.

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐅 𝐧𝐜 𝐢 𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐡𝐞 𝐂 𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐅 𝐧𝐜 𝐢 𝐧

In this section, you will use your knowledge of the sine and cosine ratios to develop sine
and cosine functions. You will investigate the properties of these functions and become
familiar with the characteristics of their graphs.

1. Use a unit circle to find exact values for cos x and sin x. Remember (x, y) on the unit
circle corresponds to , . Use a calculator to determine approximate values
and round to three decimal places. Complete the tables below.
2. a.) Plot the ordered pairs (x, sin x) on one graph and (x, cos x) on the other graph
from x =0° to x =360°. Use the decimal values for sin x and cos x.
b) Draw a smooth curve through the points.
Focus on always
at
keypoints starts
sin x
x Exact Value Rounded Value
Graph of y= sin x theorigin
0°
max
30°
EofA Maximin
45 ° 2
60°

90°

120°

135 ° Og
0
150° f
Startat 2
I n 2M

theorigin
180°

210° Amp max min

225 ° 2 31
Z R 180
D 1
240°
I
L min

270°
Use proper mathematical [Link] must draw the
300° graph by hand on graph paper or on the printed lesson. Plot
the points accurately and connect the points with a smooth
315 °
curve. 900
330°

360°
goo 0
y
cos I tol
e O
y
2700
 cos x
Graph of y= cos x
x Exact Value Rounded Value

0°
r in
30° y
amplitude
amazes a
45 ° I C Il
2
60° 2 1
2
90°

120°

135 °
ainE Tx int
A Maximin
150° 2
180°
P 7 0

210°
Many periodic patterns follow a sinusoidal relation
225 °
and can be represented as a simple sine or cosine
240°
function.
270°
Sinusoidal: a periodic function whose graph looks like
300°
smooth symmetrical waves, where any portion of the
315 °
wave can be horizontally translated onto another
330° portion of the curve; graphs of sinusoidal functions
360° can be created by transforming the graph of the
function y = sin x or y =cos x
3. Use your table and graph to copy and complete the table of properties for y = sin x and
y=cos x.
Property
tay = sin x tr y = cos x
Maximum
Minimum
Amplitude
Equation of Axis
Period
Domain
Range
Y-intercept
x-intercepts
Intervals of increase (over one cycle)
Intervals of decrease (over one cycle)
 is is

symmetrical
periodic
g

O O turn n
t sinusodial Ware's
war waves

In Summary:

The function f(θ)= sin θ is a periodic function that represents the height (vertical distance) of a
point from the x-axis as it rotates θ° about a circle with radius 1.
The function f(θ) = cos θ is a periodic function that represents the horizontal distance of a point
from the y-axis as it rotates θ° about a circle with radius 1.
The sine function and cosine function are congruent sinusoidal curves; the cosine curve is the sine
curve translated 90° to the left.
Any point P(x, y) on a circle centred at (0, 0) with radius 1 and rotated through an angle θ can be
expressed as an ordered pair (cos θ, sin θ).