TABLE OF CONTENT

LIST OF FIGURES:............................................................................................................... 1
LIST OF TABLES: ................................................................................................................ 1
1. SAMPLE CALCULATIONS: ........................................................................................... 2
1.1. GIVEN DATA: ........................................................................................................... 2
1.2. MOISTURE CONTENT: ........................................................................................... 2
1.3. AREA OF SAMPLE: .................................................................................................. 2
1.4. VERTICAL STRAIN: ................................................................................................ 2
1.5. LOAD ACTING ON THE SPECIMEN: .................................................................... 3
1.6. CORRECTED AREA OF SPECIMEN: ..................................................................... 3
1.7. STRESS CALCULATION: ........................................................................................ 4
1.8. UNDRAINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH: ......................................................... 4
1.9. UNCONFINED SHEAR STRENGTH: ..................................................................... 5
2. RESULTS: ......................................................................................................................... 6
3. DISCUSSION: ................................................................................................................... 7
4. CONCLUSIONS: ............................................................................................................... 7

LIST OF FIGURES:
Figure 1: Graph between Stress and Axial Strain .................................................................. 6

LIST OF TABLES:
Table 1: Vertical Strain Table ................................................................................................ 3
Table 2: Load P table ............................................................................................................. 3
Table 3: Concentrated Area Table ......................................................................................... 4
Table 4: Table of Stress.......................................................................................................... 4
Table 5: Unconfined Compression Test Table ...................................................................... 6
1. SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:
1.1. GIVEN DATA:
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛 = 𝐿 = 2.850 𝑖𝑛 𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛 = 𝐷 = 1.300𝑖𝑛
𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 1 𝑑𝑖𝑣 = 2.205 𝑙𝑏 𝑀𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 + 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 174.750 𝑔
𝐷𝑟𝑦 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 + 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 156.530 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝑛 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 31.420 𝑔
1.2. MOISTURE CONTENT:
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑀𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑀 (%) =
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑑
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 174.750 − 156.530 = 18.220 𝑔
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 156.530 − 31.420 = 125.110
18.220
𝑀𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑀 (%) = × 100%
125.110
𝑀𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑀 (%) = 14.563%
1.3. AREA OF SAMPLE:
𝜋 2 𝜋
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 = 𝐴𝑜 = (𝐷 ) = × 1.3002
4 4
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 = 𝐴𝑜 = 1.327 𝑖𝑛2
1.4. VERTICAL STRAIN:
It can be calculated as
∆𝐿
𝜀=
𝐿
Where,
∆𝐿 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒
𝐿 = 𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛
For example, when specimen deformation is 0.010 then strain value will be
0.010
𝜀= = 0.004
2.850
Similarly solving for other values
Deformation (∆𝑳) Vertical Strain (𝜺) Deformation (∆𝑳) Vertical Strain (𝜺)
𝒊𝒏 − 𝒊𝒏 −
0.000 0.000 0.070 0.025
0.010 0.004 0.080 0.028
0.020 0.007 0.090 0.032
0.030 0.011 0.100 0.035
0.040 0.014 0.110 0.039
0.050 0.018 0.120 0.042
0.060 0.021 0.130 0.046
Table 1: Vertical Strain Table

1.5. LOAD ACTING ON THE SPECIMEN:

It can be calculated as
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = (𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐷𝑅) × (𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟)
For example, for proving ring DR of 8.000
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 8.000 × 2.205 = 17.640 𝑙𝑏
Similarly
Proving Ring DR Load P Proving Ring DR Load P
− 𝒍𝒃 − 𝒍𝒃
0.000 0.000 38.000 83.790
8.000 17.640 34.000 74.970
12.000 26.460 30.000 66.150
20.000 44.100 26.000 57.330
28.000 61.740 25.000 55.125
33.000 72.765 25.000 55.125
36.000 79.380 25.000 55.125
Table 2: Load P table

1.6. CORRECTED AREA OF SPECIMEN:

It can be calculated as
𝐴𝑜
𝐴𝑐 =
1−𝜀
For example, for vertical strain value of 0.004 concentrated value will be
1.327
𝐴𝑐 = = 1.332 𝑖𝑛2
1 − 0.010
Similarly,
Vertical Strain Concentrated Area Vertical Strain Concentrated Area
− 𝒊𝒏𝟐 − 𝒊𝒏𝟐
0.000 1.327 0.025 1.361
0.004 1.332 0.028 1.366
0.007 1.337 0.032 1.371
0.011 1.341 0.035 1.376
0.014 1.346 0.039 1.381
0.018 1.351 0.042 1.386
0.021 1.356 0.046 1.391
Table 3: Concentrated Area Table

1.7. STRESS CALCULATION:

It can be calculated as
𝑃
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 𝜎 =
𝐴𝑐
For load 𝑃 = 17.640 𝑙𝑏, 𝐴𝑐 = 1.332 𝑖𝑛2 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒
17.640
𝜎= = 13.243 𝑙𝑏 𝑖𝑛−2
1.332
Similarly,
Load P Concentrated Stress Load P Concentrated Stress
Area 𝝈 Area 𝝈
𝒍𝒃 𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒍𝒃 𝒊𝒏−𝟐 𝒍𝒃 𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒍𝒃 𝒊𝒏−𝟐
0.000 1.327 0.000 0.025 1.361 61.577
0.004 1.332 13.243 0.028 1.366 54.897
0.007 1.337 19.795 0.032 1.371 48.263
0.011 1.341 32.875 0.035 1.376 41.677
0.014 1.346 45.862 0.039 1.381 39.928
0.018 1.351 53.859 0.042 1.386 39.782
0.021 1.356 58.546 0.046 1.391 39.637
Table 4: Table of Stress

1.8. UNDRAINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH:

𝑈𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑡ℎ = 𝑞𝑢 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥 (𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠)
𝑞𝑢 = 61.577 𝑙𝑏 𝑖𝑛−2 = 424.555 𝑘𝑁 𝑚−2
1.9. UNCONFINED SHEAR STRENGTH:
𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 61.577
𝑈𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 𝑠𝑢 = =
2 2

𝑠𝑢 = 30.788 𝑙𝑏 𝑖𝑛−2 = 212.278 𝑘𝑁 𝑚−2

2. RESULTS:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Specimen Vertical Proving Dial Load Concentrated Stress Axial
Deformation Strain Reading Area Strain

∆𝑳 𝜺 P 𝑨𝒄 𝝈
𝒊𝒏 - - lb 𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒍𝒃 𝒊𝒏−𝟐 %
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.327 0.000 0.000
0.010 0.004 8.000 17.640 1.332 13.243 0.351
0.020 0.007 12.000 26.460 1.337 19.795 0.702
0.030 0.011 20.000 44.100 1.341 32.875 1.053
0.040 0.014 28.000 61.740 1.346 45.862 1.404
0.050 0.018 33.000 72.765 1.351 53.859 1.754
0.060 0.021 36.000 79.380 1.356 58.546 2.105
0.070 0.025 38.000 83.790 1.361 61.577 2.456
0.080 0.028 34.000 74.970 1.366 54.897 2.807
0.090 0.032 30.000 66.150 1.371 48.263 3.158
0.100 0.035 26.000 57.330 1.376 41.677 3.509
0.110 0.039 25.000 55.125 1.381 39.928 3.860
0.120 0.042 25.000 55.125 1.386 39.782 4.211
0.130 0.046 25.000 55.125 1.391 39.637 4.561
Table 5: Unconfined Compression Test Table

Unconfined Compression Test

70
𝑞𝑢 = 61.577
60

50
STRESS (IB /IN^2)

40

30

20

10

0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
STRAIN (%)

Figure 1: Graph between Stress and Axial Strain

3. DISCUSSION:
According to general relationship of consistency and unconfined compression strength table
our sample belongs to Hard Soil.
Drain direct shear test can be conducted on both coarse and fine soils. Direct shear test is
used to find shear strength, cohesion, normal stress, and angle of friction. Direct shear test
is performed to predetermined failure surface.
Consistency of undisturbed soil sample of clay is changed upon remolding even at same
moisture content. This change in consistency or decrease in strength takes place. It may
occur due to permanent destruction of soil solids upon remolding, reorientation of water
molecules in the adsorbed layer of soil solids. Sensitivity of soil is defined as ratio of
unconfined compress strength of soil in its undisturbed state to the unconfined compressive
strength of soil in its remolded state.

4. CONCLUSIONS:
Unconfined compressive test is carried out to determine the Unconfined compressive
strength. The step-by-step calculations were carried out. The maximum value of stress is
called the unconfined compressive strength 𝑞𝑢 of the give soil sample. The vale of
unconfined compressive strength was come out to be 424.555 𝑘𝑁 𝑚−2 . Half of compressive
strength is called unconfined shear strength. The value of unconfined shear strength 𝑠𝑢 was
come out to be 212.277 𝑘𝑁 𝑚−2 . The unconfined compressive strength of our sample
indicates that it belongs to consistency class of Hard Soil.