PHYSICS PROJECT ON
AC GENERATOR
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
ASNA MAHVEEN
CLASS XII-B
Under the guidance of
Mr. Sarath
JANUARY 2019
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
SHANTINIKETAN INDIAN SCHOOL
DOHA-QATAR
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INDEX
1 INTRODUCTION
2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVE
3 SCOPE OF STUDY
4 HYPOTHESIS
5 EXPERIMENTATION
6 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
7 RESULT
8 CONCLUSION
9 REFERENCE
INTRODUCTION
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A.C generator means alternating current generator. A.C generator is a
device which is used to convert the mechanical energy into electrical
energy that is an A.C generator produces alternating current, which
reverses its direction continuously. A.C generator is also known as
alternator..
A.C generator forces electric current to flow through an external
circuit. The source of mechanical energy may be a reciprocating or
turbine steam engine, water falling through a turbine or waterwheel,
an internal combustion engine, a wind turbine, a hand crank,
compressed air, or any other source of mechanical energy.
A.C generator provides nearly all of the power for daily use.
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AIMS AND OBJECTIVE
AIM:
Generating electricity by doing mechanical work.
OBJECTIVE
To check the conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy.
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SCOPE OF STUDY
The study aims to understand the working of A.C generator. The
scope of the study is to understand the relation between number of
turns of the coil and the E.M.F induced. The study helps to understand
how mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy.
The study is done using an A.C generator model. It involves magnets
attached to an eraser in which a cycle spoke is inserted. This acts as a
magnetic field and is kept inside a container around which the copper
wire is winded. At the two ends of the copper wire an LED bulb is
attached.
The E.M.F induced also depends on the speed at which the coil or
magnetic field rotates. In this model, since the speed at which the
magnetic field rotates is slow the bulb doesn’t glow.
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HYPOTHESIS
A.C generator is a device which converts mechanical energy to
electrical energy. It produces an E.M.F by changing the number of
magnetic flux lines (Lines of force), Φ, passing through a Wire Coil.
Figure 1 is one type of Generators. When the Coil is rotated between
the Poles of the Magnet by cranking the handle, an AC Voltage
Waveform is produced.
My hypothesis is that if we increase the frequency of
number of turns of the coil then the E.M.F produced will also
increase.
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EXPERIMENTATION
Materials Required:
Copper wire (Armature)
Strong magnets (Magnetic Field)
Small LED bulbs
Container
Eraser
Cycle spokes (Slip rings)
Principle:
It is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. Whenever
the amount of magnetic flux linked with a coil changes, an E.M.F is
induced in the coil. The direction of current induced is given by
Flemings Right Hand Rule.
A.C. generators or alternators (as they are usually called) operate on
the same fundamental principles of electromagnetic induction as D.C.
generators.
Alternating voltage may be generated by rotating a coil in the
magnetic field or by rotating a magnetic field within a stationary coil.
The value of the voltage generated depends on-
The number of turns in the coil.
Strength of the field
The speed at which the coil or magnetic field rotates
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Working:
The A.C generator uses Faraday's laws of induction, it consists of a
coil of wire rotating magnetic field. As the coil rotates it cuts the
magnetic flux generating an EMF. The coil is rotated in anti-clock
wise direction. In the first half rotation the arm AB is moving outward
and CD is moving inward. So the E.M.F is induced in the arm AB
from A to B. And in the arm CD from C to D. After half rotation (in
the second half). The arm CD is moving outward and AB is moving
inward. In this time current is induced in arm CD from D to C. And in
arm AB from B to A. In the second half rotation the current direction
is changing so in this generator AC is produced.
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Procedure:
1. Insert the cycle spoke in the center of eraser and attach two
strong magnets on both sides of the eraser.
2. Take a container and fix the eraser with cycle spoke inside the
container.
3. Wind the copper wire around the container in many turns.
4. Attach a small LED bulb to the two ends of the copper wire and
rotate the cycle spoke.
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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
ANALYSIS:
When you rotate the cycle spoke the small L.E.D bulb glows. If you
increase the number of turns of the coil the bulb glows more brightly.
INTERPRETATION:
When the cycle spoke is rotated the number of magnetic flux lines
passing through the coil changes which induces an E.M.F in the coil.
A.C generator is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction,
which is defined by Faraday’s Law, which states:
The Electromotive Force, E.M.F, induced in a Coil is proportional to
the number of turns, N, in the Coil and the Rate of Change, dΦ / dt, of
the number of Magnetic Flux Lines, Φ, passing through the surface
(A) enclosed by the Coil.
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RESULT
A.C generator converted the mechanical energy to electrical energy.
When the number of turns of the coil was increased the E.M.F
induced also increased.
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CONCLUSION
A.C generator is a device which works on the principle of
electromagnetic induction. It converts mechanical energy to
mechanical energy. Whenever the amount of magnetic flux linked
with a coil changes, an E.M.F is induced in the coil.
I hypothesized that if we increase the number of turns of the coil the
E.M.F induced will also increase. My hypothesis was correct.
This is because according to faradays law,
The Electromotive Force, E.M.F, induced in a Coil is proportional to
the number of turns, N, in the Coil. Thus, if
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REFERENCE
• www.slideshare.net
• www.allprojectreports.com
• www.ncert.nic.in
• www.elprocus.com
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