb = 0.011

Ma = CaWDLLa2 = 0.026 (7.0212 kN-m) (3.75m)2 = 2.567 kN-m

Mb = CbWDLLb2 = 0.011 (7.0212 kN-m) (4.75m)2 = 1.743 kN-m

2. Due to Live Load; Ca = 0.041; Cb = 0.017

Ma = CaWLLLa2 = 0.041 (7.68 kN/m) (3.75m)2 = 4.428 kN-m

Mb = CbWLLLb2 = 0.017 (7.68 kN/m) (4.75m)2 = 2.946 kN-m

Continuous Edge

-Ma = 13.438 kN-m -Mb = 10.283 kN-m

Middle Span (Positive Moment)

Ʃ Moments at Middle Span

Ma = MaDL + MaLL = 2.567 kN-m + 4.428 kN-m = 6.995 kN-m

Mb = MbDL + MbLL = 1.743 kN-m + 2.946 kN-m = 4.689 kN-m

Directiom -M @ CE +M @ Mid Span

A 13.438 kN-m 6.995 kN-m

B 10.283 kN-m 4.689 kN-m

Design of Reinforcing Steel Bar

Design Criteria

b = 1.0m =1000 mm Cc = 20 mm h = 0.15 m = 150 mm

Ø = 12 mm dia. for Main RSB; Abar = 113.097 mm2

 = 10 mm dia. for Temp. Bars; Abar = 78.54mm2

d = h - Cc - 0.50 bar Ø = 150 mm – 20 mm - 0.50 (12 mm) = 124 mm

1. along Shorter Direction, La

a. Continuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 13.438 kN-m; MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 13.438×10 6 N-mm
Therefore, Rn = = 2 = 0.971 MPa
ϕb d2 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.971MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.003621

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.003621

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 1000 mm)(124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As) (1000) = (113.097 mm2/628.928 mm2)(1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175mm

b. Mid span

Solve for As; MU = 6.995 kN-m; MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 6
6.995× 10 N-mm
Therefore, Rn = = 2 = 0.505 MPa
ϕb d2 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.505MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.001857

ρmin = 1.4/fy= 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.001857

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

 As = ρbd = 0.005072(1000 mm)(124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As) (1000) = (113.097 mm2/628.928 mm2)(1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175mm

c. Temperature or Shrinkage bars

Ast = 0.002bh = 0.002 (1000mm)(150mm) = 300mm2

Try 10mmØ RSB (Ab = 78.54 mm2)

s = (Ab/As) (1000) = (78.54 mm2 / 300 mm2) (1000) = 261.8 mm

adopt s = 250mm

2. along Longer Direction, Lb

a. Continuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 10.283 kN-m; MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 10.283×10 6 N-mm
Therefore, Rn = = = 0.743 MPa
ϕb d
2
0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )2

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.743MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.002751

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.002751

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As) (1000) = (113.097 mm2/628.928 mm2)(1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175mm

b. Mid span

Solve for As; MU = 4.689 kN-m; MU = ϕRnbd2

 MU 6
4.689× 10 N-mm
Therefore, Rn = = 2 = 0.339 MPa
ϕb d2 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.339MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.001240

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.001240

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As) (1000) = (113.097 mm2/628.928 mm2)(1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175mm

c. Temperature or Shrinkage bars

Ast = 0.002bh = 0.002 (1000mm)(150mm) = 300mm2

Try 10mmØ RSB (Ab = 78.54 mm2)

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (78.54 mm2/300 mm2)(1000) = 261.8 mm

adopt s = 250mm

Illustration 1.1. Reinforcement at Continues End

 Illustration1.2. Reinforcement at Midspan

Slab 2: Two – Way Slab (Case 9 – one short edge discontinuous)

Design Criteria

fy = 276 MPa

f’c = 20.7 MPa

ϕ = 0.90

La = 3.75 m

Lb = 4.75 m

t = Ln/36

(NSCP 2015,

Table [Link])

= 4.75 m/36 = 0.132 m Use: t = 0.15m

Dead Load, WDL (consider 1.0m strip)

Wslab = 23.54 kN/m3 (0.15m) (1m) = 3.531 kN/m

Wceiling = 0.72 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 0.720 kN/m

Wplumbing fixture = 0.25 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 0.250 kN/m

Wmech. fixture = 0.25 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 0.250 kN/m

Wfloor finish = 1.10 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 1.100 kN/m

 WDL = 5.851 kN/m

Live Load, WLL (consider 1.0m strip)

WLL = 4.80 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 4.80 kN/m

Factored Load, WU

WU = 1.2 WDL + 1.6 WLL

WDL = 1.2 (5.851 kN/m) WLL = 1.6 (4.80 kN/m)

= 7.0212 kN-m = 7.68 kN-m

WU = 14.7012 kN/m

Using Coefficient Method

m = La / Lb = 3.75m/4.75m = 0.789 ~ 0.8 @ CASE 2

Negative Moments; Ca = 0.065; Cb = 0.031

-Ma = CaWULa2 = 0.065 (14.7012 kN/m) (3.75m)2= 13.438 kN-m

-Mb = CbWULb2 = 0.031 (14.7012 kN/m) (4.75m)2 = 10.283 kN-m

Positive Moments

1. Due to Dead Load; Ca = 0.026; Cb = 0.011

Ma = CaWDLLa2 = 0.026 (7.0212 kN-m) (3.75m)2 = 2.567 kN-m

Mb = CbWDLLb2 = 0.011 (7.0212 kN-m) (4.75m)2 = 1.743 kN-m

2. Due to Live Load; Ca = 0.041; Cb = 0.017

Ma = CaWLLLa2 = 0.041 (7.68 kN/m) (3.75m)2 = 4.428 kN-m

Mb = CbWLLLb2 = 0.017 (7.68 kN/m) (4.75m)2 = 2.946 kN-m

Continuous Edge

-Ma = 13.438 kN-m -Mb = 10.283 kN-m

Middle Span (Positive Moment)

Ʃ Moments at Middle Span

Ma = MaDL + MaLL = 2.567 kN-m + 4.428 kN-m = 6.995 kN-m

 Mb = MbDL + MbLL = 1.743 kN-m + 2.946 kN-m = 4.689 kN-m

Discontinuous Edge (Negative Moment)

Ma = 1/3 (Ma at midspan) = 1/3 (6.995 kN-m) = 2.332 kN-m

Mb = 1/3 (Mb at midspan) = 1/3 (4.689 kN-m) = 1.523 kN-m

+M @ Mid
Direction -M @ CE -M @ DE
Span
A 13.438 kN-m 6.995 kN-m 2.332 kN-m

B 10.283 kN-m 4.689 kN-m 1.523 kN-m

Design of Reinforcing Steel Bar

Design Criteria

b = 1.0m =1000 mm Cc = 20 mm h = 0.15 m = 150 mm

Ø = 12mm dia.; Abar = 113.097 mm2 d = h - Cc - 0.50 bar Ø

= 10mm dia.; Abar = 78.54mm2 = 150mm - 20mm - 0.50(12mm) = 124mm

1. along Shorter Direction, La

a. Continuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 13.438 kN-m; MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 13.438×10 6 N-mm
Therefore, Rn = 2 = 2 = 0.971 MPa
ϕb d 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )

ρb =
0.85 f' c
fy [√
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.971MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.00362

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = .005072 > ρb = 0.003621

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

 s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2/628.928 mm2)(1000) = 179.82 mm

adapt s = 175 mm

b. Mid span

Solve for As; MU = 6.995 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 6
6.995× 10 N-mm
Therefore, Rn = 2 = 2 = 0.505 MPa
ϕb d 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa
1- 1- [√
2(0.505MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.001857

ρmin = 1.4/fy =1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.001857

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2/628.928 mm2)(1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

c. Discontinuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 2.332 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 2.332× 106 N-mm

Therefore, Rn = = = 0.169 MPa
ϕb d
2
0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )2

ρb =
0.85 f' c
fy [√ 2R
1- 1- n
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.169MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.000615

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.000615

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

 N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56 pcs

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2/628.928 mm2)(1000) = 179.82 mm

adopt s = 175 mm

d. Temperature or Shrinkage bars

Ast = 0.002bh = 0.002 (1000mm)(150mm) = 300mm2

Try 10mmØ RSB (Ab = 78.54 mm2)

s = (Ab/As) (1000) = (78.54 mm2 / 300 mm2) (1000) = 261.8 mm

adopt s = 250mm

2. along Longer Direction, Lb

a. Continuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 10.283 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 6
10.283×10 N-mm
Therefore, Rn = = 2 = 0.743 MPa
ϕb d2 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.743MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.002751

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.002751

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2/628.928 mm2)(1000) = 179.82 mm

adopt s = 175 mm

b. Mid span

Solve for As; MU = 4.689 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

 MU 4.689× 10 N-mm
6
Therefore, Rn = 2 = 2 = 0.339 MPa
ϕb d 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.339MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.001240

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.001240

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2/628.928 mm2)(1000) = 179.82 mm

adopt s = 175 mm

c. Discontinuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 1.523 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 6
1.523×10 N-mm
Therefore, Rn = = = 0.110 MPa
ϕb d2 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )2

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c 2R
1- 1- n
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.110MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.0004

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.0004

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2/628.928 mm2)(1000) = 179.82 mm

adopt s = 175 mm

d. Temperature or Shrinkage bars

 Ast = 0.002bh = 0.002 (1000mm)(150mm) = 300mm2

Try 10mmØ RSB (Ab = 78.54 mm2)

s = (Ab/As) (1000) = (78.54 mm2 / 300 mm2) (1000) = 261.8 mm

adopt s = 250mm

Illustration 2.1.
Reinforcement at
Continues End

Illustration1.2.
Reinforcement at Midspan

Illustration 2.3.
Reinforcement at
Discontinuous
End
 Slab 3: Two – Way Slab (Case 9 – one short edge discontinuous)

Design Criteria

fy = 276 MPa

f’c = 20.7 MPa

ϕ = 0.90

La = 3.75 m Lb = 3.75 m

t = Ln/36

(NSCP 2015, Table [Link])

= 3.75 m/36 = 0.104m

Use: t = 0.15m

Dead Load, WDL (consider 1.0m strip)

Wslab = 23.54 kN/m3 (0.15m) (1m) = 3.531 kN/m

Wceiling = 0.72 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 0.720 kN/m

Wplumbing fixture = 0.25 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 0.250 kN/m

Wmech. fixture = 0.25 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 0.250 kN/m

Wfloor finish = 1.10 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 1.100 kN/m

WDL = 5.851 kN/m

Live Load, WLL (consider 1.0m strip)

WLL = 4.80 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 4.80 kN/m

WLL = 4.80 kN/m

Factored Load, WU

WU = 1.2 WDL + 1.6 WLL

WDL = 1.2 (5.851 kN/m) WLL = 1.6 (4.80 kN/m)

= 7.0212 kN-m = 7.68 kN-m

WU = 14.7012 kN/m
Using Coefficient Method

m = La / Lb = 3.75m/3.75m = 1.0 @ CASE 9

Negative Moments; Ca = 0.061; Cb = 0.033

-Ma = CaWULa2 = 0.061 (14.7012 kN/m) (3.75m)2= 12.611 kN-m

-Mb = CbWULb2 = 0.033 (14.7012 kN/m) (3.75m)2= 6.822 kN-m

Positive Moments

1. Due to Dead Load; Ca = 0.023; Cb = 0.020

Ma = CaWDLLa2 = 0.023 (7.0212 kN-m) (3.75m)2 = 2.271 kN-m

Mb = CbWDLLb2 = 0.020 (7.0212 kN-m) (3.75m)2 = 1.975 kN-m

2. Due to Live Load; Ca = 0.030; Cb = 0.028

Ma = CaWLLLa2 = 0.030 (7.68 kN/m) (3.75m)2= 3.240 kN-m

Mb = CbWLLLb2 = 0.028 (7.68 kN/m) (3.75m)2= 3.024 kN-m

Continuous Edge

-Ma = 12.611 kN-m -Mb = 6.822 kN-m

Middle Span (Positive Moment)

Ʃ Moments at Middle Span

Ma = MaDL + MaLL = 2.271 kN-m + 3.240 kN-m = 5.511 kN-m

Mb = MbDL + MbLL = 1.975 kN-m + 3.024 kN-m = 4.999 kN-m

Discontinuous Edge (Negative Moment)

Ma = 1/3 (Ma at midspan) = 1/3 (5.511 kN-m) = 1.837 kN-m

Mb = 1/3 (Mb at midspan) = 1/3 (4.999 kN-m) = 1.666 kN-m

+M @ Mid
Direction -M @ CE -M @ DE
Span
A 12.611 kN-m 5.511 kN-m 1.837 kN-m

B 6.822 kN-m 4.999 kN-m 1.666 kN-m

Design of Reinforcing Steel Bar

Design Criteria

b = 1.0m =1000 mm Cc = 20 mm h = 0.15 m = 150 mm

Ø = 12 mm dia.; Abar = 113.097 mm2 d = h - Cc - 0.50 bar Ø

= 12 mm dia.; Abar = 78.54mm2 = 150 mm – 20 mm - 0.50 (12 mm) = 124mm

1. along Shorter Direction, La

a. Continuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 12.611 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 12.611×10 6 N-mm
Therefore, Rn = = = 0.911 MPa
ϕb d
2
0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )2

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.911MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.003390

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.003390

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

b. Mid span

Solve for As; MU = 5.511 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 5.511×10 6 N-mm
Therefore, Rn = 2 = 2 = 0.398 MPa
ϕb d 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )
 ρb =
0.85 f' c
fy [√
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.398MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.001459

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.001459

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

c. Discontinuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 1.837 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 6
1.837×10 N-mm
Therefore, Rn = = 2 = 0.133 MPa
ϕb d2 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c 2R
1- 1- n
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa
1- 1- [√
2(0.133MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.000494

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.000484

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

d. Temperature or Shrinkage bars

Ast = 0.002bh = 0.002 (1000mm)(150mm) = 300mm2

Try 10mmØ RSB (Ab = 78.54 mm2)

 s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (78.54 mm2 / 300 mm2) (1000) = 261.8 mm

adopt s = 250mm

2. along Longer Direction, Lb

a. Continuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 6.822 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 6.822× 106 N-mm

Therefore, Rn = = 2 = 0.493 MPa
ϕb d2 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa
1- 1- [√
2(0.493MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.001812

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.001812

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2/628.928 mm2)(1000) = 179.82 mm

adopt s = 175 mm

b. Mid span

Solve for As; MU = 4.999 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 6
4.999× 10 N-mm
Therefore, Rn = = 2 = 0.361 MPa
ϕb d2 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.361MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.001322

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.001240

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

 As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As) (1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

c. Discontinuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 1.666 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 1.523×10 6 N-mm
Therefore, Rn = = = 0.110 MPa
ϕb d
2
0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )2

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c 2R
1- 1- n
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa
1- 1-[√
2(0.110MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.0004

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.0004

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2/628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

d. Temperature or Shrinkage bars

Ast = 0.002bh = 0.002 (1000mm)(150mm) = 300mm2

Try 10mmØ RSB (Ab = 78.54 mm2)

s = (Ab/As) (1000) = (78.54 mm2 / 300 mm2) (1000) = 261.8 mm

adopt s = 250mm
Illustration 3.1. Reinforcement at Continues End

Illustration3.2.
Reinforcement at Midspan

Illustration 3.3.
Reinforcement at
Discontinuous
End
 Slab 4: Two – Way Slab (Case 8 – One Long Edge Discontinuous)

Design Criteria

fy = 276 MPa

f’c = 20.7 MPa

ϕ = 0.90

La = 2.75 m

Lb = 4.75 m

t = Ln/36

= 4.75 m/36

= 0.132 m Use: t = 0.15m (NSCP 2015, [Link])

Dead Load, WDL (consider 1.0m strip)

Wslab = 23.54 kN/m3 (0.15m) (1m) = 3.531 kN/m

Wceiling = 0.72 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 0.720 kN/m

Wplumbing fixture = 0.25 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 0.250 kN/m

Wmech. fixture = 0.25 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 0.250 kN/m

Wfloor finish = 1.10 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 1.100 kN/m

WDL = 5.851 kN/m

Live Load, WLL (consider 1.0m strip)

WLL = 4.80 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 4.80 kN/m

WLL = 4.80 kN/m

Factored Load, WU

WU = 1.2 WDL + 1.6 WLL

WDL = 1.2 (5.851 kN/m) WLL = 1.6 (4.80 kN/m)

= 7.0212 kN-m = 7.68 kN-m

WU = 14.7012 kN/m
Using Coefficient Method

m = La / Lb = 2.75m/4.75m = 0.579 ~ 0.6 @ CASE 8

Negative Moments; Ca = 0.080; Cb = 0.014

-Ma = CaWULa2 = 0.080 (14.7012 kN/m) (2.75m)2 = 8.894 kN-m

-Mb = CbWULb2 = 0.018 (14.7012 kN/m) (4.75m)2 = 5.971 kN-m

Positive Moments

1. Due to DeadLoad; Ca = 0.048; Cb = 0.007

Ma = CaWDLLa2 = 0.048 (7.0212 kN-m) (2.75m)2 = 2.549 kN-m

Mb = CbWDLLb2 = 0.007 (7.0212 kN-m) (4.75m)2 = 1.109 kN-m

2. Due to Live Load; Ca = 0.065; Cb = 0.009

Ma = CaWLLLa2 = 0.065 (7.68 kN/m) (2.75m)2 = 3.775 kN-m

Mb = CbWLLLb2 = 0.009 (7.68 kN/m) (4.75m)2 = 1.560 kN-m

Continuous Edge

-Ma = 8.894 kN-m -Mb = 5.971 kN-m

Middle Span (Positive Moment)

Ʃ Moments at Middle Span

Ma = MaDL + MaLL = 2.549 kN-m + 3.775 kN-m = 6.324 kN-m

Mb = MbDL + MbLL = 1.109 kN-m + 1.560 kN-m = 2.669 kN-m

Discontinuous Edge (Negative Moment)

Ma = 1/3 (Ma at midspan) = 1/3 (6.324 kN-m) = 2.108 kN-m

Mb = 1/3 (Mb at midspan) = 1/3 (2.669 kN-m) = 0.890 kN-m

Direction -M @ CE +M @ Mid Span -M @ DE

8.894 kN-
A 6.324 kN-m 2.108 kN-m
m
5.971 kN-
B 2.669 kN-m 0.890 kN-m
m
Design of Reinforcing Steel Bar

Design Criteria

b = 1.0m =1000 mm Cc = 20 mm h = 0.15 m = 150 mm

Ø = 12 mm dia.; Abar = 113.097 mm2 d = h - Cc - 0.50 bar Ø

= 10 mm dia.; Abar = 78.54 mm2 = 150 mm - 20 mm - 0.50(12 mm) = 124mm

1. along Shorter Direction, La

a. Continuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 8.894 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 8.894× 106 N-mm

Therefore, Rn = = = 0.643 MPa
ϕb d
2
0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )2

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.643MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.002374

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.002374

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As) (1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

b. Mid span

Solve for As; MU = 6.324 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 6.324× 106 N-mm

Therefore, Rn = 2 = 2 = 0.457 MPa
ϕb d 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )
 ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.457MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.001678

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.001678

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

c. Discontinuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 2.108 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 6
2.108× 10 N-mm
Therefore, Rn = = 2 = 0.152 MPa
ϕb d2 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c 2R
1- 1- n
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.152MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.000553

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.000553

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)\(1000) = (113.097 mm2/628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

d. Temperature or Shrinkage bars

Ast = 0.002bh = 0.002 (1000mm)(150mm) = 300mm2

Try 10mmØ RSB (Ab = 78.54 mm2)

 s = (Ab/As) (1000) = (78.54 mm2 / 300 mm2) (1000) = 261.8 mm

adopt s = 250mm

2. along Longer Direction, Lb

a. Continuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 5.971 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 5.971×10 6 N-mm
Therefore, Rn = = 2 = 0.431 MPa
ϕb d2 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )

ρb =
0.85 f' c
fy [√
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.431MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.001581

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.001581

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As) (1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

b. Mid span

Solve for As; MU = 2.669 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 6
2.669× 10 N-mm
Therefore, Rn = = 2 = 0.193 MPa
ϕb d2 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa
1- 1- [√
2(0.193MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.000703

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.000703

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

 As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

c. Discontinuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 0.890 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 0.890× 106 N-mm

Therefore, Rn = = = 0.064 MPa
ϕb d
2
0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )2

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c 2R
1- 1- n
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.064MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.000232

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.000232

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

d. Temperature or Shrinkage bars

Ast = 0.002bh = 0.002 (1000mm)(150mm) = 300mm2

Try 10mmØ RSB (Ab = 78.54 mm2)

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (78.54 mm2 / 300 mm2) (1000) = 261.8 mm

adopt s = 250mm
Illustration 4.1. Reinforcement at Continues End

Illustration4.2.
Reinforcement at Midspan

Illustration 4.3.
Reinforcement at
Discontinuous
End
 Slab 5: Two – Way Slab (Case 4 – One Long and Short Edge Discontinuous)

Design Criteria

` fy = 276 MPa

f’c = 20.7 MPa

ϕ = 0.90

La = 2.75 m

Lb = 4.75 m

t = Ln/36

= 4.75 m/36

= 0.132 m Use: t = 0.15m (NSCP 2015, Table [Link])

Dead Load, WDL (consider 1.0m strip)

Wslab = 23.54 kN/m3 (0.15m) (1m) = 3.531 kN/m

Wceiling = 0.72 kN/m2 (1.0m) = .720 kN/m

Wplumbing fixture = 0.25 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 0.250 kN/m

Wmech. fixture = 0.25 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 0.250 kN/m

Wfloor finish = 1.10 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 1.100 kN/m

WDL = 5.851 kN/m

Live Load, WLL (consider 1.0m strip)

WLL = 4.80 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 4.80 kN/m

WLL = 4.80 kN/m

Factored Load, WU

WU = 1.2 WDL + 1.6 WLL

WDL = 1.2 (5.851 kN/m) WLL = 1.6 (4.80 kN/m)

= 7.0212 kN-m = 7.68 kN-m

WU = 14.7012 kN/m
Using Coefficient Method

m = La / Lb = 2.75m/4.75m = 0.579 ~ 0.6 @ CASE 4

NegativeMoments; Ca = 0.089; Cb = 0.011

-Ma = CaWULa2 = 0.089 (14.7012 kN/m) (2.75m)2 = 9.984 kN-m

-Mb = CbWULb2 = 0.011 (14.7012 kN/m) (4.75m)2 = 3.649 kN-m

Positive Moments

1. Due to Dead Load; Ca = 0.053; Cb = 0.007

Ma = CaWDLLa2 = 0.053 (7.0212 kN-m) (2.75m)2 = 2.814 kN-m

Mb = CbWDLLb2 = 0.007 (7.0212 kN-m) (4.75m)2 = 1.109 kN-m

2. Due to Live Load; Ca = 0.067; Cb = 0.009

Ma = CaWLLLa2 = 0.067 (7.68 kN/m) (2.75m)2 = 3.891 kN-m

Mb = CbWLLLb2 = 0.009 (7.68 kN/m) (4.75m)2 = 1.560 kN-m

Continuous Edge

-Ma = 9.984 kN-m -Mb = 3.649 kN-m

Middle Span (Positive Moment)

Ʃ Moments at Middle Span

Ma = MaDL + MaLL = 2.814 kN-m + 3.891 kN-m = 6.705 kN-m

Mb = MbDL + MbLL = 1.109 kN-m + 1.560 kN-m = 2.669 kN-m

Discontinuous Edge (Negative Moment)

Ma = 1/3 (Ma at midspan) = 1/3 (6.705 kN-m) = 3.353 kN-m

Mb = 1/3 (Mb at midspan) = 1/3 (2.669 kN-m) = 0.890 kN-m

Direction -M @ CE +M @ Mid Span -M @ DE

9.984 kN-
A 6.705 kN-m 3.353 kN-m
m
3.649 kN-
B 2.669 kN-m 0.890 kN-m
m
Design of Reinforcing Steel Bar

Design Criteria

b = 1.0m =1000 mm Cc = 20 mm h = 0.15 m = 150 mm

Ø = 12 mm dia.; Abar = 113.097 mm2 d = h - Cc - 0.50 bar Ø

= 10 mm dia.; Abar = 78.54 mm2 = 150 mm - 20 mm - 0.50(12 mm) = 124mm

1. along Shorter Direction, La

a. Continuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 9.984 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 9.984× 106 N-mm

Therefore, Rn = = = 0.721 MPa
ϕb d
2
0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )2

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.721MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.002668

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.002668

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

b. Mid span

Solve for As; MU = 6.705 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 6.705× 106 N-mm

Therefore, Rn = 2 = 2 = 0.485 MPa
ϕb d 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )
 ρb =
0.85 f' c
fy [√
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.485MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.002607

ρmin = 1.4/fy = .4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.002607

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

c. Discontinuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 3.353 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 6
3.353× 10 N-mm
Therefore, Rn = = 2 = 0.242 MPa
ϕb d2 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c 2R
1- 1- n
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa
1- 1- [√
2(0.242MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.000883

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.000883

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

d. Temperature or Shrinkage bars

Ast = 0.002bh = 0.002 (1000mm)(150mm) = 300mm2

Try 10mmØ RSB (Ab = 78.54 mm2)

 s = (Ab/As) (1000) = (78.54 mm2 / 300 mm2) (1000) = 261.8 mm

adopt s = 250mm

2. along Longer Direction, Lb

a. Continuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 3.649 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 3.649× 106 N-mm

Therefore, Rn = = 2 = 0.264 MPa
ϕb d2 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )

ρb =
0.85 f' c
fy [√
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.264MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.000964

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.000964

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

b. Mid span

Solve for As; MU = 2.669 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 6
2.669× 10 N-mm
Therefore, Rn = = 2 = 0.193 MPa
ϕb d2 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa
1- 1- [√
2(0.193MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.000703

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.000703

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

 As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

c. Discontinuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 0.890 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 0.890× 106 N-mm

Therefore, Rn = = = 0.064 MPa
ϕb d
2
0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )2

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c 2R
1- 1- n
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.064MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.000232

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.000232

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

d. Temperature or Shrinkage bars

Ast = 0.002bh = 0.002 (1000mm)(150mm) = 300mm2

Try 10mmØ RSB (Ab = 78.54 mm2)

s = (Ab/As) (1000) = (78.54 mm2 / 300 mm2) (1000) = 261.8 mm

adopt s = 250mm
Illustration 5.1. Reinforcement at Continues End

Illustration5.2.
Reinforcement at Midspan

Illustration 5.3.
Reinforcement at
Discontinuous
End
 Slab 6: Two – Way Slab (Case 4 – One Long and Short Edge Discontinuous)

Design Criteria

fy = 276 MPa

f’c = 20.7 MPa

ϕ = 0.90

La = 2.75 m

Lb = 3.75 m

t = Ln/36

= 3.75 m/36

= 0.104 m Use: t = 0.15m (NSCP 2015, Table [Link])

Dead Load, WDL (consider 1.0m strip)

Wslab = 23.54 kN/m3 (0.15m) (1m) = 3.531 kN/m

Wceiling = 0.72 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 0.720 kN/m

Wplumbing fixture = 0.25 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 0.250 kN/m

Wmech. fixture = 0.25 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 0.250 kN/m

Wfloor finish = 1.10 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 1.100 kN/m

WDL = 5.851 kN/m

Live Load, WLL (consider 1.0m strip)

WLL = 4.80 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 4.80 kN/m

WLL = 4.80 kN/m

Factored Load, WU

WU = 1.2 WDL + 1.6 WLL

WDL = 1.2 (5.851 kN/m) WLL = 1.6 (4.80 kN/m)

= 7.0212 kN-m = 7.68 kN-m

WU = 14.7012 kN/m
Using Coefficient Method

m = La / Lb = 2.75m/3.75m = 0.733 ~ 0.75 @ CASE 4

Negative Moments; Ca = 0.076; Cb = 0.024

-Ma = CaWULa2 = 0.076 (14.7012 kN/m) (2.75m)2 = 8.450 kN-m

-Mb = CbWULb2 = 0.024 (14.7012 kN/m) (3.75m)2 = 4.962 kN-m

Positive Moments

1. Due to Dead Load; Ca = 0.043; Cb = 0.013

Ma = CaWDLLa2 = 0.043 (7.0212 kN-m) (2.75m)2 = 2.283 kN-m

Mb = CbWDLLb2 = 0.013 (7.0212 kN-m) (3.75m)2 = 1.284 kN-m

2. Due to Live Load; Ca = 0.052; Cb = 0.016

Ma = CaWLLLa2 = 0 .052 (7.68 kN/m) (2.75m)2 = 3.020 kN-m

Mb = CbWLLLb2 = 0.016 (7.68 kN/m) (3.75m)2 = 1.728 kN-m

Continuous Edge

-Ma = 8.450 kN-m -Mb = 4.962kN-m

Middle Span (Positive Moment)

Ʃ Moments at Middle Span

Ma = MaDL + MaLL = 2.283 kN-m + 3.020 kN-m = 5.303 kN-m

Mb = MbDL + MbLL = 1.284 kN-m + 1.728 kN-m = 3.012 kN-m

Discontinuous Edge (Negative Moment)

Ma = 1/3 (Ma at midspan) = 1/3 (5.303 kN-m) = 1.768 kN-m

Mb = 1/3 (Mb at midspan) = 1/3 (3.012 kN-m) = 1.004 kN-m

Direction -M @ CE +M @ Mid Span -M @ DE

8.450 kN-
A 5.303 kN-m 1.768 kN-m
m
4.962 kN-
B 3.012 kN-m 1.004 kN-m
m
Design of Reinforcing Steel Bar

Design Criteria

b = 1.0m = 1000 mm Cc = 20 mm h = 0.15 m = 150 mm

Ø = 12 mm dia.; Abar = 113.097 mm2 d = h - Cc - 0.50 bar Ø

= 10mm dia.; A = 78.54mm2 = 150 mm - 20 mm - 0.50(12 mm) = 124mm

1. along Shorter Direction, La

a. Continuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 8.450 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 8.450× 106 N-mm

Therefore, Rn = = = 0.611 MPa
ϕb d
2
0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )2

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa
1- 1-[√
2(0.611MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.002254

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.002374

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2/628.928 mm2)(1000) = 179.82 mm

adopt s = 175 mm

b. Mid span

Solve for As; MU = 5.303 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 5.303×10 6 N-mm
Therefore, Rn = 2 = 2 = 0.383 MPa
ϕb d 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )
 ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.383MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.001403

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.001678

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

c. Discontinuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 1.768 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 6
1.768×10 N-mm
Therefore, Rn = = 2 = 0.128 MPa
ϕb d2 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c 2R
1- 1- n
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.128MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.000465

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.000553

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

d. Temperature or Shrinkage bars

Ast = 0.002bh = 0.002 (1000mm)(150mm) = 300mm2

Try 10mmØ RSB (Ab = 78.54 mm2)

 s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (78.54 mm2 / 300 mm2) (1000) = 261.8 mm

adopt s = 250 mm

2. along Longer Direction, Lb

a. Continuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 4.962 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 4.962× 106 N-mm

Therefore, Rn = = 2 = 0.359 MPa
ϕb d2 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.359MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.001314

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.001581

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

b. Mid span

Solve for As; MU = 3.012 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 6
3.012× 10 N-mm
Therefore, Rn = = 2 = 0.218 MPa
ϕb d2 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )

ρb =
0.85 f' c
fy [√
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa
1- 1- [√
2(.218MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.000795

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.000795

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

 As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = /Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

c. Discontinuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 1.004 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 1.004×10 6 N-mm
Therefore, Rn = = = 0.073 MPa
ϕb d
2
0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )2

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c 2R
1- 1- n
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa
1- 1-[√
2(0.073MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.000265

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.000232

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

d. Temperature or Shrinkage bars

Ast = 0.002bh = 0.002 (1000mm)(150mm) = 300mm2

Try 10mmØ RSB (Ab = 78.54 mm2)

s = (Ab/As) (1000) = (78.54 mm2 / 300 mm2) (1000) = 261.8 mm

adopt s = 250mm
Illustration 6.1. Reinforcement at Continues End

Illustration6.2.
Reinforcement at Midspan

Illustration 6.3.
Reinforcement at
Discontinuous
End
 Slab 7: One – Way Slab

Design Criteria

fy = 276 MP

f’c = 20.7 MPa

ϕ = 0.90

La = 2.75m Lb = 3.75m

t = Ln/36 = 3.75 m/36 = 0.104 m

Use: t = 0.15m (NSCP 2015, Table [Link])

Dead Load, WDL (consider 1.0m strip)

Wslab = 23.54 kN/m3 (0.15m) (1m) = 3.531 kN/m

Wceiling = 0.72 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 0.720 kN/m

Wplumbing fixture = 0.25 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 0.250 kN/m

Wmech. fixture = 0.25 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 0.250 kN/m

Wfloor finish = 1.10 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 1.100 kN/m

WDL = 5.851 kN/m

Live Load, WLL (consider 1.0m strip)

WLL = 4.80 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 4.80 kN/m

Factored Load, WU

WU = 1.2 WDL + 1.6 WLL

WDL = 1.2 (5.851 kN/m) WLL = 1.6 (4.80 kN/m)

= 7.0212 kN-m = 7.68 kN-m

WU = 14.7012 kN/m

Factored Moment

MU = 14.7012 kN/m (1.75m)2/8 = 5.6278 kN-m

 Therefore, use MU = 5.6278 kN-m

Design of Reinforcing Steel Bar

Design Criteria

fy = 276 MPa f’c = 20.7 MPa b = 1.0m = 1000 mm Cc = 20 mm

h = 0.15 m = 150 mm Ø = 12 mm dia.; Abar = 113.097 mm2

d = h - Cc - 0.50 bar Ø = 10 mm dia.; Abar = 78.54 mm2

= 150 mm – 20 mm - 0.50 (12 mm) = 124 mm

Compute for Maximum Steel Ratio

( )
0.85 β1 f'c 600
ρmax = 0.75ρb; where ρb =
fy 600 + f y

ρmax = 0.75 [ 0.85(0.85)(20.7MPa) 600

276MPa (
600 + 276MPa )] = 0.02783604

Compute for MUmax

2
MUmax = ϕ ρmax f y b d 1- ( 1 ρmax f y
1.7 f' c )
2
= 0.90(0.0278)(276MPa)(1000mm) (124mm) 1- ( 1 0.90(0.0278)(276MPa)
1.7 20.7 MPa )
MUmax = 85.3432 kN-m > MU = 5.6278 kN-m OK

Solve for As; MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 5.6278 kN-m
Therefore, Rn = = = 0.40668 MPa
ϕb d 2
0.90(1000mm) (124mm) 2

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa
1- 1- [√
2(0.40668MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa)
= ]
0.00149

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.00149

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

 As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000mm) (124mm) = 628.928mm2

Try 6-12mmØ RSB

As = n(πD2/4) = 6π(12mm)2/4 = 678.584mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

Temperature or Shrinkage bars

Ast = 0.002bh = 0.002 (1000mm)(150mm) = 300mm2

Try 10mmØ RSB (Ab = 78.54 mm2)

s = (Ab/As) (1000) = (78.54 mm2 / 300 mm2) (1000) = 261.8 mm

adopt s = 250mm

Illustration 7.1.
Reinforcement at
Continues End

Illustration7.2.
Reinforcement at Midspan
Illustration 7.3. Reinforcement at Discontinuous End
 Slab 8: Two – Way Slab (Case 8 – one long edge discontinuous)

Design Criteria

fy = 276 MPa

f’c = 20.7 MPa

ϕ = 0.90

La = 1.75 m Lb =

3.75 m

t = Ln/36 = 3.75 m/36 = 0.104 m

Use: t = 0.15m(NSCP 2015, Table [Link])

Dead Load, WDL (consider 1.0m strip)

Wslab = 23.54 kN/m3 (0.15m) (1m) = 3.531 kN/m

Wceiling = 0.72 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 0.720 kN/m

Wplumbing fixture = 0.25 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 0.250 kN/m

Wmech. fixtur e = 0.25 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 0.250 kN/m

Wfloor finish = 1.10 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 1.100 kN/m

WDL = 5.851 kN/m

Live Load, WLL (consider 1.0m strip)

WLL = 4.80 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 4.80 kN/m

Factored Load, WU

WU = 1.2 WDL + 1.6 WLL

WDL = 1.2 (5.851 kN/m) WLL = 1.6 (4.80 kN/m)

= 7.0212 kN-m = 7.68 kN-m

WU = 14.7012 kN/m

Using Coefficient Method

 m = La / Lb = 1.75m/3.75m = 0.567 ~ 0.5 @ CASE 8

Negative Moments; Ca = 0.089; Cb = 0.010

-Ma = CaWULa2 = 0.089 (14.7012 kN/m) (1.75m)2 = 4.007 kN-m

-Mb = CbWULb2 = 0.010 (14.7012 kN/m) (3.75m)2 = 2.067 kN-m

Positive Moments

1. Due to Dead Load; Ca = 0.056; Cb = 0.004

Ma = CaWDLLa2 = 0.056 (7.0212 kN-m) (1.75m)2 = 1.204 kN-m

Mb = CbWDLLb2 = 0.004 (7.0212 kN-m) (3.75m)2 = 0.395 kN-m

2. Due to Live Load; Ca = 0.076; Cb = 0.005

Ma = CaWLLLa2 = 0.076 (7.68 kN/m) (1.75m)2 = 1.788 kN-m

Mb = CbWLLLb2 = 0.005 (7.68 kN/m) (3.75m)2 = 0.540 kN-m

Continuous Edge

-Ma = 4.007 kN-m -Mb = 2.067 kN-m

Middle Span (Positive Moment)

Ʃ Moments at Middle Span

Ma = MaDL + MaLL = 1.204 kN-m + 1.788 kN-m = 2.992 kN-m

Mb = MbDL + MbLL = 0.395 kN-m + 0.540 kN-m = 0.935 kN-m

Discontinuous Edge (Negative Moment)

Ma = 1/3 (Ma at midspan) = 1/3 (2.992 kN-m) = 0.997 kN-m

Mb = 1/3 (Mb at midspan) = 1/3 (0.935 kN-m) = 0.312 kN-m

Direction -M @ CE +M @ Mid Span -M @ DE

4.007 kN-
A 2.992 kN-m 0.997 kN-m
m
2.067 kN-
B 0.935 kN-m 0.312 kN-m
m
Design of Reinforcing Steel Bar

Design Criteria

b = 1.0m = 1000 mm Cc = 20 mm h = 0.15 m = 150 mm

Ø = 12mm dia.; Abar = 113.097 mm2 d = h - Cc - 0.50 bar Ø

= 10mm dia., Abar = 78.54mm2 = 150 mm - 20 mm - 0.50(12 mm) =124mm

1. along Shorter Direction, La

a. Continuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 4.007 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 4.007× 106 N-mm

Therefore, Rn = = = 0.290 MPa
ϕb d
2
0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )2

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.290MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.001060

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.001060

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

b. Mid span

Solve for As; MU = 2.992 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 2.992× 106 N-mm

Therefore, Rn = = = 0.216 MPa
ϕb d2 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )2
 ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.216MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.000787

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.001678

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = 113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

c. Discontinuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 0.997 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 6
0.997× 10 N-mm
Therefore, Rn = = 2 = 0.072 MPa
ϕb d2 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c 2R
1- 1- n
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.072MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.000261

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.000553

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

d. Temperature or Shrinkage bars

Ast = 0.002bh = 0.002 (1000mm)(150mm) = 300mm2

Try 10mmØ RSB (Ab = 78.54 mm2)

 s = (Ab/As) (1000) = (78.54 mm2 / 300 mm2) (1000) = 261.8 mm

adopt s = 250mm

2. along Longer Direction, Lb

a. Continuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 2.067 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 2.067× 106 N-mm

Therefore, Rn = = 2 = 0.149 MPa
ϕb d2 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.149MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.000542

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.001581

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

b. Mid span

Solve for As; MU = 0.935 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 6
0.935× 10 N-mm
Therefore, Rn = = 2 = 0.068 MPa
ϕb d2 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.068MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.000247

ρmin = 1.4/fy =1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.000247

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

 As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As) (1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

c. Discontinuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 0.312 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 0.312× 106 N-mm

Therefore, Rn = = = 0.023 MPa
ϕb d
2
0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )2

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c 2R
1- 1- n
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.023MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.000083

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.000232

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

d. Temperature or Shrinkage bars

Ast = 0.002bh = 0.002 (1000mm)(150mm) = 300mm2

Try 10mmØ RSB (Ab = 78.54 mm2)

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (78.54 mm2 / 300 mm2) (1000) = 261.8 mm

adopt s = 250mm
Illustration 8.1. Reinforcement at Continues End

Illustration8.2.
Reinforcement at Midspan

Illustration 8.3.
Reinforcement at
Discontinuous
End
 Slab 9: Two – Way Slab (Case 7 – two long and one short edge discontinuous)

Design Criteria

fy = 276 MPa

f’c = 20.7 MPa

ϕ = 0.90

La = 1.75 m

Lb = 2.75 m

t = Ln/36 (NSCP 2015, Table [Link])

= 2.75 m/36 = 0.076 m Use: t = 0.15m

Dead Load, WDL (consider 1.0m strip)

Wslab = 23.54 kN/m3 (0.15m) (1m) = 3.531 kN/m

Wceiling = 0.72 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 0.720 kN/m

Wplumbing fixture = 0.25 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 0.250 kN/m

Wmech. fixture = 0.25 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 0.250 kN/m

Wfloor finish = 1.10 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 1.100 kN/m

WDL = 5.851 kN/m

Live Load, WLL (consider 1.0m strip)

WLL = 4.80 kN/m2 (1.0m) = 4.80 kN/m

Factored Load, WU

WU = 1.2 WDL + 1.6 WLL

WDL = 1.2 (5.851 kN/m) WLL = 1.6 (4.80 kN/m)

= 7.0212 kN-m = 7.68 kN-m

WU = 14.7012 kN/m

Using Coefficient Method

m = La / Lb = 1.75m/2.75m = 0.636 ~ 0.65 @ CASE 7

Negative Moments; Ca = 0.031; Cb = 0.031

-Ma = CaWULa2 = 0.031 (14.7012 kN/m) (1.75m)2 = 1.396 kN-m

-Mb = CbWULb2 = 0.031 (14.7012 kN/m) (2.75m)2 = 3.447 kN-m

Positive Moments

1. Due to Dead Load; Ca = 0.065; Cb = 0.014

Ma = CaWDLLa2 = 0.065 (7.0212 kN-m) (1.75m)2 = 1.398 kN-m

Mb = CbWDLLb2 = 0.014 (7.0212 kN-m) (2.75m)2 = 0.743 kN-m

2. Due to Live Load; Ca = 0.070; Cb = 0.014

Ma = CaWLLLa2 = 0.070 (7.68 kN/m) (1.75m)2 = 1.646 kN-m

Mb = CbWLLLb2 = 0.014 (7.68 kN/m) (2.75m)2 = 0.813 kN-m

Continuous Edge

-Ma = 1.396 kN-m -Mb = 3.447 kN-m

Middle Span (Positive Moment)

Ʃ Moments at Middle Span

Ma = MaDL + MaLL = 1.398 kN-m + 1.646 kN-m = 4.044 kN-m

Mb = MbDL + MbLL = 0.743 kN-m + 0.813 kN-m = 1.556 kN-m

Discontinuous Edge (Negative Moment)

Ma = 1/3 (Ma at midspan) = 1/3 (4.044 kN-m) = 1.348 kN-m

Mb = 1/3 (Mb at midspan) = 1/3 (1.556 kN-m) = 0.519 kN-m

Direction -M @ CE +M @ Mid Span -M @ DE

1.396 kN-
A 4.044 kN-m 1.348 kN-m
m
B 3.447 kN- 1.556 kN-m 0.519 kN-m
m
Design of Reinforcing Steel Bar

Design Criteria

b = 1.0m =1000 mm Cc = 20 mm h = 0.15 m = 150 mm

Ø = 12mm dia.; Abar = 113.097 mm2 d = h - Cc - 0.50 bar Ø

= 10mm dia.; Abar = 78.54mm2 = 150 mm - 20 mm - 0.50(12 mm) = 124mm

1. along Shorter Direction, La

a. Continuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 1.396 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 1.396×10 6 N-mm
Therefore, Rn = = = 0.101 MPa
ϕb d
2
0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )2

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.101MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.000367

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.000367

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82 mm

adopt s = 175 mm

b. Mid span

Solve for As; MU = 4.044 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 4.044× 106 N-mm

Therefore, Rn = 2 = 2 = 0.292 MPa
ϕb d 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )
 ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.292MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.001067

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.001067

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

c. Discontinuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 1.348 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 6
1.348×10 N-mm
Therefore, Rn = = 2 = 0.097 MPa
ϕb d2 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c 2R
1- 1- n
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.097MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.000352

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = .000352

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s (Ab/As)(1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

d. Temperature or Shrinkage bars

Ast = 0.002bh = 0.002 (1000mm)(150mm) = 300mm2

Try 10mmØ RSB (Ab = 78.54 mm2)

 s = (Ab/As) (1000) = (78.54 mm2 / 300 mm2) (1000) = 261.8 mm

adopt s = 250mm

2. along Longer Direction, Lb

a. Continuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 3.447 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 3.447× 106 N-mm

Therefore, Rn = = 2 = 0.249 MPa
ϕb d2 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.249MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.000909

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.000909

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As) (1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

b. Mid span

Solve for As; MU = 1.556 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 6
1.556×10 N-mm
Therefore, Rn = = 2 = 0.112 MPa
ϕb d2 0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c
1- 1-
2Rn
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.112MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.000407

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.000407

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

 As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As) (1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 mm

c. Discontinuous Edge

Solve for As; MU = 0.519 kN-m MU = ϕRnbd2

MU 0.519× 106 N-mm

Therefore, Rn = = = 0.038 MPa
ϕb d
2
0.90 ( 1000mm ) ( 124mm )2

ρb =
fy [√
0.85 f' c 2R
1- 1- n
0.85 f' c ] =
0.85(20.7MPa)
276MPa [√
1- 1-
2(0.038MPa)
0.85(20.7MPa) ]
= 0.000138

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276 MPa = 0.005072 > ρb = 0.000138

Therefore, use ρ = 0.005072

As = ρbd = 0.005072 (1000 mm) (124 mm) = 628.928mm2

N = As/Ab = 628.928 mm2 / 113.097 mm2 = 5.56

s = (Ab/As) (1000) = (113.097 mm2 / 628.928 mm2) (1000) = 179.82mm

adopt s = 175 m

d. Temperature or Shrinkage bars

Ast = 0.002bh = 0.002 (1000mm)(150mm) = 300mm2

Try 10mmØ RSB (Ab = 78.54 mm2)

s = (Ab/As) (1000) = (78.54 mm2 / 300 mm2) (1000) = 261.8 mm

adopt s = 250mm
Illustration 9.1. Reinforcement at Continues End

Illustration9.2.
Reinforcement at Midspan

Illustration 9.3.
Reinforcement at
Discontinuous
End