INTRODUCTION TO
HOUSING
AR 174 HOUSING
Ar. Sheila V. Elardo
HOUSING
•Buildings or structures
that individuals and
their family may live
(federal regulations)
•Different housing
situations vary for
individual (age, family
and geography)
•Shelter is the basic
human requirement
that needs to be met
on priority basis
•Housing sector is
employment
intensive
HOUSING IN THE PHILIPPINES
•“Emergence of a continuing demand for
affordable housing units in response to
increasing population and household size,
both in urban and rural areas”
HOLISTIC VIEW OF HOUSING
Settlements vis-à-vis social and economic
systems
THE NOMADIC ECONOMY
•The food gathering and hunting
•Temporary abodes
•Resource-based dwellings
•Loose sense of territoriality
•Perishable materials
Migration in Paleolithic Period
•First known inhabitants called migrating mammals
came through land bridges
Evidences point to 2 streams:
•eastern side of archipelago and north
•Borneo and Palawan - western side of Philippine
including Luzon
•Occupy one large
territory
•Use one place more or
less a permanent home
•Convenient sites (rock
shelters & ledges or
mouth of caves)
•Absence of caves, living
areas are buttresses
roots of large trees with
large leaves for roofing. Portable grass
& bamboo poles
Tabon caves of Palawan
THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY
•The village system
•Organization and hierarchy
•Need to produce surplus
Establishment of Communities
• migrants move in trickles, along river
banks & seacoasts
• Settlements - along or near headwaters
of
major rivers & tributaries evolving to
“riverine & coastal” orientation
• “kaingin” or slash & burn
• Cultivation then wet rice agriculture
Ifugao houses ,1984
Formation of small communities
THE FEUDAL SYSTEM
•Strong sense of territoriality
•Self-subsistent
•Radial settlements
RADIAL SETTLEMENT
WITH GREEN BELT
IFUGAO VILLAGE
•Mobility rendered by horses
•Highly organized
Basic settlement forms
MERCANTILISM
•Relatively fragmented social organizations
•Relatively loose physical boundaries
•Mobility by sea vessels
•Development of coastal areas
•Growth of retail outlets
•Development of ports
SHANGHAI
PORT
NEW YORK COASTAL AREA
COLONIALISM
•Assimilation of culture
•Expansion of territories
•Imposition of urban layouts
INDUSTRIALIZATION
•Assembly line, product
standardization
•Mass production
•High density settlements
•Blight inner cities MASS PRODUCTION
URBAN BLIGHT
HIGH-DENSITY (MUMBAI)
(NEW YORK)
•Development of
suburbia
•Development of a
railway system
•Mobility thru
automobiles and
highways
Today , QC is still partly suburban , but more and more it
is urban in character and actual reality
THE AGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND
GLOBALIZATION
•Cross-country
transfer of
standards
•Localization of
imported
technology
•Service economy
•Re-definition of the
workplace
“Strong and full of energy”: an update
from the Filipino exchange to Sierra Cross country
Leone
Wednesday, October 6th, 2010
transfer
• Editor’s note: From 22 to 26 September,
the Filipino federation visited Freetown,
Sierra Leone, to work with the seaside
slum communities there on strategies for
alleviating the effects of natural
disasters such as flooding, as well as to
secure tenure. Sonia Fadrigo, who was
part of the Filipino delegation, sent a
quick update to the SDI family, which is
reproduced below. A report, published by
IIED, on the Filipino strategies for dealing
with natural disaster can be found here.
• By Sonia Fadrigo, Homeless People’s Sonia Fadrigo (center) talks with members
Federation Philippines of the Sierra Leone Federation of the Urban
and Rural Poor in Kroo Bay, Freetown.
Concept of Housing
•It refers not only to the provision of
shelter but also to the provision of
the basic amenities that make up a
human settlements as well as the
improvement of the environmental
conditions in marginal areas.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCES HOUSING
In a Political view:
•Every people have the right to have an
adequate housing be it on his own or not
or simply availing the program of the
government for land tenure system.
Social view :
•Due to rural-urban
migration there is a
concentration and
overcrowding of people in
the city. This poses a great
problem in housing
especially the urban poor
who are homeless and
underprivileged.
Economic view:
•Development and urbanization - business and
manufacturing establishments as well as labor
force increased causing to have a higher
demand in providing housing which are near
to their employment and economic
opportunities.
Physical view:
•In our country especially in Manila there are
various places that we see and termed as
blighted slums that needed rehabilitation
and upgrading.
Cultural view:
•Greece - treatment and use of
housing and in the quality of
environmental care
•Arab culture (Tunisia)- form of
housing is a communal area
Technological view:
•appropriate design
•building materials, resources and skills
that are available
•prefabrication or modularization
•production process
•indigenous technology
•sweat equity
PROBLEMS AFFECTING HOUSING:
1. Lack of access to land and of security of
tenure
2. Lack of sustainable source of funds
3. Lack of access to affordable housing
materials
4. Poor policy framework
5. Enhancing local government capabilities
6. Engage effective participation of urban
poor, non-governmental organization and
private sector
ECONOMIC SYSTEMS in the
PHILIPPINES
PRE-COLONIAL PHILIPPINES
•The region of Southeast Asia had been
penetrated by grand world traditions from
China, Arabia, and India.
•Overland migrations, caravans, and armies
took the route south from China crossing
the intervening countries and down to
Malay peninsula.
THE BARANGAY SOCIETY
•Settlements were located along inland
rivers or mountain streams
•Boatmaking and pottery technology
developed; Burial jars for the dead become
part of barangay culture
•Panay - everyone knew how to spin and
weave for clothing
•Overall, life in the barangay culture was
local
SPANISH CONQUEST
•Small barangays were consolidated into new
political dominion
•1589, regime began a sweeping reorganization
of the natives
•The viability of the pueblo-parish system
depended on keeping the natives
•The first sector of the new land system was the
pueblo lands
•Lands awarded to the church sector became
basis of hacienda agriculture
•Pueblo parishes evolved into encomiendas.
POST-COLONIAL ECONOMY
•Philippine economy (1700-1770’s) marked
by the phasing out of private
encomiendas.
•An aspect of modern Filipino folk culture
evolved during this period
•Stability in pueblos, money transactions,
and steady population growth gave play
to socio-economic forces.
ORGANIC
DEVELOPMENT AS A
FACTOR OF SOCIAL
AND ECONOMIC
SYSTEMS
ORGANIC DEVELOPMENT a type of
development that will ensue minimal
planning and intervention at the statutory
level.
•Settlements are shaped by natural
processes, that arise out of day-to-day
encounters among the individuals and
social organizations.
•Market forces , modes of subsistence and
cultural factors determine the
configuration of physical settlements.
•PLANNED DEVELOPMENT
is a product of a conscious
effort to direct growth and
pre-determine the final
pattern of settlements.
