Drug Action Indication Contraindication Dosage Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities

Generic Name:
Clonazepam -Probably -Lennox-Gaustat -Use cautiously in Adult: -Drowsiness -Watch for behavioral disturbances esp. in
facilitates the syndrome, atypical patients with mixed 1.5 mg P.O daily in -Abnormal eye children.
Brand Name: effects of the absence seizures, type seizures because three divided movements
Klonopin inhibitory akinetic and drug may cause doses. -Anorexia -Don’t stop drug abruptly because this may
neurotransmitter mycolonic seizures. generalized tonic- -Dysuria worsen seizures. Call prescriber at once if
GABA. -Panic disorder clonic seizures. Children: -Leukopenia adverse reactions develop.
-Acute manic 0.01 to 0.03 mg -Shortness of breath
episodes of bipolar -Use cautiously in P.O daily in two or -Skin rashes -Assess elderly patient’s response closely.
disorder children and in patients three divided
-Adjunct treatment with chronic doses. -Monitor patient for oversedation.
for schizophrenia respiratory disease or
-Periodic leg open-angle glaucoma. -Monitor CBC and liver function tests.
movements during
sleep -Contraindicated in -Withdrawal symptoms are similar to those of
-Parkinsonian patients hypersensitive barbiturates
dysarthria to benzodiazepines and
in those with
significant hepatic
disease or acute angle
closure glaucoma.
 Drug Action Indication Contraindication Dosage \Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
• Assess mental status prior to and periodically
•Acute and chronic • Hypersensitivity. •CNS: neuroleptic during therapy.
Generic name: • Block dopamine psychoses, •Cross-sensitivity may Preparations: malignant syndrome, • Monitor BP and pulse prior to and frequently
particularly when exist among sedation, during the period of dosage adjustment. May
accompanied by phenothiazines. Should extrapyramidal cause QT interval changes on ECG.
chlorpromazine receptors in the PO 10-25mg 2=4
increased not be used in narrow- reactions, tardive • Observe patient carefully when
psychomotor activity. angle glaucoma. dyskinesia administering medication, to ensure
Brand name: brain; also alter Nausea and vomiting. •Should not be used in times daily; may •CV: hypotension thatmedication is actually taken and not
• Also used in the patients who have CNS (increased with IM, IV) hoarded.
Thorazine dopamine release treatment of depression. increase every 3-4 •EENT: blurred vision, •Monitor I&O ratios and daily eight. Assess
intractable hiccups. dry eyes, lens opacities patient for signs and symptoms of dehydration.
CLASSIFI-CATION: and turnover. days (usual dose is • GI: constipation, dry • Monitor for development of neuroleptic
mouth, anorexia, malignant syndrome (fever, respiratory distress,
Antipsychotics • Prevention of AE: 200ng/day; up to hepatitis, ileus tachycardia, seizures, diaphoresis, hypertension
• GU: urinary retention or hypotension, pallor, tiredness, severe muscle
• Hematologic: stiffness, loss of bladder control. Report
seizures 1g/day) agranulocytosis, symptoms immediately. May also cause
leukopenia leukocytosis, elevated liver function tests,
• Skin: photosensitivity, elevated CPK.
pigment changes, rashes • Advise patient to take medication as directed.
Take missed doses as soon as remembered,
witih remaining doses evenly spaced through
out the day. May require several weeks to
obtain desired effects. Do not increase dose or
discontinue medication without consulting
health care professional. Abrupt withdrawal
may cause dizziness, nausea, vomiting, GI
upset, trembling, or uncontrolled movements of
mouth, tongue or jaw.

Biperiden 2 mg 1 tab TID PO

Classification: Antiparkinson agent ( Anticholinergic )

Indications: Adjunctive treatment of all forms of Parkinson’s disease, including drug induced extrapyramidal effects and acute dystonic reactions.

Action: Reduction of rigidity and tremors.

Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, narrow angle glaucoma, bowel obstruction, megacolon, tardive dyskinesia

Side effects/ Adverse Reactions: dry eyes, blurred vision, constipation, dry mouth, urinary retention

Nursing Considerations:

1. Assess Parkinson and extrapyramidal symptoms ( restlessness or desire to keep moving, rigidity, tremors, pill rolling, masklike face, shuffling gait,
muscle spasms, twisting motions, difficulty speaking or swallowing, loss of balance control) prior to and throughout course of therapy.
2. Assess bowel function daily. Monitoring for constipation, abdominal pain, distention, or the absence of bowel sounds.
3. Monitor intake and output ratios and assess patient for urinary retention.
4. Advise patient to make position changes slowly to minimize orthostatic hypotension.
5. Withhold drug and notify physician or other health care provider if significant behavioral changes occur.
6. Administer with food or immediately after meals to minimize gastric irritation.
7. Advise patient to take medication as directed.
8. Advise patient that frequent mouth rinses, good oral hygiene, and sugarless gum or candy may decrease dry mouth.
9. Caution patient that this medication decreases perspiration.
10. Emphasize the importance of routine follow-up examinations.