Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate
understanding of how the
parts of the human
reproductive system work.
Courtesy: Google image
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MAIN TYPES OF REPRODUCTION
1. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
• Is the production of a new organism from two
parents.
• A sperm from a male and an egg from a
female join into single unit in a process called
fertilization.
• Dogs, cats, butterflies, mosquitos, and frogs
reproduce sexually.
• Fertilization in dogs and cats takes place
inside the female’s body (internal fertilization). Courtesy: Google image
• Fertilization in frogs happens outside the
female’s body; that is in water where they live
(external).
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SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
• The fertilized egg cell contains genetic
material from both parents. The fertilized
egg then goes on to develop into a new
individual.
• The new individual will receive some
characteristics, or traits, from each parent.
• Trait is any characteristics of a living thing.
For example, color and height of a plant
Courtesy: Google image
that may passed to offspring from parents.
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MAIN TYPES OF REPRODUCTION
2. ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
• Is the production of a new organism from a
single parent. It produces a new offspring that
has the same genetic information as the
parent. No male and female sec cells
combine during asexual reproduction.
• Since there is only one parent in asexual
reproduction, genetic information is not mixed.
The offspring are identical to the original
parent.
• You can find organisms that reproduce
asexually in all six kingdoms. All members of Courtesy: Google image
the bacteria kingdom and most unicellular
protist s reproduce asexually.
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MAIN TYPES OF REPRODUCTION
2. ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
• Most fungi and many plants can
reproduce asexually during a part of
their lives and sexually during
another.
• Asexual reproduction is less
common in animals.
• Only few species of animals are
capable of producing offspring
asexually such as scorpions,
echinoderms, lizards (Komodo
dragon), and insects (honey bees,
aphids, and walking stick).
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Courtesy: Google image
Sexual Asexual
Types of Number of Sex Cells Offspring Mixing of
Reproduction Parents Traits
Asexual 1 Not needed Identical to No
parent
Sexual 2 Needed Different from yes
parent
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How do organisms reproduce asexually?
There are several methods of asexual reproduction shared by wide variety of
organisms.
1. Splitting Courtesy: Google image
Most unicellular protists and bacteria
reproduce simply by splitting into two cells.
Before splitting, the organisms copies its own
genetic material. The two new offspring
organisms will then have a copy of genetic
material they need to carry out life
processes.
Some bacteria can divide into two new
organisms every 10-20 minutes.
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How do organisms reproduce asexually?
2. Budding
Cnidarians, sponges, and some
fungi, can reproduce through
budding. During budding, a small
part of the parent’s body grows
into a tiny and complete version
of the parent.
In some cases, the bud breaks
off from the parent organism and
continues to grow.
In other organisms, such as
coral, a newly formed bud
remains attached from the
parent. Courtesy: Google image
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Other forms of Asexual Reproduction in Animals
Some species of fish, insects, frogs
and lizards go through asexual
reproduction in a different way. The
females of these animals produce
eggs. Normally, these eggs would
be fertilized by male sex cells, but
in some cases, fertilization NEVER
takes place. The eggs just develop
into a new animal without
fertilization. For example, when
queen honeybees lay eggs, some
are fertilized, others are not. The
Courtesy: Google image
fertilized eggs develop into
females, or worker bees. The
unfertilized eggs become males, or
drone bees.
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Other forms of Asexual Reproduction in Animals
Vegetative Propagation
It is an asexual
reproduction in plants that
produces new plants from
leaves, roots or stems.
Many plants commonly
reproduce this way by
producing runners.
Runners are plant stems
that lie on or under the
ground and sprout up as
new plants.
Courtesy: Google image
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Other forms of Asexual Reproduction in Animals
Vegetative Propagation
Runners can also grow
downward from hanging
plants. Strawberry plant,
aspen trees, ferns, and
most grasses can
reproduce using runners.
Courtesy: Google image
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Comparison of Sexual and Asexual Reproduction
• Sexual reproduction • Asexual reproduction is
promotes variety in a convenient. Organism
species. does not have to depend
• Can give rise to offspring on another organism.
that are better suited to • Can live in isolation and
environmental changes still reproduce.
than parents. • Tend to be well suited to
• The offspring produced their environment and
are not identical to either produce equally well-
parent. Some are suited offspring.
smaller, larger or faster
than others.
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• Cloning is an artificial way
to produce an organism.
Scientist were able to
create a cloned sheep
named Dolly (July 5, 1996).
• Human cloning is
currently illegal in virtually
all parts of the world, but
that doesn't mean it will
stay that way.
• To date, no human clone
has ever been born.
Courtesy: Google image
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• Drone bees make up 25%
of a beehive population.
Question:
If there are 30,000 bees in a
hive, how many of them are
drones?
Courtesy: Google image
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Learning Competency:
S5LTIIa-1
Describe the parts of the
reproductive system and
their functions.
Courtesy: Google image
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Source & Courtesy:
https://www.livescience.com/44076-reproductive-system-surprising-facts.html
• Female human can carry up to 80 • The vagina has something in
youngs. common with tomatoes: they're both
• A female's ovum, or egg, is the acidic.
largest human cell, coming in at about • Men have vastly more gametes than
120 micrometers in diameter. women.
• The average penis size is less than 6 • Infertility is more common than you
inches long may think. Almost 1 in 6 adult couples
• In America, the average penis stands are infertile.
erect at 5.6 inches (14.2 centimeters) • Higher-pitched men may win in the
long, according to a 2013 survey sperm department.
detailed in the Journal of Sexual
Medicine.
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Human Reproduction
• Reproduction is the process
that gives rise to many forms
of life.
• Living things reproduce to
ensure the survival of their
species.
• In humans, as with other
organisms, reproduction also
plays an important role in the
different looks of people.
Courtesy: Google image
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Human Reproduction
• Human beings undergo
sexual reproduction.
• Sexual reproduction
involves 2 parents- male
and female.
• Men and women are born
with organs that will Female gamete – Egg Cell Male gamete – Sperm Cell
develop and eventually
function to create a human
life.
• Each parent produces
different gametes or sex
cells that are necessary for
reproduction.
Courtesy: Google image
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Functions of Human Reproductive System
1. Production of egg and sperm.
Courtesy: Google image
Female gamete – Egg Cell Male gamete – Sperm Cell
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Functions of Human Reproductive System
2. Transport and sustenance of these cells.
Courtesy: Google image
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Functions of Human Reproductive System
3. Nurture and development of offspring.
Courtesy: Google image
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Functions of Human Reproductive System
4. Production of hormones.
Courtesy: Google image
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• Testes (sing. Testis) – main
male reproductive organ.
Produces millions of sperms
and male hormone,
testosterone.
• Scrotum – protective sac of
each testis. Descended from
the body because sperms are
sensitive to high body
temperature.
• Epididymis – thin and tightly
coiled tube where sperms
initially stored for 10-20 days
until they mature.
Courtesy: Google image
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• Vas deferens – thick-walled
tube located between
epididymis and seminal vesicle.
This part (vas deferens) is
essential for transport of sperm
cells.
• ACCESSORY GLANDS –
secretes seminal fluids that
nourish the sperm and aid in its
movement through the sperm
duct system.
• Seminal vesicle
• Prostate glands
• Bulbourethral (Cowper’s gland)
Courtesy: Google image
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• Penis - external male
reproductive organ.
• Urethra – tube passageway of
semen and urine. Semen
contains a mixture of sperm
cells and fluids secreted by the
accessory glands.
• Ejaculation – process in
which semen is released
through the urethra and
penis.
Courtesy: Google image
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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• Ovaries – main female
reproductive organ. Almond-
shaped and contains 40,000 to
300,000 immature eggs.
Estrogen and Progesterone
are hormones produced by
ovaries.
• Fallopian tubes (oviducts) –
passageway of egg cell to the
uterus. It is in this tube where
sperm fuses with an egg during
fertilization.
• Uterus – muscular organ where
fertilized egg is implanted,
nourished and protected. Courtesy: Google image
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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Courtesy: Google image
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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• Cervix – small neck-like
opening located at the lower
part of the uterus.
• Vagina – a long tube that
produces lubricating mucus. It
extends from the uterus to the
vaginal opening.
Vaginal opening is where
sperm cell enters, menstruation
flows out, and baby comes out
during natural childbirth.
Courtesy: Google image
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Learning Competency:
S5LTIIb-2
Describe the changes that occur
during puberty.
Stages of Life
1. Infancy (birth to 2 years)
• First stage of life.
• Time of rapid growth and mass gain.
• You were an infant from birth to 2
years.
• Infant is a newborn baby. Helpless and
depends on his or her parents for food,
clothes, protection and love.
• Arms, legs, and lower body grow the
fastest.
• When teeth appear, the infant
becomes toddler and learn to sit up,
crawl, stand and eventually walk. Courtesy: Google image
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Stages of Life
1. Infancy
Courtesy: Google image
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Stages of Life
2. Childhood (3 to 10 years)
• Time of mental and emotional development.
• By the age of 3, child speaks in a short
sentences. Learns to draw, read, write, and
count.
• Enjoys playing during this period. Courtesy: Google image
• Important part of child’s life. Muscle
development and coordination enables child to
play.
• Love to invent games and make stories. Began
to use their imagination.
• By the age of 10, they make friends, learn how
to share, work and cooperate with others.
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Stages of Life
2. Childhood
Courtesy: Google image
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Stages of Life
3. Adolescence (11 to 18 years)
• Many bodily changes occur because the
pituitary gland begins to release hormones that
trigger puberty.
• Puberty is the stage when the body becomes
sexually mature and is able to reproduce.
• The shape of male and female body changes.
• For some boys, adolescence may begin as
early as nine years old. Others begin at late
teens.
• People of the same age, grow at different rates.
• Everyone has a different rate of growth and Courtesy: Google image
development.
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Changes during Puberty
FEMALE
• Hips and thighs widen – to make room
for a baby.
• Growth of pubic hair
- Warmth (primary)
- Visual indicator of sexual maturity
- Collection of secreted
pheromones
• Breasts develop – to feed a baby
• Voice deepens - Girls vocal cords also
grow causing a deepening of the voice
but it does not “break” like boys.
Courtesy: Google image
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Changes during Puberty
FEMALE
• Earlier growth spurt on
average for girls than boys
- Girls have their growth
spurt earlier and don’t grow
much afterwards. This
generally results in the
boys being taller in the
end.
Courtesy: Google image
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Changes during Puberty
MALE
• Shoulders widen
• Voice deepens (breaks). Vocal cords
grow 60% longer and become thicker.
The voice box tilts to a different angle
in the neck. It can stick out as a
prominent ‘Adam’s Apple’.
• The first facial hair to appear tends to
grow at the corners of the upper lip.
Followed by hair on the upper part of
the cheeks, under the lower lip, then
eventually spreads to the sides and
border of the chin.
Courtesy: Google image
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Changes during Puberty
MALE
• Increase in muscle mass – boys
have more testosterone which helps
develop muscle leading to increased
size.
• Growth of testes and penis
Spermarche - spermarche is the
first ejaculation. Testicles need to
increase in size. Penis grow to full
size.
Courtesy: Google image
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Stages of Life
4. Adulthood (18-39 years)
• The body reaches maturity.
• Maturity is the time when all body systems are
fully grown and developed.
• Adults reach their physical peak between the
ages of 18 to 30 years of age.
• Muscles are strongest and coordination is best
during these years.
• Adulthood brings on new responsibilities,
education, jobs and careers.
• When become an adult, person stop growing in Courtesy: Google image
height. However, adult’s body continues to
change in many ways.
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Stages of Life
5. Old age ( 40 years above )
• Between the ages of 40 and 50, most women
experience menopause. It’s the time when a
woman’s ovulation process stops and
menstrual cycle ends and can no longer
reproduce.
• Upon reading 40 to 65, aging process starts.
• A person above 65 years old is considered
older adult.
• As people grow older, their body system
weaken.
Courtesy: Google image
• Often have poor eyesight and hearing.
• Develop wrinkles and become forgetful.
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Stages of Life
5. Old age ( 40 years above )
• They can still continue
to become active and
keep a healthy life by
eating a balanced diet
and getting regular
exercise.
• Some people continue
to work well even in
their seventies.
Courtesy: Google image
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Learning Competency:
S5LTIIc-3
Explain the menstrual cycle.
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
• Menstru means "monthly"; hence
the term menstrual cycle.
• One of the changes that occur during
puberty for females
• With every cycle, a woman’s body
prepares for a potential pregnancy,
whether or not that is the woman’s
intention.
• The term menstruation refers to the
periodic shedding of the uterine
lining.
• Hormones control this cycle.
Courtesy: Google image
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OVULATORY AND MENSTRUAL CYCLE
• The female reproductive cycle is divided into the
ovulatory and menstrual cycle.
• Estrogen and progesterone are hormones
produced by ovaries.
• Ovulatory cycle is controlled by estrogen. (Please
check your book for clerical error, page 119.)
• Menstrual cycle is controlled by progesterone.
• Ovulatory cycle happens 14 days after the onset
of menstruation.
• During ovulation, the estrogen level in blood drops
causing the release of a mature egg from the
ovary.
• Ovulation is the release of mature egg in the
Courtesy: Google image
ovary.
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MENSTRUAL CYCLE
• The egg travels through the
fallopian tube, where
fertilization takes place until it
reaches the uterus.
• Progesterone causes the
uterine lining to thicken in
preparation for the
implantation of zygote
(fertilized egg).
• If the egg cell is not fertilized
by a sperm, MENSTRUATION
occurs.
Courtesy: Google image
Jens Martensson 47
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
• In the menstrual cycle, uterine
lining breaks down and, together
with the unfertilized eggs – the
discharged from the uterus.
• Menstruation lasts from 3 to 7
days and occurs every 28 days.
• Menarche – is the first
menstruation. Usually occurs
between ages 11 to 14.
Continue until about age 45 to
55.
• Menopause is the end of the
possibility of a woman getting
pregnant. Courtesy: Google image
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• Approximately 492 egg cells will
be produced by a healthy female
from menarche to menopausal
stage.
Courtesy: Google image
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Learning Competency:
S5LTIId-4
Give ways of taking care of the
reproductive organs.
Proper Hygiene and Good Health Habits for Girls
Girls health is prone to infection during menstruation. Menstruation allows blood to
pass out of body and makes it possible for bacteria to get into the uterus and pelvic
cavity. To avoid this, every girl must learn to maintain a healthy menstrual routine.
1. Bathe and wash regularly.
Wash your body and hair often.
Body odor is a sign that bacteria
are breeding. A good bath with
soap and water will help keep
them away.
Always wash your vagina
externally using feminine wash.
Never use ordinary soap in
washing your vagina. Courtesy: Google image
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Proper Hygiene and Good Health Habits for Girls
Girls health is prone to infection during menstruation. Menstruation allows blood to
pass out of body and makes it possible for bacteria to get into the uterus and pelvic
cavity. To avoid this, every girl must learn to maintain a healthy menstrual routine.
2. Stay fresh and dry
Wear loose,
comfortable clothes
especially during your
period. Tight clothing
can increase moisture
and heat. Moisture is a
breeding ground for
bacteria and heat
irritates the skin. Courtesy: Google image
Jens Martensson 52
Proper Hygiene and Good Health Habits for Girls
Girls health is prone to infection during menstruation. Menstruation allows blood to
pass out of body and makes it possible for bacteria to get into the uterus and pelvic
cavity. To avoid this, every girl must learn to maintain a healthy menstrual routine.
3. Change sanitary pads
often.
Using the same sanitary pads
for long periods increases the
risk of infection.
Courtesy: Google image
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Proper Hygiene and Good Health Habits for Boys
Boys are not exempted from practicing good grooming.
1. Take a bath regularly.
Its essential parts for boy’s
hygiene especially for sports
activity.
Courtesy: Google image
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Proper Hygiene and Good Health Habits for Boys
Boys are not exempted from practicing good grooming.
2. Wear clean clothes all the
time and change underwear
and socks as often as
possible.
Courtesy: Google image
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Proper Hygiene and Good Health Habits for Boys
Boys are not exempted from practicing good grooming.
3. Learn to wash your penis and
scrotum.
The tip of the penis and underside of the
foreskin should be cleaned regularly.
Don’t use soap when washing under the
foreskin because it can irritate the skin.
The white stuff, or smegma, under the
foreskin is naturally found in the area
and doesn’t cause health problems – it
simply needs to be washed away
regularly.
Courtesy: Google image
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For boys and girls…..
Keeping yourself clean will give you not only fresh feeling but a healthy body as
well.
Generally, good habits to make boys and girls healthy are:
• Keep yourself hydrated.
• Rink at least 8 glasses of water everyday.
• Exercise regularly.
• Take enough sleep and rest.
• Eat a well-balanced meal. Refrain from eating too much sweets.
• Brush your teeth every after meal
• Floss regularly.
Courtesy: Google image
Jens Martensson 57
Source & Courtesy:
https://www.irishmirror.ie/news/world-news/worlds-dirtiest-man-amou-haji-
3024703
• The world’s dirtiest man has not had a bath in 60
years but he’s still not given up on finding love.
• Amou Haji has an aversion to soap and water
and even the suggestion of a bath drives him
crazy.
• The 80-year old has lived alone in the Iranian
desert for the last six decades but Amou is
amorous and looking for love.
• Not surprisingly he doesn’t have too many friends
around for dinner as his favourite meal is rotting
porcupine meat.
• But he does like a sociable smoke inhaling dried
animal dung instead of tobacco.
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Source & Courtesy:
https://www.irishmirror.ie/news/world-news/worlds-dirtiest-man-amou-haji-
3024703
• Amou’s last wash was way back in 1954
when Elvis Presley just launching rock ‘n’ roll
and CIE was still using steam engines to pull
its trains.
• There’s been 3,120 Saturday bath nights
since but soap has still not touched the
hermit’s leather-like skin.
• Once he claimed a group of young men tried
to give him a shower but he escaped before
the dreaded water touched him.
• Local people say he suffered an emotional
setback or a broken heart as a teenager and
decided to spend the rest of his life alone in
the wild.
Jens Martensson 59
Source & Courtesy:
https://www.irishmirror.ie/news/world-news/worlds-dirtiest-man-amou-haji-
3024703
• To stay healthy he drinks five litres of water from a
rusty oil can every day.
• And while he might not wash very often he still
believes grooming is important and occasionally
trims his beard by burning it off over an open
flame.
• After decades of living off the land near isolated
village of Dejgah in the Southern Iranian province
of Fars, he has now began to look like his
surroundings.
• He has become almost the same colour as the
earth around him and he totally blends in with his
environment.
• Local people say they often mistake him for a rock
if he remains still.
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Source & Courtesy:
https://www.irishmirror.ie/news/world-news/worlds-dirtiest-man-amou-haji-
3024703
• Local people say they often mistake him for a rock
if he remains still.
• He doesn’t have a house, instead the earth is his
home and he lives in a hole in the ground which is
not unlike a grave.
• Sometimes he sleeps in an open brick shack that
the villagers constructed for him out of pity.
• Locally, he is known as Amou Haji. ‘Amou’ is the
Farsi term of endearment for a kind old man, the
The Tehran Times reports.
• But the villagers who care for him also say he is a
lot happier than some people who live in large
homes with comforts and conveniences.
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Launch
