Demodulation of DSBSC-AM wave

• Coherent detection/Synchronous detection

• Costas receiver

• Squaring loop
 Coherent Detection

• DSBSC wave s(t) is multiplied with local carrier and passed to LPF

• Local oscillator signal is exactly coherent (both frequency and phase) with
the carrier signal used in modulation process
 Coherent Detection
• The local oscillator signal is given as
Vc cos(2f c t   )      (1)
 Coherent Detection
• The local oscillator signal is given as
Vc cos(2f c t   )      (1)
• The output of product modulator is given as
 Coherent Detection
• The local oscillator signal is given as
Vc cos(2f c t   )      (1)
• The output of product modulator is given as
v(t )  Vc cos(2f c t   ) s (t )      (2)

s (t )  Vc cos(2f c t )m(t )      (3)

• Sub Eq.(3) in Eq.(2)

 Coherent Detection
• The local oscillator signal is given as
Vc cos(2f c t   )      (1)
• The output of product modulator is given as
v(t )  Vc cos(2f c t   ) s (t )      (2)

s (t )  Vc cos(2f c t )m(t )      (3)

• Sub Eq.(3) in Eq.(2)

v(t )  VcVc cos(2f c t ) cos(2f c t   )m(t )

 Coherent Detection
• The local oscillator signal is given as
Vc cos(2f c t   )      (1)
• The output of product modulator is given as
v(t )  Vc cos(2f c t   ) s (t )      (2)

s (t )  Vc cos(2f c t )m(t )      (3)

• Sub Eq.(3) in Eq.(2)

v(t )  VcVc cos(2f c t ) cos(2f c t   )m(t )

1 1
v(t )  VcVc cos(4f c t   )m(t )  VcVc cos( )m(t )    (5)
2 2
 Coherent Detection
• The local oscillator signal is given as
Vc cos(2f c t   )      (1)
• The output of product modulator is given as
v(t )  Vc cos(2f c t   ) s (t )      (2)

s (t )  Vc cos(2f c t )m(t )      (3)

• Sub Eq.(3) in Eq.(2)

v(t )  VcVc cos(2f c t ) cos(2f c t   )m(t )
1 1
v(t )  VcVc cos(4f c t   )m(t )  VcVc cos( )m(t )    (5)
2 2
• After passing to LPF, 1
v0 (t )  VcVc cos( )m(t )    (6)
2
 Coherent Detection
1
v0 (t )  VcVc cos( )m(t )    (6)
2
• The amplitude of the demodulated signal is maximum when Ф=0

• The amplitude of the demodulated signal is minimum when Ф=+/- π/2

• Zero demodulated signal occurs when Ф=+/- π/2 – Quadrature Null effect
 Costas Loop

• Upper path – Inphase coherent detection – I-channel

• Lower path – Quadrature phase coherent detection – Q-channel
• The P.D and VCO is used to correct the phase errors
 Costas Loop
• Consider that the local oscillator is exactly synchronized with the carrier and
the DSBSC signal is generator at the transmitter

• I-Channel Output
 Costas Loop
• Consider that the local oscillator is exactly synchronized with the carrier and
the DSBSC signal is generator at the transmitter

• I-Channel Output
• Output of product modulator = s (t )  cos(2f c t )
 Costas Loop
• Consider that the local oscillator is exactly synchronized with the carrier and
the DSBSC signal is generator at the transmitter

• I-Channel Output
• Output of product modulator = s (t )  cos(2f c t )
 Vc cos(2f c t )m(t )  cos(2f c t )
 Costas Loop
• Consider that the local oscillator is exactly synchronized with the carrier and
the DSBSC signal is generator at the transmitter

• I-Channel Output
• Output of product modulator = s (t )  cos(2f c t )
 Vc cos(2f c t )m(t )  cos(2f c t )
Vc
 m(t )[1  cos(4f c t )]
2
 Costas Loop
• Consider that the local oscillator is exactly synchronized with the carrier and
the DSBSC signal is generator at the transmitter

• I-Channel Output
• Output of product modulator = s (t )  cos(2f c t )
 Vc cos(2f c t )m(t )  cos(2f c t )
Vc
 m(t )[1  cos(4f c t )]
2
Vc
• Output of LPF = m(t )
2
 Costas Loop
• Consider that the local oscillator is exactly synchronized with the carrier and
the DSBSC signal is generator at the transmitter

• Q-Channel Output
• Output of product modulator = s (t )  sin(2f c t )
 Vc cos(2f c t )m(t )  sin(2f c t )
Vc
 m(t ) sin(4f c t )
2

1
sin A cos B  {sin( A  B)  sin( A  B)}
2
 Costas Loop
• Consider that the local oscillator is exactly synchronized with the carrier and
the DSBSC signal is generator at the transmitter

• Q-Channel Output
• Output of product modulator = s (t )  sin(2f c t )
 Vc cos(2f c t )m(t )  sin(2f c t )
Vc
 m(t ) sin(4f c t )
2
• Output of LPF = 0

sin A cos B  sin( A  B)  sin( A  B)

 Costas Loop
• The phase discriminator provides the dc bias according to the phase
difference between I and Q channel
• When the P.D output is zero, there is no need to correct the L.O
• Consider the L.O phase drifts by small amount of Ф radians

• I-Channel Output
• Output of product modulator= s (t )  cos(2f c t   )
 Costas Loop
• The phase discriminator provides the dc bias according to the phase
difference between I and Q channel
• When the P.D output is zero, there is no need to correct the L.O
• Consider the L.O phase drifts by small amount of Ф radians

• I-Channel Output
• Output of product modulator= s (t )  cos(2f c t   )
 Vc cos(2f c t )m(t )  cos(2f c t   )
 Costas Loop
• The phase discriminator provides the dc bias according to the phase
difference between I and Q channel
• When the P.D output is zero, there is no need to correct the L.O
• Consider the L.O phase drifts by small amount of Ф radians
• The output of I-channel is same but there is some output in Q-channel
• I-Channel Output
• Output of product modulator= s (t )  cos(2f c t   )
 Vc cos(2f c t )m(t )  cos(2f c t   )
Vc
 m(t )[cos   cos(4f c t   )]
2
 Costas Loop
• The phase discriminator provides the dc bias according to the phase
difference between I and Q channel
• When the P.D output is zero, there is no need to correct the L.O
• Consider the L.O phase drifts by small amount of Ф radians
• I-Channel Output
• Output of product modulator= s (t )  cos(2f c t   )
 Vc cos(2f c t )m(t )  cos(2f c t   )
Vc
 m(t )[cos   cos(4f c t   )]
Vc 2
• Output of LPF = m(t ) cos 
2
 Costas Loop
• The phase discriminator provides the dc bias according to the phase
difference between I and Q channel
• When the P.D output is zero, there is no need to correct the L.O
• Consider the L.O phase drifts by small amount of Ф radians
• I-Channel Output
• Output of product modulator= s (t )  cos(2f c t   )
 Vc cos(2f c t )m(t )  cos(2f c t   )
Vc
 m(t )[cos   cos(4f c t   )]
Vc 2
• Output of LPF = 2 m(t ) cos 
• For small values of Ф, cosФ≈1
• Output of LPF = Vc m(t )
2
 Costas Loop
• The phase discriminator provides the dc bias according to the phase
difference between I and Q channel
• When the P.D output is zero, there is no need to correct the L.O
• Consider the L.O phase drifts by small amount of Ф radians
• Q-Channel Output
• Output of product modulator= s (t )  sin(2f c t   )
 Vc cos(2f c t )m(t )  sin(2f c t   )
Vc
 m(t )[sin(4f c t   )  sin  ]
Vc 2
• Output of LPF = 2 m(t ) sin 
 Costas Loop
• The phase discriminator provides the dc bias according to the phase
difference between I and Q channel
• When the P.D output is zero, there is no need to correct the L.O
• Consider the L.O phase drifts by small amount of Ф radians
• Q-Channel Output
• Output of product modulator= s (t )  sin(2f c t   )
 Vc cos(2f c t )m(t )  sin(2f c t   )
Vc
 m(t )[sin(4f c t   )  sin  ]
Vc 2
• Output of LPF = 2 m(t ) sin 
• For small values of Ф, sinФ≈Ф
• Output of LPF = Vc m(t )
2
 Squaring Loop

• It is used to recover the carrier signal from DSBSC signal (carrier recovery)
• The recovered carrier signal is used in the coherent detection process
 Squaring Loop
• The output of the squarer is
 Squaring Loop
• The output of the squarer is
y (t )  s 2 (t )  [Vc cos(2f c t )m(t )]2
 Squaring Loop
• The output of the squarer is
y (t )  s 2 (t )  [Vc cos(2f c t )m(t )]2

 V 2 c cos 2 (2f c t )m 2 (t )
 Squaring Loop
• The output of the squarer is
y (t )  s 2 (t )  [Vc cos(2f c t )m(t )]2
 V 2 c cos 2 (2f c t )m 2 (t )
V 2c 2
 m (t )[1  cos(4f c t )]
2
 Squaring Loop
• The output of the squarer is
y (t )  s 2 (t )  [Vc cos(2f c t )m(t )]2
 V 2 c cos 2 (2f c t )m 2 (t )
V 2c 2
 m (t )[1  cos(4f c t )]
2
• The output of squarer is given the narrow band filter which is centered at
+/- 4πfc
• The output of filter is
 Squaring Loop
• The output of the squarer is
y (t )  s 2 (t )  [Vc cos(2f c t )m(t )]2
 V 2 c cos 2 (2f c t )m 2 (t )
V 2c 2
 m (t )[1  cos(4f c t )]
2
• The output of squarer is given the narrow band filter which is centered at
+/- 4πfc
• The output of filter is V 2c 2
v(t )  m (t ) cos(4f c t )
2
• The output of filter is given to PLL to provide constant frequency signal
cos(4πfct)
• Any drift in frequency is corrected by the error signal e(t) generated by LPF
 Squaring Loop
• The output of the squarer is
y (t )  s 2 (t )  [Vc cos(2f c t )m(t )]2
 V 2 c cos 2 (2f c t )m 2 (t )
V 2c 2
 m (t )[1  cos(4f c t )]
2
• The output of squarer is given the narrow band filter which is centered at
+/- 4πfc
• The output of filter is V 2c 2
v(t )  m (t ) cos(4f c t )
2
• The output of filter is given to PLL to provide constant frequency signal
cos(4πfct)
• Any drift in frequency is corrected by the error signal e(t) generated by LPF
• The output of VCO is connected to frequency divider(/2) to get cos(2πfct)