0 ratings0% found this document useful (0 votes) 383 views19 pagesReported Speech Rules With Examples and Exercises
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A. Circle the difference:
¢ between the sentences writt
jtten indirect and indirect speech,
“| study,” she said.
She said that she studied.
“went for a walk,” said Mr Henry.
Mr Henry said that he had gone for Awa \
“| have read the story,” she said.
“We are playing football,” he said to
the coach.
“This is your book,” he said to me.
“will he go to my house?” said Mary
to her mother.
She said that she had read the story. a
He told the coach that they were playing
football.
He told me that that was my book.
=
Mary asked her mother if he would go to
her house. change of tenses
table below shows that when we change sentences from diract to indirect speech, tenses
The
esent tense ‘simple past tense
simple pr
+ jam late —. + | was late.
resent continuous tense ee
. |amworking. re + | was working,
present perfect tense past perfect tense
+ [have rested. + Ihad rested.
Simple past tense past perfect tense
« I drank. + | had drunk.
past continuous tense past perfect continuous tense
Wiwas reading fam + | had been reading,
the past perfect tense the past perfect tense (no change)
iB 3
Se hadroad. —> = Ihadread
wil/shall would
[2 twa go. maar uss
shall should
—+ + Should send you the ticket?
* Shall | send you the ticket? L
@ We do not change the tense while reporting habits and universal truths, as in these
sentences
* Direct speech: “Saturn has rings,” said the teacher.
+ Indirect speech: The teacher said that Saturn has rings.
The tense in indirect speech does not change if the main verb or reporting verb is in the
present tense. Look at these examples.
* Direct speech: Ravi says, “lam happy.”
5 that he is happy-
+ Indirect speech: Ravi say:
— oo a eee ee ee B. Change these sentences into indirect speech.
1. “Grandfather is going to the market,’
said Grandmother.
2. “Peter will go to the post office,”
said Grandfather. {
3. “The students went on a picnic,” said Harbhajan.
4. “Itis healthy to wake up early,” said the teacher
to her students.
5. “The books have just arrived,” said the librarian. Direct speech
First person pronouns
. at he was late
He said, “lam late.” He said th
I said, “lam late”
| said that | was late.
* They said, “We are late.”
* They said that they were late.
Second person pronouns
He said to me, “You are late.” :
He told me that | was late.
+ She said to him, “You are late.” + She told him that he was late.
Third person pronouns
on
He said, “She is late.”
* She said, “They are late.”
He said that she w
* She said that they There are some words that do not change!
table below
nindirect speech. These words are listed in the
_ thathe must finish
mother. his lunch at
— j
j Using reporting verbs
; si reporting someone's words, the reporting verb should express the feelings of the
speaker. Instead of said, told, or asked, verbs like advised, added, admitted, argu'
denied, suggested, explained, observed, objected, promised, protested, reminded,
replied, ordered, complained, demanded, and answered can be used.
remarked,
Look at these examples.
* Direct speech: The teacher said,
Indirect speech: The teacher announced that they wo!
“Tomorrow we will go to the museum.”
uld go to the museum the
following day.
* Direct speech: Mother said,
Indirect speech: Mother suggested that | could take the car.
“You can take the car.” Change in expressions of time and place
@ If the direct speech contains
of reporting in indirect speech. Read thi:
an expression
is tabl
of time, y'
le to see HOW the
ou must change it to match it with the
expressions of time change.
that (evening)
this (evening) al
today that day »
yesterday the day before / the previous day
these (days)
now
those (days)
then
(a week) ago
(a week) before
last weekend
next (week)
tomorrow
the weekend before last / the previous
weekend
the following (week)
the next day / the following day Forming Questions: 2 Types
@
Vial a question:
Den tom kOe ts ome ee ROT tut) A word order in questions © ©
questions with do / does / did in present simple and past simple
question word auxiliary subject infinitive (= verb)
@ Do you live with your parents?
@ Did you have a holiday last year?
@ Where does your sister work?
@ When did you start studying English?
> What did they talk about? ¢ In questions that begin with a helping verb and
elicit 'yes/no' response, 'if" or 'whether' is used
after the Reporting Verb.
DIRECT
REPORTED :
DIRECT
REPORTED :
DIRECT
REPORTED :
DIRECT
REPORTED :
: The class teacher said to me, "Is your work still
incomplete?"
The class teacher asked me if my work was still
incomplete.
: Suresh said to-Saina, "Are you coming to the movie
today?"
Suresh asked Saina if she was going to the movie
that day.
: He said to them, "Will you allow me to join the trip?”
He asked them whether they would allow him to join
the trip.
: The driver said to me, "Can! park my car here?"
The driver enquired if he could park his car there. e In questions beginning with a Question-word
Cwho', ‘whom', 'whose', ‘what’, ‘which’, 'when',
where’, 'why' and ‘how"), 'if' or whether" is not
used. The given ‘question word ' itself is repeated
in the reported speech.
DIRECT
REPORTED :
: Teena said to her husband,"How many dishes are yet
DIRECT
REPORTED :
DIRECT
REPORTED :
: He said tome, "Where do you live?"
He asked me where | lived.
to be washed?"
Teena asked her husband how many dishes were yet
to be washed.
+ The tourist said, "Where can! change the currency?"
The tourist enquired where he could change the
currency. The following points should always be remembered:
Exclamations with ‘what', ‘how’, etc. are changed
into:
He saidfexclaimed (in ‘wonder! with happiness /'with joy /' with
delight / with disgust' ete)...
DIRECT
REPORTED :
DIRECT
REPORTED :
DIRECT
REPORTED :
: He said, "What a beautiful sunset!”
He said that it was a beautiful sunset. oR
He exclaimed with delight that it was a beautiful
sunset. OR
He exclaimed with delight that the sunset was very
beautiful.
: "What a tall building the Burj Khalifa is!" said the
tourist.
The tourist exclaimed in wonder that the Burj Khalifa
was a Very tall building.
: "Ugh! How dirty the streets of this town are!" said
the Mayor.
The Mayor exclaimed in disgust that the streets of
that town were very dirty. ime shoot imperative Sentences (Commands,
99estions) into Indirect:
mere Reporting Verb 'say' is changed into a verb
of command or request such as 'tell', ‘order’,
command, ‘ask’, 'beg', ‘urge’, 'remind', ‘warn’,
‘admit’, ‘agree’, ‘assure! ‘advise’, ‘instruct’, 'request',
promise’ ete. according to the tone of the speaker.
e The infinitive (to + verb in root form) is used in
direct commands and requests.
DIRECT —: The officer said to the driver, "Be careful.”
REPORTED : The officer told the driver to be careful.
DIRECT _: “Stay away from the fence, students," said the teacher.
REPORTED : The teacher instructed the students to stay away
from the fence. In sentences beginning with ‘let', the Reporting
Verb is changed into ‘proposed’ or ‘suggested’. In
place of infinitive, ‘should + verb' is used.
DIRECT : Hesaid, "Let us try the prawn curry.”
REPORTED : He suggested that theylwe should try the prawn
curry. OR
He suggested trying the prawn curry. ALSO REMEMBER:
DIRECT
REPORTED :
DIRECT
REPORTED :
DIRECT
REPORTED :
DIRECT
REPORTED :
DIRECT
REPORTED :
DIRECT
REPORTED :
DIRECT
REPORTED :
: She said, "Thank you!"
She thanked me.
: She said, "Goodluck!"
She wished me good luck.
: She said, "Happy Diwali!"
She wished me a happy Diwali.
: Shesaid, "Congratulations!"
She congratulated me.
: She said, "Liar!"
She called me aliar.
: She said tome, "Good Morning/Good Evening!"
She wished me good morning/good evening.
: She said to her brother, "Good Night/Goodbye!"
She bade her brother good night/goodbye. Conversation 3:
DIRECT SPEECH:
RIDHIMA —_; What's wrong with you, Sonny?
PIYUSH : Mom, I've aheadache.
RIDHIMA + 0,my poor baby. You'd better go to bed.
INDIRECT SPEECH:
Ridhima asked her son what was wrong with him. He replied that he
had a headache. Ridhima cuddled him a little bit and suggested that he
should go to bed.
Conversation 4:
DIRECT SPEECH:
MASTER : | don't want a careless servant like you. | will dismiss
you if you don't work properly.
SERVANT : Oh, please don't dismiss me, Sir. | promise that | will do
my work properly.
INDIRECT SPEECH:
The Master told his servant that he did not want a careless servant like
him and threatened to dismiss him if he did not work properly. The
servant pleaded with his master not to dismiss him and promised that
he would do his work properly. _pransform these sentences into indirect speech
ch.
| ‘Can you do me a small favour?” Sarita said to M
leera,
“Do you know how i
3, ‘Doy' our planet came into existence?” said the teacher to his st:
‘are they coming to the party tonight?" | said to my friend.
“How long have you been waiting for the bus?” said the old man
wos
“Tell me more about the incident so that we can investigate it properly,” said the
policeman to the people.
6 “Will you listen to me without quipping in?” said the speaker to the people sitting
around him.
1. “Don't drink cold water,” said the mother to her young son.
Rajeev?” Prabha said to Aruna.
me if you need anything,” her
am?” Ritvik said to Ravi.
8. “Do you know my friend
9. “Please don't hesitate to call
host said to her.
10. “When are you going to join our te RADHIKA : Canyouhear that noise? What do you think it is?
RAVI : | thinkit's only rats running up and down.
RADHIKA : No,|thinkit's someone trying to get in.
RAVI : | will go and see myself.
Hearing a loud noise downstairs Radhika asked
Revi (GQ) rcsreeteree SUG (D eee eee . Ravi thought
that it was only rats running up and down but
Radhika said that (€) ......+ trying to get in.
Ravi agreed and said (A) ....-...+2+++0+ ‘
