Health
Quarter 2– Module 2:
The Risks and Protective Factor
of Using Drugs
CO_Q2_Health9_ Module 2
9
Music
Quarter 2 – Module 2:
The Risks and Protective Factor
of Using Drugs
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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step
as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to
ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that
you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided
to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best
help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks
in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
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Lesson
Risk and Protective Factors
1 in Using Drugs
What I Need to Know
Learning Competency:
Discuss risks and protective factors in substance use, abuse and drug
dependence
Learning Objectives:
1. Discuss risks and protective factors in substance use, abuse and drug
dependence.
2. Analyze situations for the use and non-use of psychoactive substance.
State personal opinions about preventing drug use and abuse.
What I Know
A. Identify each given statement either as a risk factor or a protective factor.
Put a check in the column after each statement. Used other sheet of
paper.
Risk Protective
Factor Factor
1. High emotional distress
2. Parental involvement
3. Faith-based resources
4. poverty
5. family conflict
6. involvement in social activity
7. afflictions with deviant peers
8. low IQ
9. cultural influences
10. high unemployment
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B. Multiple choice: Write your answer directly on the answer sheet.
1. What psychoactive drug is derived from morphine?
a. Hallucinogen c. Depressant
b. Stimulant d. Opioids
2. Which among the choices below is an effect of excessive use of
hallucinogen?
a. Clammy skin c. slow and shallow breathing
b. Depression d. Convulsion
3. Which of the following is an example of depressant drug?
a. Tranquilizer c. codeine
b. Heroin d. Cannabis
4. Heroin can be used as injectable or inhalation. What possible disease
will infect your body?
a. Cancer c. emphysema
b. HIV d. Malaria
5. What example of psychoactive substances is resent in coffee?
a. Cocaine c. Caffeine
b. Codeine d. Cannabis
.
What’s New
Activity 1. Self-awareness: List down the risk and protective factors according to
domains of life affect drug use and abuse. Copy the table below on your answer
sheet.
Risk factors Domains of Life Protective factors
Individual
Family
Peer
School
Community
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Answer
1. What aspect of your life do you feel more threats to your wellbeing?
2. How do the protective factors prevent drug use and abuse? Cite one
situation.
What is It
There are many factors how a person succumbs to drug abuse. The use,
misuse, and abuse of drugs are the results of various factors surrounding a person.
These factors either increase or decrease the possibility of a person to use drugs.
Risk factors are those influences which increase the chances of using, misusing, and
abusing drugs. Protective factors, on the other hand, are those influences which
decrease the chances of using, misusing, and abusing drugs.
Domains Risk Factor Protective Factors
PERSONAL (Early *Use of drugs at an early age *Self-control behavior
Aggressive *Risk taking behavior *Good reasoning skills
Behavior vs. Self- *Experimentation *Excellent social skills
control) *Positive interaction with
people
*Sense of belonging
FAMILY (Weak *History and patterns of drug *Good communication with
Parental Guidance use people
vs. Strong *Attitudes toward drug use *Positive family relationship
Parental *Poor parenting and child *Clear and consistent family
Guidance) rearing rules
*Inconsistent family rules *Strong family values
*Poor family values *Poor *Reliance on family for
family ties emotional support
PEERS AND *Association with peers and *Association with peers and
FRIENDS friends known to use gateway friends who do not use
(Substance Abuse drugs (cigarettes and alcohol) gateway drugs
vs. Academic * Preference to stay with *Formation of friendships
Excellence) peers and friends than with *Reliance on friends for
family emotional support
SCHOOL *Poor academic performance Good to excellent academic
(Availability of performance
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Drugs vs. Strong * Lack of commitment to *Joins extra-curricular
Anti-Drug Policies) studies activities and school
* Poor attendance in school organizations
*Involvement in fights and * Shows interest in attending
conflict class
COMMUNITY *Easy access to gateway *Strong community
(Poverty vs. Strong drugs relationships
Community *Poor community *Active and positive
Relationship) organization and community programs,
neighborhood relationship projects and activities for the
*Poor implementation of youth
community laws * Positive attitude which
* Negative attitudes which combat drug use
favor drug use *Strong community
advocacy against drugs
[Link]
Answer the following questions:
1. What is the difference between risks and protective factors on
substance use and abuse?
2. How are you going to prevent drug abuse? Cite your personal opinion.
What’s More
EDITORIAL: Saving KIDS from Drug Abuse
[Link]
kids-drug-abuse
With the country facing a serious drug problem, parents would want to protect their
children from the scourge. Going about this, however, needs careful planning and
implementation.
The law authorizes mandatory drug testing for students in high school and college.
As the secretary of education has pointed out, however, grade school children are
excluded from the coverage of the law. Now the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency
is hoping to change this, by including elementary school students from fourth grade
up or at least nine years old in the public school system to undergo drug testing.
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It’s not unusual for pre-adolescents to experiment with banned substances. Among
the extremely poor, even rugby is sniffed for a cheap high and to assuage hunger.
Drug abuse is also likely among children who are hired as mules by adult traffickers
because the law exempts juveniles from criminal prosecution. Parents – unless they
themselves are engaged in illegal drug deals – will want to protect their children from
the drug menace. And they will normally accept any help from the government to see
this happen.
Children, however, need special handling and optimal privacy protection. Drug abuse
is a complex problem that is often linked to personal or family issues. Testing positive
in a school drug test can stigmatize a child and aggravate the distress, especially if
authorities are careless in sharing what should be confidential information.
Department of Education officials have reminded the PDEA about the exemption of
grade school pupils from mandatory drug testing under the Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002. There is also the question of resources: DepEd officials
estimate that drug testing for 14 million students will cost P2.8 billion.
The PDEA is correct in wanting to clip drug abuse at a young age. It would be better
for the PDEA, however, to first consult DepEd officials, educators, parent-teacher
associations and even student groups to discuss measures for curbing substance
abuse among the young. The intention of the drug-testing proposal may be good, but
if badly implemented, there’s a well-known saying about what paves the road to hell.
(The Philippine Star) - June 26, 2018
Answer the following question on your separate answer sheet.
1. What are the important ideas of the editor in saving the youth from drug
abuse?
2. As a student do you agree on the drug-testing among Elementary school?
Agree or disagree support your answer.
3. What can you suggest on how to protect the youth from drug abuse?
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What I Have Learned
Activity 3.1 Protective factors self-assessment:
Re-assess yourself on how strong, moderate or weak you are in evaluating protective
factors. Copy the assessment table below on your answer sheet and put a (/) check
on the appropriate column
Protective Factors Strong Moderate Weak
Self-control
Parental monitoring
Academic competence
Reliance on family for emotional
support
Inviting friends at home to know the
family
Strong community relationships
Joins extra-curricular activities and
school organizations
Reliance on friends for emotional
support
Positive attitude which combat drug
use
Clear and consistent family rules
Activity 3.2. I Can Do It. Strengthen my weak protective factors: Cite one weak
factor that you would like to become strong. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper.
Weak Factor Recommendation
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What I Can Do
Activity 4. BOOKMARK MAKING!
Draw a bookmark design showing the risk and protective factors of substance use
and abuse. The front side will be your risk factors and other side will be your
protective factor or intervention with the risk factor. Draw your bookmark a
separate sheet of paper.
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Lesson
2 Psychoactive Substance
What I Need to Know
Learning Competency:
Analyses situations for the use & non-use of psychoactive substance
What’s New
Activity 1. Hey! Stop and Listen! Refer to the link below in YouTube. And answer
the guide question on your answer sheet.
[Link]
1. What is the message of the song?
2. What are the effects of drug to the people who abuse it? Cite an
example.
3. How did the song affect you?
Activity 1-A. for student without internet access
Cite three possible effects of drugs to the
student in the picture.
[Link]
s%3A%2F%[Link]%2F
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What is It
Psychoactive, also called psychotropic, is a term that is applied to chemical
substances that change a person's mental state by affecting the way the brain and
nervous system work. This can lead to intoxication, which is often the main reason
people choose to take psychoactive drugs. The changes in brain function experienced
by people who use psychoactive substances affect their perceptions, moods, and/or
consciousness.
Four Classification Psychoactive Substances
Psychoactive Substance Example Excessive use
Stimulants - improvement in mood Caffeine Irritability
that can reach euphoria, and bodily Nicotine Mood swings
responses such as increased heart Amphetamines Hallucination
rate and blood pressure. cocaine Chest pain
death
Depressants - effects include Alcohol Clammy skin, slow
reduced feelings of tension, relief of Tranquilizer and shallow
anxiety, and muscle relaxation. *benzodiazepines breathing, rapid and
*barbiturates weak pulse, coma
and death
Opioids–a group of drugs derived Codeine Nausea and
from morphine. The effects includeMorphine vomiting
pain relief, drowsiness, euphoria,Oxycodone Convulsions
confusion, and respiratory
Heroin Respiratory arrest
depression (slowed breathing that Painkillers Coma
keeps the lungs from expanding fully
*aspirin Death
and providing enough oxygen to the*acetaminophen
body). *ibuprofen
Hallucinogens- effects include
Psilocybin from Problem thinking
paranoia, depersonalization (a sense
mushrooms and speaking
of not being real), hallucinations,
LSD Memory loss
erratic behavior, and increased Cannabis Depression
blood pressure and heart rate. Ketamine Weight loss
Phencyclidine(PCP)
Dextromethorphan
Peyote(mescaline)
[Link]
Answer the following question:
1. How important is psychoactive substance? Cite an example.
2. What makes psychoactive substance harmful to the body?
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Activity 2. Draw What You Think! (For student without internet access)
Illustrate in a drawing about your ideas on the effects of drugs in the body. Draw it
in a short bond paper.
What’s More
Psychoactive substances have beneficial effects in human body. Some people
use these substances because they expect pleasure or to avoid pain. But using
psychoactive substances may also be harmful if you use them in short or longer
term.
Three categories of harmful effects of psychoactive substances:
Chronic health effects
a. Alcohol – liver cirrhosis and host of other chronic illness
b. Tobacco in cigarette form – lung cancer, emphysema
c. Heroin use by injection – transmission of infectious agents such as
HIV and hepatitis B and C virus
1. Acute or short-term biological health effects
a. Opioids – overdose
b. Alcohol – physical coordination lead to accidents
2. Acute social problem
a. Sudden break in a relationship
b. An arrest
3. Chronic social problem
a. Default in working life
b. Default in family roles
Activity 3: Mind Set On. Write one example of psychoactive substance that are
commonly used here in the Philippines. Focus on its harmful effects to a person.
Copy the table in your answer sheet.
Commonly use Health Effects Social Effects
Psychoactive
Substance
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What I Have Learned
Check the appropriate classification of psychoactive substance where the
example of drugs belongs. Copy the table in your answer sheet.
Example Drugs Stimulant Depressant Opioids Hallucinogen
Ecstasy
Morphine
Barbiturates
Caffeine
Alcohol
Codeine
Tranquilizer
Psilocybin
What I Can Do
Create a campaign of advocacy poster on the proper use of psychoactive
substance.
Summary
There are many reasons in everything we do. In the life of every individual
there are five aspects that influence an individual’s action. Drug abuse is around the
corners and the following risk factors will lead the individual especially the
adolescents who are vulnerable to drug abuse. Each of the five aspects of a person’s
life may be the trigger point where the risk factors may come from. Risk factors
should not be a problem because there are protective factors that can strengthen the
weakness of each individual. You should understand every individual personality
and make the right choice in every decision and action.
Psychoactive substances are classified into five, namely: stimulant,
depressant, opioids, and hallucinogens. Psychoactive means it changes the person’s
mental state. This group of psychoactive drugs is dangerous if not properly used.
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Assessment
Multiple choice: Choose the correct answer and write the letter on your
answer sheet.
1. Stimulants can change the mood and increase heart rate and blood
pressure. Which of the following is not an example of stimulant drug?
A. Caffeine C. Alcohol
B. Nicotine D. Amphetamines
2. What psychoactive drug reduced feeling of tensions and a relief of anxiety?
A. Stimulant drugs C. Opioids
B. Depressant drugs D. Hallucinogens
3. According to National Survey on Drug Use and Health, What age does the
children already start abusing drugs?
A. 12 or 13 C. 14 or 15
B. 15 or 16 D. 10 or 11
4. What will happen to the person if he excessively used opioids?
A. Memory loss C. Weight loss
B. Depression D. Convulsion
5. Use of drugs at an early age is a risk factor of personal aspect. What will you
do to prevent this risk?
A. Joins extra-curricular activities C. Involvement in fights and conflict
B. Self-control behavior D. Formation of friendships
6. Which aspect of risk factor does the individual can access easily to gateway
drugs?
A. School C. Community
B. Family D. Peers
7. Which among the choices below is a risk factors involving students from
school?
A. Preference to stay with peers and friends
B. Shows interest in attending class
C. Strong family values
D. Lack of commitment to studies
8. Which among the following hallucinogens is commonly used in the
Philippines?
A. LSD C. Psilocybin
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B. Cannabis D. Cocaine
9. Which protective factors best prevent family weak parental guidance?
A. Clear and consistent family rules
B. Reliance on friends for emotional support
C. Strong community relationships
D. Active and positive community programs
10. Which among the choices below is not an effect of excessive used of
stimulant drugs?
A. Irritability C. Hallucination
B. Mood swings D. Depression
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