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Activities 29

1. The document describes an activity to verify the geometric significance of derivatives by sketching graphs of various curves and measuring slopes of tangents. 2. Students sketch circles, ellipses, and hyperbolas and use a set square and wires to measure the angle of tangents at various points and compare to the derivative. 3. Observations are made to verify that the slope of the tangent equals the derivative at points on each curve.

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Riddhi Singh
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395 views4 pages

Activities 29

1. The document describes an activity to verify the geometric significance of derivatives by sketching graphs of various curves and measuring slopes of tangents. 2. Students sketch circles, ellipses, and hyperbolas and use a set square and wires to measure the angle of tangents at various points and compare to the derivative. 3. Observations are made to verify that the slope of the tangent equals the derivative at points on each curve.

Uploaded by

Riddhi Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Activity 29

OBJECTIVE MATERIAL REQUIRED


Verification of the geometrical signi- Graph sheets, adhesive, hardboard,
ficance of derivative. trigonometric tables, geometry box,
wires.
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
1. Paste three graph sheets on a hardboard and draw two mutually perpendicular
lines representing x-axis and y-axis on each of them.
2. Sketch the graph of the curve (circle) x 2 + y 2 = 25 on one sheet.

3. On the other two sheets sketch the graphs of ( x − 3)2 + y 2 = 25 and the curve
xy = 4 (rectangular hyperbola).

24/04/18
Y x
y=

4 (1, 4)
3
2 (2, 2)
(4, 1)
1
q X
X¢ O 1 2
–3 –2 –1 3
xy = 4

Y’
Fig. 29.3

DEMONSTRATION
1. Take first sheet on which, the graph of the circle x 2 + y 2 = 25 has been drawn
(see Fig.29.1.
2. Take a point A (4, 3) on the circle.
3. With the help of a set square, place a wire in the direction OA and other
perpendicular to OA at the point A to meet x-axis at a point (say P).

Mathematics 87

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4. Measure the angle between the wire and the positive direction of x-axis at P
(say θ).
5. Then find tan θ (with the help of trigonometric tables)

dy −x
Now, x 2 + y 2 = 25 ⇒ y = 25 – x 2 ⇒ = .
dx 25 – x 2

dy  dy 
Find at the point (4, 3) and verify that   at (4, 3) = tan θ.
dx  dx 
dy
6. Similarly, take another point (– 4, 3) on the circle. Verify that at (– 4, 3)
dx
= tan α where α is the angle made by the tangent to the circle at the point
(– 4, 3) with the positive direction of x-axis. (see Fig. 29.1).
7. Take other sheet with the graph of (x – 3)2 + y2 = 25 and take the point (6,4)
on it and repeat the above process using set square and wires as shown in
dy
Fig. 29.2, i.e. verify that at (6, 4) = tan θ.
dx
8. Now take the third sheet, showing the graph of the curve xy = 4. Take the
point (2, 2) on it. Place one perpendicular side of set square along the line
y = x and a wire along the other side touching the curve at the point (2, 2)
and find the angle made by the wire with the positive direction of x-axis as
dy
shown in Fig. 29.3. Let it be θ. Verify that at (2, 2) = tan θ.
dx

OBSERVATION
dy
1. For the curve x2 + y2 = 25, at the point (3, 4) = ________. Value of θ =
dx
dy
_____ tan θ = ________ at (3, 4) = _________.
dx

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dy
2. For the curve x2 + y2 = 25, at (– 4, 3) = ________, tan α = ________
dx

, dy at (– 4, 3) = ________.
dx

dy
3. For the curve (x – 3)2 + y2 = 25, at (6, 4) = _____ , value of θ = _______,
dx

tan θ = ______, dy at (6, 4) = ________.


dx

 dy 
4. For the curve xy = 4,   at (2, 2) = ______ ,
 dx 
θ = ____, tan θ = ______. NOTE
The activity may be repeated
APPLICATION by taking point (4, 3) on first
Same activity can be used to verify sheet, (0, 4) on second sheet
the result that the slope of the tangent and (1, 4) on the third sheet.
at a point is equal to the value of the
derivative at that point for other
curves.

Mathematics 89

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