N° Auteur Titre de communication
Email Co-auteurs
Farid AGOUILLAL Topic: Analytical and Bioanalytical Methods
O. 64
[Link]@[Link] MALDI-TOF-MS as rapid bioanalytical method for environmental
assessment: Soil, Sediments, Water and Air Microbial monitoring
case studies
Topic: Analytical and Bioanalytical Methods
Katia BELAZOUGUI
O. 43 ANALYSIS OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND EVALUATION
belazouguikatia@[Link] OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE
ESSENTIAL OIL OF PISTACIA TEREBINTHUS FRUITS
MECHERARA-IDJERI Samira,
Meroua Safa Topic: Biochemistry and Biotechnology
MECHOUCHE BIOSYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF
O. 34 ANTIBACTERIAL AND PHOTOCATALYTIC METHYLENE BLUE
[Link]@yahoo.c DYE DEGRADATION ACTIVITIES OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES
om FROM STREPTOMYCES TUIRUS STRAIN
MESSAAD Chemes El Houda, MEROUANE Fateh,
Meriem HAMOUDI Topic: Biochemistry and Biotechnology
O. 3 Chemical composition and acute toxicity test of ethyl acetate extract
meryoumamm2009@hotm
from the aerial parts of Ephedra nebrodensis.
[Link]
AMROUN Djouher , BOUTEFNOUCHET Sabrina, KHENNOUF Seddik , DAHAMNA
Saliha,
Topic: Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Yacer BOUDERSA
O. 48 SDS-PAGE ELECTROPHORESIS OF GLOBULINS FRACTION AND
[Link]@[Link]
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF AVENA STERILIS L. SPECIES
.dz
COLLECTED FROM DIFFERENT SITES OF NORTHERN ALGERIA.
BELLIL Ines,
Abdelkader ALI- Topic: Biochemistry and Biotechnology
O. 56 NEHARI
EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIPIDS FROM THE
nehariaek@[Link] MEDITERRANEAN LOLIGO VULGARIS
BARKA Fatiha,
Topic: Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Asma ABID PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL FINGERPRINTING AND GC- MS
O. 38
PROFILING OF METHANOLIC AERIAL PARTS EXTRACT OF
as.abid1994@[Link]
ATRACTYLIS SAHARAN PLANT (ASTERACEAE):
DEKMOUCHE Messaouda, BELKHELFA Hakim, BECHKI Lazhar, BIRECHE
Kamilia, BELFAR Mohamed Lakhder,
O. 50 Hamza LAKSACI Topic: Characterization of carbon materials
[Link]@univ- REMOVAL OF AMOXICILLIN FROM WATER USING COFFEE
[Link] WASTE BASED ACTIVATED CARBON
KHELIFI Omar,
Sabrina ZIAD Topic: Characterization of carbon materials
O. 19
ziadsabrina6@[Link] EFFECT OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS ON THE
ELIMINATION OF HUMIC SUBSTANCE BY BIOCHAR
SYNTHESIZED BY DATE STONES
Chahinez HADJ- Topic: Characterization of carbon materials
OTMANE SAWDUST-DERIVED MICROPOROUS BIOCHAR PREPARED IN
O. 54
SIMPLE PYROLYSIS CONDITIONS FOR ANTIBIOTIC REMOVAL
[Link]@uni FROM SYNTHETIC AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
[Link]
BEN SALEM Dhirar, AZRI Naima, GRABI Hocine , FADELAmmar , OUAKOUAK
Abdelkader ,
Topic: Characterization of carbon materials
Radhia ELONG
O. 22 IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF "AMPICILINE-CURCUMINE"
[Link]@univ-
SUPRAMOLECULE DELIVERY FROM PREPARED AND
[Link]
CHARACTERIZED MICROPARTICLES
MEZIDI Amira Sawsen, MERDOUD Asma , Ilham ABDELMALEK,
Topic: Chemical Engineering process
Ahmed AZIZI NEURONAL NETWORKS FOR SIMULATION AND PREDICTION
O. 7 THE PERGORMANCE OF CELLULOSE ACETATE REVERSE
[Link]@[Link]
OSMOSIS MEMBRANES DURING GROUNDWATER
DESALINATION UPSTREAM OF A PHARMACEUTICAL PLANT
ABOUDA Lakhdar, HANINI Salah,
Topic: Chemical Engineering process
Ali BOUKHEMKHEM
O. 33 MODELISATION OF CRYSTAL VIOLET ADSORPTION ON THE AIN
grenada92@[Link]
BARBAR FELDSPAR USING A FULL FACTORIAL DESIGN.
MOLINA CABALLERO Carmen Belen, DEHMAN Soumia , SADJIA Fafa,
Abderrahim
Topic: Chemical Engineering process
BOUTEMEDJET
O. 25 EFFECT OF PRECURSOR TYPE ON MAGNETIC IRON OXIDES
[Link]@ PROPERTIES AND CATALYTIC PERFORMANCE
[Link]
DJERAD Souad, TIFOUTI Lakhdar,
Wassila Topic: Chemical Engineering process
O. 76 BOULAICHE REMOVAL OF TOXIC HEAVY METALS BY CYSTOSIERA
AMENTACEA VAR, STRICTA(MONTAGNE 1846): EQUILIBRIUM,
[Link]@[Link] KINETIC AND THERMODYNAMIC STUDIES
BOUALEM Hamdi, TRARI Mohamed ,
Topic: Chemical Engineering process
Rokia YOUCEF
O. 32 EFFICIENCY OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT DOPED WITH
[Link]@[Link]
ORGANIC DYE BY NANOFILTRATION PROCESS
BENHADJI Amel , TALEB AHMED Mourad,
Topic: Chemical Engineering process
Ferhat SELLAMI
O. 61 THE POTENTIAL OF POLY (BUTYLENE ADIPATE-CO-
ferhat-06@[Link] TEREPHTHALATE) CO-POLYMER AS A NEW BASE-POLYMER
FOR POLYMER INCLUSION MEMBRANES (PIMS).
GARAOUN Yousra , BELLOUL Ilham , SENHADJI-KEBICHE Ounissa, ,
Topic: Chemical Engineering process
Yasmina KHANE
O. 63 ADSORPTION OF METHYLENE BLEU FROM QUEUES SOLUTION
yasminekhane@[Link]
USING SAWDUST OF LEAF OF MORINGA
AOUF Djaber, FENNICHE Fares, BAZINE Kacem, BAELHADJ Achour,
N° Auteur Titre de communication
Email Co-auteurs
Topic: Chemical Engineering process
Dhiya Elhak DJAFRI
O. 11 EFFECT OF DEPOSITION TIME ON ELECTRODEPOSITION OF
dhyiaelhak@[Link]
NIO THIN FILMS
HENNI Abdellah, ZERROUKI Djamal, FENNICHE Fares,
Souheyla Topic: Chemical Engineering process
BOUDJEMA RESPONSE SURFACE MODELING OF CYCLOHEXENE
O. 36
OXIDATION CATALYSED BY POLYOXOMETALATES: CENTRAL
[Link]@gmail COMPOSITE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
.com
ZERROUKI Mostapha, KHALDI Khadidja , CHELGHAM Fatiha , ZENKHERI Louiza ,
CHOUKCHOU-BRAHAM Abderrahim,
Oussama BACHA Topic: Chemical Engineering process
O. 71 THE ECONOMICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF IONIC
[Link]@[Link]
m LIQUIDS UTILIZATIONS
BAKA Ouidad , KORICHI Mourad ,
Abderrahman
Topic: Chemical functionalization methods of material and polymers
HABIBI
O. 30 ADSORPTION OF COPPER IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
[Link]@yah BY USING NATURAL AND MODIFIED CLAYS MATERIALS
[Link]
BELAROUI Lala Setti ,
Topic: Chemical synthesis of natural products
Fatiha BARKA IMPACT OF DEGRADATION FACTORS ON THE DECLINE IN
O. 60 PLANT BIODIVERSITY NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS AND THE
barka_fatiha2@[Link]
PRESERVATION STRATEGY FOR SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT (CASE FROM THE HONAINE REGION)
NEHARI Ali, BOUDJEMAA Mohamed Salim,
Topic: Chemical synthesis of natural products
Chaker DJAMA
O. 5 ADSORPTION ISOTHERM, KINETIC MODELING AND
chaker09933@[Link] MECHANISM OF AZO DYE METHYLENE BLUE ONTO MODIFIED
MATERIAL.
BOUGUETTOUCHA Abdallah, DOUDOU Ilyas, CHEBLI Derradji,
Topic: Chemical synthesis of natural products
Hafidha TEREA
O. 10 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CELLULOSE/ ZNO
terea.hadile88@[Link]
NANOCOMPOSITE FROM PLANT WASTES
SELLOUM Djamel, REBIAI Abdelkrim ,
O. 41 Tatou TOUAHRIA Topic: Chemical synthesis of natural products
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE STEMS EXTRACTS AND
[Link]@[Link] ISOLATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM THE LEAVES OF
PERGULARIA TOMENTOSA L.
RAHMANI Zehour , BELGUIDOUM Mahdi , BELFAR Assia , BENSACI Cheyma,
Seif Eddine Topic: Chemical synthesis of natural products
O. 72 MEDDOUR
INHIBITION X 70 STEEL CORROSION BY ESSENTIAL OILS OF
[Link]@[Link] ANACYCLUS VALENTINUS L IN AGGRESSIVE MEDIA
DJARI Lebna, ZERROUKI Hayat , GHIABA Zineb ,
Topic: Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
Fatah BENMOUSSA
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE
O. 73 DECORATED WITH SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND ITS
fateh.benmoussa95@gmai
[Link] APPLICANTION FOR THE ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION OF
ORGANIC POLLUANTS
ACHI Fethi , BELKHALFA Hakim , ,
Topic: Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
Mouna NACEF
O. 62 HYDROGEN PEROXIDE ELECTROOXIDATION ONTO NICKEL
nacef2010@[Link] FOAM MODIFIED NICKEL AS A VERY SENSITIVE SENSOR
CHELAGHMIA Mohamed Lyamine , AFFOUNE Abed Mohamed, POINTIÉ Maxime,
BOUCHAHED Feriel , BAKHOUCHE Randa , KHELIFI Omar,
Hicham MESKHER Topic: Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
O. 8 CARBON NANOTUBES BASED ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR
[Link]@[Link].e
[Link] FOR SENSITIVE AND STABLE DETECTION OF CATECHOL
ACHI Fethi, , , ,
Topic: Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
Walid SERAGHNI
O. 68 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE ELIMINATION OF A TEXTILE
[Link]@[Link]
DYE 'CIBACRON GREEN' BY THE ELECTROCOAGULATION
m
PROCESS
BALASKA Fouzia, CHIKHI Mustapha, ELHADEUF Kenza , DEBBOUCHE Manel,
Topic: Materials and biomaterials Science
Maya KEBAILI
O. 4 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE SIZE OF NATURAL NANO-
mkebaili@[Link]
HYDROXYAPATITE PARTICLES FROM DROMEDARY BONE
GHEDJEMIS Amina,
Messaouda Topic: Materials and biomaterials Science
O. 49 ALLAOUI
MORINGA OLEIFERA EXTRACT AS A GREEN INHIBITION FOR
romolkheir1@[Link] CORROSION OF IRON IN 1 M HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTION.
RAHIM Oumelkheir , LABED Brahim,
Topic: Materials and biomaterials Science
Sara GHAZI
O. 67 PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF SEPIOLITE-AG2CO3
[Link]@[Link] NANOCOMPOSITE FOR DEGRADATION OF ORANGE G AND
RHODAMINE B UNDER VISIBLE LIGHT IRRADIATION
RHOUTA Benaissa, FRANCIS MAURY , TENDERO Claire,
Topic: Materials and biomaterials Science
Adel AIT BARA
O. 75 EFFECT OF THE NATURE OF ALUMINUM ELECTRODES ON THE
[Link]@[Link] EFFICIENCY OF TREATMENT OF DAIRY WASTEWATER BY
ELECTROCOAGULATION
ABRANE Rahma , BADAYA Marwa , Sabir HAZOURLI,
Meriem ZAMOUCHE Topic: Materials and biomaterials Science
O. 6 HIGH PERFORMANCE OF ACTIVATED CARBON TO PHENOL
zamouche_meriem@yaho
[Link] ELIMINATED FROM CONTAMINATED WATER
CHERMAT Mouchira, KERMICHE Zohra, ,
N° Auteur Titre de communication
Email Co-auteurs
Topic: Materials and biomaterials Science
Fatiha CHELGHAM INFLUENCE OF GRADIENT TEMPERATURE ON
O. 74
MICROSTRUCTURE AND CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF CARBON
fchelgham@[Link]
STEEL IN ALBIAN WATER
BOUDJEMA Souheyla, OUAKKAF Amira, TAABOUCHE Adel, CHELGHAM Mounira,
DAOUI Hafsa, MAMANOU Abdellatif,
Topic: Materials and biomaterials Science
Khadidja LAZIRI
O. 28 CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF
[Link]@univ- FORSTERITE (MG2SIO4) BIOCERAMICS SYNTHESIZED FROM
[Link] NANO-POWDER OXIDES
DILMI Zeyneb , LAMARA Smail , SAHNOUNE Foudil , HERAIZ Menad, SAHEB
Nouari,
Topic: Materials and biomaterials Science
Salem ATIA
O. 69 SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF AZO COMPOUNDS AS CORROSION
atiassalem@[Link]
INHIBITORS FOR CARBON STEEL (XC70)
A. ZOBEIDI, A. KAMARCHOU, L. KRIBAA , T. DOUADI ,
Topic: Materials and biomaterials Science
Lynda ZAIDI
O. 31 A STUDY OF PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLY(3
[Link]@[Link] HYDROXYBUTYRATE-CO-3-HYDROXYVALERATE) (PHBV)/ DISS
FIBERS BIOCOMPOSITES
ZEMBOUAI Idris , TOUATI Naima , KACI Mustapha ,
Topic: Materials and biomaterials Science
Idris ZEMBOUAI
O. 44 POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES/POLYLACTIDE BASED
[Link]@univ-
NANOCOMPOSITES: AN EFFICIENT WAY TO MODULATE
[Link]
FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
ZAIDI Lynda , KACI Mustapha , SÉPHANE Bruzaud,
Topic: Materials and biomaterials Science
Arezki ALANE
O. 55 INFLUENCE OF SURFACE TREATMENTS OF CACTUS FIBERS
[Link]@univ-
ON THE PROPERTIES OF POLYLACTIDE BASED
[Link]
BIOCOMPOSITES PREPARED BY MELT MIXING
ZEMBOUAI Idris , BENHAMIDA Aida , ZAIDI Lynda ,
Amria BENCHERIF Topic: Materials and biomaterials Science
O. 46 EFFECT OF ANNEALING TEMPERATURE ON
[Link]@univ-
[Link] ELECTRODEPOSITED ZNS THIN FILMS
NAAS Abdelkrim , HAMDANI Zakaria , BOUSBIAT Essaid , BOURAIOU Assia,
O. 16 Mustapha KACI Topic: Materials and biomaterials Science
kacimu@[Link] CHARACTERIZATION OF THE FIRE BEHAVIOR OF
POLYLACTIDE (PLA)/CELLULOSE FIBERS
AOUAT Tassadit , LOPEZ-CUESTA José-Marie, ,
Topic: Materials and biomaterials Science
Nadjet DEHOUCHE
EFFECT OF THERMO-MECHANICAL RECYCLING OF
O. 17 ACRYLONITRILE-BUTADIENE-STYRENE (ABS) WASTE DERIVED
[email protected] r FROM ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT (EEE)
INDUSTRY
KACI Mustapha, SLIMANI Zineb , BRAHMI Hassina,
Topic: Materials and biomaterials Science
Fares FAID STRUCTURAL STABILITY AND MAGNETO-ELECTRONIC
O. 37
PROPERTIES OF QUATERNARY COVTIZ (Z = AL, GA) NEW SPIN
fares.faid88@[Link]
GAPLESS SEMICONDUCTORS
MEBARKI Hanifi , OKBI Farid , BENCHIKH Imen , BENMEKHLOUF Abdenour ,
GHERMOUL Nedjmeddine,
Topic: Materials and biomaterials Science
Fayçal BAIRA
O. 21 EFFECT OF ANNEALING TREATMENT ON THE PROPERTIES OF
[Link]@[Link]
INDUSTRIALLY DRAWN COPPER WIRES
ZIDANI Mosbah, BAYARASSOU Mokhtar, MESSAOUDI Salim, BAUDIN Thierry,
Topic: Materials and biomaterials Science
Marwa BRINIS
O. 15 INFLUENCE OF NANOPRECIPITATES ON THE STACKING
ibrinis307@[Link]
FAULTS PROPERTIES OF FE-CO-B-P ALLOYS
TEBIB Wassila, LOCIF Redouani, BOUKEFFA Saida,
Topic: Materials and biomaterials Science
Maroua BRELLA
O. 18 FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ZNO/NIO
brellamar@[Link] HETROJUNCTIONS GROWN BY SPRAY PYROLYSIS PROCESS
FOR WAVEGUIDING APPLICATIONS
GHARBI Brahim , TAABOUCHE Adel , GHERIANI Rachid,
Soufiane
Topic: Materials and biomaterials Science
BENSALEM
O. 70 INVERSE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY AS A TOOL FOR SURFACE
[Link]@yaho CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOMATERIALS
[Link]
HAMDI Boualem , Rachel CALVET,
Topic: Materials and biomaterials Science
Asma TADJI
O. 53 MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF ZNO NANOSTRUCTURES
tadjiasma@[Link]
UPON ADDITION OF SODIUM NITRATE (NANO3)
ZERDALI Mokhtar , HAMZAOUI Saad ,
Mohsen MHADHBI
Topic: Materials and biomaterials Science
O. 13 mhadhbi_mohsen@yahoo.
fr MODELLING OF PLANETARY BALL MILL USING ROCKY DEM
SIMULATIONS
Mourad Topic: Materials and biomaterials Science
ABDELKRIM The goal of manufacturers today is to improve the quality of
O. 40 manufactured products and reduce the costs of machining operations
[Link]@gmail.c while respecting the environment. The aim of our work is to study the
om effect of cutting conditions (cutting speed, feed per too
CHIBA Elhocine , REZGUI Imane , BELLOUFI Abderrahim ,
Fatima Zohra Topic: Organic and Inorganic Chemistry
NOUASRIA
O. 39 ELECTROCHEMICAL DOPING OF DIVALENT CU INTO ZNO
[Link]@gm NANOCRYSTALS FOR ENHANCED PHOTOCURRENT
[Link] GENERATION
SELLOUM Djamel , HENNI Abdellah , ,
N° Auteur Titre de communication
Email Co-auteurs
Topic: Organic and Inorganic Chemistry
Hanane MAHROUG
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF
O. 47 HYDROXYAPATITE/CROSS-LINKED POLYACRYLAMIDE
mahroug_hanane@hotmai
[Link] COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND ITS POTENTIAL USE FOR
PETROLEUM REFINERY EFFLUENT TREATMENT
BELKAID Soraya , GACEM Nessrine , BOURI Redouane,
Topic: Organic and Inorganic Chemistry
Houria BOURIA
O. 29 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW HYBRID FUSED
bouriahouria@[Link]
COMPOUNDS TYPE [2+3]
ALLIOUCHE Hayette , CHOUITER Mohamed Imed , BELFAITAH Ali ,
Topic: Organic and Inorganic Chemistry
Imane NOUACER
O. 58 NEW LIGNOCELLULOSIC FIBER FOR BIO-REMOVAL OF HEAVY
[Link]@[Link]
METALS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION
BENALIA Mokhtar, DJEDID Mebrouk , HAMMADI Soumia ,
Topic: Organic and Inorganic Chemistry
Zakaria OUAHAB
O. 66 STRUCTURAL CARACTRIZATION AND DIELECTRIC
[Link]@univ-
MEASUREMENT OF (NA0.5 BI0.5) 1-X MG X [(TI0.8 ZR0.2)0.9
[Link]
(NB2/3 ZN1/3)0.1 ]O3
BOUNAB Karima, NÉCIRA Zoulikha, MENASRA Hayet,
Topic: Organic and Inorganic Chemistry
Oussama KHAOUA
O. 20 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW BRIDGED
[Link]@univ-
ORGANOMETALLIC COMPLEX BASE ON ISOQUINOLINE AND
[Link]
BENZOATE LIGANDS
BENBELLAT Noura , ZEROUAL Samira , GOUASMIA Abdelkrim ,
Topic: Physical and Analytical Chemistry
Narimene AOUN
O. 45 CITRATE-NITRATE SYNTHESIS OF NIFE2O4 WITH ENHANCED
[email protected] PHOTOCATALYTIC PERFORMANCE THOUGHT THE
om DEGRADATION OF ORGANIC DYE
BOUCHELOUKH Hadjira , LODDO Vettorio , PARRINO Francesco , GHALI Salima ,
ROUISSA Siham , BELOUCIFA Moufida , SEHILI Tahar ,
Yaakoub Topic: Physical and Analytical Chemistry
SAADALLAH STUDY OF THE ADSORPTION/DESORPTION EFFECT OF
O. 65 TRIAZOLE-BASED SCHIFF BASE LIGAND AS AN EFFECTIVE
yaakoubsaadallah@gmail. CORROSION INHIBITOR FOR XC40 CARBON STEEL IN 1.0 M
com HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTION
SETIFI Fatima, ADDALA Abderrezak,
Topic: Physical and Analytical Chemistry
Fatiha DAOUDI
O. 14 OPTIMIZATION OF SULPHURIZATION TEMPERATURE OF
fatiha.daoudi1993@gmail.
ELECTRODEPOSITION CU2ZNSNS4 THIN FILMS GROWN ONTO
com
ITO SUBSTRAT
BOUDAIRA Radia, MELGLALI Omar, BOURAIOU Assia, NAAS Abdelkrim,
Hocine SALIMA Topic: Polymer Synthesis and Polymerization
O. 9 SWELLING AND ADSORPTION MODELING OF BSA
[Link]@univ-
[Link] BIOMOLECULE ON A PH-SENSITIVE HYDROGELS
GHEMATI Djamila, ALIOUCHE Djamel,
Topic: Polymer Synthesis and Polymerization
Amina SADI
O. 57 ECO-FRIENDLY SUPERABSORBENTS POLYMERS COMPOSITES
[Link]@[Link] OF GRAFTED CHITOSAN AND DIATOMITE FOR WATER
DECONTAMINATION
FERFERA HARRAR Hafida ,
Firouz CHERDOUD Topic: Surface chemistry
O. 51 SYNTHESIS OF CARBONS ACTIVATED FROM AGRICULTURAL
[Link]@univ-
[Link] WASTE PALM TREES BY THERMOCHEMICAL ACTIVATION
REFFAS Abdelbakki, TIAIBA Wafa,
O.
Topic:
O.
Topic:
O.
Topic:
O.
Topic:
O.
Topic:
O.
Topic:
O.
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