ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
Content Standard
The learners demonstrate understanding of…
1. Energy and Power in Electric Circuits
2. Devices for Measuring Currents and Voltages
3. Resistors in Series and Parallel
4. Kirchhoff’s Rules
Performance Standard
The learners should be able to…
1. Use theoretical and experimental approaches to solve multi-concept and rich-context problems
involving electricity and magnetism
Learning Competencies
At the end of this module, you shall be able to…
1. Given the emf source connected to a resistor, determine the power supplied or dissipated by
each element in a circuit.
2. Solve problems involving, current, resistivity, resistance, and OHM’s law in context such as, but
not limited to, batteries and bulbs, household, wiring, and selection of fuses.
3. Operate devices for measuring currents and voltages.
4. Draw circuit diagrams with power sources (cell or battery), switches, lamps, resistors (fixed and
variable) fuses, ammeters and voltmeters.
5. Evaluate the equivalent resistance, current and voltage in a given network of resistors connected
in series and /or parallel.
6. Calculate the current and voltage through and across circuit elements using Kirchhoff’s loop and
junction rules (at most 2 loops only).
7. Solve problems involving the calculation of currents and potential difference in circuits consisting
of batteries, resistors, and capacitors.
GENERAL PHYSICS 2 Second Semester, AY 2020-2021
Senior High School Colegio San Agustin-Bacolod
1|P a g e
In the late 1880’s, Thomas Alva Edison and Nikola Tesla were the key players in the so –called “War of
Currents.”What current will power the worl? Tesla’s alternating current (AC) or Edison’s direct current (DC)?
Electrical Power and Energy
The power expended in n appliances is the rate at which it consumes electrical energy. Electrical power is
obtained by multiplying the voltage by the current. In symbols,
𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼
If the voltage 𝑉 is in volts and the current 𝐼 is in amperes, then the power 𝑃 is in watts. Power may also
be expressed in terms of resistance. Recall that OHM’s law that 𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅.
Substituting OHM’s law to equation 𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼, Therefore,
𝑉2
𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼 = 𝐼 2 𝑅 =
𝑅
The power rating of an appliance is usually marked in a label at the back or at the bottom of the
appliance. The higher the wattage, the higher the rate at which the electrical energy is consumed.
Electric energy consumption is determined by multiplying the power rating of an appliance by the length
of time, which the appliance is switched on.
𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑃𝑡
The SI unit is joule. 1J = 1watt-second. However, in electric bills, the energy consumption is given in
kilowatt-hour.
Example
A person used his 1500W air conditioning unit for 5hours every day during the month of June.
How much did it cost him for using his air conditioner if electricity is priced at ₱ 8.17/ 𝑘𝑊. ℎ𝑟?
ℎ𝑟𝑠
Given: 𝑃 = 1500𝑊 = 1.5𝑘𝑊 𝑡 = (5 ) (30 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠) = 150 ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑑𝑎𝑦
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
= ₱ 8.17/ 𝑘𝑊. ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑊.ℎ𝑟
Solution:
Solving the cost of consumption:
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 𝑃𝑡 (𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒/𝑘𝑊. ℎ𝑟)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 = (1.5𝑘𝑊 ) (150ℎ𝑟𝑠) (₱ 8.17/ 𝑘𝑊. ℎ𝑟
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 = ₱ 1838.25
PRACTICE PROBLEMS
1. To prepare breakfast, a mother connected and turned on her 1500W bread toaster, 500W coffee maker,
and 2000W electric frying pan to the same line 220V line protected by a 20A fuse. Find the (a) resistance
of each appliance. (b) Current drawn by each appliance (c ) will the fuse be blow up?
GENERAL PHYSICS 2 Second Semester, AY 2020-2021
Senior High School Colegio San Agustin-Bacolod
2|P a g e
𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟:
a. 𝑅𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑡𝑜𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 32.2𝛺 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑟 = 96.8𝛺 𝑅𝑓𝑟𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑎𝑛 = 32.2𝛺
b. 𝐼𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑡𝑜𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 6.81𝐴 𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑟 = 2.27𝐴 𝐼𝑓𝑟𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑎𝑛 = 9.09𝐴
c. Fuse will not blow up; fuse > 𝐼𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 (𝐼𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 18.17).
Circuit Diagram (Schematic Diagram)
A circuit diagram (also known as an electrical diagram, elementary diagram, or electronic schematic) is a
simplified conventional graphical representation of an electrical circuit. A pictorial circuit diagram uses
simple images of components, while a schematic diagram shows the components of the circuit as simplified
standard symbols; both types show the connections between the devices, including power and signal
connections. Arrangement of the components interconnections on the diagram does not correspond to their
physical locations in the finished device.
Unlike a block diagram or layout diagram, a circuit diagram shows the actual wire connections being used.
The diagram does not show the physical arrangement of components. A drawing meant to depict what the
physical arrangement of the wires and the components they connect is called "artwork" or "layout" or the
"physical design."
GENERAL PHYSICS 2 Second Semester, AY 2020-2021
Senior High School Colegio San Agustin-Bacolod
3|P a g e
Example
Three D-cells are placed in a battery pack to power a circuit containing three light bulbs in
series.
Using the verbal description, one can acquire a mental picture of the circuit being described. This verbal
description can then be represented by a drawing of three cells and three light bulbs connected by wires.
Finally, the circuit symbols presented above can be used to represent the same circuit. Note that three sets
of long and short parallel lines have been used to represent the battery pack with its three D-cells. And
note that each light bulb is represented by its own individual resistor symbol. Straight lines have been used
to connect the two terminals of the battery to the resistors and the resistors to each other.
Example
Three D-cells are placed in a battery pack to power a circuit containing three light bulbs in
parallel.
Using the verbal description, one can acquire a mental picture of the circuit being described. But this time,
the connections of light bulbs is done in a manner such that there is a point on the circuit where the wires
branch off from each other. The branching location is referred to as a node. Each light bulb is placed in its
own separate branch. These branch wires eventually connect to each other to form a second node. A single
wire is used to connect this second node to the negative terminal of the battery.
Measurement of Current, Voltage, and Resistance
An ammeter is a device used for measuring current. It is always
connected in series with the circuit element to which the current
is to be determined.
A voltmeter is a device that measures the electromotive force or
potential difference between two points in a circuit. A voltmeter is
connected across or parallel to the part of the circuit element
where potential difference is to be determined.
GENERAL PHYSICS 2 Second Semester, AY 2020-2021
Senior High School Colegio San Agustin-Bacolod
4|P a g e
Electric Circuit
It is a group of electrical components that are connected together to form a complete path for current.
Series circuit is a circuit that contains more than one electrical component connected one after the other
in a single path. In series circuit, the current flows in a single path and is the same in all parts of the circuit.
Parallel circuit, in which two or more components are connected across each other in such away that the
current is distributed between them. In such circuit, each component operates independently of the other
Combination of Resistors
Resistors can connected in series and parallel, or combination of both series and parallel. For ant
combination of resistors, there is always a single equivalent resistor tha can be replace the combination
without altering the total current and potential difference. The resistance of the resistor is called the
equivalent resistance 𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 of the combination.
Resistors in Series
Resistors in Parallel
GENERAL PHYSICS 2 Second Semester, AY 2020-2021
Senior High School Colegio San Agustin-Bacolod
5|P a g e
Combination (Series – Parallel)
Example
Three resistors with values of 60Ω, 30Ω and 20Ω respectively,
are connected in series to a total 110V battery of negligible
internal resistance. Draw a circuit diagram and find the (a)
equivalent resistance of the combined resistors, (b) current
flowing through each resistor,(c) voltage drop across each
resistor, and (d) the power dissipated by each resistor.
Given: 𝑅1 = 60𝛺 𝑅2 = 30𝛺 𝑅3 = 20𝛺 𝑉 = 110𝑉
Solution:
a. Solving for the equivalent resistor.
𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 = 60Ω + 30Ω + 20Ω
𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 110𝛺
b. Solving for the current flowing through each resistor.
𝑉 110𝑉
𝐼= = = 1𝐴
𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 110𝛺
Note that resistors are in series, 𝐼 = 𝐼1 = 𝐼2 = 𝐼3 = 1𝐴
c. Solving for the voltage drop across each resistor.
𝑉1 = 𝐼1 𝑅1 = 1𝐴 (60𝛺) = 60𝑉
𝑉2 = 𝐼2 𝑅2 = 1𝐴 (30𝛺) = 30𝑉
𝑉3 = 𝐼3 𝑅3 = 1𝐴 (20𝛺) = 20𝑉
d. Solving for the Power dissipated by each resistor
𝑃1 = 𝑉1 𝐼1 = 60𝑉 (1𝐴) = 60𝑊
𝑃2 = 𝑉2 𝐼2 = 30𝑉 (1𝐴) = 30𝑊
𝑃3 = 𝑉3 𝐼3 = 20𝑉 (1𝐴) = 20𝑊
Example
Find the following
a. the equivalent resistance,
b. the total current from the power supply,
c. the voltage drop across each resistor,
d. the current through each resistor,
e. the power dissipated in each resistor.
Given: 𝑅1 = 20𝛺 𝑅2 = 100𝛺 𝑅3 = 50𝛺 𝑉 = 125𝑉
GENERAL PHYSICS 2 Second Semester, AY 2020-2021
Senior High School Colegio San Agustin-Bacolod
6|P a g e
Solution:
a. Solving for the equivalent resistor.
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= + + = + + = 0.08𝛺
𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅3 20𝛺 100𝛺 50𝛺
1
𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = = 12.5𝛺
0.08𝛺
b. Solving for the total current from the power supply.
𝑉 125𝑉
𝐼𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = = = 10𝐴
𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 12.5𝛺
c. Solving for the voltage drop across each resistor.
𝑉 = 𝑉1 + 𝑉2 + 𝑉3 = 125𝑉
d. Solving for the current through each resistor.
𝑉1 125𝑉
𝐼1 = = = 6.25𝐴
𝑅1 20𝛺
𝑉2 125𝑉
𝐼2 = = = 1.25𝐴
𝑅2 100𝛺
𝑉3 125𝑉
𝐼3 = = = 2.5𝐴
𝑅3 50𝛺
d. Solving for the Power dissipated by each resistor
𝑃1 = 𝑉1 𝐼1 = 125𝑉 (6.25𝐴) = 781.25𝑊
𝑃2 = 𝑉2 𝐼2 = 125𝑉 (1.25𝐴) = 156.25𝑊
𝑃3 = 𝑉3 𝐼3 = 125𝑉 (2.5𝐴) = 312.5𝑊
Example
Find the equivalent resistance of the combination of
resistors shown below.
Given: 𝑅1 = 5𝛺 𝑅2 = 3.5𝛺 𝑅3 = 2.5𝛺
𝑅4 = 24𝛺 𝑅5 = 9.2𝛺
Solution:
Based on the diagram 𝑅2 and 𝑅3 are connected in series, therefore
combine 𝑅2 and 𝑅3 by using the properties of the series connection.
𝑅23 = 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 = 3.5𝛺 + 2.5𝛺 = 6𝛺
Based on the diagram 𝑅23 and 𝑅4 are connected in parallel, therefore
combine 𝑅23 and 𝑅4 by using the properties of the parallel connection.
1 1 1 1 1 5
= + = + = 𝛺
𝑅234 𝑅23 𝑅4 6𝛺 24𝛺 24
24
𝑅234 = 𝛺 = 4.8𝛺
5
Based on the diagram𝑅1 , 𝑅234 and 𝑅5 are connected in series,
therefore combine 𝑅1 , 𝑅234 and 𝑅5 by using the properties of the series
connection to solve the 𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 .
𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅234 + 𝑅5 = 5𝛺 + 4.8𝛺 + 9.2𝛺
𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 19𝛺
GENERAL PHYSICS 2 Second Semester, AY 2020-2021
Senior High School Colegio San Agustin-Bacolod
7|P a g e
PRACTICE PROBLEMS
1. Find the equivalent resistance of the combination of
resistors as shown in the figure.
Answer: 10𝛺
Battery
Alessandro Volta (1799) created the first battery by stacking the alternating layers of sink and brine –
soaked cloth. This battery is called voltaic cell. A battery is a combination of cells that may be connected
in series or in parallel.
Battery/Cells in Series
Battery or cells are in series when the positive terminal of one cell is connected to the negative terminal
of the next cell.
Properties of Series
Quantity Cells in Series
Total electromotive force (𝜖𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 ) ∈𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = ∈𝟏 + ∈𝟐+∈𝟑 … + ∈𝒏
Total internal resistance (𝑟𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 ) 𝑟𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑟1 + 𝑟2 +𝑟3 … + 𝑟𝑛
Current (I) 𝐼𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝐼1 = 𝐼2 = 𝐼3 … = 𝐼𝑛
Battery/Cells in Parallel
Battery or cells are in parallel when all the positive terminals as well as all the negative terminals are joined
together. Only identical cells re connected in parallel. If two cells having different emf are connected parallel
to each other, they will try to balance each other.
Properties of Series
Quantity Cells in Parallel
Total electromotive force (𝜖𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 ) ∈𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = ∈𝟏 = ∈𝟐= ∈𝟑 … = ∈𝒏
𝑟𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑟1 / 𝑛
Total internal resistance (𝑟𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 )
𝑛 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙
Current (I) 𝐼𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝐼1 + 𝐼+𝐼3 … + 𝐼𝑛
Example
Twelve identical cells, each of ε = 2V and r= 0.5Ω, are used to form a battery. Determine the
electromotive force and internal resistance of the battery formed if it consists of (a) all cells in
series, (b) all cells in parallel.
GENERAL PHYSICS 2 Second Semester, AY 2020-2021
Senior High School Colegio San Agustin-Bacolod
8|P a g e
Given: 𝑛 = 12 𝜀 = 2𝑉 𝑟 = 0.5𝛺
Solutions:
a. Solving for the emf and internal resistance when cells are in series.
𝜀𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝜀𝑛 = (2𝑉 )(12) = 24𝑉
𝑟𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑟𝑛 = (0.5𝛺)(12) = 6𝛺
b. Solving for the emf and internal resistance when cells are in parallel.
𝜀𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝜀 = 12𝑉
𝑟 0.5𝛺
𝑟𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = = = 0.042𝛺
𝑛 12
Example
The series combination of five cells, each with electromotive force of 1.5V and internal resistance
of 0.5Ω, is connected to an external resistance of 5Ω. Find the (a) total internal resistance, (b)
electromotive force of the battery, (c) total resistance of the circuit, (d) current through external
circuit, (e) terminal voltage of the battery, (f) terminal voltage of a cell.
Given: 𝑛 = 5 𝜀 = 1.5𝑉 𝑟 = 0.5𝛺 𝑅 = 5𝛺
Solutions:
a. Solving for the total internal resistance.
𝑟𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑟𝑛 = (0.5𝛺)(5) = 2.5𝛺
b. Solving for the emf of the battery.
𝜀𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝜀𝑛 = (1.5𝑉 )(5) = 7.5𝑉
c. The total resistance 𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 is the sum of the internal resistance and the external resistance.
𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑟𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑅 = 2.5𝛺 + 5𝛺 = 7.5𝛺
d. Solving for the current 𝐼 through external circuit.
𝜀𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 7.5𝑉
𝐼= = = 1𝐴
𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 7.5𝛺
e. Solving for the terminal voltage, TV of the battery.
𝑇𝑉 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 = 𝜀𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 − 𝐼𝑟𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 7.5𝑉 − (1𝐴)(2.5𝛺)
𝑇𝑉 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 = 5𝑉
f. Solving for the terminal voltage, TV of the cell.
𝑇𝑉 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 = 𝜀 − 𝐼𝑟 = 1.5𝑉 − (1𝐴)(0.5𝛺)
𝑇𝑉 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 = 1𝑉
Kirchhoff’s Laws
There are circuits containing several loops, with each loop having its own voltage source and resistances.
German Physicist Gustav Kirchhoff formulated two laws that make it possible to find the current in each
part of a circuit no matter how complicated the circuit is.
Kirchhoff’s first law
Also called as Kirchhoff’s junction rule (nodal rule). Junction (or node) is
a point in an electric circuit where 3 or more wires are connected.
Kirchhoff’s junction rule is total current entering is equal to the total
current leaving a junction.
GENERAL PHYSICS 2 Second Semester, AY 2020-2021
Senior High School Colegio San Agustin-Bacolod
9|P a g e
Kirchhoff’s 2nd law
It is a consequence of the conservation of energy. It is known
as Kirchhoff’s loop rule or Kirchhoff’s voltage law. The sum of
the electromotive force and the voltage drop and all of these
circuit elements in any loop must be zero.
Following are the steps to follow when applying Kirchhoff’s
Laws:
1. Label the current in each branch as 𝐼1 , 𝐼2 , and so on.
2. Assume the direction for each current.
3. In writing the junction equation, the current entering the junction is the sum of the currents
separated leaving the junction.
4. In applying the loop rule, begin at point in the loop and go around the loop in a clockwise or
counter-clockwise manner.
5. In writing the loop equation, the following sign conventions must be observed.
a. The electromotive force is positive if it traverses from the negative terminal to the positive
terminal. It is negative if it traverses from the positive terminal to the negative terminal.
b. The potential difference across a resistor is negative when the resistor is traversed in the
direction of the current, otherwise, it is positive.
6. The unknown currents are usually determined by solving simultaneous loop equations as well as
junction equations.
Example
a. Determine the current through each resistor and the
b. potentials after every element.
Given: 𝜀1 = 12𝑉, 𝜀2 = 5𝑉 , 𝑅1 = 5𝛺, 𝑅2 = 10𝛺
Solution:
a. Applying the Voltage law or loop rule, going around the loop in clockwise direction.
Elements are connected to series, therefore the current is the same passing through each element.
Apply the STEP 5 in applying the Kirchhoff’s Law.
𝜀1 − 𝐼𝑅1 − 𝜀2 − 𝐼𝑅2 = 0
By transposition:
𝐼𝑅1 + 𝐼𝑅2 = 𝜀1 − 𝜀2
𝐼(𝑅1 + 𝑅2 ) = 𝜀1 − 𝜀2
𝜀1 − 𝜀2 12𝑉 − 5𝑉
𝐼= =
𝑅1 + 𝑅2 5𝛺 + 10𝛺
𝐼 = 0.5𝐴
b. solving for the potentials at A, B,C,D
GENERAL PHYSICS 2 Second Semester, AY 2020-2021
Senior High School Colegio San Agustin-Bacolod
10 | P a g e
Example
Determine the 𝐼1 , 𝐼2 , and 𝐼3 given that the 𝜖 = 12𝑉,
𝑅1 = 2𝛺, 𝑅2 = 3𝛺
Given: 𝜖 = 12𝑉, , 𝑅1 = 2𝛺, 𝑅2 = 3𝛺
Solution:
Applying Kirchhoff’s first law or Kirchhoff’s Junction rule
For junction B: 𝐼1 = 𝐼2 + 𝐼3 eq.1
For junction C: 𝐼1 = 𝐼2 + 𝐼3
Applying Kirchhoff’s second law or Kirchhoff’s Loop Rule:
By conventional current moves from high potential to low potential.
With respect to 𝑅1 , the positive terminal of resistor 𝑅1 is at the
upper side, while the negative terminal is at the lower side of 𝑅1
as shown in the figure. Note that the sign of terminal of the resistor
is based on the assumption of the current’s direction. The loop’s
direction is the voltage direction.
Going around loop1 (loop ABCD) in a clockwise direction,
𝜀 − 𝐼2 𝑅1 = 0 eq.2
Going around loop2 (loop BEFC) in a clockwise direction
𝐼2 𝑅1 − 𝐼3 𝑅2 = 0 eq.3
Solving for 𝐼3
Using the eq.2 and eq.3, substitute eq.2 on eq.3.
𝜀
By transposition of eq.2. 𝐼2 = .
𝑅1
𝜀
𝐼2 𝑅1 − 𝐼3 𝑅2 = 𝑅 − 𝐼3 𝑅2 = 𝜀 − 𝐼3 𝑅2
𝑅1 1
𝜀 12𝑣
𝐼3 = =
𝑅2 3𝛺
𝐼3 = 4𝐴
Solving for 𝐼2
Using the eq.3 𝐼2 𝑅1 − 𝐼3 𝑅2 = 0. By transposition,
𝐼3 𝑅2 4𝐴 (3𝛺)
𝐼2 = =
𝑅1 2𝛺
𝐼2 = 6𝐴
Solving for 𝐼1
𝐼1 = 𝐼2 + 𝐼3 = 6𝐴 + 4𝐴
𝐼1 = 10𝐴
For checking! Applying the voltage rule.
Kirchhoff’s voltage states that the sum of the
electromotive force and the voltage drop and all of
these circuit elements in any loop must be zero.
GENERAL PHYSICS 2 Second Semester, AY 2020-2021
Senior High School Colegio San Agustin-Bacolod
11 | P a g e
PRACTICE PROBLEMS
1. Determine the 𝐼1 , 𝐼2 , and 𝐼3 given that the
𝜀1 = 10𝑉, 𝜀2 = 5𝑉, 𝑅1 = 2𝛺, 𝑅2 = 3𝛺, 𝑅3 = 5𝛺
105
Answer: 𝐼1 = 31
𝐴 = 3.3871 𝐴
85
𝐼2 = 31 𝐴 = 2.7419 𝐴
20
𝐼3 = 31 𝐴 = 0.6452 𝐴
ENRICHMENT
You may view these videos to learn more about the topics in this module.
Resistors
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjW4H3fKi8o
Kirchhoff’s Law
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6F_rmZ1nXFQ
Circuit
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/circuit-construction-kit-dc-virtual-lab/latest/circuit-construction-
kit-dc-virtual-lab_en.html
REFERENCES
Giordano, Nicholas J., General Physics 2: 2nd Edition. Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.
Angelina A Silverio., Ph.D . General Physics 2: Exploring Life Through Science.,Quezon City, Manila: Phoenix
Publishing House, Inc.
GENERAL PHYSICS 2 Second Semester, AY 2020-2021
Senior High School Colegio San Agustin-Bacolod
12 | P a g e
