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Conjoint Analysis Example: Pricing A New Product

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
209 views11 pages

Conjoint Analysis Example: Pricing A New Product

Uploaded by

DikshaUpadhyay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Conjoint 

Analysis Example:
Pricing a New Product

Pricing Strategy & Analysis
Federico Rossi

Purdue University
Krannert School of Management
Spring 2022
© Copyright Federico Rossi, 2022

Case
• Imagine a company is interested in marketing a new 
cleaner to remove spots from carpets
• Management is interested in 5 attributes of the new 
product which are expected to influence the 
purchase decision of consumers:
– Package Design, Brand name, Price, Good Housekeeping 
Seal, Money‐Back Guarantee
• Evaluate the optimal price and other characteristics 
for this new product

1
Step 1: Identify the research purpose 
and research questions

Find the optimal pricing for the new product

Step 2: Specify attribute variation and 
levels
• Use consumer input to identify the important 
attributes to be included. 
• Find realistic ways to communicate the attributes and 
levels to respondents. 
– Audio‐visual aids
– Demonstrations
– Reference products 
• Attributes and levels must be actionable. 
• Profiling current products in the market. 

2
Attributes and Levels of Carpet Cleaner

Attributes  Levels
Package Design  A, B, C
Brand Name  K2R, Glory, Bissell
Price  $1.19, $1.39, $1.59
Good Housekeeping Seal  Yes, No
Money‐back Guarantee  Yes, No 

Total number of possible product combinations = 108 

Step 3: Design of Stimuli 

• Feasibility of the “full factorial” (all possible 
combinations of attributes and levels) design 
• “Fractional factorial” designs 
• Orthogonal (zero correlations across attributes) 
fractional factorial designs 

3
0. RAW DATA: Orthogonal Fractional Design for 
Carpet Cleaner
Respondent 
Package  Brand 
Price $ GHKS MBG Evaluation 
Design Name
(rank)
1 A K2R 1.19 No No 6
2 A Glory 1.39 No Yes 8
3 A Bissell 1.59 Yes No 2
4 B K2R 1.39 Yes Yes 17
5 B Glory 1.59 No No 5
6 B Bissell 1.19 No No 16
7 C K2R 1.59 No Yes 7
8 C Glory 1.19 Yes No 12
9 C Bissell 1.39 No No 10
10 A K2R 1.59 Yes No 1
11 A Glory 1.19 No Yes 11
12 A Bissell 1.39 No No 4
13 B K2R 1.19 No No 15
14 B Glory 1.39 Yes No 13
15 B Bissell 1.59 No Yes 14
16 C K2R 1.39 No No 9
17 C Glory 1.59 No No 3
18 C Bissell 1.19 Yes Yes 18

0. RAW DATA: Fractional Factorial Designs

A subset of 18 product combinations is selected for use 
such that attributes are uncorrelated (orthogonal). 
• Why 18? 
– To allow sufficient degrees of freedom to estimate 
the model for each individual respondent. 
• Which 18? 
– Commercial software available to pick subset. 

4
1. CREATING DUMMIES: Dummy Variable Coding 

Dummy Variables 
Pack B  Pack C 
Pack A  0 0
Pack B  1 0
Pack C  0 1

• Yields a total of eight dummy variables for the five 
attributes: (3‐1) + (3‐1) + (3‐1) + (2‐1) + (2‐1) = 8

1. CREATING DUMMIES: Dummy Variable Coding 

Profile Pack B Pack C Glory  Bissell $1.39  $1.59  GHKS MBG

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1
3 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
4 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
5 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
6 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
7 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
8 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
9 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
11 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
12 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
13 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
14 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
15 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
16 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
17 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
18 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1

5
2. CORRELATION BETWEEN ATTRIBUTES
Check Correlation Matrix 

Pack B Pack C Glory Bissell 1.39 1.59 GHKS MBG


Pack B 1.0
Pack C -0.5 1.0
Glory 0.0 0.0 1.0
Bissell 0.0 0.0 -0.5 1.0
1.39 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0
1.59 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.5 1.0
GHKS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0
MBG 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0

3. PATH WORTH ESTIMATES
Run Linear Regression for Single Respondent
Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.99153625
R Square 0.983144135
Adjusted R Square 0.968161144
Standard Error 0.952579344
Observations 18

ANOVA
df SS MS F Significance F
Regression 8 476.3333333 59.541667 65.61734694 4.49243E-07
Residual 9 8.166666667 0.9074074
Total 17 484.5

Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0%
Intercept 6.5 0.635052896 10.235368 2.94732E-06 5.063409447 7.936590553 5.063409447 7.936590553
Pack B 8 0.549971941 14.546197 1.47264E-07 6.755876086 9.244123914 6.755876086 9.244123914
Pack C 4.5 0.549971941 8.1822356 1.84812E-05 3.255876086 5.744123914 3.255876086 5.744123914
Glory -0.5 0.549971941 -0.9091373 0.386975857 -1.744123914 0.744123914 -1.744123914 0.744123914
Bissell 1.5 0.549971941 2.7274119 0.023323127 0.255876086 2.744123914 0.255876086 2.744123914
1.39 -2.833333333 0.549971941 -5.151778 0.000601697 -4.077457247 -1.58920942 -4.077457247 -1.58920942
1.59 -7.666666667 0.549971941 -13.940105 2.12822E-07 -8.91079058 -6.422542753 -8.91079058 -6.422542753
GHKS 1.5 0.476289672 3.149344 0.01174995 0.422557085 2.577442915 0.422557085 2.577442915
MBG 4.5 0.476289672 9.4480319 5.72823E-06 3.422557085 5.577442915 3.422557085 5.577442915

6
4. AVERAGE PATH WORTHS
Average parameters across individuals

5. ATTRIBUTE IMPORTANCE

Sample Level Attribute Importance


Sample Level Attribute Importance

0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2 Sample Level Attribute Importance
0.15
0.1
0.05
0

Attributes

7
6. MARKET SEGMENTATION BY MBG

Willingness to Pay
• Utility gain going from $1.39 to $1.19 = 2.83 utils
– 2.83 utils cost $.20
• Utility gain going from $1.59 to $1.19 = 7.67 utils
– 7.67 utils cost $.40
10

6 Consumer 
Utils

4 preference is
2
non‐linear in price 
0
1.19 1.39 1.59
Price

The conversion from dollars to utils can now be used to 
compute the willingness to pay for other attributes

8
7. WILLINGNESS TO PAY

• Utility gain going from Package A to Package B = 8 utils
– If 2.83 utils costs $.20, then how much does 8 utils cost?

• Utility gain going from Package A to Package B = 8 utils
– If 7.67 utils costs $.40, then how much does 8 utils cost?

One can generate a range for consumer’s willingness to pay
for different attribute levels

Can be interpreted as conservative & best case prices

Applying Conjoint Results to Market 
Simulation
• Conjoint results help understand consumer 
preferences
– Importance of attributes
– Impact of different levels of an attribute

• Other big use is “what‐if” analysis to predict
the market impact of
– Adding a product to an existing set of products
– Deleting a product from an existing set of product
– Changing an attribute

9
From utility to purchase
The model allows us to derive the utility consumers 
obtain from the available alternatives:
UA = 4.5,    UB = 5.2,    UC = 4.2
• How do we go from utilities to final choices?
First‐Choice Rule Share of Preference Rule
Pick the alternative generating the  Add a random error to the utilities. This 
highest utility. error captures other events not 
considered by the model. Each alternative 
Choose alternative B. has a probability of being chosen:
exp 𝑈
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝐵
∑ 𝑈
exp 5.2
0.54
exp 4.5 exp 5.2 exp 4.2

8. MARKET SIMULATION

• What if the following three products were offered in 
the market? What would be their share?
– Product 1: Package B, Glory, $1.39, No seal, No MBG
– Product 2: Package C, Bissell, $1.39, Yes seal, Yes MBG
– Product 3: Package C, K2R, $1.59, Yes seal, Yes MBG

FIRST CHOICE RULE SHARE OF PREFERENCE RULE
Prod1 Prod2 Prod3 Prod1 Prod2 Prod3
0 1 0 0.018 0.980 0.002
0 1 0 0.002 0.997 0.001
0 1 0 0.018 0.982 0.000

10
Summary
• Conjoint Analysis can be used to conduct:
– Pricing
– Concept testing
– Market Segmentation
• During Lab session you will be given a similar case 
for practice. 

Review – “LINEST” function of MS Excel

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