Design Patterns -
Introduction
The Why
Software
A
//if (int x = 0;..)
Software
… programming Languages
B
Software
C
How do I make
“Way of Thinking” my classes more
flexible?
About Software Design (Code)
GamePlay
Scoreboard
Balloon Clown SquareBalloon
Design Patterns
Proven and Tested “ways of thinking” about Code Design
Facade
Adapter
Factory
Decorator
Observer
Strategy
Singleton
The Gang of Four
The Creators of Design Patterns
The Strategy Design
Pattern
Algorithms for Different Cases…
ScoreBoard
calculateScore()
showScore()
Balloon Clown SquareBalloon
calculateScore() calculateScore() calculateScore()
+20 points +30 points +45 points
Class Hierarchy
JDK
Example # 2
JDK
The Observer Design
Pattern
Observer Design Pattern
… defines a 1-to-many
dependency between objects
so that when one object changes
state, all of its dependents are
notified and updated automatically
Observer Pattern Example
JDK
Problem with Current State…
Project grows - more JAR Files
JDK
More JAR files - more class path
issues
JAR Files
Classpath JAR File
Java —*packages
Project —Classes
— Interfaces
— Metadata
The Decorator
Pattern
Ice-cream Shop
JDK
Ice-cream Shop
JDK
Problem…
JDK
Solution
JDK
The Result…
Chocolate
cost() cost() will give us the final total cost
Vanilla
cost()
We wrap each ice-cream type with other
Ice-Cream toppings or types
cost()
The Factory Pattern*
*Introducing the Simple Factory “Pattern”
HamburgerStore
JDK
We need more than 1 type of burger…
Solution - Simple Factory
JDK
Problem solved… (For now)
JDK
Solution - Class Diagram
JDK
The Factory Pattern*
*The real thing!
Franchise our Store!
MozHamburgerFactory
JDK
HamburgerStore
JamHamburgerFactory
Create our Franchises…
MozHamburgerFactory
JDK
HamburgerStore
JamHamburgerFactory
The Singleton Pattern
Object Creation
JDK
CheeseBurger cheeseBurger = new CheeseBurger();
Calling
CheeseBurger()
public constructor
object
1 object object3
2
object object
4 …
Motivation: Too Many Object…
JDK
Sometimes we only need ONE instance of an object.
Solution
“Ensures a class has only one instance,
Singleton and provide a global point of access to it.”
The Command
Pattern
Deconstructing the System
Game Console Controllers
Game card
JDK
Game Console
The Command Pattern System
Commands (jump, run, left, right…)
Request
JDK
Invoker
Receivers - game characters will jump, run… etc
The Command Pattern Diagram
JDK
Definition…
JDK
The Command Pattern:
encapsulates a request as an object ( the game card), thereby letting you parameterize other
objects with different requests, queues or log requests.
The Facade Pattern
Real-World Example
Computer
CPU Hardrive Memory
Monitor Mouse ….
Too complex….
UML Facade Diagram
Definition…
The Facade Pattern:
provides a unified interface
to a set of interfaces in a subsystem.
Facade defines a higher-level interface
that makes the subsystem easier to use.
Facade - Definition
Motivation…
JDK
Redundant…..NOT Good!
Solution…
JDK
The Template Method
Pattern
Definition…
The Template Method Pattern:
defines the skeleton of an algorithm in a method,
deferring some steps to subclasses. It lets subclasses
redefine certain steps of an algorithm without changing
the algorithms’s structure.
Real-World Example
Computer
CPU Hardrive Memory
Monitor Mouse ….
Too complex….
UML Facade Diagram
Facade - Definition
Definition…
JDK
The Command Pattern:
encapsulates a request as an object ( the game card), thereby letting you parameterize other
objects with different requests, queues or log requests.
The Iterator Pattern
Motivation
Geeky Store Dev Store
Inventory/Products Inventory/Products
ArrayList Array
Problem
Geeky Store Dev Store
Inventory/Products
Inventory/Products
ArrayList Array
Iterating through Products…
Geeky Store Dev Store
Inventory/Products
Inventory/Products
ArrayList Array
Obvious Solution
Two different catalogs …
Geeky Inventory/ Dev Inventory/
Products Products
for loop 1 … for loop 2 …
for loop 3 … etc
The Solution
Iterator
… to encapsulate the way we iterate through a collection of objects
Definition…
JDK
The Iterator Pattern:
provides a way to access the elements of an aggregate object sequentially without exposing
its underlying representation.
Create our Franchises…
JDK
The Result…
Chocolate
cost() cost() will give us the final total cost
Vanilla
cost()
We wrap each ice-cream type with other
Ice-Cream toppings or types
cost()
