ENGINEERING MECHANICS – SEMESTER 1

CBCGS MAY 18
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Q1] a) Find fourth force(𝑭𝟒 ) completely so as to give the resultant of the system force as
shown in figure. (4)

Solution:-

Let 𝐹4 act as an angle 𝛼 as shown in the figure.

Given, resultant of forces 𝐹1 , 𝐹2 , 𝐹3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹4 is R = 150N

Resolving the forces along Y-axis ,

100cos30-120sin60-250cos25+𝐹4 sin𝛼 = -150sin45

𝐹4 sin𝛼 = −150𝑠𝑖𝑛45 − 100𝑐𝑜𝑠30 + 120𝑠𝑖𝑛60 + 250𝑐𝑜𝑠25

𝐹4 sin𝛼 = 137.8314 ……………….(1)

Resolving the forces along X-axis,

-100sin30-120cos60+250sin25+𝐹4 cos𝛼 = 150cos45

𝐹4 cos𝛼 = 110.4115N ………………(2)

Squaring and adding (1) and (2),

(𝐹4 sin𝛼)2 + (𝐹4 cos𝛼)2 = (137.8314)2 + (110.4115)2

𝐹4 2 (𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼) = 18997.5052 + 12190.6887

𝐹4 2 = 31188.1939

𝐹4 = 176.6018N

𝐹 sin𝛼 137.8314
Dividing (1) by (2), 𝐹4cos𝛼 =
4 110.4115

tan𝛼 = 1.2483

𝛼 = 51.3031°

Hence,

𝐹4 = 176.6018N , 𝛼 = 51.3031°

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Q1] b) Determine the magnitude and direction of the smallest force P required to start
the wheel W= 10N over the block. (4)

Solution:-

The simplified figure is as shown

Let point C is the tip of rectangle block from figure

OC = OA = 60cm .......(1)

AB = 15 cm ........(height of the block)

Hence OB = 60-15 = 45cm .........(2)

By Pythagoras theorem

BC = √𝑂𝐶 2 − 𝑂𝐵 2 = √602 − 452 = 39.6863cm

BC = 39.6863cm

When the wheel is about to start. Normal reaction at the point A is zero and

Σ 𝑀𝐶 = 0.

∴ 𝑃 × 𝑂𝐵 − 𝑊𝑐𝑜𝑠30 × 𝐵𝐶 − 𝑊𝑠𝑖𝑛30 × 𝑂𝐵 = 0

45P = 10𝑐𝑜𝑠30 × 39.6863 + 10𝑠𝑖𝑛30 × 45

45P = 568.6932.

P = 12.6376N

Hence the force P required to start the wheel is 12.6376N.

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Q1] c) If a horizontal force of 1200N is applied to the block of 1000N then block will be
held in equilibrium or slide down or move up? μ = 0.3. (4)

Solution:-

Let N be normal reaction and 𝐹𝑠 be the frictional force

At the instant of impending motion Σ 𝐹𝑌 = 0

Therefore N- 1000cos30 – 1200sin30 = 0

N = 1000cos30 + 1200sin30.

N = 1466.0254N

𝐹𝑠 = μ x N = 0.3(1466.0254)

𝐹𝑠 = 439.8076N. ..............................................(1)

Neglecting friction, net upward up the plane

-1000sin30 + 1200cos30 = 539.2305N. ..................................(2)

CASE 1:- Block is impending to move up the plane

Σ 𝐹𝑋 = -𝐹𝑠 – 1000sin30 + 1200cos30

= -439.8076 + 539.2305. .............................( From 1 & 2)

Σ 𝐹𝑋 = 99.4229N

Therefore a net force of 99.4229N acts up the plane so the block moves up the

plane.

CASE 2:- Block is impending to move down the plane

Σ 𝐹𝑋 = 𝐹𝑠 – 1000sin30 + 1200cos30

= 439.8076 - 539.2305. .............................( From 1 & 2)

Σ 𝐹𝑋 = 979.0381N

Therefore a net force of 979.0381N acts up the plane so the block moves up the

plane.

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Q1] d) Starting from rest at S = 0 a car travels in a straight line with an acceleration as
shown by they a-s graph. Determine the car’s speed when S = 20m ,S = 100m,

S =150m. (4)

Solution:-

Part 1:-

For first 40m of journey

a = 1m/𝑠 2
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣
V𝑑𝑠 = 1. ...........................( a = V 𝑑𝑠 )

Vdv = ds

𝑉2
On integration, 2
= s + 𝑐1 ..........................(1)

When s = 0, v= 0

𝑐1= 0 ......................(2)

𝑉2
From (1) and (2) =s
2

Therefore 𝑉 2 = 2s

When s = 20m, 𝑉 2 = 40

Therefore v = 6.3246 m/s

When s = 40m, 𝑉 2 = 80
Therefore v = 8.9443 m/s ………………………..(3)

Part 2:-

Motion of car from 40m to 120m

a = 2 m/𝑠 2
𝑑𝑣
V𝑑𝑠 = 2.

Vdv = ds

𝑉2
On integration , = s +𝑐1.
2

𝑉 2 = 4s +2𝑐1. ........................(4)

When s = 40 , = 80 ........................from (3)

80 = 160 + 2𝑐2

-80 = 2𝑐2 . ...............(5)

From (4) and (5)

𝑉 2= 4s – 80

When s = 100m , 𝑉 2 = 400-80 = 320

v = 17.8885 m/s

When s = 120m , = 480-80 = 400

V = 20m/s. ...............(6)

Part 3:-

Motion of car from 120m to 160m

E(120,2) and F(160,0)

Using two-point from equation of EF is

𝑎−2 𝑠−120
2−0
= 120−160

-20a + 40 = s- 120

160-s =20a

160-s = 20 V

(160-s)ds = 20vdv

On integration, 160s – = 20 + 𝐶3 .....................(7)

When s = 120, v = 20m/s. ....................from (6)

160 x 120 – (0.5) x 120 x 120 = 10 x 20 x20 + 𝐶3

𝐶3 = 8000. ..................(8)

From (7) and (8)

𝑆2 𝑣2
160𝑠 − = 20 × + 𝑐3
2 2

1
When s = 150m, 160(150) –2 𝑠 2 = 10𝑣 2 -8000

𝑣 2 = 475

V = 21.7945m/s

Hence when s = 20m , v = 6.3246m/s

When s = 100m, v = 17.8885m/s

When s = 150m, v = 21.7945m/s.

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Q1] e) Three m1, m2, m3 of masses 1.5kg, 2kg and1kg respectively are placed on a rough
surface with coefficient of friction 0.20 as shown. If a force F is applied to accelerate the
blocks at 3m/𝒔𝟐 . What will be the force that 1.5kg block exerts on 2kg block? (4)

Solution:-

𝑚1 = 1.5kg, 𝑚2 = 2kg, 𝑚3 = 1kg , μ=0.20 , a= 3m/𝑠 2

For m3:-

Weight 𝑤3 = 𝑚3 x g = 1g

Normal reaction 𝑁3 = 𝑊3 = g

Dynamic friction force= 𝐹3 = μ𝑁3 = 0.2g

Let the force exerted by m2 on m3 be F23

By Newton 2nd law

ΣF = ma

𝐹23 - 𝐹3 = 𝑚3 x a

𝐹23 =𝐹3 D + 𝑚3 x a

𝐹23 = 0.2g + 1a ..........................(1)

Similarly,

For 𝑚2 :-

Weight 𝑊2= 𝑚2 g

Normal reaction 𝑁2 = 𝑊2 = 2g

Dynamic friction force =𝐹2 D = μ 𝑁2 = 0.2 x 2g = 0.4g.

Let the force exerted by 𝑚1 on 𝑚2 be 𝐹12

By Newton's 2nd law

ΣF = ma

𝐹12 - 𝐹32 - 𝐹2 = 𝑚2 x a

𝐹12 = 𝐹32 + 𝐹2 + = 𝑚2 x a

= (0.2g + 1a) + 0.4g + 2a. ..............from (1)

= 0.6g + 3a

= 0.6 x 9.81 + 3 x 3

= 14.886 N

The force that 1.5 kg block exerts on 2kg block = 14.886N.

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Q2] a) A dam is subjected to three forces as shown in fig. determine the single equivalent
force and locate its point of intersection with base AD (6)

Solution:-

Let R be the resultant and let it act at an angle 𝛼 to the horizontal

In ∆FED , FD = 1.5cm

∴ FE = FDsin60° = 1.2990 and ED = FDcos60° = 0.75

∴ AE = AD-AE = 5-0.75 = 4.25

Resolving the forces along X-axis, 𝑅𝑋 = 50 − 30𝑠𝑖𝑛60 =24.0192N

Resolving the forces along Y-axis, 𝑅𝑌 = −120 − 30𝑐𝑜𝑠60 = -135

∴ 𝑅 = √𝑅𝑋 2 + 𝑅𝑌 2 = √(24.0192)2 + (−135)2 = 137.1201N

𝑅 −135
And , 𝛼 = tan−1 (𝑅𝑌 ) = tan−1 (24.0192) = −79.9115°
𝑋

Resultant moment at A = -50× 2 − 120 × 2 − 30𝑠𝑖𝑛60° × 4.25 + 30𝑠𝑖𝑛60° × 1.2990

A = -370N m

By Varignon’s Theorem,

∴ 370 = 137.1201 × 𝑋
X = 2.6984m
𝑥
In ∆AGH, sin𝛼 = 𝐴𝐻

𝑥 2.6984
AH = sin𝛼 = = 2.7407m
sin(79.9115)

Hence,

Resultant force = 137.1201N (79.9115°)

Resultant moment = 370N m

Resultant cuts base AD at a distance of 2.7407m right of A

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Q2] b) A cylinder weighing , 1000N and 1.5m diameter is supported by a beam AB of

length 6m and weight 400N as shown. Neglecting friction at the surface of contact of the
cylinder. Determine (1) wall reaction at ‘D’; (2) hinged reaction at support ‘A’; (3) tension
in the cable BC (8)

Solution:-

Diameter of cylinder = 1.5m

Radius OD = OP =0.75m

Also, AB =6
Now, ∠DAP = 90° − 45° = 45°

Also, ∆𝐴𝑂𝑃 ≅ ∆𝐴𝑂𝐷

1
∠OAP = 2 × 45 = 22.5°

In ∆𝐴𝑂𝑃, ∠OPA =90°

𝑂𝑃
tan∠OAP = 𝐴𝑃

0.75
tan22.5 = 𝐴𝑃

0.75
AP = = 𝑡𝑎𝑛22.5 = 1.8107m

FBD of cylinder is as shown

Since the cylinder is in equilibrium,

By Lami’s theorem.

𝑊 𝑅𝐷 𝑅𝑃
= =
sin(180−45) sin(90+45) 𝑠𝑖𝑛90

1000 𝑅𝐷 1000 𝑅𝑃
= and =
𝑠𝑖𝑛135 𝑠𝑖𝑛135 𝑠𝑖𝑛135 1

𝑅𝐷 = 1000N and 𝑅𝑃 = 1414.2136N

FBD of beam AB is as shown

Let Q be mid-point of AB

AQ= 3m

Since beam AB is in equilibrium,

⅀𝑀𝐴 = 0

−𝑅𝑃 × 𝐴𝑃 − 400 × 𝐴𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑠45 + 𝑇𝑠𝑖𝑛(30 + 45) × 𝐴𝐵 = 0

-1414.2136× 1.8107 − 400 × 3 × 0.7071 + 𝑇 × 0.9659 × 6 = 0

T = 588.266N

Also, ⅀𝐹𝑋 = 0

𝑅𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 + 𝑅𝑃 𝑐𝑜𝑠45 − 𝑇𝑠𝑖𝑛60 = 0

𝑅𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 + 1414.2136 × 0.7071 − 588.266 × 0.866 = 0

𝑅𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 = −490.5676 ………………….(1)

And ⅀𝐹𝑌 = 0

𝑅𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 − 400 − 𝑅𝑃 𝑠𝑖𝑛45 + 𝑇𝑐𝑜𝑠60 = 0

𝑅𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 − 400 − 1414.2136 × 0.7071 + 588.266 × 0.5 = 0

𝑅𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 = 1105.8790 ……………………(2)

Squaring and adding (1) and (2)

𝑅𝐴 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 + 𝑅𝐴 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝛼 = (−490.5676)2 + (1105.8790)2

𝑅𝐴 = 1209.8037N

𝑅 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 1105.8790
Dividing, (2) by (1) , 𝑅 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 =
𝐴 490.5676

𝛼 = tan−1 2.25431 = 66.0779°

Hence,

1. Wall reaction at D = 𝑅𝐷 = 1000N

2. Hinged reaction at support A = 1209.8037

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Q2] c) Two balls of 0.12kg collide when they are moving with velocities 2m/sec and
6m/sec perpendicular to each other as shown in fig. if the coefficient of restitution
between ‘A’ and ‘B’ is 0.8 determine the velocity of ‘A’ and ‘B’ after impact (6)

Solution:-

𝑚1 = 𝑚2 = 0.12𝑘𝑔 𝑢1𝑥 = 2𝑚/𝑠 𝑢1𝑦 = 0𝑚/𝑠 𝑢2𝑥 = 0𝑚/𝑠 𝑢2𝑦 = 6𝑚/𝑠 c =0.8

Case1 :- line of impact is X-axis

Velocities along Y-axis remains constant

𝑣1𝑦 = 𝑢1𝑦 = 0𝑚/𝑠 and 𝑣2𝑦 = 𝑢2𝑦 = 6𝑚/𝑠 ………….(1)

By law of conservation of momentum,

𝑚1 𝑢1𝑥 + 𝑚2 𝑢2𝑥 = 𝑚1 𝑣1𝑥 + 𝑚2 𝑣2𝑥

0.12× 2 + 0.12 × 0 = 0.12 × 𝑣1𝑥 + 0.12 × 𝑣2𝑥

Dividing by 0.12 , 2 = 𝑣2𝑥 + 𝑣1𝑥 ……………(2)

𝑣 −𝑣
Also, coefficient of restitution = e = 𝑢2𝑥 −𝑢1𝑥
1𝑥 2𝑥

𝑣2𝑥 −𝑣1𝑥
0.8 = 2−0

1.6 = 𝑣2𝑥 − 𝑣1𝑥 ……………(3)

Solving (2) and (3)

𝑣2𝑥 = 1.8𝑚/𝑠 and 𝑣1𝑥 = 0.2𝑚/𝑠 ………………..(4)

From (1) and (4)

𝑣1 = √𝑣1𝑥 2 + 𝑣1𝑦 2 and 𝑣2 = √𝑣2𝑥 2 + 𝑣2𝑦 2

𝑣1 = √0.22 + 02 and 𝑣2 = √1.82 + 62

𝑣1 = 0.2𝑚/𝑠 and 𝑣2 = 6.2642𝑚/𝑠

Also after impact

Velocity of ball A = 0.2m/s

Velocity of ball B = 6.2642 m/s

Case 2:- line of impact is y-axis

Velocities along x-axis remains constant

𝑣1𝑥 = 𝑢1𝑥 = 2𝑚/𝑠 and 𝑣2𝑥 = 𝑢2𝑥 = 0𝑚/𝑠 ………….(5)

By law of conservation of momentum,

𝑚1 𝑢1𝑦 + 𝑚2 𝑢2𝑦 = 𝑚1 𝑣1𝑦 + 𝑚2 𝑣2𝑦

0.12× 0 + 0.12 × 6 = 0.12 × 𝑣1𝑦 + 0.12 × 𝑣2𝑦

Dividing by 0.12 , 6 = 𝑣2𝑦 + 𝑣1𝑦 ……………(6)

𝑣2𝑦 −𝑣1𝑦
Also, coefficient of restitution = e =
𝑢1𝑦 −𝑢2𝑦

𝑣2𝑦 −𝑣1𝑦
0.8 = 0−6

-4.8 = 𝑣2𝑦 − 𝑣1𝑦 ……………(7)

Solving (6) and (7)

𝑣2𝑦 = 0.6𝑚/𝑠 and 𝑣1𝑦 = 5.4𝑚/𝑠 ………………..(8)

From (4) and (8)

𝑣1 = √𝑣1𝑥 2 + 𝑣1𝑦 2 and 𝑣2 = √𝑣2𝑥 2 + 𝑣2𝑦 2

𝑣1 = √22 + 5.4 and 𝑣2 = √02 + 0.62

𝑣1 = 5.7585𝑚/𝑠 and 𝑣2 = 0.6𝑚/𝑠

𝑣1𝑦 5.4
Also, 𝛼1 = tan−1 ( 𝑣 ) = tan−1 ( 2 ) = 69.67°
1𝑥

Hence, after impact

Velocity of ball A = 5.7585 m/s

Velocity of ball B = 0.6m/s

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Q3] a) Find the centroid of the shaded portion of the given area shown in figure (8)

Solution:-

In ∆AOB

OB = 8cm
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐵
tan60 = 𝐵𝑂 ∴ √3 = ∴ AB = 8√3
8

Also OD = 8cm and CD = 3cm

OC = 8-3=5cm

SR NO PART Area(in 𝑐𝑚2 ) X-co-ord of Y-co-ord of A𝑥1 A𝑦1

C.G.(𝑥1) C.G.(𝑦1)
𝐵 8
1) Triangle AOB = 0.5BH 8−3 =8−3 𝐻 8√3 295.6033 256.000
B =8, H= 8√3 = 0.5× 8 × =
= 5.3333 3 3
8√3 =4.6188
=55.4256
2) Semicircle 0.5𝜋𝑅2 0 4𝑅 −4 × 8 0.0000 -341.333
− =
radius(R)=8 =0.5× 82 𝜋 3𝜋 3
=100.5372 = -3.3955
3) Cut -0.5𝜋𝑟 2 -5 4𝑟 −4 × 3 70.6858 18.000
− =
semicircle =-0.5× 32 𝜋 3𝜋 3
radius(r) = 3 =-14.1372 = -1.2732
Total 141.8193 366.2891 -67.3333

⅀𝐴𝑥 366.2891
𝑥̅ = = = 2.5828
⅀𝐴 141.8193

⅀𝐴𝑦 −67.3333
𝑦̅ = = = −0.4748
⅀𝐴 141.8193

Hence centroid is equals to (2.5828,0.4748 )

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Q3] b) Knowing that the tension in AC is 𝑻𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎𝒌𝑵 determine required values 𝑻𝟏 and
𝑻𝟑 so that the resultant of the three forces are ‘A’ is vertical. Also, calculate this resultant.
(6)

Solution:-

From figure we observe,

A = (0,48,0) ; B =(16,0,12); C = (16,0,-24) ; D = (-14,0,0);

Let 𝑎̅, 𝑏̅, 𝑐̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑̅ be the position vectors of points A,B,C and D respectively w.r.t. to origin 0.

∴ ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐴 = 𝑎̅ = 48𝑗⃗ ; 𝑂𝐵 = 𝑏̅ = 16𝑗⃗ + 12𝑘⃗⃗;
̅̅̅̅

̅̅̅̅ ⃗⃗; ̅̅̅̅

𝑂𝐶 = 𝑐̅ = 16𝑖⃗ − 24𝑘 𝑂𝐷 = 𝑑̅ = −14𝑖⃗;

Now,

̅̅̅̅ = 𝑏̅ − 𝑐̅ = 16𝑗⃗ + 12𝑘⃗⃗ − 48𝑗⃗

𝐴𝐵

⃗⃗ − 48𝑗⃗
̅̅̅̅ = 𝑐̅ − 𝑎̅ = 16𝑖⃗ − 24𝑘
𝐴𝐶

𝐴𝐷 = 𝑑̅ − 𝑎̅ = −14𝑖⃗ − 48𝑗⃗
̅̅̅̅

Magnitude,

̅̅̅̅| = √(16)2 + (−48)2 + (12)2 = 52

|𝐴𝐵

̅̅̅̅ | = √(16)2 + (−48)2 + (−24)2 = 56

|𝐴𝐶

̅̅̅̅ | = √(−14)2 + (−48)2 = 50

|𝐴𝐷

Unit vector,

̅̅̅̅ ⃗⃗
16𝑖⃗−48𝑗⃗+12𝑘
̂ = 𝐴𝐵 =
𝐴𝐵
4 12 3
= 13 𝑖⃗ − 13 𝑗⃗ + 13 𝑘⃗⃗
̅̅̅̅ |
|𝐴𝐵 52

̅̅̅̅ ⃗⃗
16𝑖⃗−48𝑗⃗−24𝑘
̂ = 𝐴𝐶 =
𝐴𝐶
2 6 3
= 7 𝑖⃗ − 7 𝑗⃗ − 7 𝑘⃗⃗
̅̅̅̅ |
|𝐴𝐶 56

̅̅̅̅ −14𝑖⃗−48𝑗⃗
̂ = 𝐴𝐷 =
𝐴𝐷
−7 24
= 25 𝑖⃗ − 25 𝑗⃗
̅̅̅̅ |
|𝐴𝐷 50
 4 12 3
Tension in AB = 𝑇̅1 = 𝑇1 (13 𝑖⃗ − 13 𝑗⃗ + 13 𝑘⃗⃗)

2 6 3
Tension in AC = 𝑇̅2 = 20 (7 𝑖⃗ − 7 𝑗⃗ − 7 𝑘⃗⃗)

−7 24
Tension in AD = 𝑇̅3 = 𝑇3 ( 25 𝑖⃗ − 25 𝑗⃗)

4 12 3 2 6 3 −7 24
Net force = 𝑇̅1 + 𝑇̅2 + 𝑇̅3 = 𝑇1 (13 𝑖⃗ − 13 𝑗⃗ + 13 𝑘⃗⃗ ) + 20 (7 𝑖⃗ − 7 𝑗⃗ − 7 𝑘⃗⃗) + 𝑇3 ( 25 𝑖⃗ − 25 𝑗⃗)

4 2 7 12 6 24 3 3
= (13 𝑇1 + 20 × 7 − 25 𝑇3 ) 𝑖⃗ − (13 𝑇1 + 20 × 7 + 25 𝑇3 ) 𝑗⃗ + (13 𝑇1 − 20 × 7) 𝑘⃗⃗ ……….(1)

Given, the resultant at ‘A’ is vertical i.e., along y-axis

3 3 4 2 7
𝑇 − 20 × 7 & 𝑇 + 20 × 7 − 25 𝑇3 ………………….(2)
13 1 13 1

3 3
𝑇 = 20 × 7
13 1

260
𝑇1 = = 37.1429𝑘𝑁 ……………..(3)
7

4 260 2 7
From (2) and (3), 13 × + 20 × 7 − 25 𝑇3 = 0
7

120 7
= 𝑇3
7 25

3000
𝑇3 = = 61.2245𝑘𝑁 ………………(4)
49

From (1), (3) and (4),

12 260 6 24 3000
Resultant = − (13 × + 20 × 7 + 25 × )
7 49

5400
Resultant = − = −110.2041𝑘𝑁
49

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q3] c) Fig shows a collar of mass 20kg which is supported on the smooth rod. The
attached springs are both compressed 0.4m when d =0.5m. determine the speed of the
collar after the applied force F=100N causes it to be displaced so that d =0.3m. knowing
that collar is at rest when d=0.5m (6)

Solution:-

m =20kg,

position 1: when d =0.5m

v =0
1
𝐾𝐸1 = 𝑚𝑣12 = 0 and 𝑃𝐸1 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ = 20𝑔 × 0.5 = 10𝑔
2

Compression of Top spring (𝑥 𝑇1) = 0.4m

Compression of B spring (𝑥𝐵1) = 0.4m

1 2 1
Spring energy of top spring = 𝐸𝑆𝑇1 = 𝐾𝑇1𝑥 𝑇1 = × 1.5 × 0.42 = 0.12J
2 2

1 2 1
Spring energy of bottom spring = 𝐸𝑆𝐵1 = 2 𝐾𝐵1 𝑥𝐵1 = × 2.5 × 0.42 = 0.2J
2

Position 2: when d = 0.3m

Let v be the velocity of the block

1 1
𝐾𝐸2 = 2 𝑚𝑣 2 = 2 × 20 × 𝑣 2 = 10𝑣 2 and 𝑃𝐸2 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ = 20𝑔 × 0.3 = 6𝑔
Compression of top spring (𝑥 𝑇2)= 0.4-0.2 = 0.2m

Compression of bottom spring (𝑥𝐵2)= 0.4+0.2 = 0.6m

1 2 1
Spring energy of top spring = 𝐸𝑆𝐵2 = 2 𝐾𝑇2𝑥 𝑇2 = 2 × 1.5 × 0. 22 = 0.03J

1 2 1
Spring energy of bottom spring = 𝐸𝑆𝐵2 = 2 𝐾𝐵2 𝑥𝐵2 = × 2.5 × 0.62 = 0.45J
2

Work done by the vertical component of the force = W =100sin60× 0.2 = 17.32015J

Applying work energy principle for the position (1) and (2) , 𝑈1−2 = 𝐾𝐸2 − 𝐾𝐸1

W + 𝑃𝐸1 − 𝑃𝐸2 + 𝐸𝑆𝑇1 + 𝐸𝑆𝐵1 − 𝐸𝑆𝐵2 − 𝐸𝑆𝐵2 = 𝐾𝐸2 − 𝐾𝐸1

17.3205+10g-6g + 0.12+0.2-0.03-0.45 = 10𝑣 2

56.3871 = 10𝑣 2

V = 2.3746 m/s

The speed of the collar after the force F is applied = 2.3746 m/s.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q4] a) Find the support reactions at point ‘A’ and ‘B’ of the given beam (8)

Solution:-
1
Effective forces of distributed load CAD = 2 × 1 × 10 = 5𝑘𝑁

1
It acts as m from A
3

1
Effective force of distributed load EAD = 2 × 2 × 10 = 10𝑘𝑁

2
It acts at 3m from A
Effective force of distributed load JFBGJ = 3 × 10 = 30kN

If acts at 1.5m from B

1
Effective force of distributed load JGH = 2 × 3 × (20 − 10) = 15kN

It acts at 1m from B

Since the beam is in equilibrium ⅀𝑀𝐴 = 0

1 2
5 × 3 − 10 × 3 − 12𝑠𝑖𝑛30 × 2.5 − 30 × 4.5 − 15 × 5 + 𝑅𝐵 × 6 = 0

−230 + 𝑅𝐵 × 6 = 0

𝑅𝐵 = 38.333kN

Also , ⅀𝐹𝑋 = 0

𝑅𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 − 12𝑐𝑜𝑠30 = 0

𝑅𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 = 10.3923kN ………………(1)

And, ⅀𝐹𝑌 = 0

𝑅𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 − 5 − 10 − 30 − 12𝑠𝑖𝑛30 − 15 + 𝑅𝐵 = 0

𝑅𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 − 66 + 38.333 = 0

𝑅𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 = 27.6667kN …………………..(2)

Squaring and adding (1) and (2) ,

𝑅𝐴 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 + 𝑅𝐴 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝛼 = 10.39232 + 27.66672

𝑅𝐴 = 29.5541kN
𝑅𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 27.6667
Dividing, (2) by (1), = 10.3923
𝑅𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼

𝛼 = tan−1 (2.6622) = 69.4125°

Hence,

Reaction at A = 29.5541

Reaction at B = 38.3333kN

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q4] b) The motion of the particle is defined by the relation a= 0.8t m/𝒔𝟐 where 't' is
measured in sec. It is found that at X = 5cm,V = 12m/sec when t = 2sec find the position
and velocity at t = 6sec. (6)

Solution:-
𝑑𝑣
Given :- a = 0.8t = 0.8𝑡
𝑑𝑡

dv = 0.8tdt

On integration
𝑡2
V = 0.8 x +c
2

Therefore , V = 0.4𝑡 2 + c. ............................(1)

Given ,when t = 2 then V = 12

12 = 0.4 x 22 + c

12 = 1.6 + c

c = 10.4 ..............................(2)

From (1) & (2)

V = 0.4𝑡 2 + 10. .........................(3)

𝑑𝑋
Therefore = 0.4𝑡 2 + 10.
𝑑𝑡

dX = (0.4𝑡 2 + 10)dt
𝑡3
On integration, X = 0.4 x 3
+ 10.4t + k ...................(4)

Given , when t = 2 then X = 5

23
5 = 0.4 x + 10.4 x 2 + k
3

k = -253/15. .......................(5)

From (4) and (5)

𝑡3
X = 0.4 x + 10.4t + k
3

𝑡3 253
X = 0.4 x + 10.4t –
3 15
When t = 6,

From (3) V = 0.4 x 6 x 6 + 10.4 = 24.8m/s

63 253
From (6) X = 0.4 x + 10.4t -
3 15

X = 74.333 from the initial position

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q 4] c) Rod EB in the mechanism shown in the figure has angular velocity of 4 rad/sec at
the instant shown in counter clockwise direction. Calculate

1) Angular velocity of AD 2) velocity of collar ‘D’. 3) velocity or point ‘A’ (6)

Solution:-

𝜔𝐸𝐵 = 4rad/sec , EB = 192mm = 0.192 m

AB = 240mm =0.24m , DB =360mm = 0.36m

Instantaneous center of rotation is the point of intersection of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝑣𝐴 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑣𝐵 .

Let I be the ICR as shown in the figure

In ∆ BID

∠BDI = 30° , ∠BID = 90°

∠IBD = 180-30° − 90° = 60°

IB =0.36sin30 = 0.18 …………………..(1) and

ID = 0.36cos30 = 0.3117m ………………(2)

Also ∠IBA =180- 60° = 120° ……………….(3)

In ∆ IBA, by cosine rule

𝐼𝐴2 = 𝐼𝐵 2 + 𝐴𝐵 2 − 2𝐼𝐴 × 𝐴𝐵 × 𝑐𝑜𝑠∠IBA

𝐼𝐴2 = 0.182 + 0.242 − 2 × 0.18 × 0.24 × 𝑐𝑜𝑠120° ……………..(from 1)

IA = 0.3650m ……………..(4)
𝐴𝐵 𝐼𝐵 𝐼𝐴
By sine rule, 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐼 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵

0.24 0.3650
= ……………..(from 3 & 4)
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐼 𝑠𝑖𝑛120

0.24×𝑠𝑖𝑛120°
sinI = = 0.5694
0.3650

∠AIB = 34.7113°

Now, instantaneous velocity of point B = r𝜔

𝑣𝐵 = 𝐸𝐵 × 𝜔𝐸𝐵 = 0.192 × 4 = 0.768𝑚/𝑠 …………………(5)

𝑣𝐵 𝑣𝐵 0.768
Angular velocity of the rod AD = 𝜔𝐴𝐷 = = = = 4.2667𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠 ………..(from 1 & 5) ……(6)
𝑟 𝐼𝐵 0.18

Instantaneous velocity of point D = r𝜔

= ID× 𝜔𝐴𝐷 = 0.3117 × 4.2667 = 1.3302𝑚/𝑠 ………..(from 2 & 6)

And instantaneous velocity of point A = r𝜔

= IA× 𝜔𝐴𝐷 = 0.3650 × 4.2667 = 1.5572𝑚/𝑠 ……..(from 4 & 6)

Hence,

1. Angular velocity of AD = 4.2667 rad/sec

2. Velocity of collar ‘D’ = 1.3302 m/s

Velocity or point A = 1.5572 m/s

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q5] a) A simply supported pin jointed truss is loaded and supported as shown in fig, (1)
identify the members carrying zero forces (2) find support reactions. (3) find forces in
members CD, CG, FG and CF using method of section (8)

Solution:-
𝐺𝐹 4
In ∆GFC, tan𝜃 = 𝐶𝐹 = 3

4
𝜃 = tan−1 (3) = 53.1301°

sin𝜃 = 0.8 and cos𝜃 = 0.6 ……………………..(1)

zero force members:

loading at joint H is as shown.

Member EH will have zero force.

Similarly, after EH is removed loading at joint E is as shown

Member EG will have zero force.

Support reactions:
As the truss is in equilibrium, ⅀𝑀𝐴 = 0

−30 × 4 − 90𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 × 3 − 60𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 × 8 − 60𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 × 6 − 60 × 8 + 𝑅𝐵 × 16 = 0

-120-360× 0.6 − 270 × 0.8 − 480 × 0.6 − 360 × 0.8 − 480 + 16𝑅𝐵 = 0 ……..(from 1)

-1608+16𝑅𝐵 = 0

𝑅𝐵 = 100.5𝑘𝑁

Also, ⅀𝐹𝑌 = 0

𝑅𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 − 30 − 60 − 90𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 60𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑅𝐵 = 0

𝑅𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 = 79.5𝑘𝑁 ……………(2)

And, ⅀𝐹𝑋 = 0

𝑅𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 + 90𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 60𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 0

𝑅𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 + 150 × 0.8 = 0

𝑅𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 = −120𝑘𝑁 ……………..(3)

Squaring and adding (2) and (3),

(𝑅𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼)2 + (𝑅𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼)2 = (79.5)2 + (−120)2

𝑅𝐴2 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝛼 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼) = 6320.25 + 14400

𝑅𝐴2 = 20720.25

𝑅𝐴 = 143.9453𝑘𝑁

Dividing, (2) and (3) , we get

tan𝛼 = 0.6625

𝛼 = 33.5245°

Method of sections:

Applying conditions of equilibrium to the section as shown ⅀𝑀𝐴 = 0

-30× 4 − (90 + 𝐹𝐶𝐺 )𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 × 4 − (90 + 𝐹𝐶𝐺 )𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 × 3 = 0

-120-(90+𝐹𝐶𝐺 ) × 0.6 × 4 − (90 + 𝐹𝐶𝐺 ) × 0.8 × 3 = 0 ………………..(from 1)

-4.8(90+𝐹𝐶𝐺 ) = 120

𝐹𝐶𝐺 = −115𝑘𝑁 ……………….(4)

Also, ⅀𝐹𝑌 = 0

𝑅𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 − 30 − 𝐹𝐶𝐺 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝐹𝐶𝐷 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 90𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 0

79.5-30-115× 0.6 + 𝐹𝐶𝐷 × 0.6 − 90 × 0.6 = 0

64.5+0.6𝐹𝐶𝐷 = 0

𝐹𝐶𝐷 = −107.5𝑘𝑁 ………………….(5)

And, ⅀𝐹𝑋 = 0

𝑅𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 + 𝐹𝐹𝐺 + 𝐹𝐶𝐺 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 𝐹𝐶𝐷 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 90𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 0

-120+𝐹𝐹𝐺 − 115 × 0.8 − 107.5 × 0.8 + 90 × 0.8 = 0

𝐹𝐹𝐺 = 226𝑘𝑁

Applying conditions of equilibrium to the section shown below, ⅀𝑀𝐴 = 0

𝐹𝐹𝐶 × 4 − 30 × 4 = 0

𝐹𝐹𝐶 = 30𝑘𝑁 …………………(6)

Also, ⅀𝐹𝑌 = 0

𝑅𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 − 30 + 𝐹𝐴𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝐹𝐹𝐶 =0

79.5 – 30-𝐹𝐴𝐶 × 0.6 + 30 = 0

𝐹𝐴𝐶 = 132.5𝑘𝑁

Members carrying zero forces are EH and EG

Support reactions:-

𝑅𝐴 = 143.9453𝑘𝑁

𝑅𝐵 = 100.5𝑘𝑁

Forces in members:-

CD = 107.5kN(C) CG = 115kN(C)
FG = 226kN(T) and CF = 30kN(T)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q5] b) A jet of water discharging from nozzle hits a vertical screen placed at a distance of
6m from the nozzle at a height of 4m. when the screen is shifted by 4m away from the
nozzle from its initial position the jet hits the screen again at the same point. Find the
angle of projection and velocity of projection of the jet at the nozzle. (6)

Solution:-

𝑔𝑥 2
The path of the projectile is given by y=xtan𝜃 − 2𝑢2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 ………….(1)

The water jet passes through the point A(6,4) and B(10,4)
36𝑔
Substituting , x =6 and y = 4 in (1) we get 4 = 6tan𝜃− 2𝑢2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 ……………..(2)

100𝑔
Substituting , x =10 and y = 4 in (1) we get 4 = 10tan𝜃− 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 ……………..(3)
2𝑢2

Multiplying equation (2) by 25 and equation (3) by 9 and then subtract

900𝑔 900𝑔
∴ 100 − 36 = (150𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 ) − (90𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 )
2𝑢2 2𝑢2

∴ 64 = 60𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
64
𝜃 = tan−1 (60) = 46.8476° ………………(4)

From (3) and (4) ,

100𝑔
4 = 10tan(46.8476) − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (46.8476)
2𝑢2

1048.58
= 6.6667
𝑢2

𝑢 2 = 157.2862

U = 12.5414 m/s

Hence the angle of projection = 46.8476°

Velocity of projection = 12.5414 m/s

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q5] c) In a crack and connecting rod mechanism the length of crack and connecting rod
are 300mm and 1200mm respectively. The crack is rotating at 180 rpm. Find the velocity
of piston, when the crack is at an angle of 45° with the horizontal (6)

Solution:-

Let OA and AB be the crank and the connecting rod.

180
Frequency(n) = 180rpm = = 3rps
60

OA = 300nm = 0.3m , AB = 1200mm = 1.2m

We assume crank is rotating in anti-clockwise direction

∴ Angular velocity of the crank = 𝜔𝐴𝐵 = 2𝜋𝑛 = 2𝜋 × 3 = 18.8496 rad/s

∴ instantaneous velocity of point A = r𝜔

𝑣𝐴 = 𝑂𝐴 × 𝜔𝑂𝐴 = 0.3 × 18.8496 = 5.6549 m/s

Instantaneous centre of rotation is the point of intersection of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝑣𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑣𝐵

Let I be the ICR of the connecting rod AB as shown in figure.

𝐴𝐵 𝑂𝐴
In ∆OAB by sine rule, 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑂 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵

1.2 0.3
∴ 𝑠𝑖𝑛45 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛∠𝐴𝐵𝑂
 0.3𝑠𝑖𝑛45
∴ 𝑠𝑖𝑛∠𝐴𝐵𝑂 = = 0.1768
1.2

∴ ∠𝐴𝐵𝑂 = 10.1821°

In ∆ IOB , ∠𝐵𝐼𝑂 = 180° − 90° − 45° = 45°

In ∆ IAB, ∠𝐴𝐵𝐼 = 90 − 10.1821° = 79.8179°

∴ ∠𝐼𝐴𝐵 = 180° − 45° − 79.8179° = 55.1821°

𝐴𝐵 𝐼𝐵 𝐼𝐴
In ∆ IAB by sine rule, 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐼 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵

1.2 𝐼𝐵 𝐼𝐴
∴ 𝑠𝑖𝑛45 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛55.1821 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛79.8179

1.2 𝐼𝐵 1.2 𝐼𝐴
∴ 𝑠𝑖𝑛45 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛55.1821 and ∴ 𝑠𝑖𝑛45 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛79.8179

1.2𝑠𝑖𝑛55.1821
IB = = 1.3931 and
𝑠𝑖𝑛45

1.2𝑠𝑖𝑛79.8179
IA = = 1.6703
𝑠𝑖𝑛45

𝑣𝐴 𝑣𝐴 5.6549
Angular velocity of the rod AB = 𝜔𝐴𝐵 = = = = 3.3855 rad/s
𝑟 𝐼𝐴 1.6703

Instantaneous velocity of B = 𝑟𝜔𝐴𝐵 = 𝐼𝐵 × 𝜔𝐴𝐵 = 1.3932 × 3.3855 = 4.7168 m/s

Hence, velocity of piston = 4.7168 m/s

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q6] a) Force F = 80i+50j-60k passes through a point A(6,2,6). Compute its moment about a
point B(8,1,4) (4)
Solution:-

⃗⃗
𝐹̅ = 80𝑖⃗ + 50𝑗⃗ − 60𝑘

Let 𝑎̅ and 𝑏̅ be the position vectors of point A and B respectively.

𝑎̅ = 6𝑖⃗ + 2𝑗⃗ + 6𝑘⃗⃗ and 𝑏̅ = 8𝑖⃗ + 1𝑗⃗ + 4𝑘⃗⃗

𝐵𝐴 = 𝑎̅ − 𝑏̅ = (6𝑖⃗ + 2𝑗⃗ + 6𝑘⃗⃗ )-( 8𝑖⃗ + 1𝑗⃗ + 4𝑘⃗⃗ ) = −2𝑖⃗ + 1𝑗⃗ + 2𝑘⃗⃗
̅̅̅̅

Moment of F about B = ̅̅̅̅

𝐵𝐴 × 𝐹̅

𝑖⃗ 𝑗⃗ 𝑘⃗⃗
B = |−2 1 2 | = 𝑖⃗(−60 − 100) − 𝑗⃗(120 − 160) + 𝑘⃗⃗(−100 − 80) = -160𝑖⃗ + 40𝑗⃗ − 180𝑘⃗⃗
80 50 −60
 ⃗⃗ units
Hence , moment of F about B is -160𝑖⃗ + 40𝑗⃗ − 180𝑘

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q6] b) A force of 5KN is acting on the wedge as shown in fig. the coefficient of friction at
all rubbing surfaces is 0.25. find the load ‘W’ which can be held in position. The weight of
block ‘B’ may be neglected. (8)

Solution:-

Let 𝑁1 , 𝑁2, 𝑁3,be the normal reaction at the surface of contact

∴ 𝐹𝑆1 = 𝜇1 𝑁1 = 0.25𝑁1 , 𝐹𝑆2 = 𝜇2 𝑁2 = 0.25𝑁2, 𝐹𝑆3 = 𝜇3 𝑁3 = 0.25𝑁3 ………………..(1)

Block A is impending to move towards right.

Since the block A is under equilibrium , ⅀𝐹𝑌 = 0

∴ 𝑁3 − 𝐹𝑆2 𝑠𝑖𝑛45 − 𝑁2 𝑐𝑜𝑠45 = 0

∴ 𝑁3 − 0.25𝑁2 × 0.7071 − 𝑁2 × 7071 = 0 …………….(from 1)

∴ 𝑁3 − 0.8839𝑁2 = 0 …………………..(2)

Also ⅀𝐹𝑋 = 0

−5 − 𝐹𝑆3 − 𝐹𝑆2 𝑐𝑜𝑠45 + 𝑁2 𝑠𝑖𝑛45 = 0

∴ −5 − 0.25𝑁3 − 0.25𝑁2 × 0.7071 + 𝑁2 × 0.7071 = 0 ………………(from 1)

∴ −0.25𝑁3 + 0.5303𝑁2 = 5 ………………….(3)

Solving (2) and (3) simultaneously, we get 𝑁3 = 14.2876kN and 𝑁2 = 16.1642kN ………………(4)

Block B is impending to move down

Since the block B is under equilibrium , ⅀𝐹𝑋 = 0

∴ 𝑁1 𝑠𝑖𝑛60 − 𝐹𝑆1 𝑐𝑜𝑠60 + 𝐹𝑆2 𝑐𝑜𝑠45 − 𝑁2 𝑠𝑖𝑛45 = 0

∴ 0.866𝑁1 − 0.25𝑁1 × 0.5 + 0.25𝑁2 × 0.7071 − 𝑁2 × 0.7071 = 0 ……………(from 1)

∴ 0.866𝑁1 − 0.125𝑁1 + 0.1768 × 16.1642 − 16.1642 × 0.7071 = 0 …………………….(from 4)

∴ 0.741𝑁1 − 8.5719 = 0

𝑁1 = 11.4939 kN …………………..(5)

Also ⅀𝐹𝑌 = 0

∴ −𝑊 + 𝑁1 𝑐𝑜𝑠60 + 𝐹𝑆1 𝑠𝑖𝑛60 + 𝐹𝑆2 𝑠𝑖𝑛45 + 𝑁2 𝑐𝑜𝑠45 = 0

∴ 𝑁1 × 0.5 + 0.25𝑁1 × 0.866 + 0.25𝑁2 × 0.7071 + 𝑁2 × 0.7071 = 𝑊 ……………..(from 1)

∴ 11.4939× 0.5 + 0.2165 × 11.4939 + 0.1768 × 16.1642 + 16.1642 × 0.7071 = 𝑊…..(from 4 and 5)

∴ W = 22.5225kN

Hence a load of 22.5225kN can be held in the position.

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Q6] c) The stiffness of the spring is 600 N/m. find the force ‘P’ required to maintain
equilibrium such that 𝜽 = 𝟑𝟎°. The spring is unstretched when 𝜽 = 𝟔𝟎°.neglect weight
of the rods. Use method of virtual work. (4)

Solution:-

Principle of virtual work:-

If a body is in equilibrium the total virtual work of forces acting on the body is zero for any virtual
displacement.

K = 600N/m, 𝜃 = 30°

When 𝜃 = 60°

AM = ABcos60° = 0.2𝑐𝑜𝑠60° = 0.1 and BM = ABsin60° = 0.2𝑠𝑖𝑛60° = 0.1732m

Given, the spring is unstretched

Unstretched length of the spring = AC = 2AM =0.2m

When 𝜃 = 30°

AM = ABcos30° = 0.2𝑐𝑜𝑠30° = 0.1732 and BM =ABsin30° = 0.2𝑠𝑖𝑛30° = 0.1m

AC = 2AM =0.4cos30° = 0.3464m

Extension in the spring(x) = 0.3464-0.2 = 0.1464m

Spring force(F) = Kx = 600× 0.1464 = 87.8461N

Let rod AB have a small virtual angular displacement 𝛿𝜃 in the clockwise direction

The new position of rods AB’ & B’C’ is shown dotted

The reaction forces 𝑅𝐴 and 𝑅𝐵 are not active forces, so they do not perform any virtual work

Let A be the origin and dotted line through A be the X-axis of the system

Consider,

Active forces Co-ordinate of the point of action Virtual displacement

along the forces
F = 87.8461 X Co-ordinate of C = 𝑥𝑐 =0.4cos𝜃 𝛿𝑥𝑐 = -0.4sin𝜃 𝛿𝜃
P Y Co-ordinate of C = 𝑦𝐵 =0.2sin𝜃 𝛿𝑦𝐵 = 0.2cos𝜃 𝛿𝜃

By principle of virtual work, 𝛿𝑈 = 0

-F× 𝛿𝑥𝑐 − 𝑃 × 𝛿𝑦𝐵 = 0

-87.8461× −0.4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝛿𝜃 − 𝑃 × 0.2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝛿𝜃 = 0

Dividing by 𝛿𝜃 and put 𝜃 =30, 35.1384sin30° − 0.2𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑠30° = 0
35.1384𝑠𝑖𝑛30°
=𝑃
0.2×𝑐𝑜𝑠30°

P= 101.4359N

Hence, the force P required to maintain equilibrium = 101.4359kN

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Q6] d) Two masses are interconnected with the pulley system. Neglecting frictional effect
of pulleys and cord, determine the acceleration of masses 𝒎𝟏 , take 𝒎𝟏 = 50kg and 𝒎𝟐 =
40kg. (4)

Solution:-

𝒎𝟏 = 50kg and 𝒎𝟐 = 40kg

Let 𝑥1 and 𝑥2 be displacement of pulleys A and B respectively.

The string around the pulley is of constant length.

𝑘1 + 𝑥1 + 𝑘2 + 𝑥1 + 𝑘3 + 𝑥2= L

𝑘1 + 𝑘2 + 𝑘3 + 2𝑥1 = L - 𝑥2

On differentiating w.r.t 't' we get 2𝑣1 = -𝑣2

𝑑𝑥
Where 𝑑𝑡 = v the velocities of the two pulleys again differentiating w.r.t we get

2𝑎1 = 𝑎2
 1
𝑎1= 2 𝑎2 ...............(1)

Let T be the Tension in the cord

Applying Newton’s 2nd law , Σ𝐹𝑌 = 𝑚1 𝑎1

2T- 50g = 50 x (0.5) 𝑎2 ................from (1)

2T = 50g + 25𝑎2.

T = 25g +12.5𝑎2. ..............(2) (dividing by 2)

Applying Newton’s 2nd law to 40kg block

Σ𝐹𝑌 = 𝑚2 𝑎2

40g-T = 40𝑎2

40g – (25g +12.5𝑎2) = 40𝑎2 ..........from (2)

40g – 25g – 12.5𝑎2 = 40𝑎2

15g = 52.5𝑎2
15𝑔
𝑎2 = 52.5 = 2.8029 m/𝑠 2

Acceleration of the mass 𝑚2 = 2.8029 m/𝑠 2