. .

-~Pfescri~fion v. Laches )
r~quired for prescriptlon, it follows that things which .
' . · ... . . . are not susceptible .of being appropriated 8ANNOT.
be the~bjE:!ct of prescription (DE LEbN, Property,
supra 7_38). -. · · ' ·

P~operty of_ ·public dominion and common things .

. cannot be. acquired by prescrlption.;: ·
. ·, . .-, . . . - - - ...
Patrimonial property of the State may be acquired as
. . ,•
they are treated: the same way as property of private
1
A question or matter. ·o( :A question o(i~·equity of . individuals (DE f...E_QN, Prope~y, supra·at 730) ..
· tirne.: · permitting a claim to be
.. . . - . ' ·enfo"rced (this" ·;n,eqwity Period· of possession of publlcland before !t be'came
being founded ..on some patrimonial "ij_ n'qt. counted for ·.the-. purposes 'of
subsequent 'chanqe. in · c6mpJetir1g . the . prescrlptiye period . (Hefrs of
the condition ·or. relation Maiabarian V, "Rep1.ibli9, -crR. No.. t79.98Z, A'p,:il 9,
of.
the P?.rt~esj.. , · ~_- 2_Q()9j,,' • ·"
I
· .. '.·· '"
••• ',
'
,; I • '• ~ J ' •

Res nullius (p~[Link] [Link] an owner) is. acql!ired by

. occupation _arid not· by · pres"cription because
. ·: prescription presupposes a: previous owner (Yu.-v: De '
. . Lc!_ra, "[Link]?. N9... 160[}4, [Link] 30, 1962). - .
. .. .
Ex.cepti_ons (R.S.M), .. .-.. . . - _.
1: Lands Begister~d. un_der the· _Torrens. system
(P.O. No. 1529; .Sec.47); . . .
2. eroperties 0f §P,ouse~; parents a,nd:children and
· , guaraians afid·war'as·und~r'certain conditions as
petween . tliemselves .· (CIVIL . CODE,, Art. 110_9);

.. ;i, ..· . cood.v14.11}3J. .

~n:V;b;esl·P?:-~E:-~s_e~:. ~hr?·~ih · ~ ·. ~~i~e. ·· (C~'{IL _
<. . . . . ., . · .· .
. ~:,. •.,/ ..",•;.f:--:~\
,c: .. · ·.... ,,···:· ···, .
Characteristics of Posse·[Link] be the Basis of'
'Prescriptiqn (CIVIi!. COO~; ·Art.-1-,118): '(OPPU)·
[Link] ~fundamental. b~sis• of prescription.
(OE l:.E~ON,F?roperty, suprii~(743}. · ·: • ·
' : t' I•.:./ '·'• :.-.. ~:·. - '-.,. -• .·,.·

,..-._,.,.1.;.;.·-.,.;[Link]!l~r .... _:.:.. · _".., _. . :-.- . .

.. ,. vy_n~r.E:!··~rt~l ·. pf_opef"!i:_.w'a·s~-}.n · _.}he ,f<;lye.r~e.
· ·continuous and notorious possession of a buyer
,·in, ihe2 C0flC~p(oJ -owner· for- more than. half' a· .
•ceritu'ry;.the·cla1m bvei;such property. has. already· .
·' prescrib"ec((DETEON, Property, supra "at 743-
. Gerieral. Rui"e';Aperson m~s"t}ia"ve. t~J
i'egai°·q~pacit~
. to acquire property or rights )?.y tne other legar'·modes
. '745"i. : ~ · . ., , · . ~ : · · · .
. ~ ~·. ·. . '- . . . ' .
-. . ·. · · ·
. :·
.... · "Acts of ci pb~~essory ch,aracter·which.~re merely
, tn: order that he-may acquire, tbe same. by· means. of
: .. "tolerated by the possessor or whrch are·due to 'his
,,pres'cription .(DE LEON,. fioperty, supra at 730-731). '-
• .' ,,/ • ,I • • '·. --~c_e.nse: do hot constit~t~ possession_ (Id.).
·: -, .,., I
.· l. •, : ·;. >.-:• ...... t ....... -( . • : .:, • ..
Exe~ ption: ,Ml~~rs ··[Link] :oth~r: i"nca~~citated p'e~son~ . , · _Licgn~,f - . . . , ...
'may acquire property or rights by prescripticm, either .. 1
Positive-act of the· owner in favor of the· holder of
. personally or ttirough thelr'parehts, 'guardiari"s or leg~! . : · · ., · the. ttiin!;{(l.d.): .:.·, · · · ·.- · , · ·. : · ·.
representatives ({5)E LEON, P[f)perty, su'pra ·at,7;31- .. I , •• O ·:.

t
4

•
,· •••

•.,
O •' I •

7321:· . ·'·..
J

1 ... , . .., .. - ,Tolerance ... ·. _ -. · :·· . .. · . · , .·.

_,.
. . .... ·... ' ,. I .•

.. · -Object of
Prescriptlon- . .,.__ ;) · ,_. · . , ., · .
f:=>assiYe acquiescence of the- owner::[Link]· bein·g,
perform~~ .. by : another,' wl)ich appe·ar. ·to b~
. ~eneral Rul_e:. All things·~_ithih th~ commerce-of men . · .. contrary to the -rights ·of the former. (Id.).
· may be acquired by prescription (CIVIL COQE; Art. · .. · l . . ·. ,. ...
1113). . . · . Tenants c~~not ,acquire .ten~nted lands by
.. . ...
prescription, ..nor ·can antichretic" credito·r the ah
No~e:, Tb,~ objects. of possession, are things. and: fig lits . laii·ci of his· debtor (Id.).' . ·. . . ~ . . . .. ·
which .. are susceptible of being appropriated under . . . .. •.. . , ...
Art.· 5;30 of the-·Givil Code.r-Slnce possession is

201~ S.l\N BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPE~ TIONS 249

 PRO·PERTY .
SAN BEDf LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATI_ONS_- -'!'_EMORY A!Q 2019 .
a. f4 ·e-..-se:w SJ!ftiC. f#%-$kS5ti{:f.'iZ:tWX'¥[Link]! tee \®4-MS!*fk$¥ f¥. .;; WA5:Mrt&S&&liM'BHti..¥¥iiiBW e:a1-e.~ _5,.a
t'"'P£9b

2. · E_ubl_ic , . . . '- _
When the acts of enjoyment'are executed in such
a manner as -to be rnanifest or- visible to ·all,
especially to . the person against". whom <the
possession
. -, asserted
is:being adversely . (Id.).
.[Link](hist~~tors ... '· (CIVIL administrators . , (CJv_lL
i"r-1 order for possession to be- public, it must be CODE,
. . ..
Art.··~.. 11'08)...
-
· COQE, ([Link]. 1108): .
known to theowner of ihe_thio_g (Id.). .
.... ·.
3. ··._Ee~~·etUi. ': _ .. - . '., .' .
. -lt is': acquired and· maintained without ·any
violence, .P~Jsic~I or ruqra~ (ld.).

\ .·

· Ab~·ent~~s·· -:·"Yh-o_ · bave Absenf~~~'·[Link]·-nbf.

a~rnj~_istrat9.r,$. · : _<?ith~r .have, . administrators. .
appolnted "byJti_em. before -~~t-~_er: . appointed __ · by ·
. ·t~eir __ ·;·.·[Link]~ :·- ,._-or them .. · befo'.-~ ··.- ·1p~1r. ·
appointed .. bY Jhe -, courts .appeararfce ·. · -: ' ...or" ·
·((:;IVILr.(/ObE,·Art:. .}.f08).:,_ .[Link].6y,thecouits-: ...
· · . · · , · '· · ·, · · · · · · 'tcivn: ··cobE, -·· '4rt.
, .1108). .
.Perscins ,: livl'r:ig abroad, ~-~ersons "[Link]~g -~i:i}6act,
who . have manaqers or who · 'do "not · have
· ·ma_r:i~g"E:rs •. .-_ . or r. ••

250 I :,· ~019. . SAN

,,
.BEDA:LAW CENTRAUZED'BAR OP~RATIONS
.
 PROPERTY
. ~ .... 5ANBEDALAWCENTJ?~LIZfDBAf?OPERA7:!o'NS-'MEMoRYAID.2019 .
t ».:;•,&§_?!ti%l~_*??§W ,3 #f!42'f$&#il·-.:, AW5iS#:@t<>fufl§ Sa; x·f &A'° ,4 t ! , §1itkSSS #· kt ·'¥.4i-_Mf.?Q oi##.§7§ B&, sf g mr~··

State (Ramsfcaf_Jr. v. Commission on Audit, G.R .. No. . Advance Renunciation is Void ,

. 213716, 'October 10, ~017). . . · A renunciation ofprescription in ·[Link] void. An·.
· ·· ' - ', · agreement that· the obliqation · ·[Link] from the
. The rule that prescription does not ·rur\ ·against the · contract shall 'not. be. subject to prescription is .not ·
State does not -apply to corporations created by .the , binding (Id: at 736): . . ·
State [Link], it being said that when the . . .
. 'title of the Republichas-been .dive;:;ted; lts grantees, .Renuriciations by Representatives .... . : ..
·: although artlflclalbodies of its-own [Link] iri the' Only persons .with capacity to alienate property can
sarnecateqory [Link] persons (Shipside 'Inc. v. · renounce · prescription -already .. obtained, noi
. CA,.-~:R. No.. 1f3377._Febiuary J0/-20.0,1). quardians, [Link] (Id.} ..
. . .... · ..... •• . . . ·.. . . '. ·,· . ·. ''· . . . ..... . ., -· :

Renunciation .of Prescription Already Acquired: Effect of Re~unciati~n [Link]-;. .. -

The renunciation of. prescription is t1 uril'a~raU1Gl', Notwithstanding the express or '..tad(r~tiunciation by:.· .
. anddoes ,not- require the: acceptance of the person to a .rperson of a prescription.' alreadi:[Link]';. his-
be benefited· by· it(!]IVIL GODE, Art. :11-12).., : .. · creditors and other' persons interested in' m~kfn·g :-~u
.. . . ··~: . - . . ·· ' the prescnptloneffective..may still plead .prescription
«": . Requisttes (C~PORK): . -·~, :· ,_, ! .• :-- . . .. . .. · · • for . .themselves to -the: extent· of their-credit (CIVIL.
_1' •. ·Tl:i.e,:·peFsoh. renouncinq must have :fapacity._to ·.' .· : CODE, Arf>,11-°1.4).. . , . -:. ·. · · .
· ... , ;. alienate' property..; · · -, . · · ·· · ··
· . . - · . ' · . :Jnter:ruption. of.' Possession '(CIV/1:..· A,:ts: :- 'ceoe.
ReasoruRenunciaticn involves the dtsposiuonof . 112°0 to·1124) - · . -~ .:- . .. · .
,. property;' ... ' · ' .. . . .•. : - .i· • ·
'<, .. . . I : .. .;". . Kfhds of
lnterruptlon Poases slonc- of
· 2 .. The renunciation· must ·refer to [Link] 1 .. Natural ....: when'thtough cJny cause ·prescription·_
· . ···.· __ai'r~~.·~_Y· 09t_a_i_ne..d.;_,.· . . ·; ,, • •• ··-·.•• ··· • --.-: ,_ •• j ·.·.·.·'. [Link]·e-for more than one y~ar (DE LEON;
. _ 0 _ ~-, .P..roperty,,supra at'7_4677,47), · ~ ... ·
,- . ~e~s.o,~:·.Ar:1-- Q,,-oU~~: Ciyil::Eode_, (Li~_hts r:r:fa_y. be ::-'~ :, . · ·. -:·. ·· · · · -~, _
·, . \Va1'(ed)_but noqh~ngb,J to pr.~scr1be!m the fu_tu_re . No~·e: JrfJ~se '.9f--nator:~1.' iriterruptien:· the·~ old .
-·-}'because 'it is contrary tp public· oraer o( pug_ljc: pos'ses~iop lb'ses allitsjuridical E?ffeds,_.arid even.
-·· policy; .. , ~·.,.._ · .- -_: _. ·.: ..: -~· . · · -:_ i_f. [Link]/_P~.s~es?ion:. if· ·reacquired,· t~e ... ol:f
· .. : .'·. , · - · . ·. ·~:~_·:---.:_· , . ·~ 1
· ·: poss ss~~~ cannot- ,b.e .'tac;ked .t~.' :_the· new
. _-..; 3'.0 -. ll m.~.~~ ~~ ~~_de' l:>y:trr~· Own~jof-th'e•right,_ ~~nee' ·. '.ROSS"ess19g.·for toe.-pl,l~pose [Link]$Crlptton (Id.). .
· ··_ adm1n1_stratof, ~X~f.Ut9r,. agentntcl· C_a~not ·. .' '' ""7. . :; . '_. :·. . . . ~ ' :" . ~-
;-:-.:Je·[Link].::~fll.e~~;_,giVe[J $PA; ... ~ 6 ·.!,.~ .2 .. ·· Civil.- produc~d by judicial summons to tlie
. 4.' · 11 rr\us(n'ot pr:ejl![Link]}[Link] [Link].i_t ii (while po_S$eSsor--.(la}., .. ·. .
.. - "-·· rights may be waived,)t,rri'usrnotffie·preJudicia(to .· .:· :~ . . . . .. -· ... ,.--
. : : . t~~ rights,(ia third p~r_s·~n wi~.h .a ri~h~[Link] ..: · Note: In. the tase: of
civii .interruptrori; 'tii~re, is ·.
.. by, law-(CIVJL .CODE, Art: 6); and .. f. . : /.JrfF. .u.nanitnJty_ ·. bet~~e'n: ··'.the:; (1~y.< .•. a:nd -··the·.
· 5. ·_The persoli'i-enouncing must have Kno'wleag_e of· · .. .- corrinien~ator~ ·in the .vJew ~hc1t if·:th_e._pos&es.?ion · t.. •
• , ,J '. t~e .exis_tefr1c~ .'of Jhe 'rigtk (DE. LEON, Flroj:Jerty, ·, - · 'is recover:ed; .it can be··conne·cted•to·the time that ·.
. . . supdi·at.'736~:73J)': . . ;_. .. . ,.. nas··el,ips~d :as.-:if:'it: Wefe,: irl· f~ct [Link] ·t~e.
:.,- .·,. ',:· .c-·: •· ··'•: . :.:.: :·;_: .. . ·. · ·.·· -"..· , : .. :i pElriod·,ot:interruptio~· is.-,to.b.e~ ..countecf for th-e·
. Kinds:'._:. .,··.·: . . -·. ·. :··"(. .. . . · - ·. - _ prescripticm(/d}
. 1. ..[Link]; ·ancf· . · .·_ .. · : · . ~::. . . . ·. .- · · ~
· · .... · 2.. lm'[Link].adt_: when· renunciation\esults. from · . ·. Effect of.
Interruption · ' . ·· ·,,...;.. . · :.
; ... -·: aqt~ wliich jmply·t~[Link]'inentpr'the right... . Alnhe..-benefits'.a~quired so .far·frorn,thefpossession
·. . .. acq~ired (Id,). ·:, ·.·· /_.. :·. • : . : . .'_.: ·-· . , ;' , : ~ . · .. ce;:ise':WhenJ~e prescription run;_
agai_n;, it wili be an
' . . entirely nevi
on'e·{ld.) · .. : 'r . '-: .. .:.. <'
Note: W~ere.'tt:ie party a~k~owl.~dg~s the CQrreciness-· . .c ·-· : ·-: . : • . . - " ~.. :, • • .
. [Link] c!i1d. [Link] to p·[Link] [Link] has. . Dis\inguish P!esc,ri'ption from;Suspensioh· ·· '
prescrib~d c.!nd with full k'ri6wledge ofthe presc,riptjon, . : . . If p(escript[on is.:mer~ly su·sp~hded, .(as:dJstingui$hed
he ··thereby ·waive$. ·the /be'nefit· of .:.p~escrip'tio'ii . ·_. from interruption), [Link]:-posse'ssion. w,ll'b\3 a'dded; .
(Sambrano· - v0 .. GTA; (;,:R; No. L-8~52,- · March · 30; . Ttifs n,ay happe.n_ .whe.n ·during War, the ~[Link] courts are. ·
.J957); . : . ·-. . ·.,t, . .-.;_ .:_. . . :not o'p,en ,([Link] copE;,
Art/1136J'o'[Link]~re is'·a
< :·· " moratmium on thtpayrner:it of 9ebt~ ETalens, et. al.
But· a simple pi:pmis:e which cqni~ins -neW.· and' v. Chuak,[Link].; G.R L~10127; Juoe 30, .1958;
p9sitiye . : promise_· \q . '[Link] . th~ 'debt. which . has and Rio. and Co: v.: DatuJelkipli,. G.R. £..·12301, April
pres9ribed,suchas,'apro[J'iisetopayonly-one·-haJf'.or ·13; 1959). · ·" ··· -: · .- .- · ... - ·
·ey'en ·a 'part ... payni'ent;. does··· no.t. ~mount ··lo.: ;:i · · · c-- · ·
renunciation. of· prescription (DE LEON, fioperty; ·
supra :at 737). · · ·

2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED .B,AR OPERATIONS I· 451

 .[Link]-PERTY. · . .:
. , 5/iN BEDA'[Link] CENTRAL!ZED BAR OPERATIONS.- MEMORY AID 2019 .
31Vi?&?&S21¥Wk4ti@W:t# 9"..'!15:·Wii>Mk&ZW-#,i & hii@SM¥3%21i!S t:sm;;,i1r;+s&t:@r ca:2~1 !#--7ki~ a&s;:1·#8±11Wt@'.Wif;,

Possesslon : de· facto -r- lost if new possession .of EffectofLapae Time of . .
'another has lasted· longer than ~ · year. · ·- Actions prescribe by the mere lapse of time fixed by
. . . 'law. (CIVIL· CODE, Art. 1139). Ir extiriquishes the
Real. right ot'[Link] - not lost .[Link] after the: action.· ·
· lapse of.10 years.
' .. But. there is no extin~tiv~. pres~ription- uh less the
Recognition by ttie" Possess·o·r period [Link] by law expires ..
Rule:· :Any express or implied · recoqnition . or ; r: ; ~ '\. ·: .... . .:

acknowledgment .which the! possessor may make ..' Mere delay, in theenforcernent of a claim -does not
with. regard to the [Link] 'of owner will also interrupt th~·- .result in any-reduction [Link] ofrigh( unless the full
continuity .otpossesston (CIVIL· CODE, Art. 1125).<... , period required by. law for prescription has expired:
- . . ,. .· .
..

.~ . ,

,_
252 ·1 .2019·SAN'8EDA LAW-CENTRALIZED [Link]!';JS
. -, . . . ·.,.. . : . . \... ,· . . . . : ," ·~ . . ·. .. ;
 . .
P'[Link]·Rtv· .. -:
SAN,8£DA LAW CENTRALIZ'ED BAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY AID 2019· .
i§iif ±:-m, :@2# ·!:c,a · £NYSt: 1..· » . · :t_'t' ; -z;is;mc z #wvz t >&·-,a aa. ·;;ift&:;-!:;
lFi ;z ·x:¥:Mit ta::. 0 t •·· ,sarcvri.,
. . . r

Illusttatlon: . If the. possessor- had. possessed · a

'movable-for three. years· ln' good. fc!,i~h •. before his
possession was converted into badfaith, the 3.'ye·[Link]
wlll [Link] d9'uble·([Link]). -

,R;ght~~ r:iof:~xti~g uish~c/·.~Y .Pr;~~·c'~i~~ion: (R~PE,~

IT-RWS);:· · -, . .. ' ··· .. ~-. - -. · -, , .. Actio_n -to . recover 8 year.s., · 3(ryears
1. . p demand r .Bight .ofw;:iy;<" ·. a- < . ; . · · _.:'- :·-: . ·(CIVIL. · GO()E;
.1140-1141). ·
Art.. . from
iime.
.. !hf
2 ... To .. bring· an··~c_tion.toabate . a p_ut:ilic of private·
· .. nuisarice: · . ·, · · · · · · possession
r '
3. · To demand f artition ct co-ownershlp:
, .
.: ·
.', .. .
·
. -.. --... . , is~!o~i- . -.
. ,
4_? To rdemand1 [Link]·ent_ O! fight-ind,,,YJ~w·thrqu~B:' Foreclosure . bf .10 years ._
observance, by servlent ·owner~ of distai)ces'·'f_6.r : ·.:· ...
. M_ortgage (CIViL
'dlrecfor obncue-vlew; .'· ·_.:, .. ~ . .".· ' .:_:-· :·. :· ::·; :. . ·coo_E; Art:)142);.
· s-~ To declare \t~~; !nexjsleh~.e of 'contract '.qr J9e · All other
.
actions
.,
Within 5.. ye~&, -f~om 1th~·
nullity '9( a void judgfiierit; ··. :-:·.. _ .. . . ., .. .:.:..·.
whose periods are·nbt t_ime t_he right of ~ction
·-~: ·6. :to 'compel a .. ,[Link] fone~c:onvey. property-
- fixed .. in . the .[Link] accrue.s .. , ·:
. regisJered in his' r:i'ame for ,tfie. ~eriefiJ .of the'. ceitui (CIVIL. . (;ODE, Art:·
,que l!14,st; end t,_ • .. : . . . • . '. _ :. · .• ; ..
7·:· To compel _Beconveyar)<::e;of l.~nd r_egiste·red i,n ·.
. 1/19). -,. ; ' . . ··r: ·,.
bad faith provided it has)ht>'t [Link]\io · 1.·'Upon a written '1 cf ye_9_~(from t~~ .!i~~
'innocent purchaser for.. valuer; -: . ' . ' '. . ...
.. . . '· ::... ~ . . ; . :. .. •·. . · . contract;. . ,the ngh~ ' actron ·ot.
· 2 ..,: ·upon an, obligation
-

·ac~rue.!:>.
~·

Reated ,PY'. law; ahd . ·' ~... ; ·.

3 Up_on · a~ Judgment ... ·· · . , ·_ ·., · ·
· . ,(CIVIi:. CODE; Art.· . · - ·'. · ·
. ' 1144):' .· ·: . . ..

. (

.1. L)pon an ihjury .. .tj:i. 4 year? . .

-··-~··th'e ·\jg_hts of,)he:; ~~; · .. · ;. · ·.. >-
' . [Link]@if( .. ' .(CIVIL' ·:. " ··.. . ~ < · . . i: : .
. .: 'GOQ.'s~rt.'\1"46)i~· _.. , .·· ; / ·.. :
: · 2._ Upon a .quc:1s1-de.!ii::t · · , _ ·.. :::·" -·
. · . ([Link].':CODE; · .Ai:t.~' . ,_.
,.··114'6l-'
• '/,,
......
• •
: .....
•• ••
'. -
......
-
• •••• • ...
. .
, ••• •
. ,I
·:·.
3. -Revoke.
or .. (edu·ce ·: .. ::: .. · -

. l(v.~13n'[Link] 'ioi- reconveyance is based on a

.. ', do~aiion' base'd :en.
-. ftie':··. . · : ·,.:birth,'·
..
. . :·:: :: '-'~;:· ·.; · : )· .-·..
.
<' \ ·
. ·:·ai>'p~a1rance ... · i 'gr. ·. . - .. :· .. ', ' ......
. · :· VOi_d.dee.d or
.contrc{c;t;'th·e ae::liOffis;frtipresGrip\ibre
· · · adoption of· a·· chjl~; · ·, · ·. .· ...:= . ;· . · 1, · '
··under Article·.1.,i-,1 Q:of the. NewJ:ivil Code.:· As· long
. a~. the:, la rid= wrorigfu(ly 'regi,steredi 'L(ri'ae'r.. the" .. .. '([Link]!=,
.
Ait
'
... -: .·· -~ .... ~ ,
. ·· Torre'n$. sy's.f~m; ii,;-still °i~· the riarne· o'f:the· per$On . ; . ·. '763);- '. _ · .• · .. < . '• : , ·' .. ;. ., .• ;:'.'. . -

.. whcf· .caused· .such

reg.i'straH6n', -' an:· .aGtibri ;: in.
A. 'Revoke' . donation.·~-
based on non-;
·''·
··
.· ..
·· (' · ..
, per9onam'will li.~Jo. soinpe( h.i.m fo _re99nvey' t~e. [Link]~c~ .wit_f: a--. :t \ .. _..,._ .:
prci'p'e'rty t9_the real owner ('Spouses Yu'Hwfi f:ing condition · :(CIVIL' · · > . ·: · -~ t',
·vi_.Ayala'- ~c1nd,.;·1nc:, N~:-'·173!20; 'G:f~-
~6,, ·_Ju(y . cop'E;·ArJ./64J: ·. . · · , .. --
) 2017).!:,:>:· : ... ',. · . . . ,:_ , ·. ~· '_;, . .~:::Rescissr9~· ·.. . - of ,,. . ·:; ( :_. -~ ':-
.a: To [Link]·!ssuance of a writ of possession; : .
·9 ..... To erobate will; and <i a
,, · · , - . r·.
. contra,cts · (C(VIL'
GOD{=, Art.- .1'389, , · ·.
· · ,.· •.
-·
1 o:. R~cover/by :.the . .§tat~' of. rio'n-re_gj~[Link]~ [Link] par. 1); and . '
·-· (QE f:.EON;.Propert'y, [Link]. 7(3:7;7-68).. . · . q. · Annul a_. [Link]
:-rc1v1L coqE,_.:Ah.··
',. •' • .~:... • • ·.• ' .,· .' I ' . ,,· ·, ..._. • • • : ,., • • .

! .

~ : ;;: .. '.:·t.39_1, par: 1)

·: ':s:i ...

. ·-
·2019 SAf\!"BEDA !:.AW CENTRALIZED:BA~ OPERATIONSJ-253
 PROPE_RTY
. SAN [Link] CFNT~UZED BAR .OPERATION_S - MEMORY AID 2019
~W5§ '?ft~ <gf..ff& •':Wf!.t§¥fJX*[Link].."'Mi'lfd"d~~ ·

...
1. Forcible" entry and 1 year _ .: Dlffer~nt K_inds· of Actiorfand corresponding
detainer , . {CIVIL ·-- . " · Reckoning [Link]
. CODfa, [Link]. 114_7); . . ;of P~es~~~ption Period:.
2. Defarriation (CIVIL-· r.-:.-~~ ~~~~~~~
90QE, Art. 1147); .. ·.·.
3. Recpver :- .> • ,. ••

possession de' facto" ~,

.tlie:
·,,
(CIVIL. CODE, Art. · ;[Link] day th~y may be
1 f47); . brbu_ght . (CIV~L 'CODE,.
4 .. Revoke a donation ~mr... .•.-::
0 1/t.- _ 11_50(. .• . . .
on the- qround of . '
[Link]~ (CIVIL ···..',:
CODE; Art. 769);: · .
q.. Rescind or recover
~F~on, the la$t paynient of
· damages · if·
~ ,the" ; arinu_ity: ~or ., of ih.e,
. immovable is' sold-
[Link] (CIVIL· . CODE,
,...___,\'-'.H.h . -non-apparent ' .A:,rt:,·1/t51).: ·;.
_ <ftrirt and~~it~~°ri.. ·
1560);
:.:~ . , . . . . ·•
. . . ' . .. '

6. ~E_nf_<:i_rcewarranty of - ...
. solvency . . ., v. ii) .. =--., ..........,.·.·.. Fr~m ~the:. Hme: JUdg'ment
assjqnrrient .... ,.of ; . . . . .. .pec_a_nie · .firtal· ·. (CIVIi,,.
·Z'>j -'l~- ,..;_ 990_1;,.Art. 1.1}2). . ..

t' .
credits '' . ·(CIVIL.
. ;,.,
, cooE, Art.-16?9J.: ... .;~Y/. ?.··· ,. -., .·)s ·
,f • • • ... . • .. ••• ' : .• • .·'

. . . . . ~ "l.f 1r- ··.J.t . .;.._.,

.. ~~~ruc1r~f ~aus~ of ~ctio.n ~ l. .: . . ~}~. . From. {he day persons

- :who··-stiol'.lld;reritjer'the
tpe'
. • ·, Cause of action ari~es _wh·e.1tha~pi9h sh91;.1l? [Link]:_ -H:tl
been dope I~ not d_c:[Link] "Qr·t~~~I€~ _sh._o~l~\i·nof'no/'E;,,:\ !~~ ~,. ~ sam·e [Link],in;iheir.

·. ; .. · -~~~~·dt~~-'.8- . do~~,-~DE ~~\~.p~\?ra~-\~r{:.~-

· · · · ft)\ ~ - till ' ij ' ·· ·
[Link] (W~/J/GJPbE;, ·.
A(t.:1153).: ·' :·. ·
· · r- r ·
..
.
..

.... :· .: ..· , Ess~ntial-Elemen_t~ of:a_Gooc;l·C~use ot~r~~- : ..~-- ·~ --r.' ·" ._Frojn'tlte date'wnen_said. · ·
: .. :·. . ·1. : i;~iM$i'.1.c~ ofleqal ri~h~_:a ~\[Link]!\ -.'.' -~S) +-':\ '. l~·sl,llt was r~cogrilze~:tiy .....
.. · . ;r [Link] , . c1 ·. · ~.orrel;,p~nd!ng ::..-Jf~al-·, e ·: · 11~.: ·/~, -~gr~·eJ{fe'nt~or,t~.e· ·. · .. : -."
=r- · .... , defendant-and '·X·· · <'...: .Sc·,l , .. . .
. Er~r . ' ·_ ,.:; . ·. . "\<.-_.~ODE,°'
. . · .' :[Link]· parties ([Link]'
·-... ·3. 'Violati_o~ ?~ .b~~ac~ -OT. ttw( ri_~(ozd~t~ witf} 'A1..-'1-_1~4t''- - ..
__ · consequential rnJury'oraam·age,toillJ~ ~rntif:[Link]----
. .wl)ich h~ may maintajn ari ~cti6"n'·f~~r;,i!ro~1iate
_ · . .
M;\~i\~ · ·.· : , ·':· · .. ·,. ·
. · ·. · - >· · ·: · .·,_ ~. _. · . . :; ·. · _. . ·
.:: _r~li¢f([d.J.·- ... ·. ,·
'.'·· .. · ... · _·;, __ · .. - .. · ''.~!~~,,"cf~7lJ:>ti~~-~-~-~f,~·~.c_r!p~i:on){,Actidn~~: .. ·i ;.
1 .. ~ .[Link]:i·-~.CtL<?,l"),ID, cour.t .([Link],;Property;
_ ·. - ·.· . . . ·:. ..· .· . : . _ , .... ·.
. . <f'-.!C?.t~: [Link] rriOmE:Jnt the·breacil]ef ~igh't_orduty.9,CG_UrS, .
. ..
.. . ·supra a.f 783). • . ,-·: · ·'.· :- . ·: ... 1 ·: '' > ': ·:. <. . . .
· · , _ the:!} t~e Jigh~ of .action. acc.~~es-;; th\3r~for.e pE,'!ri6cl 0f... •. _. '-: · :--~-. :· · ,, : .". 1:·,,·,:_··· .. ..-' ·• · · : :, \ · • ··,;· · .
· · prescription_-begini;to r!,!n (Solid Homes· ln{'v.'.,Tan,' ····: · _ttqte:··1nt~[Link] e~[Link]"'.e, [Link] ·.cis;to the· ... :_.
. :[Link].. NC?s::.'145'. ~6-57, J~l(29:·.-·2ab~f. '_' :-:\:.·; :~:·:·-.: . _::::·:.: .. ?,,·L~.:·(~
.~:~.-.'.~sr~t~_tL'.d_:_t.·:~t-s?_~~-·~e-· .'.r."~-::·>:_)_-~.-::_.·
: :.:..,: ·. . . ..·. ;:,
.• : ~ . .,: . l • • -~ '. : . .· . : . , ..: . ·.

. Rigt)t: of. Action Distingui~l]e,d: _.from,. C~.~$~ · pf ·.' · '';-, .. :[Link]'Jg;,of;a .motio,h~rf.9r r:ec;on$f<:le)rpt)on cbntinl,JeS ,
. },ctiori~ .. . . ....:,, . . . ' . : .i: . . . .'• '-.:... : ' .. . ... ·: . : ._.the:_- s~s~_en'~i9~ ·:·o()11e r~.r)._Qi.~g,:-_of•.-:~re~crip_tf~n
·. ·. T-he fmmer rs the [Link] commence ·aria· marntarn·an- _ .- . . p§ln<?.d, ,_wp1Gb :runs_ ._agp_!!l· .:c!fter,.,,thl;l . court
. actiort°it_:i;prings frorn-'the actji~ .. :bt}f.~oEi ~~~S~~~c/ ·: :. pri¢.~~dirJ~S -~,Ay~·"· ,.fin~!ly,_·. ··~een-::·'. ter~ir:1ated · ..
[Link]·_until. all facts [Link]-constitute'Jhe .. cause-- · ,.. (C~_t:JJ~a._v: P~o12Je, GR· No.--~-5.3776,_.{vfarcfJ ·18, .
~av~.~ccwred_(Muft[,R$c!,lfy
N.o .. 1'46726, ·Juhe- :16; 200q).··
f M~kati . .i~~:ca,;iy;~,G.R:~ · '.. ,.
:.. · .. _'.:.... . · '·'
:,19~,_f3('::_ .,·· ·.. ·.- .... · .... · t/ i.'·., _~..... ·.·.· __ .:
· ·
~<._. ,~·-,-. .: ,.
· · · · · ·• ·wn~'t.t,E! ·pre~cripti()nJ~;J'rif~[Link]~ ,by::aJudjcia'1 .
. . · '· ; : . · .. depan9,.J~~)[Link] -~eri6cj.,[or-,tfii _pi,e~~~l_i?_li~!J,~~-~t.
be · rec;koned · from the .. ;-cessation . :of· the
. il)terru'i,Won (F_lore~do .v.~ !fR. Nq. brgano: i.-
-: ·. ... , 4037, · N_ovember 27, ·.: 1951;.: Perman"ent '[Link]
·and·.Loan Bank V. · [Link]·, G.R.' No. 140608, .
-S~ptem.ber23:., 2~04)_;: ·

:..
.· ·254 2.Ql9:SAN.
. '
[Link]
.. . .. .
BAR . OPERATIONS\
. . .
 PROPERTY . -· .
-
SAN BEDA [Link] BAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY AID 2·019
. .. . . , ~

8.y
• ·~ ~ • J •

2. Written · extrajudicial demand· by the·. creditor .[Link]. o{ debt:· the debtor m_aY:
(D_E LEON!.Property, _supra at 784). · renew the .. ,obligation and inJerrupt the
' . prescription so ,as to make· it run only from the
The· demand must be In writing and made before. . _date [Link] acknowledgment (Id.).
[Link] Of the period fixed by ~9W (ld.j ..
.A m~re offer ·-tci comp"rornise a. suit upon a
.. su'pposed debt is not ari a"dmission that anything
Petitioner's action for collection- of 'a sum of
-rnoneywas .based or, written ·._contract and. a .. is..due arid ·canf}ot ~·e L!S.e.d as. [Link]· ag9in~t ·
the defendant (Lict,_'au'co v." .Limjuco, G.R_. fio.
prescribes after ten years from .the' time its right 6J8f}, Mwch 1.1, .1911). ~· ·. .
·, . 'of ,action'. arose. 'nie
prescript\v·~ period .is
. "· interrupted-when there is a wdttin··.e~tr~judicial
'demand by the creditors. The _interrupt1ori 'of the
prescriptive . period- . by . written . e~t~ajudicjal ·.
demand means .that /h_e ~a_iq ·.· pe!ioq:': WC?_~l_d ·..
·· commence . anew from the receipt. of the·
. demand.A written ext_raJLidlci~il'demand wipes out .. :
... ·',..
the period, that" has 'alreadyelapsed and starts .. 7 ~ .:

._ane_w the prescriptive period([Link]~n('[Link] .·

.. . ' .. : .
fl . -·
and: Loan- Bank v. Velarde; ·G.-R.' No .. 140608,- • ·: 1
. ·.:
S~ptembei 2.3; 2904{ :_~-· . · . · · ... : . · .-, . .
: :·
~- . w~ftt~n "acknowledgment.. of ·.the' 'debt- :by, the
. ', ·. d_ebtor:-(1ci.;.· . .· -

·'

-~--

'· •. ~ : 1...._

~--.
'~. . . ·~ . . t ..
~-,
• : ~ . ,. ,. •j ·. :'. • ' ., ..

\ .

. · .. : Acknowle_dgmenl can be .rnade -by . a· leqal .. ;· ')

"[Link](i9'),: . . . . . ·. J . ,·' ...

"'"\ . - . . . .. r
J .I'• •

: ~he -~~k~qY'li~gr:n~nt o( debt b~f?.r~\perioq . 9.f:-: .. ·,..:.

: prescription [Link]: interrupt . the' _expiration- of t.~e. .
. - ·-. period . of -: .presbtlptlon, ·. by:t : . :a. . <mere.. i
, .. , ·.
.,.:: :'.'('

acknowledqrnentof the obliqation after-it -has .... ,..,....·

already prescribed' is· not [Link]' renew ihe> : . . .: .
·- "period Of j:>[Link]:"(/d.J. . .. ·C.
- • . ~ • -: .•• • .,· '*. • :·
I. .
.
.. [Link] perioq has·.al~e.a:dy:e~pi;ed,.there must be a. •,,,,
I • ', • •,

renunciaticn Of the prescription atreedy acquired, -. ·: · ..

· in order action may be acquired (Id.). ,.
.. ...
,.:_
. . Mere·, ·[Link] ~ of .. d,ebt- do:~~ .. nq( . ' ·
constitute [Link]·· ·of. pre'scription already··
.-acquj(ed (Id.). ~- "· . ·, . . . . · , .· ··. _ ~ ·. . ·

. "2019 SAN BEDA ~ W CENTRALIZED BAR OP~RATIONS 25.5

 _.
Sll'[Link].N
SA/I/ BEDA _1./}[Link] OPERATIONS.- MEMORYA!D 2019
~ e7&@&aif iW0&j£i#07'M'it\'ri##i!WiWMBt?*Hi4~§§M§i4W¥¥4&@k\@4ii$#i&MiitlM·*@WM8it:!iikhR&kk¥AM

Su~b'ession . ·.,. '.

/>:. IT)octi:,_of.acquisitjqn_ by ·y_irtu.e'tjf WQich the property,
rights and obliqationsjo tffe' extent ·af the value ofthe
irih_e?[Link]...-?(a p~rs&.
~r~:\ra:n~·[Link]~ th.~6~g~. his.
· q~a!h....to .anothej; or oths?,rs .~ither·. by :.his will ~r:· by.
ojretationof lay., (CIVIL COD,E.~r.t.: 774).: .

. . -·
. I''·~

." .. f..

:_::.·,,.
: -~ ,·~-· ~: ...
,..:.:: ·:v,
. ···--=":·.

. ..... ~.: : ..

. .,.~-,·~
.E~c0,-[Link]~~. ~. , . s0ftj~cJ<9~~i;: , ·- ~~ns-.: :· ·.:. .· ~·,:· ·~yisim~·'./;1,·_:·:·;.~: ,~,, ... ·· · · · :.. ·:
· MAAY C~LL C. SUMANQUI ·: · ~- . CRt~~A 'D.. :[Link] . litl,Afl:-1 G. PEPITO_,. ·MERRYL . D~ap. . ~D.. VINCENJ . S: '
· . q,~e:·£:(!' .C,h1irp.~rs9,n;: EW,<;.t\ '~!'~/l!f{_.~l1.a[,.-;~M.1P::Y. <;k~.n:.}YYN·.. :~~~ .• ;, ·, -~f,iii):MN<;:IA;;j .,W.M.9!~..
P,(l<!Jl.',w.J'~\t~, .·· ... . :·
. :~ C. VJ~i). Chairperson Joe, t, ·. C:A~9 -Assistan.t .. Subject- · ~~ :Jl9~t · D~;- R;,. -~~NJ'P·. ,Ill.,·: .;, ·.{\tij ..
,.Acadel!.!iss,·~,,:~~~ ... ')~E!,.: E. i C[ia_ir, JAYSQ~ .. ~::·;I:IIQ~~-- RQfi14NO, . ·... .-:-.- : _ ,;,;},t~~L·P;.,c:".s~g,),¥tty. , .. ·...-.,
. ·- .. · ,BARBpR()_Ch~[Link],Hotel ... S11b;ec.1 l;[~cfro_nic D~[Link]!: .J~. _.: ,C~t~ ... 7.:·
.p~ o.p~~-c~.uz;:~ttr,.: ·•.
. 9£.~rgtJ.o!!~JH~LSE~LOlpSE:R .. ;.MJ\Rµ'\ _Alj.QELI~t·.R, J:.()'1,E~ • .G~~C<:JN, ·,MJ\..: CHERllD/mE .: .: RO~LL" IX·J.!LAO{l'N;')~tty. · . )• ·,,.

D~[Link]'C~airpers?11:f~~ • <;qnflJct ,_'of''.{ Laws, .S?~~ .'. G,'.: LABANG~o;,-,,MARIELA .. ' JOSEJ?'i-f'.\·[:E~~J\ND/:·~. · ·
. Secretariat, E~ ~Sl_lN. M. ··YIG'f_9Rµ\' E. M\NA .. P~rso~~ qn~ ': ~}\ M~.JE~ Z~. · -D~Cl:.qWE.Z1,·~try.. ;'P-)E~~-. . ..,.
·Y~f\O. Vice Ch_airper~on:J'?r ·. J~mily· 'RelqtiQ!JS-. · JOANNA O'(ALES; ' . BENISE . ' D .. GENEVIEVE NQEVE-CO, . . ,
Operations,' MA~ANGEqCA B .. [Link]'.?~[Link] KA:MLl\ ·,. 'C. fy{.@~viBA, ·o,[Link] J<RlS. 13.. · . .f· . . ,··• . ' .'
9 .. :: . : ;,
• • • ' • ,._ . '"'• • ' • ··nr'.i. .t'r
.-. ·4 1. {' •:, • AT' • . , •

' ;.D.~ ,!:fON .•. Vice .Chpirp.~~~[Link] ·'-'~C,.9,~NTp:,: PrrP,.er;y_, • PJJ.1 . <{?Nf:f~)~P!i:JE,~~v~~I
· F1_1.1anc.~,--··f'JUY\~.,.[Link];YA_'J:.'·I:.;qnt/'Titles'. '.andi·P:eds;: ~YIJ'l )l~;·G~~ ~EA§_AR;S:·.::. · ··' · ·- .. >· · · /'-::, . · ·: .·, -· ,'.·
B~~G..A.l'-f. Y!E.e· c.~airp!!rson_ . GHRIS1µW ·.. . f>. : "' r._~q~ ~
UA.9lJ!.O, CA~1q,1rC:§m:-Z:C?,~ . <.. . . (- . '; .. :....
i
..Jor.{[Link],JORDf.l'J.N: CHAVE3<., .Succession;:. [Link]. E.: DALIDIG .-[Link].F~,SOLANO, . - ·- ; .. ,, -
ViCJ Chairpersp~ jof.E_DP, ~z. . Olilig"afi9J1S. . .im,d' · c~.ritracl$, . J.C?~~- ·#umct
.':~oM!£o.- ·Y.-.. · _ . .· · .. ; .. / "
, ._p~n·. ·-~D .. ny. · V/ce · ~';JlVINANTJ·l<;)Nx'. 13. VIADO .. ~¥,V.1:WIOt/1.~0!§.llENE~ .R. . , - . .~ . ·~~
.Chllirpirs9nfor.L'qgistics, and: ·Sales a'rid,L~!Jse,.KORINA CES ~-·. · TUBGN,'-C2_ESKAJOH.i\.NN ,G. .' · . -~;, .
· _DOHN A.I:FREIYE: 0 -'\QUILIZAN
-::'CUEVA 'ParJnehh'ip:and_'Ageni:y,.' CO;c"'jEANNE ·PA~. F.- .. · \: · ·
· · Vice <;[Link] Me,Jfbership ~ .·ANA · ANGELA · T. RES~CCION,., , MfilUA· ,
. . SIMP-11.0 ,.-· Credit. · Transacti(!ris,. EMILIA,. A SIBAL, JERRIC ·B ..
,.
;r -·. ' . .GlZEllE. ..:: ·KA:RIN'A ... D.C. . CRISTOBAL . .
'~ :
M_?NTERO To~t; ~~d Damag~; . .. . L . ·.,. ...,
.. ,
·.. · ' I.
 ( .. ·.
SAN BEDA LAW CENTRAUZED 8AR_ OPERATIONS -·MEMORY AID 2019
0

MW ~A\ttMAif fui#i% ·##Mi5i?'Z-tiZ:S·Mt:A#i ,SW«i t %Slfi·t4# P.t& kti6 "Gfft.+\l?ifi,MH#!\..,; , %~·}'\. 1§ ;s ,, gs:4:-q 1d $ ft:,·

Elements: .i [Link]
..
v.' De~is~e.s Qr Le~a·t~~s -
. :- ~
L Subjective . Elernents: . Decedent - and
Succeasors · ... ·
. _ a. :;.b~cede_~t. - ;1 . " , .

.: :: ·· .. Th¢ p_erson whose · property _is transmitted · .[Link]~r iit1e.; ·- . · .. ., .

. . ·. throuqh-succession, whether ornot he )eft a
.. an 'succe'ed to: . indi~idual
. '. will,(C/VJ_i.. COD°I;!-A_rt . .775),:
a. , Testator~ if_ he, left a will.
. .
fildeterminat.e . ,or ite'm~ property. 'of
aiiqu,0t'porliop. ! -~ ... · _. ... :
-. .. b. . Dece~~nt t: if ~ejeft no will ..
. .
',, .I ,,,.. ·-., •. ' • • ' .

. ' . . ~ ,. . "
. · ..
• l~ - ,. .

. .
. ·b. ··su'~:ces_~!)r$· •''(Tians"f~rees or Causg., ;..
:. ·, .'. hdb,erites).-· . ">. . : . . ·su~te_edb,y'rheari's :$ucce:ed -by. me~'ns :'of a'~ bta:
·.j:- ,: Hei/s::...'·Those who ·a~e called ·the -,tb ·. will' or·8y o'pjratio'n 'wiJi. only · (CIVIL CQDE;· of
- whole or 'to. an . aliquot. portion of the.. . ·l~w. '(CIVIL CODE; Art. ArJ. 782/. .
. 782\ - ~ .. ·. ·.· ·. ,· ', .
: inh,etlta~'cf e1ther PY Will or t>y-o_perr_atiori' . ';,·.·. /, '· .. ••• • : # ·...:..

qf law (CIVIL COJJE; Art. 782). . . _ .

. ·, -;' ·. . 1}~{:;df0pUl~ory/Forced ·...:: Those :·who"-.~
-.. : '.. :

: . .. _,;.. ·: . succeed )?°Y _-fi;frce bf law ·to some

.- "'portion of tM 'inheritance. 'in: an
. '•am·ciur:it- predeterm] ned law, b/ . '.
· known as'·Tegitime·:'[c,vtL:''..,CODE, .
. Art. t/86). . . "' . ·

. .' r> ·:. :-'.(. . 2-)' Voluntary , Those who' succ~ed by

'>,.-_;vJr-ttl~ ~f- t~e-~ill -~f _t_hf~~stai¢iho
.··.: .. · '. ..· )~e;·.':".h.<?le_· .. o~ aliquot .p~rt...-Jrthe_
·· · · , · disposable ··.free.. [Link] , of· the
, ./ · '. .. hefe'dit~ry Tt'i_'ey exist' q~ly, in
1esta'{e·.:
. ..· ' ·" testamentary
... ,'•''
·.-. · . . · succession
. "!'¥ .
: · · ', ·,(J_URAD'Q1 · ~_pcc~ssi~n; su12ra· · at [Link]~.'a~ ~Jic{?cf pa~ :~~it-:6~~,spe~ifJ.~d .. by th~
.· "; ·. •'
·_ ... ·
1_
/1,:B_r\an_~·, . . -~.. ': .· 4\ .. , ,of'~... t~ez1n.d'i~e~rf<l)._n?,,te ?estator:_ • • .. ',';.' '0 , - ', • • I •
. portion of tb~ estate, . , . -- : . ,· ... . . ·
'

, '{J_URAD.@,'Succ~ssion;- supra af 27-28).' .

. ·~ ,·
. ·>: . . :. ·~ ;:~- . - ·. ; . . . . . :·'· ;._-~.· . . ,·.'i. ~· .;\_. . /
. _ .. : .. ' Not'e':]h.~ distir:i'ctio~·-.pe~~-e-~:-"heirs ·_an~
. :. · '· -legatee~_ -~fe',.~ignificcf~t ·in. U1e·:·follo~i,r1g.
_,...,...__..-.....,._-·--"'c"'a,.,,-ses:
-- -
·(Pl.A)'
- It
,.. , • ·. ·, • . - · • -; • -·.·.: • --·1. ·- ·

. · · · · L::, _!:rete·ritipn-.(CfV/L: f:0Df;;-''Ait_-: 854); ·.

. . : . - ·,ii: .. Imperfect [Link] (CIVIL CODE, .
.
.. ·•.
. · :_. . ·. _.' :'.'.,-~A,tt:;9.18);Jiii~''~: ---::··_,_::;.·:·•t\01\i' ·:<_ ..
.
..·, .. /'
: .
.
:-' ·:., ·.>_,... • iii: . '8fle'r-iactjui(Efd ;~. '[Link] 1
"' .- ('C{VIL ....,
-" . .",J "> ,c()bE/~rt\'793) .. · . , .. ··. ,, :_:_·-'. \ · ..·. ·. ~
-·~-~'-' .. _.: ~·._·. :·y.:! ··;"~:·_::\. :·-- .. '::-'.)t.:i ../5 .· :;· _ ... :j: :· 1 ~ ... -
· ~- '. ·:· ·3'.) .. <eg;Iti~te~1~t¢". -~ .. :~-Tho~~-·· who. · . '. '.: Voiu~·~arY-.H 1eiri v: beyisees: o(Ligatee~ ·:
,_: ,;-. ,;' .. , ; suc'ceed'by,op·erqtioh'.o~ la~;when' . .. . . . . .. - .
. ', .. ,,.· : legal' or, intestate suc·c~ssion· takes'.
•• '·:. ":' .-' •• - • •• :I,- •••• • •• ,:;. •• • .• ••• • •,•. .,;· •
/ . place: Th'e~ are das·sified $s:-
. .!..: · : ~ ' ·• a'.) .Those \vho· inherit'-.in their own
· · .,, ' · ,:. · ,· · · · · r1gh(and ·. · :. ·> · · · '' ·
· .. b\.'·Ttio~-~:-who· .'inherit. by right ~f.
. . ' . . . .. . . ·_repre~entatior,:, - ' .
•, •'' • ",' ' • ' •, • • • I • \ '

~ . -:/ .' .· :,:\;~ ... : :~·-e~is~-~~ :t~'.~-;o~ ~ifts -~ji~s~,~~ cit r~al ;
. . ' : . . :" . ·.. property'. are .. given oy; virtt,Je 'of a will . •• .~:t'- -\.,/·!-s~
·: ·, · · (civtCcooE Art. 782): ' .. .: ,._·.. . .. 'A~iiuCthe';~nstitC'tYon: \:it -Vaffd 'fhsof~r;~fthey ir~
,~:- · ;·.- . · iii'. Leg'at~es :... pe_rsc:,ns whoix_, gifts: of. . · ·i,{ . heirs tci' .the . .'ext~·nt' that n·ot 'iho'ificioys · ( CiVIL
person"al [Link]'rl{arei' given ;\)y virtu~ of th.¢ .. 1~.[Link]'ne. · of, the. COOf=;;Art. 918): ..
a wiil (¢/VIL .9QQE, Art. 78ij.·_ · ,.
.,; .... ~ . . . -. . . . . . ';. . : . : . .:. . . ..
.
. ~disi_nherite9 ,, . heir' · is" . · , · · ~-
. ~ .
prejudiced ·· (C/V/t
CODE, Art. 918). -, .

2019-SAN BEDA lAW [Link] ·BAR' OPERATIONS I .257 · ·' :

 ·SU:CCESSIO·N
. 5/,tN 8ff)t'! LAW(;ENTRALIZED
BAROPE~T/ON~: ~EMORYAID 2019 . . .
~u,w "7!!:fl?:S# w ,#, s Rf9t?,oii5&i!,. zas wasww&GB??,a &tm&:S',Si':*5'• 41\lt it:t:PtAil'®[Link]@@Mh'!&¥~':fM:Xffiiirii&tr
m

2. Causal Element: Death

When Right toSuccesston is Transmitted
. The rights -to the succession are transrriitted
Inherit -ev-~r:ythi~g at the After-acquired · . . - ·· · · from themoment of the death of the decedent
time:. cit the· testator's properties. shall only .· . ; . (CIVIL COQE, Art. 777).'[Link] rule applies to the.
death . . (JURADO, pass. thereby, as ,if.:the . 2-kincis of d~a.t~: · . . ·
Succession, , supra at testator, had ·possesse.d · a. Actual; ·and
'36). . . jl at th'e tin,$ of the .: ·b. - · Presumptive.
ma'king of· the . wil],
should. ..it . e~pre~~ly, N6te:· It is not tradition .(delivery) that transfers ·..
.. appear -bythe. ~ill· that. .ownership, bui .: succession. The .effects ·of the:. ·, .
. such was . his intention. .. . 'acceptance · ot: inheritance .. retroact , to the - '
( civu. CODE, ,1rC_793f moment of death (3 PARA-S, SUP,ia at 16) .

. . ~--·· ... -...

. :•..

·= .....

0prior

. By ~)rtue of .il!c~essiop, settlement. ~f !~~

. _,,.· ~~t~t~. _ir-",:~~( ~~c~,s~~~Y,' for ;~ny ,pf...lli~: t1~_ir.s:_t9. ,:. ·
: atq)J,r~ .. legc11/·~~p9·c,ty .. to: .s~~'- ;He_ir? · ..[Link]. _ .
- . commence [Link] or,igi.[lglly':p~r.t?J.i:iing: t9.. tl1-e_:-_. ·.....
. .' - ~'[Link]#eiHf (Emh~_{e-·/- 9;f .G'J{ · No. .126~$4, .. . : -:__ ·.
·· Nqvembei'2.3, ?OO)).:· ,_._ .
·.... ·. . . . . ·. '' \
The-fact. that' the [Link]· estate is placed ·
.

under .. 'actrhinistralion. will' . not affect the .

·1 . [Link]
. Art. 77'7(JURAbp, ·successi6n,
. . " . -
.. '

258 I 2019 SAN. ~[Link] CENTRALIZE'D BAR OPE~TIONS

I • • • ~-...
 S.UCCESs1·o·N
SAN f)EDA LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR OPERATIONS-:...MEMORYAID io19

supra at- 12). However, .[Link] cannot compel . has, not been known (CIVIL CODE, Art.
. the administrator to deliver- to hirri his. respective . 3_91)._. .. .
portion without order'of the court (Id. a( 13). ·
. - ·. . . . NotejThe person is presumed [Link] died
. .
No judicial declaration of heirship is· necessary at the tirneof the disappearance.f.e., at the
in: 9rder- thatan heir may assert his- or her right time thecalamity took place, [Link] at the ·
to tbe property of the-deceased. Under the Civil end of four (4 ).years (JURADO, Succession,
Code and Gode of Civil. Procedure, the title to supra .at 1'2). · .. ·• · · • . · ·:. · · · ' ·
; the. property ,owned by a:·~perso-n -who dies . "·... ~
. ' intestate passes at .once 'to his ..:heirs. Such The succession 'reatiy·t~-ok- [Link] years
ttansmission is subject ·io. the claims· of before (on the dayof 'the disappear~nGe};"
·, administration andthe property may be taken _but aclualdlvision wfll only be ·at· the end ·of
fro_m the, heirs for the 'purpose of paying .debts four . years. In other- words, from . the
••
7
• -and expenses.' Without-· some- showinq that a ·begi_nning ·of the· said .tour .Y~~rs,:,the hefr
- . judicial· aommtstrator had been ·:appointed' . in . ·· shall · <be considered , the owner , and
'prcceedlnqs .tosettle the estate, the right of the. possessor of the property, and n"oi' only from
~~- heirs to. maintain such, 'action -is . sstabjlshed .: · ·._ theend thereof (3 PARAS,'·supra et' 18): -
. · :·( Gloria:paydua!I, v. Builders ·_Savings and Loan
"....
~:--. ,. •,
.,> • ' •••

. · Assqciation,, GR_.- No.-20.2324;,[Link] ·4, 20·1 [!). · · In ·bo'th.-cases,: the .succession is· only of
_provi_sion_al . character- be,ca_u-s'e: there is
Determination:of the- [Link] o.f Death in [Link] always the chance that the·abseritee may
of [Link]~e~De~_th-~ · '.. ·-, ... . .. · . -<· • ~till_-b~ a~ive (Id.). -. ·.·, ·_.-.,:_ ··-.·: · · · ·
Gen_~ral ~_ufe: 'The .• tin,_~ when th.e ab~~nte~_ .·
actually .d_i.ed:"rnu~t be: proved in cJc·[Link] 1ith'·. "----~.....
•~ .Note,· 1/ttiere--i~-- [Link], -~s- between two or
the . ordinary ·--rules-·' of·., evidence (JURADO, . 'more persons who
are' callea._to succeed_
Succession, supra at.11) .. :· -. ' . . .e!3Cti pther, as t.o ~which -Of .fuer:n·.aied first,
. _.· . . ·." .
· ~tfofer-~alleg_e~. t~e de__ ath o(o__rie _pri_or'.tp th~J
oth~r11sfjall:[Link],~_the· same; in the _abse·nce
. o1f,roo~., is. p'resur:nea !h~t_ they_ ~(ed-at}he·.
same . time and there: -shall be·· no
·;~ansniisji9,ti\>frfg_ht~-fro~. o_rie' t_q:t,he-bther''
{€7Vlt ,~OD[?, Art:. 43).,. · :·7 •: ' .. - ':. . . ·
. ,_

. Effect-.:.-' of-. -ibseh~eeis--.;:· .[Link],, '' or., .

---··....,·.· - · [Link]~~c·e .,' ·_ :. ·"< ·._:. . .. :_ -;._- -. .
i. . The absentee shall_' recov~i hj~ property in.·. · .
.A,~;;;..,..;;.;;._ ..__ = tfi'~cond'ition·:in:which it'may be found;'_and- .
. . ii. · - . [Link] <;>fany°prbp~rty thafrnay hc!V~ b~ee8 ..
· af ienated
' •
1oi: the property·acq1:,1Tred therevyith; · ._
t l . ,. • • ... '

but he cannot clainf.:-eithe'r fruits· or ·rents. :·,...

JC/VIL GODE, ..Art: -"'3~2}. 'If:' the·· tieir . had ·
'ari:ead/---spent th~ -'mQney' ~.there _is. no'.
obligation' to reimburse: in as much-as. ftie .
. ' .'·,:· · .•
coristimptioh' had -~eeri-.'ri-ia'de·:in..:_~obd· f<Jjth. :
b. -· .· E~t'~~~r~i"nary -~b~~n~~ , ('3 PARAS,' supra.. at fEJ.:.19), · ,: ·;.:
.. · ... . . .. . . ' ·~~ : ·-· . .
)~ . . ·, ·.
."': .... \ .. ·-,
:~

• • , · J A pers~n ~tiall -b~.- cqnsidere·d [Link] ·at:tet : objective E1eme~t inh~~.fan·~~-. · ,; ·'., ·
· , _. ,···:' having· been·.·mfssing f9r. 4-years unde·r·· Inheritance includes':·. . . · :: · · · -
' .. :~ the_folJoYiing.circumstances: (VAD) ,, ·la.. Au prcip'ecties ·of ti:,e·dec~[Link] existing at the ... ,
. .: i. If he is. Off _board a Ye.ssJilJ9s~ during a· · tim'e of his deati-rto. the··exte~tof tli-e value 'of-
sea voyage,· or an· ~eroplahe [Link] is . · : _·th.e :ir:ih~ritance (CIVIL COPE. "A~. 7_76 an9
·.missing,'. who. has n0t ·been· 'heard of. , :; · ... ··. ';Art.
since the·: .loss' of ·fr,e· -vessel. or~' ' . : .
.
131.1) ... , .. · · _. .
. . . ·,.__ . ' .
. ·,. _. · .· ·, · .
.-. .
aero,plan.e; '; . - ·.. : ... · . .Restricted Coni::ept·[Link]'!h~ri!ahce .. . . , . ,
ii.·. If he is in the ~rme·d forcei who· hc;1s · · ~ntil a,fina_l .l!quid~_tion is [Link]"ade and·a1r deqts
t~ken 'part i"n:wa·r; c;1nd has been mis?_ing; .. . :,_ . le~ _by·the d~cedent and\JflY p~id,:tl:l<t right
or.·. . • -: . . . . . .. •'ofthe heir$- [Link]'rit remains inchoate or is·
iii. 'If he has been f n _Qanger of death under a mere. hope. o'r expect~n<,Y:' Liquidation is ..
<;>tber circumstan·ces ·~nd his exi~terice . ne'cessary . 'to. determine . whether: . the
' . dec'e·dent has . left .. assets. which_: riray be
 ·Sl:fCEESSlON
SAN"BEDA LAW C~NTRALIZEDBAR OPE_RA.TIONS- MEMORYAID 2019

' __ .' transmitted to his heirs (JURADO,. · exists. As [Link] right of action cannot be
:Succession, supre a·t 5). 'transmitted 'to and. enforced: by his mother
·:. ·(Goilde·v. A6aya, ~.R. No. :4275::Mqrch 23,
N9te;_ The .mortal .remains of the decedent ·· 1909r · · · ·
form-part of the· inheritance.. as may be
., , ,. ,g!eanecl frcimR:A. 349~ as amended by·R.A, Note: 'It mustbe remembered, however; that
a.
·-1056: Thus, personmay validly grant to a '•·.
the Family-Code lf"n:,its the 'classiflcailon of
licensed-physician, surg"eori,scientist or any children· ohly,:to legitimate and [Link](timate
.m~dicai or scientific institution, the.. authority , children (JURADO; Succession; supra. at
.to detach ."9t any time, after his -death any -: '29.2): · · . ;,-· .: . . .: .
. ~ ··- ..
· .... .-organ· of his body (Id. -ar°17-1 B). ,' · · .\. - ..

: ·Th( a_~tfo~, to clairn-, l~gitfm:acy .tor. both .

.. . \ .b. ·.'.All: transmissible rights· .. ;nd ; obligations : · · leqjtimate and illeqitimate-chjldren may be
: .• ·-. · .existinqatthe time [Link]'s death to · brough! by· the··.9tlild··duriog:hi;,/h~~.lifetime
·• ·, : <, .[Link] of-the value of inheritance ( CIVIL . . arfc:l:shal( be -transmitted -to'the heirs·'should
·, _,:,.COf!JE,~Arl: U~ [Link] 1-3)-1.):-,·,\. . 'thechilddie ..d~"rinff·rninority.J:ir,in:(s\ate _o(
. ~·.:-.-·:,·::·a .. ··: ,·.·: ·.; -: ,·: · . ·.·.·. ·.. . . , . :· ir:i_s13riity:-.ln,_th~se..case_s_.·Jh~rh~ig,,sb_atl'1av'e . ·,,· ..
..... . Rights. not extlnquished by death which· .... ~· · a. ~i;jr)od .of .five (5);.ye_ars .[Link]
.[Link] oMhe estate.. ... ·, · ····1ins~[Link]·, the: ·a_c,Jiofl':'-(FA'Mlli..Y; ··GODE, Art.
· ... · .~f. ·.Rig'.?( to ·tiring _or. cori~i_n_ue :a_n. ac~_or... :~;: 73)..
_ · .. · · . .- forc1bl~ entry. or. unJawful:c;Jetamer
· · :··,.. ii. · Ri~~l;';t? qdmpel\":.tli'e:i'e}[Link]~o-t. ~- \....
, . T J N·· -f~. ·· ·
.· ·
0·~ '
· :. .
- : .-; ••
.. ·. ,:.. _ "<·. ,: .... · ' ·
~ ··

~ights and' qqli'.gatipns·, ex~i~~~j_s_h~~;qy ·

\. •• ~- • ·.'- .•· 2 ·· .. '
.
' . 'document· riecessart)of convenience~~ "'"-''· : death:· · ·. :': : · · ·' . · f..:, : .. : -·.-"·:. · , c

-~ "Nl;l!.
. , .·. : ·.,p~oV_ide~J 'th~· con!ra(td"i?,;,.va'li~nd ... · ... --·~_if-'.,,igb s·· . .",a,nd_:.-_?:>.blig_~!i?hs ·. :bet~eeri : ·.·.,
... : . enf6r.c~a,ble, [/ ~..,0'~· sba1:d-ah.d.w1fe.r · .. •·:··.· , ._-· · ... ,
.,.,. . ·... (ii.: .. Ri~~~~tfr·cd_ntin\J~:f l_.~~~jo~tr ct, 7_1µ) !-\
>,If° · .; ii_:·· R~9lp.i~r:lati<?'2f be\w.e~n"' hti~baild ,·
,. 1v,, P~_ol?.erty _·r~~ht .1?,:._qr.:ms_uf~n-<ie .. pohc:;y J~ ~--·. \. _an~t:[Link].\\ . . · . ·. .. . ".:... ·,
.. ·" . with .. ·an· 1rrev~Gable .. <:le~1gnahon (3 .r~(.Ji.._,_- ~11 •. _~ct~[Link] llg~[Link]~rc!t!~n-:·:. ,. . :
'.:: •. ~ PARAS, s1Jpra-atJiJ?r · .. ·. · ..' I,.. •:{"-"·~ ;~ ., -~~.:.;, ·.~- f\ct_10_Q;.t_<:>~~camp~l:pCk~owl~dg?[Link] a . '·
.• ::i · , , .:.- ·.•. · ._, ._, . ·. J, "-:-; ·. . . ·., · '· ~- r ~ 1i:i h~ .. ,tT,' ·· . ·· · ;ni:ittfratch,\ld;. · : :--: :·, ,_.;,., · '·? -' · ·. · :
. :.. ·.. c,,o:bi1g~!~ons,: not.~;eiti.11g1Jishe~b .'de~ti.f:'~\JltiV~: ,,·. · ~A~t[gn~~~btaiA1Jqdifa~J~·qe~)9'rat_)on_·_9f .....
: ~- .:--· .. · -~ w_t5idj form··r.·art; olt~~sfat~\~W , · . , ~:·.;.~~:::: ·. - . ,, ... ~~~·1_1e·gt.t~~w:J~1iatipn.:·af'.an:,..-m_e·gitimate. : ·· :·
·~, · ,· · ,.:Ger(e!a1_· :·~gle:·· .. tl!Qobli~a~~~ :-·ar~ 7 11-'>' :..- ~-J;~·ikcJ,·~ti~s-riot:fla.tu_(al:-;_, t\ . . . . ·.' -
.. ·: . , :.'. tr;:3~·smJ~sib.l.~::!J~less-~_or~ly per.:3~i~~,(~~~j1f e;,:li/" ~~: Pjr~n,~a~.[Link]~:.~.rp"§tria_~o~~st~s; · · . . , . . . .
.: , · 0~hg_a!~qn-to_supp_£?rt)~~r:.n0n'"tEa_n~f(:) ,aBte bY.' · ·. . . ~y11 .. -~1gr,its,qf~ ~!Jard~~r_:i; · ·:··-:- · ·. . · ·. · / ·· ·.
· ·· .. .,.; 'f.. :laW-0_1'.GO~t~~Cf'(ld-: at:~) .. :t. , _.~,.~::'_. :, .. · ~ •• • • • ... ·.- -~iJi· J~(~h.f~[Link]~'."°cl~'El··!~e-:'obligatio_n. !O·. · ·• .
· ~ ·, i -.:: ·.:·<·,,· ·,. , >. ·;·.·)::, . 1
~CJEN1Jb ·glve·support;:·:,,;,c. ··:,·.'· . ·. · ·, · ..
_,._ · .,.", :> •:'.~~~ti9_~- 5:-of:,R~l_~·:8~ c5f,"tfle_R_ull:~fb~'cou ~..... · .. :_-i·. -~.(y:!~,)gh(tdJ~P~a;~--~}J .. ~lif? 1~ce._a_~:~ell ..as --: . . .
:.:.-··.-··. · ··: .. ,.:.·.,,ei:<~re,ssl_y:·~l_l.9w?Jhe:;prps~E:G\.1~10f1:_;g1~?i~ . , . ~\\y.\tti~(1_g_~t-.t~-:·ex_~rc1se -a :p~of~ss.1~n .q~·: ; ·: ,
·><.. . · :· . ··;: ~~aJ~s- ~8:ns1ru_g ,f~~~-:?·-~_ontraot __ ag;:r-5;,~Jh'e·, MH\~~~~-~t1_oni .. ,, ~ .. - .. · . ·:;:_ .·. ·
.:.·::';- :: .\:~ '-:·.: ·.-~,,~[Link]~e of ~.-?=[Link],ased:_df!:Jt9r., Me.~.~?1· .. r:1_0~~~ 1-i~,-·-~~~tiJ~of,.u?ufr~.et;\:·;_·~· .. :-, r,::, .. , ·. :.;. · · . · ·-.-.
· .. .

: 'c)a1r:n~ .. [Link];not.a<:;tu911y e.?<tingu1shed. ,... . -.: ; .,x1.,· R1gbt qf p~rsonaJ,easement; ,., . .

· ...:·\t .• --....'.,;· ·. \ :;.-i;;:-, ·0-:: <~ .. :>• . ,} :,,·, :, ~' ···.:.. :~ :<;.,: '. .~ \ .,;'./xii. ·.Rights \and~·ol:>ligations·-~ar,ising-:•frorrr a. .
;) . . . . · .· ·: ./,- :. »1hate~fe,r:',fr101wtaty. liilbiiities: qr
.Qbligalions . · ..".. . ·..,c_ohfract.of paHi:iei-rship o:r'°agency· .[Link] . . ·. ·. ; .
t:~:~:·-=, ·:: I . ·'. . ·, tli'e cl_iiic~'a~~'d~h·a.p .. i:Jf)derfhis'.\::onfr~cts'"Wftli: .··· .. . . ~ . . . .~1ih.·Crirr\'f~_al <.~ .
re~p9nsYbilit/::·.;-7jufii\ob, ~-·
-: .:._-:- . .' . ·. . . :':c~edi~qr:s· . ..y~re not -intra1\sm_issible .. by their .· ·. ·.· . ' . <.·-successiori, supra at-f9{ .:,-;_ \ ·,. ,·. ,
'. . . -·t . .- b - . ,, I' . ·. "'·· . ·-, .- ,.
·.. , · .. ·· , . : . na ure,r. 'y-st1pu at1on; [Link],-'i;ir0v1s1or1;·[Link] ... · ·. ·,,:·, ··, ,. ~:. ··.-,-·.· ._,,,.;.;:_
.· .· ' .,· ·-,.._· ..... , ·.
0:-,:.,
\.
··=::·_,,
• .··,
.
t:" _.--;.·,~-.· ,., .. · '··· :~.-
.. ,
··\£/. - . · · . ~ .:}i~n.¢'e";. hh;; :d~§tb-.-did ·:· .nbL}~s~h ;"in~~ th.e'. ·. ·,, · ·: : ,·· _:c~~- . Those~whfeh.'.h~~e-atcrued there't6:s1bce-the . 1
,--·,: .\ ·. :_:' ~~ . )· ~~[Link].~£rriegt <9f .: thci>~_e,:-;t5bl_i9.§ltions. :_~r ... ,__;. ·; .... :' :· . :... ;pehii)g .c\f:ih~·sµ~£eS~i_q~;· ~~c~· a~~9l(JViU:f!1 . ·::. ..
. .· ~~ ·:'--: · < :< •,·.haq.1!!ll~s .•~,:~h,1ch 'm~r.~ly; p}iss,ed· cm :for ~IS .· · · .. ·· :··"._,: ;:' :'( (,[Link]/L::; fX:JQ~/'Af:t:.i·?.1):,'·'.' ; : : •' · :·,-_, , : · . . .: .· :..
,-_:· ,:,, · ·:. ·. · _\' ,[Link]¢}(.Strongholcj, lhs1Jfance:,:G0:·;,· tnc:. ~- ... \ · ,: ..,. :;_ · ·.:-' ·_:: :·:_i< .',·.'-'.' . : :, . · . :·· ·: '·. ·:- · _; ·:.. · · _ · · .-· ·
.Repyb/ic-Asaf)t ·G/cf_ss, · .<!;.orp}, ..~ G.R: . No. · Note,:Jhe;raecretic,ms·.'6r:a¢cessioni,are· not stricily ~: ." .
0:,

l .:ftt? 56·1,. Jimij ~2/?00l~,iting-"F'avia 1( l.a· .tli! . . . ·-2inh)rite'd _!for'. iri~y(f/ifr.n::'paft.1f.-:th~;f3{[Link] ·[Link])lfte~:;__ : . ·: \
. . '-,·:JjO.Sf3i/G..-~.:cf>Jp; ~3089/: Ma'rch·~1!B;;rt 90!r · ·. · ·.: .·· . lt)~·; heirs ·' beco(Tie. · tt\e_-··owne·rs ·. -thereof;'· hei1ce·, · , . . ,
. ·,:, . : ) :· : \\ /·.·,.· ./· ' ,··,:>·: · .: .,;·, .'. '<· . ·. ·\ _ . p~ccipe~!Y,sp{a.~ing:~h'.et'9re'~cgpi_r~cjtl:faccreti~n (as ..
, = ... , .. ri:h~. r_1ght .~f :act10.~ f~r t~-~ ~ckn?:vvled_gert,e~~t . . . - . an}1ciq~nt.:of. ow.n,ws~ip· u~der ,_the-),AV.V)., ... Q()t by'
,·. ·· ·· ~- Qf.,.ar; na.t!.Jra!, cl11la:-1s .. e.l5t!Ogu1sh~~ by ,his . , ·st,.1cce.ss1on (~ PAf?A_$i supra at 33) .. ··· ...
·.-:". _d~9tb b~Gat;is~;no:exP.r:es~-ptovisi_olJ like)ha~ · · · ·.' . : :_,, · . · · 1_,' · · · .,: · ·,·· ~-
. ·. ···of Ar.t. ·:1,:.13 .of, the then .[Link].:Cci~e 011 tlie ,:(, . ·:- . ..
. . .. _a'~k_n_ow!e,~g~rnent
. ~ ·of.:Legij[nj~-~-· . ~hildr~(l; .. ... . ,
. . \
. ..
.. · /'

,.
,_. .·.
'269' f 201\:J·S.l\.f>J:[Link] CEN..TRAL)[Link] QPERATIQNS .
• • I • • • .,.· '•
 g.u.c:c;ES::SJO.N:~
I rei 6( 4.s: ,Ati'Wn
. =
u41;,33csp:
SAN BWA LAW CENTRALIZEDIBAR OPERATIONS.- MEMORY AID 2019
t?i &!MN#i ., 4?C::. ;,/e- h·ff::;u . f !Jiis?Wffe•: ix. i §Vi$· k:1tf :m; : q.e
1
t+iP!tt;;,;W.11w.~·'a.: "'~==
Reason: ·while the act determining· whether a- .
. testamentary dlsposltton is to be-operative qr not
is not. [Link] testamentary _. in character," it is
· nonetheless prohlblted because . it would be
It is one which results [Link] an helr tantamount to allowinq athird person substinite
made in a will 'executed in the form prescribed by law the will .of the -testator for his. own (JµRADO,
··(CIVIL CODE, Art. 779): .... · . ·/ . . [Link] at·32) .. ·. · .
. . .../'"""_ ... ' /.; :.. / .; .. .r ..
~ ~ . -

; Will . · · ; · ." · ·. . . - ~,·. . ...·111ustratiqr.i: ')(. declared·.in liis·will. '"I 'hereby

· -- .An~ act.. v.:~~t~.by .. a; person ;(_s_! P~~~!~ie5( ;_"Yith: .t~:e ··\ .. -: inak.e ~: .. B, ~c!Qcl. c;-;,[Link]~en qt }J9.~'r)!cio) cie .s~rJ ·
forrtialiliesJpre·sqibed'by lqvV.; to;.control to 13 __certain . · · Jose, as mi i~gal 'heirs and declare my lawyer
deqree the-dfspos'itio,n of. tiis: estate, ·,to _take "effect . . <to deterrnine _th~~··arri_ount wh_Lch they. are· to
afterhis [Link](CIVIL CODE; An: 783): ., . . · _ .. receive." lsthe provisionvalid? : -·~. , .- '.
. . . . ., . .·,, .. .. ' .
• • • .' • ...~. -.· •• · ~. . ~· ~-...... "'::t-;...· .'.-.-·•{t,.. . .~ .· .~ ..j-·; :: -, -~-.,,:.";-:·:".. :.. ·.• \, ., ••

. Th'e making. of; a,,will fs.'a. ~[Link]µto.r,y' (n9t,:a 'riat_u'rfa!). .. . An.~w,e,:; ·f"J.O.· Art. 785 .. will-, apply .because the
:r(ght The;,c~n.~~[Link]~ce '·?f. th_i~· 1ft~~1tthe rn~~ing.'o( ' ' heirs w.er13 ceie'rred to by .. name: Furthe.rrn_orn. "-
a'.wiJI should·be considered [Link]~dmated to:[Link]\1 th~ the amo-uht was not specified:by the test_afor: It
~- .:·, lay,i a_n_d.puqli_S p9licy. (H__e'i~osa ·v:; ~ii,. G,,,R. JY.o: Y . , is .. the lawy_e-r who d~te.rrnlnes_tne amount, , ::
_ ; 3_~62, .M.~r~h 1';J9o1)., . . . · ·-- _ - . , .. · .• ·. - . . . . ~- ·. . '. . . --; _..'._·. :.
. ' · . . .Acts., w(1ich/ may· -Qe.: .e..Qt_ru~t~~- t_9·. a. third .
··Ki~dS: .. ·· ... ~· '. -1:. .· : . . ; .... :: '\# P.e~~ot~= .:,/~ ·;: :· .:·· .: . . ,;[~·· ·. ' . ... ".:·:' 1}0

1-'-': No_taria_l or Ordinary; aq~: .:. :: :.\ .... > . , · .. ~ c!_.-., .._O,is\ri~l!tion 9f SJ?[Link]. prop~1Y 0r' i,uro?., ?f
:~ ; J:i~l9gf~phiP . :: ~ ...... · ·-: .·. :; · ··· · ~ \ .. mjon~~Y·: .that t~_.e._ dece~~n,~ .. ~~ay Jeave;-.1Q ,
: ,... ,, , . :-;. - g·[Link].0 sg~cifiE:d ·c;las~e~_or caLJses; an_d :
Modes': . (CIVl8 CODE, 'Art._786).-. · ;,....
_ 1: - · By,~ill;· a·r: · · ·· · !)1:. ·,!;>es1gn~ti0Jl of: tt-:ie. p,ec~q_ns; · instituti9n9, pr- ~
l . By cb'~i9iL ) , ~ ..... : .. · ,, ·., -~· ·.. ·· . , . ~· ·. :·, E;l$t~l5~itme.i:its :tC? wbi~~-: su~ttprbp~1:ty,-,Qr
· ' - · · " . · ' · . ·sug,s1 a~E:_: to: be ~iveri _o_r ,app)ied,,(CWlb ·
-_;qha_~~~f~ri~l)f..~- (P.F-V-D~~0~r-:,. :.~N-, .:' -.;-'·: .. i: :.: . . . ,C0D£, f{rt. 7?6) .. \:· . ,: . . . . . . ..
-. (·. S!r!ct!Y eer_~,<;m,aUP;ct,-.,,..:11.c~~t ~~-1~r1ot\'fhO_le.:- . /· \, .- .. · -- .·, ;
_ ... or·(~ 'pa!l-t9}~~· 'l,i_s_cre.tio~ _ot,.a,.lhlfd R~rso~, 9r_ . lll~stratJO~~:'fl~.!_i!' X ie·i1flj:.¢~\1hi~.will:,"J,gi_v_e·
_ . a~_gom8li~9f~!°lt:1rou.~_\1, th_~v'-9$.tr~~~~a}~ty.. of~ an o
'pl million .to ti;ie"street [Link] of Manila .an.d
agent or attorn,~Y _(c;;f\/,'.~ -~r:)DE; :¥,:
*~~>.;: : . . · . ier.~.bY;·9~?~~~<!il'm~ i_a~ye,r to}pke' ca~e·.ot ~he .
· · · · · · ' , ' ·. :: . distribution [Link]. sa1d-·:c1m0unt.- ,Is .the -prov1s1on ·
· ·.·--~/~$ .i;neir~~a-~!-~t d;~fti;g a-_f~11·~~~,sjo.\~a11~Un~r:i · , : ,· vali.9? -...· _ : _ . : •. · :-,·\ -:_-. ·_· ....- . ._ .. :·.•. ':.
. - the-. PUf"'.i~~ .·.or ·_the p_(~_,hibi_ti_Ql'.l·. DE?~~e'. .th_~ . . . .· '... . . ' . . ... . . ~. . . .. ,,
.. -· persorJl.01~9 th~.mecharncal.wor_k of wntm..9 tp.~ . .,... -Answer: Y~s:j,rt·.}~6-_app)[Link]. ··T°he.,tieriefi<;;iar'y_
. . · ..-,,_ . wi~l'_ii(a,cfi~t_tet,,[Link]~iffe~:~l!,C~. 'Th,ys.~h.~.:[~~N.'f1pt ,·. : ; ..,:.·:is .'a,. specifiei°d ;class :and Jh'e amount. was in a
: >· . . the w1l). W~~· (ype_wntten '!1 t~E;! office of 13]!1\~ye( .. · ·.. : .': ·. :.spe,cifi~d°.'a~9u_nt .9f rrio'i:i'e{ <_ '.:·. :: :., - . ' . : . . . .
_. . . . is_.of' no. cor:i?equ~nc_e;·(Ca~tan_eq~ va,.'ffff}rnany-,, ·. . ·. · ·. ·, · ' ·· · ·. -. - . -.' · · ,i ·~- · '. ·. · .
. - - . -~ 'G;R. No: 1439, March..'1Q;.--·f9b4).>::,<· ::··.\ __ ·. -. - :;(·':t:~~~;i~~ct·.§d~-~n);:ct ..-::-,J{ni.u~'i;be·~i~.c~!eci'in_
.- _. . ; : .'. ·- .:-:-: .·· '. -_· .. ;' .·_. ·,-~: · , . . . -:: "<i·/~.'. :·~ ,'. · ·. ·_. .'accordanGe \Nith th~.f9rmalities-requir(:!d [Link]·
. ,Acts·">'.hi_ch .may nqt be_ l~ftt,oJ._he 9l~c.r,et1on: · · .· ·)3 PARA$; ,supra;at f9).. : . , · . · _: ) ': .. __ :. .
ofi:Lthird pe'rson: (DEp'd'j:._;,_-: .·· . '\ '.:"-~- ' .:.- :..· . ~.: :-~_re.~,; a}~d }jp19ntc;1rY·, Ast/ !.t'rnyst .have' .b~e-ry .'
. , a·: -. b'uration of . the;. ciesign'a'tion· - of', . heirs; _ · · executed_ ·freely, kt;i9Vl!ln91Y, ,.o~: ambLJlatory; ..
- :· : .. ; . '. ·:tjevis~~s.:.on !elga'iees -_ (GWlt '. C.OD_E;·:j},r{ .,: -·._ ·· ·athe~ise, iLwil(be-qlsallowed (Id.).· . -
·- .. · .785);° .: / .. :': .. ': ) · ,. · .. ·-· . ·.·. : . 4 .. '[Link] Property · .. - : · · · -. . · ,· ·_-.,
: b. '-gff.i_qac'i <?.nt:i.~
d_~ign:~t~c:iri·6t~[Link], Q~~!.s.:es • ·_s ... · Am~ul~![Link].,.: ·.,.-and , -Bevg~a_ble . --_ quring __ -~~ the·
··or_·l~g·atees.(C,V/l ~ODE;.Art 785); ._ .. , : ~ , :.::·. TGst~~o,r's_'_.q~etil!]~_:..:..-':fh.e:,.te~t_a~~r ·can. a!ter,_
: c·. Determ_inati.on_9f tt'\e .E,ortiohs _which. they ar~ ' . revise, .cir. rev6i<e-i~at any)irrie b!3fo~~ his·d~ath_·
. :<. .. .'. to-J~1~e1.-[Link]. ref err~9.,to_. by ._narriEf;J C.f'(IL ... , ' . 6 .. ·.![Link])ater,a.l ~-~'~·.101iv!dt:1:=3I Act~ ·-i:~.i~: IT)~aps: th_at.
· :;:' . - .(!QQ~, ,Art.7_85);-. , ,-- , . 110 _?¢cept:a1Jfe .b{tti; t~~~~fer~e.1_s -~~.e9~9~h1le:
· . .. . ..,. ._. -the· testc1tor ,s 'still alive;. any accepfance made
Reason: Those acts.- are - testamentary' 'in -- ... · p(ematurei{i~. use I e's~ '(3,PARA's:\upra af 44).
character· (JURAfJO;-.S_uccession, $1.!pra. ~(-.. . . . . .- .. • . ~ . . . . .. . . ·- ' '
. 31J. • . · , · -._ · · · - .... · · - TVl(o or mar.~, P.(:)r~o~s c~nn'o.t mak~ ~lng1e·jai~t a
. '· . ~' -_ ... ,·, .... ' ,, '.' ~i( either. Jo'f :·tb'eir':redprociil' ~enefitc/. for ..
· d'.. '[Link] 'o'f - whether· or ·riof. ·.the another . 'pers6h. . However,. - [Link]·.-. or - .
. testamentary disposiH6ri ~is. to .tie Qp~rative [Link] 'ex~·cufelw'ill~. :although 'cont~:iining
. (CIVJL CODE; Art. -787). ·. recipro_cal .provisions (~µtu~I wills), are _not
;.-

. . ~019 SAN B_EDA .l,A W CENTRALIZE:D BAR OPERA TIQ~S I 261

 [Link]·10N
SAN BEQA lAW,CENTRALIZEDBAIIOPERATl(!NS~·MEMqRYA/0 2019

- prohibited, subject to. the rule on disposiclon Example: "I ir,'stitute my brother-in-law ... " It was
. ceptetotie (ctvu. CODE, Art.! .875).· discovered that there aretwo (2) brothers-in-
: · .law (3 PARAS, suore at 4~.:50). ·
7. , ~ct Mqrtis· causa ..:.. It takes effect only after the
deathot the testator (3 P_ARAS; supra ·at.44). When [Link] Arises .
1. · wti·en there · is an lmperfect description -~f. ti,e
· heir, legatee, or devisee; · · · ·· · ·. '·
2·. Wheri there is an imperfect description the gltt- of
t. ·. being _given; and . . ._ .
. 3: ·. Wh_eri 'only one reclplent is cesiqnated' but'. it'
·_turns .out that there. are two ·or rriore wh~ fit the
All rules _of construction are designe_d ·t6 a;certain .. · descriptlon (Gilmer v. Stone, 12_0-.U.S.. 586):
and give effectto the intention of thetestator. 'It is
o~Lj'when the [Link] contrary to' . How Anibig1,1ities are Cured
. [aw, [Link] _publfc policy. that- [Link] 'be [Link] . G~neraLR~le:. lntrinsic orextrinslc evidence maybe
effect .(JURADO;··success(on,· supra at 34). ··. t.i'secl to ascertain thelntentlon'of ti:ie-.t~stator. . :

.~\sposit;61 J!,·~·-. -
-~~s~~~tible .. :·-:· pf . ~iffe~ert ·E~~e'pt~~n: The o;~Lde~l;~ation: of ih'e:t~'stat6r·as
Interpretations . : · to his intentions must be excluded(CIVIL C.09EfA?t~
fn>c"c!§e· of dciubt, that-lnterpretation by ·_which the-
9isp.?.sitia~ rs_c.to. b~ <operatlve or' 'Al,ill·. wstairi' _an·d
z~_~). . .. .

uph_~,1-~-·th_~.:: w(n _i~ j.l! _its.-pa~ts· :~~~_J,e adprl$d·~· . ·. ..l,[Link]~:}"T~e -?ral declarations of Ihe testator' are·_
U. K r -~ .
. . . .. :· : . . . ... ;. . ·: .
. _ · :. '. · - .: .. , . , . .--, _: , ~'.·
p~o,v1.~~d,. t~at-_ 1~ pan ?e~,d~n~ ~.O~~i~tently . itp,the- -me~ly HY,.R~~- The t_e.stato~ ~ah 110 lqng~r refute
"
'.. ,.·. . . . , ,'.: . IA
·;establisti~d·[Link]:o_f law.(CIVIL'.C(P,DE~J'j?B~e· t~-~t~mon!~~,..,.;of .,,_lying :w1tn!fsses: (JURAP.G,t
·'Y:,i_:
- R..e~s~n:·Testament~ry succes~19rli ·(?refe red over,'
;!_frccess19n~~llPJft.._at3q)
1:.7: \. "\.~ \ ·
r . - . . .~-. ·$,
.. • · · . ·. _ ..·
·.l_
•· · · ·, · ·.
-:
.

v., f·:.
. . . . · .,· . I>--:
.-z . .·. .. . , ; ,. ,_:r::-,-
Alof ~Jj.R. No': 19103!t

,
in!e~tacy (~acb_ang._ ~~r'ivali?i!Y ?f}f_~[Link]~ion J_n._ a Will ·: . ·. : · · '- , . ·
0Cf!Jb€{ 09; .2015). : . '.he . _mval!cl.1ty_\.qjf..-?_ne of · 9Tv~ral.- . d1spo~1!ioo_s .. -. .
;jjJ ,-[Link]~-?1~e~ _m a_ yv1l\,,Qoe~n~t _rEl~~lt i~ the iriv?IJaity Qf, . . ..
_Ru\e 9n· Mista~~s a~~--~mi~~ion _ . \ .- . ~ ~--,(__., -~~: ~~"ot_tier·disp?s·t~nsl _u~less·. it_.is_' 't_o· b~. W~$·urne_d ~ · .

. . ·.ro·::~~f\<?fl · or .. .P_!:o_p_~rtY, · ~- a·e~y JJJf.

et'~Jh?, -·------~ d_~~R9S)-1!: if tne .. ftr~t 1r.,y~h~ -~1spq_s1~1?.h''.ha_~. not,. ' °:~)
· ,9~scnp_tJtm'.·, n:11s!~.k~_s,. ~'b9::J~~nss11.n~~\~st ,bef.]~~e~'Y<~ (<?/VI~ €~JDE,Art. .?~ · _7~2). : · ·. ~- . . · - -
. ~o~r~c!e_d by ~se~iJ~1~_mg· fr~
.t~~tato(1,s~fenllor;tfl1 ~~}{J"/;;(~. . ~ . .-. . :-,. ··- ..· · · . :,, : .. , . ·. : .
. US(ng ~1the~. mtrm~1c ·9r e.).(inns1c e_v1d.e ~e 'a[ · ·; _ ';:~~~!o.o/th"~n:}'..8,;!~':lsd1~R-~-~[Link]~_o_r-P.rov1~1ons_
\:,,<- . · ·.
,, . .

·.I..:...·.
. ·,. _-b9t_h·.,(ftl_R/~_l?O;_ SLf:~~f}~i~'},;S~p·ra ai?5J
2. · ?'{~en t~er~_.,s~~n,~~i:t~un_t,:,?~th_~{~~-~f ~tie:.wll!,,'JENrf~-
·}.~f.111',(iv_i~j_le [n'_n/at~'.~:.~n.d

'- a?. I? the ·.~P~l,1c_~~1o_n._of ~-~~..:o~_,_ts..8~~~s_1on~·~.nr of l~t~r:e_st_t~at _the t~~tatpr: rriay 1-•.spose ·
'in_f~nt..
z~_,. ·. ·.
·,·_. ·-~ .. : ~: .
·_t ... '. I~ .. :_. _/. -· .· •. _._:.. :, :·.: . ·
· ·.': .

,.:
~.. : ·. . ·. tes,ta~[Link]~~!~<;>n '-~ \o:Q~ asc~~~e,c:Li~@ii~e. . . ,~o~
"fQ_rd~ of: tt)_~_W(II:: tak1~9_ ir;!~? .. q.?~[Link]~rabor,i{t':e'·_· M~).ry~-~~IS_:~o.rl_~ga~y:J,h~}I _C?J1V_eY: all;t~:e.i_Q~ere?t ..: . . .
\\y'z· ... · ·: . ,. ·.;. > .: · .. ·. , ,:-.... · '
· .-·c1rcu_m_stan~e~ un~?r wh~Gtntw_a~ ~-atle1lc:fr}r,,.,;.· . 1 w~Jch"the _!'::stator ·could. q~v1_se.-.or 1Je_qljea_t_h··1r:i t_pe. .
..... ,:,. , . -: : > :·., _ · ·: . . ·;_~-- ;... ---:..:: .. : '. ,_ .. j .... . . . . ' ... p~~~~.~y1MII
d1sg~_se·c;l" of;:.unl~s.s :1t:9~~~ly -~~,ef'l,~r7-, from-.· 1
· ·, l~,:[Link]~_-',~;t~n~~~-!-}~~- _q~al ?.~Flara~1.?,ns_ of th~ ·. the. tn_at-· h~ .. mt~n.~~d- t~_·.con_':,E?Y~·a:le~~ ·-m~e~est.
· ··• ·· ,·te$tator as ·to h1s_.·.1ntent1ops ·are.::to· be ·excluded (CIVIL COOE, Art. 194). ·.- • . · _ .:.. :---..' " · · · .
)fovic?:xJbE [Link]"-ragJ · · ·='" · ·· ·•• ·- · · · :· · ·· · ..., :. ·· . . - •.: ·' : ... ,·,,,, · · · -- · "' ' ·' · · · ·
. ·. ·.
~ · · . .- . · •· . . ; :.--;:..: ·. : / · _-. ;:/,>,~ ,: - ~ - . . -.. . ~- lllµstr~tio~i- x:~nd 66-~~n ·,~· par~el ..'of--;an:~:--[Link]- . y
. .' .: . Kindi:[Link]'guities:: . ·:: :. ··: ·- - .. ' ::_,··, < · : . institdt~fi.~:h.!s i.y_ili_th_arn_e.rfi,aae .i t~e de~is.~e.'[Link]
.. ·1_.' i~a.t~r(dr:_~i~~i~~I~(a'fnbi~(ui't1~s:_-_:·those "'{hich·: th'~:i:,~rc'el oflahd: Up:t~ wh8:t ~-~er:it.\?f~m~-1~~9 i::opl~
~ · · ·
- ..
[Link] on lhe "[Link] the
·\:: .. ~; ·· .. :(< ··.. -.> -.,. : :- ._.- ...
will. . itseJL
'?-.· .. -;.:·· •..:-·
· . .:-.- ·
• :•. : ·. #
. ·.
-·. ••••
-.li~ _conv~y t9 "Z:? . . .
-. ~:·_ ""-?
. ·.. . · ._ ·.. : - ·
~ :.- : .. -·-_.· . : . · .· .. --: : . : :-:. . ·,. .
. . , . E;~fu~fa~:'"I hereby' fnstftut:e(soine 'of sev~n . my An's'wer: X, as·co~bwner:of'th_e·prope'rty;'rnay only'.
, ... (?;)° .~r_gt_hef.f .. : 11;'.Js_'~,ji~e-~t 'th~_(there ·.is":~ri · C1.,onyey·his share in .the .. CO-;O\\l~~Jship~?, ~~re;.n_o ·\
- ~Lioc~rtaip'ty' as'. to~ ho~ many
'.brothers are. being . l~?_s., . · · .· . · · . ~ · . .' ·.
· : initltute'd>. · . . ... · ·· · · ·. · ·· · ·· - ·
' . - ·' . . . . . ·i;kw·_G.oy~rj,irig' Form of Wjlls· . . ._..;, . . -~; ..
2:,,: ~~te.t;1_f~(irytrirys1{ambig~iife..~ ~ ~hds-~: which · T~ecy~lidity of. a ""'.ill as to. it~_.f9q,, depen~H{uppn the
_. 96_ not. app_ear o_n !tie fa·ce qf-_ the· will · and arEl . ob~ervance:of ttie- law 'in [Link] af'the time '[Link]' made
. -~isd~verea_·anl{by_ e~tril)Si'C~ eyi~en~e.·· ,,.: ·
. . .. ....
(CiVl~·cot5E, 'Att7fl5). . : . - , '. -_: . · . . i . . .. ·
.
,; .'.· ·-,
'"'.-~

,,, . '
.· .. ·
.
I ! :

.
·262· 1 ·201§) SAl'l SEDA LAWCENTRALIZED BAR:OPERATIONS · ·.
 . .
SUCCESSION:_
5_AN_BEDA [Link](1LIZED 13ARDPERAT/ONS - 0EMORYA/02r;J19 ,
0

,- i!.:¥S£Ni6!M#-M1"!
ti+W ·¢&Mt£-ii~,:g;rnf%2tZJ #%ftt&5¥JYR7~a,2'£.\#lk iAWE#.>iZ,1 4 ·if!#hM§%WS &®$#$#@ iii>" ?[Link].z CJ ,

Kinds of Validity in respect'tb'Wills Aspects of. the wm Governed ·by National Law of
1.· Extrinsic . Validity. - refers. to· the forms 'and . the Decedent (CIVIL CODE, Arts. 1039 and 16):·
solemnities needed. ~c~. . . .
· 2. Intrinsic '{_alidity - refers to the· _legc!lity ,Qf. the ': 0 . .. 1. =.~mount of successiortalriqhts;
provision in an . instrument, contract, or. will: · · 2:: [ntrinsic validity: ' - .· - ·-
. 3. ~apgcjty to. succeed: and -
. Effects of a 'New Law .tti.~nging the Formalities 4.. Qrder of succession. . t
of.a Will . · "'· ·. . · ~- • I

. 1. ; l3efore-:ihe,_ death. of- the .. teir9tor but-after the

.. ': execution of the will, thenew law-has no 'effect
(JURADO, ·sµccession, supra·at38). -
., . .... . . ·-
-. < Exception: ~v'he'n a·:~etroactiv~ effect l?:'
a. Expressly declared by the statute itself; or
b. Necessarily implied from tli~ilangu'age used,
·-· t~_erein'(ClVll:..CQDE,:Arl -. 4) .. ;.1 · ·

.. · 2~ · After':the aeath d,f th~ tfist~tor, ., rul~~ hav~ no

. It. h~fers td~°ih·e: ~bi!ity as· .lt refers to the-. p·~ivilege
[Link] thehelrs already havea vested .
. -well a~: -:the power to granted- to thertestator
rjght ([Link].~A_DO, Succession, 'supra at 3~).-
. - . .. make a will.'! -. . . . to designate the person
.., Note: A-;;_,ill:to.t'ally\[Link] at ·th_e time ·of its executiori, ... . . • ;, or personswho are lo .
'cannot bei . validated!. by" a.
subsequent. legislalion •• ·-1.
?- · · 'succeed .,·him· .ln, his
(§[Link].··A. -Vdi Be· Eruiquez v. Abadia, ~R. No .. . inheritance. ·
·.-~.:
. L~7188, August 9/1_954). · ·
. ·' . . . .·
Governing Law onFormalities -:'-- '1
.
..1 · As t o T ,me: . · . .
·
· · --:· .
W~q Can.
.
rv,~l<e 'a [Link]~. (P~-~1-
. k'
8) ·:. . . . : ,
.
· ;.·_a! J~e,val.i,dity of-..a, wi[[Link] [Link] fW:.P'.l"d~pehsJ.s .1. All per~o~s [Link]:? not expr~ssly-_Erohibit~d oy
. . .. ,:upo,il _lhe··obs~rvah'ce of the'J}rw irl'for'qe a~._ . la·w matral<e a·.will (CIVIL" GODE, ·Art.". 796).
t_h~-tim·e it)s ma'd_e (CIV~ODE,~'rlt;-795).. _. - . /The~(. ~pfrs_~:_sh.c3I! .on!Y-. refer,. lo n_atural
b. :: rt~. in_tr.insic validity, howe~er,.'isjudgetd. aft!)e; .. :~3'.PARA?,~~µ_P_. r__a <:1t
· :". :_ j._·:_·)'~"!'~-.--_ldi~.;1_.-on_e~
tjij,e_ 0f-_t~~. :d. ec·e~e. hf~ ,d!':_at~~~_
.. tfri~-1~1'W·._·. 0
·--h!s-:nationality (~ PARAS,-supj:a at 62);· . ·. ·: · ... : · ., ·· · · ,
. - - / . . .. A
convict undet civil' interdiction is allowed to
.. 2 .. As ·ti~-~!~c~
.r~i-~1tpqo~;-A_1:s.: ~1q ..,.,·:~F): . . . . . .: ·:. : make y.,ili' tiecauscf civil intecdicticin prohtbifs a a
· . -~ · The fo,:mal validity of.a will shall be gov~~ned by • .. 9ispo·:5it)6n o( PfQpeity 'intef_' Vi_Vos;:--n_o( rr-iortis
. ,.the ·1aw of the cou_ntry iri- which ";t··[Link]-----..,--, [Link]~(REVISI;=[)P~NAi::. CODE;Art. :3-ef)'. . .
. ([Link]:[Link],1.1,rt. 1~t . .'.;. · ,-. ; . . ··.. .. ... ·.,. . , · ··· · . . .. .,
. a:: Filipino testato'r . ·. - ·: . ' ·. . Spendthrifts ... br... prodigals; ev"en ';f-. u'nder·
.. . (·. Ex~cu\i;;g a ;;,,ill in lh~. Philfppines . :,: gua_rdi?_llsb_ip; c·a'r:i ffl'.al<e·.a"will p;:[Link] are .
. ·:;Pbil_ippine' law: ;- . .. . · at:!e_ast 18_years,'o[d'and.'·are of'~o.un_d mind (r ·
. ij. -~-~xe~uti_n'g · ~a . will,,. Qllt~ide ;_:of . _the '.pARAS;"SV{JrEJa_t,74).· ·'.· ;: : .. · : · .· :.• .. ; ~ ·. . .
. :, . . . .... P.t,ilippiries - either: · .: '. : .. _: · · . ·. · ·· ·
·. . ·.. 1' .') ThE:i°lc1w-of;the cpuntry. in wt1ich it is. I 2~~rA"t 1e:ast 18
years of_ag~ (CIVIL'CQDE, Art. 797);
· -·- · : .. exec_ut~d; o.r· ._: · ·. · :·. _ · ·. · · · · '· · ·
, . -~,}'-[Link] [Link] Philfpi;ijnes., '_. · .. < ·· ':. Note.":· It Js submitted Ui~t i~-lighfof ~;o_Jfsi~n : -:· ~fr~
·b. Alien Testator . . ·. . . : / .. of Arf.13 ofthe Givil:·code whi'ch,states that
i. · Executing ~ will: inithe .Philippines· - ·· · ."'.Jhi':!n· t_he· law ;[Link] ·of_ ye.p"rs,-.it:· shaf·b~'
.: .:either,:-. ' ... · · _. .- . . , . ·,. 1·.-- . . . ... 1 / u'nderstooq; ,Jhaf. it_ ~onsi~ts ,6f: ~3,65-. days,·
1,:) The la'-!' ofthe-Philippine~; cic .. -·. . ·' excluding the. first ·day."_whil~ in~lt,J_ding .. lh_e la_st
2.) The. -law .ofJhe.. country of whi.c_h he ·_ day in: the ·count. :a person~_i§ ·~aid to ·have
· is,[Link]?;{:frl [Link].' . ' - . ,•. ~r~a9bed, the: age pf/)fghteen-· only-.:.at. lhf{:
II. Ex:e·cutitlg ,a _··will outside . of. the comrrfe~.cemerit of 'iti'e day. which is known. a? .
· .. Philippines - either: . . . his birtt,aay. (JURADO, Succession, supra at .
· 1.). The. law :of the. place where it: i§, · 41) .. - ' .' · · . ; . ·. - :· . · .·' · · . ' - ...
~... ,·
· .. [Link]; '9r · · . , .
A,r 798); ·.. _
'

i.) -the law ..·of the place· in which he 3::- ot ~qun~ ~in_d (c1v1L cop1=,
. [Link]; _or·
· . 3.)· T_he law [Link]·[Link]; or
- 4.) The_ law [Link]-Philippine_s·.

2019 S:AN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR. OPERATIONS· I 263

 [Link]·ESSIQN ... ... ··
.
· SAN. BEOA
. LAW CENTRALIZED
. BAR'OPERATIONS
. . - MEMORY
.. .A/0·2019 ..

Note: It is not necessary-that thetestatorbe in Se~iie.·Dementia .

full possession [Link] hisreasoninq faculties, or.' [Link] the peculiardecay of themental faculties.
- that his mind be who!ly unbroken, [Link] whereby · the person afflicted. is, reduced to
· .unshattered by-disease, 'injury or.
other [Link] second childhood. It is senile dementia and not
shall q_e sufficient if at the. tirrie .of making. the will, sen:iliiY: that'. produces testamentary . incapacity
.. he knows: (NOC) · ., . . . . .. · ''.. · (JURADO; Succession, supra ·at 46).' . · . ·
a. ·ThE!tfature of the .. estateto be disposed.o] · ,: .. , · · ·'-· ·: . .-,.·· · · · · · ·
(character', ownership of. what'he is giving_).; 2. Infirmity or. Disease . . .
b. The proper;" Qbje9ts 1of his bounty. (by '. · · 'Physical- iriDrrrilty or disease is- not inconsistent
. persons who for some .. reason expect to·_ .. "with testame'nta'r'y capacity - . - : : -~ '- ·.'
.. · : ·inherit sornethinq. from him. '-:-' like his · · · · ,· ,· ·· ·
., ·,· , . ~~fld.r1:m); and. .·:_ .. : : ,· ·.. : . . . . . Exception: In case the testator', at the time of
c. The fhar'acter of the testamentary act (that · t1fo· ex'ikcution. o'f the w1I( is\irE?a9y iri°'comatose
,.... it·is really.a will, that [Link] a~_9iSj)!)[Link] motiis : _ .. ·qr~en,i~c:;o'[Link]~~ condition ({d,- 17.).. at . . \
: : . . . .'.:.·· . pa,i!,saJ.!h'a.~ it,is e~~{Q~i~lly,reye.c§i_b,l!;l);{C/WL · · · · .·':-i. ·· : •• ' · .-. · · :·· · • ·
· ··· . . -~'(;ODE;-Art. 7fJ9f3,·PA'RA~; supra··an6).';.' .;. · 3·. .Ment~\-bis~aJe; or ·jti'sanity>.
.: . ., : . ·• ·: ·'.:- ·: -~ ~:~ ~:: : , .... · , 'J: ·: :·:~. ·. ~ . . i': . ·_- .... - .. t ..: ... , ·. . .[Link] may be .inent~i, [Link]?a~ity .to make a·will
...Pr:~~-UmRtip1}of~o·un,d,Mi~d:. :c_·.:,_- ,<
'i · ·. -· ::,>.-, · :·_.:.,·'.[Link]:oJr~~f~il_;~f~i~!,~.'.~··-~·.;.:;:,-.':':: ,_.:•~,-./.'.·.:::·,·,.· ,
u· ·"}\
Tbe-law pr(;lsumes thaqhe·testator;,i~ of sourid ·mi_n:d,. _ . .. .. . · ·:. - , _
Thus; the·burderi of proof tnat the testatorcwas mit;.<:if _ . ......;..:,Perso·ns suffering· · fro·m · idiocy (those
~OUR'~ :rni_nd·:~t'.t~·e Jime .a'tmaking __ ~i.~' 'd!.lposi~ is .. -1~11gen\t'f1lly'.pefi~iE\nl_jfJ°iQ_t~f1e~t)'. i=jr)P 1m~e_cility .
. on· t~e:_person. who.:opposes ~he: pr~b'aSJte of. tre~ill: . . [\f:(l~~::":',~q .arti n_:ientallyjlefi~i.~rta~ ·a_.r~~u_l~ ~f
(CIVIL.(;GIJ.E,:Art:.800) .. , ,. ,?/. .· )~ 0· :. · __d~s.e~t-t~~~{!tpo~~e~s.:th~ n~cessary-,m~l')_t~I· ·.
,, '· · - · ·· · ·- ·- : .. ,. · '- · · · : .. -'/!..(J:. ·t
,· ·No.pres_u~~~i_on'ofi~sanity_ar_iS:e~o.m;,t~~·Pte:~~n~
·.?f m~r~ ~dE?[Link], ~1q~~~l.h!§:isn.~~P}>~c;l!)l., J1_qr;
L'-~~~ ,
!!P.!A J ·
·. · ,
.. K: ~ . . .. . " . .
capacity. to r;nake a,-w11l (Id, at-4f3). . : ..· ,- ·'. '.(' ..

~4'? Me'1!~[Link]µs!?n ·:·t' ·\'· ,· · :: . . .~ ) '." ·. ·:, ·;,; <:·::'"

.mtox1cat!bn,- for the sam~· reato.n-(3,PAE?A's, supra ~~ _A)\ Ap_, n?ane (del4.s1on, ,wh1c_h will· [Link] ·.9ne
· Af'7Rf . ;-·, .··, ..- .·. ·' ·: .. ,... ·: / _\ •.-· : ·. _',:,,?''>-. ;-' \iri¢~Rcible' ofmaking-a,will',.may q~·d~fin~d.,as a· · ' ..
· _,. : . · ·. ·. :· _. · .,. /::P::f_'· . · · ,.· . · ~ -.beli'i:=?l°-in.'tbin~s;·which·do'[Link]'and'·which n'o
: Exc_~ptio'rij; [Link]:suh,ptr~'m 9($~~-ity ... ~.'-<;~~·s:,.?;l~~ r:.:::~.fatix1'kl~irjd:-iciuldibeiieyeto 'exi~t; .._;: . - : · .
. U !...-. I
, ,. ~ ·,·-···. •.• , .• ~ • •.
· Th~ ·.burde[l':'of · proving': 'sani!,~ ··s~·tag}Jst·
.:it - ••• , ,~ .JJD:.,.. ....-;~
yp9ri_-: tne,~;-:i\.\ ,l!;.~-- ._.. ~: ... , ~- ·:
. ...
i ·: . .
,,r , "·-". - . . ·· ~,, ·: · _. · ·~ ·. ' ,
, prop,or:i.e~t:5 of _lh~ will wh'enl(-~_1.Gj:\.. _-',,_... ~-'· ·: . ;_::,._.::."'2_';... , · ·!O 11!l's:fit~t:"the.•s.e~·ipgi,~Sid,e :of'a wili; · ir!ffiUSt·b,e ...
·1. T~?·...t~~-!?.to~: . ?~-~. :W, \Tl'1~ti~~r. _J'e~[Link].._\9f~~~;{{· :iJ'·':>. ,-,. ~ci4hJthat~!bi~t)1~as,Jb~~ w~du9_ ·o:,;offsP,r,i~g .
. . . · ma.~1f\9.Ji1s Y.{!11; w_as p1,[Link] known t~b~,i~~e,,:,:. "\"((:+. 9,Kthe1fd_el1.,151on;-:or c1\<le?s.t, tha~ 1t v,ia~_mfluencep
' .--·([Link]{~:c_op~'. ~H\~?,9}l()~ft.
, _?. . lf)he· te~tc1t9r. rnad(;l !l:i~ y.,111: c1tterne--l'J,ad.5.~et;~~:'.::JR'i~. ·
\:;:?~~f}~~f'-1 :~q'Y.1~e~r~tsi~·a_rfl?,~i'.a_t,~9J<_<-·:
·•t!.'> - '
:--,~- -:· ·>"<''· ,.·r ·. ;. ·.

>. - •.
1/· ::- '·. ··:· ·:· "····.::. • • • · • ' ; •• :· •• '. • .. ·'. • •
0,:

. ·. . -~ 1t14~t~alf{d~~lar~~·.t1 _b~:·1~s-~.1~f ~h9:~_for~~~;ir1rn1S.:-t'0.3~~f ~-'tht~~-p·~r.n~!~ra_i.:: . .-: :\. /. -~ •• : •• •• ~

_ ... ··.- ··· . . Jud1~1al~-orqer.- basd:ieen set. as1dE\;.(f1~'A.!~~~:::::::~t3~~e.f\P").SR!rlt!,Jahsm·;-1~ .nqt; m"'1tself·~uffie1f!nt . :·: .
·..(_';:ilJ?i.,. . .
-<·- ;; . ~.-.:}YPi{~{~$r.... '. , . . . \"::: .':' · - ·_·
- .. :s' 3: He'·waS::.'Lihder.· Guardianstlip af the·::£ih'fe of- M·:· /\.~);,.~'.\,.~ •-: ,. .· ", '·" , '.· · ;, ·. .: . ,
~{id~c·e_o(t~[Link]~af1•1h'c'~Ra~!t\'. ·._''., ,: - . . '., .. :_-
·
\_. ~-h: _·v·:
· ·. ·
q'fi~~i9,~~hi_s:'?Jlf(,Ypt~~S'fi~d+~J:>~:Z.d~~~~?~~~.·~·--wil! ~X-~~:ut:d:·~y_;_o_n_~-~~-~':!~ such~:~
Lop'ez,. G.R, No:_ 25Q66;:Nove·rnber,_ 1~ ·1926), · .. -;,;, . · · · ·, extraordinciry: [Link]-·m. spmtuahsm_.-1that. .l1~ .. ~..
. .

/ \ ·;. ,..' •. :·: . ~ ::-: .' . . .... : ··,>'i-,, )- ·_ : ·., :· . . . . . .follo'«s;::_ bli':'qlf'> a·nd'; )mpii~(t'ly,;._ --:suppo~ed.' .. "
;·: . --:. Ttie:: following .-,·cireum'stances'-Y'dO .(•NOT ··affect . : , '; directioris'.of'spitits'Tn'c6rtstructing "the will is not-·: .. ·,,;
~-~-< .,_. < .- . : ·-::-. .
'te:st~rnJn(ar{cap·acit"{··{cAPl~Qf .. ' . - -. admissit?°leJo"probale ('lcl:5'aF49:'t5o){" .·_·: ... _·,,:.·

; :· .{ ',-'~?,~:i::wj!~~!·~~i:~n.<",::_:<i<.\ ·: ·:-:\:;. ;'.; }t}\t'·;.; · ·: ·<::·. ·:. 6·.. :_ -~.ru~~:~~i~;rr.:~ ' :;::t_: . -.'(}{i:-..,··;\. . · · . .,:: ;_~ . . :
:, ''.-./.' ·' 3:· -'Pic>digattly;-' ,' ·-.;,.: ~; - < . . .. 'f°"'=·~ ':- . :· ...~_. .._ ,., . :·Ge'ri'cfr'a}. [Link][Link] Th'.e:. ad/rT)isiioi:-.'of.,a' wU_l.i!o. -
:\ :. · .'_4: s·!t1~?1,:,~rt~Y;.; ~n·d. · .: .. ,_. .. , .··,::-._· -~ :.'.·'. .... ~<·· , ,. .pr.:9~aJf~ill: ~,~tl:[Link]}f~d.:~et~!~:<?i°l ~~9_9f,f~. a~ ;', ·:
':.'..,. . 5: <·'f.a'mils,'f¢lat10),:s'·.. ·.. ·. , . ·.. . . _ :·. .. . .. , . :: t~e,te?ta!0r_W13?· aad!Gt~~ _to·:t~e~~~eess1"'.e,use · ·: .. ·.
· :.. :'. 6: :-Qthers'Qf simiri:jr·ilature,(3 PARA'S,·sQpra at'39-,. . . ·. ofalcdholi'c liqu'ors'or:dru·gs:(/tf. a,t 50):· .. , · . · ·:·... .
', ~· •·<"," '.',\<,4QJ.:• .·' • :~· ": ~- • I •: ~ •• >:;'." • • • ·,,. •·: :. \• :· >):.-'... : ~- ?·>t· . -•;• • '. ·:· . ~ :.~'-~ ..::'. _:/._·, •,~· . . • )·,~ { ;·("·,"'- · ·., • • •
· · .. ·' ·. · .. : ,:-: ... · ~.:). :.,. . , ·. .,,,.,. · .' ·.: · · '(r. &:ic'ception:· 1,[Link]'tl:i!:!·time·bftli'~·
makiog,.of the· ·: ,:..
... . . . . Effe'c~'.d Gertain~,n~;rifiti~~ .. '''· . . . will,>tl)e' test~tor:, was.".. ifo. :~mudi. (ind er· ,)he· . .
. · ... - ', ,;.
: 1. /QJcjAge ' : . ,, . . . . .'. influe:r1ce:1ofdhednto~icants"'Or:'dn..igs·,a.i:...ti:{be.: .· ,·. ·:·
· ·M:[Link] ·o_r. i~[Link] .or
old ·agec a6.~~: not . , ... ·: una6fe 'tci
bring tp thefiusinesii:ci_t·t-i'[Link]~· c~lm , .. ·.·
. . riec·e~satily, , frn,ply \ that ·a .'' per~or:i · ·::1ac1<s· · 'jl.Jd_gm~n,t [Link] .·th'e-la-Y.:requires of ~e~[Link](!~· . a
. · -:: ~<?stamentaiy .. [Link]··. (Ortega v>:V{ltm9nte, _af',50). · ... :. · · ..
.. :. · G;R. ivo: 157451, Dec~mber'1'6, 20~5). ·. '· ·. ·· · .:.., :.: ··
,:_·. ; .·:..-: . . . .. . ~ .

,·
'
:. ..
 . .

', SAN BEDA LAW [Link]

SUCC.-ES·S-IQN· OPERATIONS~ MEMORY AID 2019 '
' I ' .. j .-

• I

7. ·peaf~~~t~ ·and: Blind_P,~rso~ can make. a will . · Obj_ects of·Formali_t(e~ of Wills_: (GAG). ,.
· (CIV,IL CODE; Arts. 807-80{3)", · .
• - • •1
~- ..
1. Tq ~lose the [Link] agqinst..bad:faitli and fraud;
· 2. To· ~voi_d su_bstitutiqri of ,wills· and testamen~s;
· Supervenin.g,tncapgsity ,, . . and.· _·. . ·.· .. '., -: ·. · ., . · .· .
··$upervening inca·paci~y ..Jdoes not inva_lidate an 3. To . Quaran.t~e their truth . ;:fnd autherHicity.
(JURADO," S!.!ccession, sup"ra at 52).· · ··
. .- effectiv~·~ill~_n9r i_s ihe will of"an' incapable_'[Link] .... ' . .. . ...
by IIJ,e [Link]:ve.r1irig_ of fapacity {QI_Vl( __co·DE, Art.·
8Q..1).. . . . . . . . · So when. an interpretation .alreaay' given. assures
~such en_ds;-any other interpretatlori wtiaisoevE3r, "that

F •.P~~ALi-fi:b;Wm,~ . · •· .
,_ . .. :r' ..... ·,.. "v··
adds nothinq _but demands. more .[Link]
unnecessary, useless· and frustratlve' .of testator's
will, [Link] (TestateJ~state or-Carlos
' ~ • •' .f • • •• '-c•' • • • • ' .. • • ·, •• - : , I- ci». [Link] Mur~iaho,.. G:R No:L/3362, Mqrch -1.,
1951).,. ·.· . ; · . .' . ... _. : . : . . . · .. · ·.
Kinds of Wills'· . . . . . . , . , . . . : · . : .... ·.::· ...
-~. : Orainary~o.i: Notarial .Wili__L_Thc1f which requires. · .· . Common Formalities- between Holographic-and
· .·. · "arnonq-other 'thiri!'.js, -an attestation clause.' and .. Notanial Wii°ls · .. : :-. :_: ·:.-··!:·.:· . · -~:. · :, .· ., · .• , .-_ , , . : · .
. . :<;.an aokriowledqrnenf before-a _no~ari-public (3 , .. 1.: yVill,fnUSt be:ir] YJriting (CNIUOOf?f=, Art.:~q4J;
· -", :· F;'ARAS,-[Link] 80):· . c; : lt the will is ord_in~ry(it.'cloes not·m'atter o~ what
'.. : : . . ' ... . . . .. '. material'ifisiwritten."lt"may,b_e-.written by nanp or
.:_\.·F.~;m_~ll{~q4ir.~~~~t~:::.(wi~:s~[Link]) typewritten, or, [Link] ,,pl~tes-' type ·"or.
· .· .a,. In: Writing; .. ·.': .. : :.: \ ,. . ·. ". -; ~ ., · · 1- :_- (JURA_D.O, -Suc<?essiori, 'supr» a(53): __ ... : . ·
1
· ·:1:>.;. Exet9ted ·ir:i a ha~nQu9g~_or dia°hkt-koo;,vn to . ..;, :_ : . : . "-,.'-.:'.:~. .-_ ·: ·· __' ~- • . . ~ · ••
. ., ·the testator· ·.· · , Article". 810·: provides . that- in.: the case .of .
<, c. Subs~ripti6~ -:-·Subscribed at the end-thereof li1Ql0graphic Jills, [Link]·[Link] [Link]',
. '. ·:-,,by_ fl'l~ ,fest~tor·.hi.11JS~lf·or;tby:1estat~~-nam_e hao_dwriti7i°g of the ,.te'statq'r· · hlrriself: H i~ ._only ip .
. .. •i ., written,· 'bY .~pme. :othen-person. ·1n his .-_. fherc~~~fi?r_c;linary~il!s._t~_9rwhoe.:'.~·r.pe_rfbrT?:··
. ·. -:'. : : ~p.r~[Link]~ and :i:iy'hisi e·xpi-ess aifectfon; . 'i •. · the- n:iE;.,,chin.\faJ,.a~L!=J~: W~lh.~~ 'q~·.dra~\mg ~h·e .w~II.
· d," .Atte'sted· :·an_d . sub,sc~ib'ed b~ 3 o more
··-· .. · ... ~;:~f~~,~~~t.6~~sne~~~i-~J~:;rre;;e_~-:~:..
th~:
. . . ··: e.. M~r.g1_nal, s1_g_nat~re·:.JA1 /ot•t.~e.-l?f&Je~ are . .
. . becQ!p'es a g:iatter:,.<?.f md1ffere,~'ce _(C?s!~.:1~_d!3 v.:.. .
;,:_. ~1:1~~(: tr ~~;_1.:~\~~~~\;~;::19.~4)._. _:_·. '.
.. ; . ~- ·~:~xecu_te-d1'ii'."ariapgu_;3ge_ or·di'aled .[Link],the- ·
, . :· .signed,.~?<c~pt the !ast; [Link].~fFmargm by: . . ·; / tesUitot (.GJYll!!'80pE;.Art. 804).:·: ,.: .. . ~ · .. ·
.: .:.:·· .. -i. -:_:[Link]-o~tt,fperson-r~~guest~?·9Y·; °' ·· ,r::· . , ·, ·,. · '.-. ·. ' · . '
· . <- -~ ·,.,hin,,to·write:[Link]~ria1J1~; ao.cl_. ·, · · . · · · · T~~f~t~r·s~:k~o;le·d,;e. o~~-nde~s·t~t1qir1g o(ihE: ·
' . . .· .. : · .. Ji. :(he 'in&tr,umeriJal. witr\es~; : .. . . . lang,.uage/diale_ct ~~_ed" not b~ ·: Ei?<°l?f~Ssly_ sta"ted"
.·- t.. .,e!3~~ · "num_~~;-rng·. ·-=- · A.II_ .~he;,t..Page~ acf' . . eithe"'.'l1:i:the 'booy .ofJhe .will 'or:iri:tbe :a~testation·
· '. . ,:~~~rp\JbPe;:1 P~~r;;~~;~~~:g~~tte~~~~r,~~ , ·~·: ... -}~u-~_Y-.(~_~RA~O,_ $~~~ess~~n, ~fpra af_!5f~; ·. _.. :_
0

. ·_. g. Atte~tation ... clay"J;;e·· execut~cL_ .oy . the .. N,o'te: Donations mortis 'causa partake [Link] natur,e"
: ,, . .-witnesses; ·and ·. · ' · . '· y ; . ·. ·;__ : . . : of te~famenlacy "pfovisi~hf(C/V/b.. C_OQE/'Art.·-728)
... _. \ . _'h'.\ ~ckr:iq.~[Link]~rjt_ ~ [Link].\1c:;k~9wi'~dged· · ahd'·.as. 'such·· s~1id\cteeds··:·inust: be -,executed \in-
acccircfari'ce;wlth [Link]-on .sbl~mriities of Wills
· · >.
. : ·: .· . · -. · · b._efore:~ i:,otary pupli~ by. t~~ fe,~ta\(?r ~nd the ...
sa_isJ .':"'i!n~ss.1sJ .(C/VI_L. 90pq, f,,:ts. 804-. · . . ·· aAd:t°[Link]·n-ts:ohder:Arti;· 805 and 806 (Mag/[Link] ·
,_,· ·_._· . .. . 8?. 6.)__·._:- ...·_:--_~-~ ' __ · ·-._~-_-._·.·.
r .
< .·:· :. · . . -.· . . .\I; Heirs oi~cabatingan,:-fi.R.·No:~:13:1·f)53:· ./ilf!e.5,.
".2002}:!:; i._.· . ":<. ··' : •. >"; . . ' ,· . : ·-.
:2 ..: · HolograiJh: or Holographi9·.Will:_:,-: :T:h;;it which is · · -· · .. · ·. ,· - . ::. ·~ · · ., .. ,.. : .- .:·· ,. ,·
/ ''. ·.,-.entifely "".~itie'~~ dateq·.·_a_nd iigne~- qy _th~ hand :. NOT,~~iA'L OR"•.QR[?IN_ARY. .. W.l~L (C/VJL CQDE,.:·:.-
. of the·testator himself (CIVIL [Link];'Art.'8-10). . Art. ·ao5JdSA~-[Link]).:- :_~·-·, . , .· . ·,_.; . :_. '" __ .,.... ..
· .._ "·. ,·:·· · .. · .. ,._., ,.,_, ·.·. ·· 1. ,.§.ubscr:ip'.~io[I_;. ·. · ~---.··:·,.,,.··._: ·.
~'. ·_Note: Nuncaptiv~· .wi/fs .; .'A'.ills c;fral!Y m_ad,e .by the .,· The·:.manual.-·a~t~by\._the ~te'[Link]· .and - his
. -:-t~stator :if!. )?9°i'.lte~'p_lation .9.f~ dea\r, "be~ore. ;;~n.~; . ihstrumentai"witi:iesse's:·of'affiiing,_!heir signatpre
"'-.· .. com"pe!eri.t .witp!3S~.':[Link] :ri~w [Link]. C9..de :[Link] r:iot .· to'-:the' fnst'rum~nrlJURADO,: Succession, supra
rec~g_rii~e . tbe. vali_dity, of.:DL!J1captiv~ wip~, . Arl.:-804 .. · . : · ·iat -55): · '.· · · ·. · :_ :·,;-::·:·,;_ · : . : · . . · >
"d'oE!s-11ot · rE3c;ognize oral-Wills (3'-[Link]$;.silpra at
• ~. ·. i3.1y." . . . >~ _,. , . .. . .- . · ... -~·
Purpc;>ses:.,..
... · ·
.
~ .. :·,,:·:: ··· ' .. ,;.
·. :.: , __,_. ,,·, ,. _.;,_· -\
• ¥ .' , • • ··< . ·a. To identify the tes~ator;.and . · ·.,
.·, .. ~ .. ···.· ·' --~- b,:~ ·,T:p ~ut~enti"c;ate·tt\~ docum~nt (lcj. at·55J: ·,.
. \ ~. ... .. '. ,• .. ·: ~ ,: ' . ·.. . . . . : ..~ . ,·
; ..
, ·..
. ..

.. ;·
\ .
·2019 SAN:BEDAlAVV [Link]~IZED·BAR OPERATIONS. I: 265
 -SUCCESSION
~SKS ~a"*'?' 't2;#:J4:t&:::f
. . . ·-
SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALizw BAR OPERA T/ONS - MEMORY AID 2019
. . ..
:.4Uf,S76i S!Ph·N¥· HPt#?Sdi-:S# 4 Wi?t-_iicAi#\i#':4AW##f%i,#.~~:; R4M#t:Yrtti5MjYS¥tt14~15;:,:.f:,

Forms: by the· third person in his presence and under his

a: . · Subscription by Testator express direction, shall · ·be_ sta)ed · ,in · the
i. Manner of Signing · .. a_ttestation clause (Garcia v, Lacuesta, G,R. No.
A sufficientsiqnature to a w(II depends L~4067,r
.
November
- . 29,
. 195.1).:
. . ...
. ·
largely on the custom of the time and . ~ :·
: place, the [Link] the individual, and the. c Pla"ce of signature_.(either by [Link] orby
circumstances of- each particular. case, another): End of the will: otherwise, void (td].
.out it should be manifest that-whatever ..
I.
is · used is actually· intended "as- .a End of Will , .
signature (Id. at::.55). , Refers to the logical" end, which is the point.
-.':: where "the -lestahieritary dispo'sftions· terrriihate
'Notef A complete .signature is not (TOLENTINO,· Civil. Code. ,of tbe Philippines
essential° to the validity ofa will "(Id: at . .Anno(9(ed, .: (201·3}, . p: .
70 [/Jweinafter, 3 .·
56) .. T_OLENTINO]f. ,

·:,;
\.··.
I :

...... :·

."' .•. ·
r:

The . testator": n'.eed not ·:. ~b-~ ·_', physlcally .

incapacitated, to 'ask. a third· person to siqn the ·
will_ tor him; ~rbviged, th~rl.h.e.f?e:t-of the s),g_ning
... .
. \.
. 25·
. 5 . ·1 201s SAN a·Eo; LA;; cEl'llTRAUZE6' BAR ·O. PE~TION5 •
~ "; .
 ~SUCCE-SS_ION
. ..
tSC4i:1¥M ,=,,4s1~·2.4a•stA.M§.!4WKHA'.1 14041 f.Z MAI
.
ii,,,
SAN ~EDA LAW CENTRAL/;l£D BAR Of'ERATIONS·-.MEty,ORY AID 20;9
,e
.
M,> 4£S-t, #£ Rf s+ Z#A3Sh£##'· il$&·&#4¥@i-i¢(SfJe?;,Ifli':.Z¥~·r~~:t::.ll
. ,,,
Subscription consists in the manual act of- the Wt]ile it may [Link] th~t the attestation clause.
instrumental witnesses· in 9ffixing . their - is-indeed subscribed at the end thereof and at
, signatures t_ci' 'the instrument for the 'purpose of the left margin of" each page· by.-the' three, .
ldentification (Id. at 59-qO): · '-·· · · attesting· witnesses, it certainly cannot be
,. conclusively interred therefrom; that the . said
Purposesof-Requlrinq Witness to Attest and J"'[Link]~ss·es .affixed their respectivesiqnatures in
toSubscribe to a ~ill: (PIPA). :.. \ the. presence of the testator and of each other
a. ·Prot~ction ~ of the. testator from fraud· and . since, as petitioners correctly observed, the
_deception; . · · · · · · presence of said siqnatures onl9 establishes the
b. Identification-of the insirument; ., \:. .fact that· it was indeed siqned, but ii-does -not
c. To ··render available froof during probate prove thatfhe attestinq [Link] did subscribe
· proceedings tharthe will has been execufed -[Link] wili in the presence of the testator and of
, in accordance with .. 'the :Tequirements · .; . each 'other. TJ,e execution of a 'will is supposed
[Link] .law. and' that the instrument -~·10 be one· act so that where the testator and· the
offerecUor probate is authentic; and ·- · .. witnesses-slqn .. on various: days· or 'occasions.
d. The ~scertairiment of .. th'e . testamentary . - and in various combinations, the will cannot be
·. Gap'acity _of_ the. testator (Id. at 60-61). stamped . with . the , imprimatur · of effectivity
' . . . ·. •. (Canedii'v.:Court-of-Appeals; G.R. ,Yd. 103p54,
· .: · Attestation
. . v. Subscription
-' . May 28,: 1993). · . · ,·

"The phrase does not necessarily require actually

[Link] the possibilityof seeing without any
physical obstruction. (Jaboneta v. 'Gustllo, G.R.
No: 1641;.January 1$, 1906) ..

·- When a person rnergly has:his back turned, ·the

,· slgning is done in 'his presence since he. could
· have ca~t,his eyes in (he· ·µruµ1,1r direction
(:Japon"eta:v. G'us_tiio, G:R. No. 16,41, Jenuety,: >
19,.1906)... · · - . . -
:~1~aH[Link]hh'9'
,rne· .:r,r.r · .:
11
.• ;·) ' ' · . ~ . ~ ' "
i·[Link] wa~ not done :"In the
·presence -of:.tne-witness·it his iih(fof. vision to
-the testator and the other subscribinq witnesses
-- ...wasirnpeded by ,{curtain separatinq t.f1e'm at the
moment efinscriptlon of each signature (Nera v. ,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~J-.-..--....- .·. Rif!!andc;,, G'.R.. No. _L-5971, Fepruary·21, 19"11).°
'Atteslatio_ri .. c_laus·e rrii:1y Subscription [Link] _, '
. be· placea ·: at '_the always b,e at [Link] · 1n·case .th13" tElSlcit!:)r _is-bllnd,. the [Link] .
. ·. J>egi_rining ·of.·, th~ )Nill; c"~nd of·th'e y.,_i.l!- . ' . -be ~OniP,Hed,with ,if ihe .signihg_ or adi~n 'is witnin l
. Placing-it· at· the- ·[Link]. is .·· · · · · •· · .. , . the r;:ing~ofthe·others·enses like tiea'ring, [Link]~ ·
·only°'f9:r·co~_ve~-i~riGe.: ·. . . .. .: · , ;·\·_: .. _'_ . . . ., etc.,'of t~e. t~sta_tor ($ P_ARA~, supra af 89):
(Id.._ at 60). •. ·. .' . , I_- : . ~ ,, . Test of. Presence· · ·. · · · . ·
.....

.
. ~
. :,
':• ~-.
Or:[Link] of Signil]g . . . .• . .
Jtie true tei~t ·bf yisibn i~ n-ot ~hether'ihe 'testator
.a¢tually saw the [Link] · sign, :but whether· he
-. .• · A$ - IQng .a.s the signing· is done within the liiight have. seen' hirh ·sigr_i, considering . his ....
J?.resence ·Of one. ·another,, i~- r~~lly jfQ~S not mental an~l. physi<::al;_condition and. po'sition l3t the
n:i_atter much :whether ·1~e. vtitnesses ·signe,d .., : time· of the su6s-cription (Jaboneta v.. Gusti/a
ahead of or after ·the· testator as long as the e..[Link]., [Link]. 1641;·January-f9, 1.906): It [Link]
s,gniqg i~. sufficientfy cortem,poran~ou~ .(Id. at wheth~~ they actualiy saw [Link]:other sign, [Link]
60:.61): , · ·. :. · .w_het~er·th_ey.'might have· seen [Link]' other,sigri
·, . ,. : . ':: ~ ...
had they ·chosen · to· do so,- ,co'nsidering their
"1.r:iJhe pfes~_J)ce''. . .. .. . .1 . menJal [Link] cppdiiioh. a·rid po~ition with
The e~~cutiohofa [Link] be le·g_ally effective relation ' to ·. each· · other · aL. the moment of · .
. if the various pqrticipants signec;j ori v~riqus.'days' ·· · io:5cription· ~f eacn signature. (Neyra v. Neyra; ·
or occasions. an_d i.n various ccimbinatio,ns of . -c.A No. 8075, March 25, 1946).
those present (Ar.,da/is .v. Pllfgueras, · G.R No. , .....
3~209, Mar~h '10, 1934). · · · · .

.. .· ,.·./;
... - \ .
/

20i9 SAN SEDA LAW-CENTRALIZED BAR-OPERATIONS·, .. 267

 $[Link],N .
SAN BEDA CAW. [Link].0-B~R
OPERATIONS.- [Link]~YAID 2P.19-·

: ,..·;..
.r . ,•

,. 268.1 [Link]-J;'BEQA·LAW.([Link] BAR OPERATIONS.

' ..· ...
 SUCt:[Link]'.,,
SAN BEDA LAW CEN_TR(!LIZED.·BAR OPERATIONS~ MEMORY AiD 2~19

· Contents: (SAN)" .( . .Verge/- .de -Dios,.·.G.R. No. L~21151;

r
a. The [:!u_mbe"r°of pc1ges used (CIVIL CODE, · Fe_l/ruary ~5." {924) . .- , : , ;, · · .
A,:t. 805)_; · - . ii. The :attestat_ion; clause need ·not be
'. ' ,, ~ ·~ .-.. : • ' ' • • • '• I I
-writteqjn.a language ofdialect,known to: .
General: Rule: The· failure .to · state the the. testator· nor to 'the ·attesting.
'nuhiber ;(:pages on which .. the will, was' .'~Vitnesses -SlrlCe it does·.nol form part of
" ' . . .
written in the [Link]-isa fatal flaw. · _the·:testa_r'mfnt~ry 9Lsp~sitioh (J:URf,DO,
<
(Azu_ela y: ,<:;A, G(R. no. 122880, .f!.pril ·f2, . 'SucceS$_io'n; supra·af 91) ..
0

2?9-6). : ·. ,:~~... . .
~ .. : .
-:
, ,·, ·_ · _: I:·
iii:. -ifhe witn'es·ses mu~t'sig_n--at th~ bottom-
.. · 0f .th.e atte:;;tatio"r1 .c1a·us.!:),. ·· ·
:,~
Exlepfion_: There issubstanttal compliance
with'--·the requirement '·if_ ·the w,11 · states · . · N~_te:. A~. ·u-r:isjgn~9 attestation clause
,. elsewhere .. i_n· it, ', how·., m~·n_y. pag¢s it is . . . ', . '[Link] considered as'. art· act ci(ihe
··cbriiprised .'°'.of; ~- such .-·:·:as .when. -the . ., ~~.tr:iess~s .since the _omission~ of their .
·. '.--:.: ./ackr:,[Link]·iitself'.·states , t~e-.'~a-me .: ·· -· . :.sigf1aturErs,}· atvthe ., bottom. t~ereof. ·
-.; : •
1••
('Mitra v. S8b/EJn!.Gt/[Link] .G.R: No, 213994, ·· : ;..\.·negatives .. their particlpation (Azue/a v..
· · ,. · .·Aprii 18, 2p1a, ?;iting Taboada, v, Rosal, c{R. . : . · . .- , · . ..1c;;j):G, R:: nq::"12~8f30, Af?riCt-f,?006J'
0

· No. L-36033 November 5; 1!)_82). . ' · . • . · : .· :-_ · ._- ., ..;'. '; -- ,· .:. · , : -, ·
I ,. .-.· '• .: · ; .... : ~''.'.·· ' ' ,\ ;._:.· ' • . - , ..• ' • iv..> T;he .factthat the. [Link]
. . . .- : ·.:- 'i°hert 'is'j'10· su.f>'sta'ntial' co'n:i~liance. with' Art,' . . . written orr.a separate [Link]: been.' .. ,·.
. '. ' 809 if there is a }aiscrepari'c;y between th~ · held" .. to ·. be - . a : matter -~.of,· :"minor , .•
' -. nym.b~r .·:.; -~f..-_
~'c;ig1s .. s~at~d .. ·)~ ·, 1ta<i/' importance;'·. anf·-~ppar:ehtly '-will-: ~ot, . ·.
.. ac~[Link]:ient;and the actual numqE;l~ of :affect'the:·Vaiidity'.of:ih:e will''(Villatior v..
. .'bypages qf_ the will 'as it csinnot be explained ·. T;bias; G.R. No. 27..440;;.[Link] 24,
• ~-
0

mere [Link]-the .. will 'itself bl!J 1.927J ;., ->. : . . · ... :-· .·.· .· ...... .-·.
·:. ·: ·' ..... · \' ,;thro'Ligt'i. tjje( 'pfcise~tati6n'<or' EKi6~nce·· . . ~ ~tf~sfa'tiori: clause is n::i~ndatbryJor
. :'· a1fwnd_e .. .(~oj:Jez ·\(.: 'L~p_ez _fl.Bl··, .. fj)J: ·,No. :: ·_. • · , ·attested. wills. IHs' separate ..-and di$[Link]
·'.::, __1 ~~98.':4-'(~~s__ :_olu?"<j~);'._N._o_v.~7ti!)er,i1~~2;;,Y . :. , .: : · :_ · fr~~~··::_ t~·e~ .-ci~_k.[Link]·nt-· :clause
, · · · · ,{~\'l'11~cati6~ ; . pf .·: a~~n~:,vled~~~~t}:
.· .. · .. ~-~r"i_t.th~ _mi;,,bei: _6f'.:6..ii3,e~s~?t~t~t1~-.in, · . '.. , TJ1~s~.tw_q;~~nnpt be~m,enJ~p ('Echavez
· ~ . _>, ·. . , ,f..QY,.p"ar_t, 9..f ~~~ .V{!l,11, ,~nf11;,the_-~w1II do~stno~ . v.l:'· Dozen , Constructi90; · G.R: -No.
· . . . . . 'contain any.,, . notanall".' ia'.CKl'[Link]!Jlent' ' Jf9_2ll:f6;1'°<r!.ct6f>ej.f1;2Qf0)':·. <· · ' -~
· ·.: .. . v/~erein _ num~er-··.o{ p~g~s tFe-
the or rww -
i. ~bs~nce· of. this c1a.u·se wilf rendedne _ . ·. . .
· ·.. ·.. ·, sl)ou!~ .. b~- sf~.t~d. the" ~oc rJ.?...~,_set [Link] j.n. 0:·
.-.will°. a_;,nullity (JURADO,, ·Succe~sion,"~ ~
: ·. <
T~v,oaa~.. l(.·;_R~.s~/)s-pot·.~pplica?leV,11zue/a. ::,-: ::~1ip./a. !_·: .. ' .. ·_·, ... ·. ·: · ~'t}ft>_:_'
·· ..v_ ~I\, e( al;. supra).. . •.. . . , ... . _ . .. .
. . -· ;: :. • .-. ,: • ' .: :.~, . °:'; ·: . - . ~&::..;.,,a'---...-E_ffect of:D{,'!fects. or IIT![Link] in -the ..
( • • ' ••• _-, • •••• P.~rpoie':°cjt ttie'
''.0 To safeg'Uard '[Link] R~-,~= Attestati(?.n Gl?!JSE! ..;· . . . :/ : .. ·. : .. ·_., .
· . ·. . ·- · pcissible 'interpqfaiiq_l')· or.c>missio~·e Pf,· -G,e:nera!J~l!le:·-:rh.~.y.,il!.sball be invaliq9teo. if ttie·
•. .-· ·., : sonie./of- its :.. RagE:!~ ·:·and.-·,,tp·· 'pr~vent · any :::- def~~t-0U~e:~~tte?tc1ti9·n .GJc!\,[Link]'.'ii~;S!-l_b.s~ar-i~ial iQ·
· . ~. [Link]. o(c!e,cr.·~9.s_e~iFJ. the_-pagesi(Aiuel§i· · :-c·· ·coa'rac;:tE:r.:Jhe·defect-ls sµt>sta~JiaFwi;ien-it-: ..: · / ·
. -~ · ·. v,:.9A,.-GJr no . .1?Z880;Ap[il12, 4QQ6).
' . . .· . .
·> · . _. .
:a:./•·:·G?E!:.S},_il')t<;>'. th~. \(ery-'essence of.·U-1~·clause
.. · .-... : . '-i_tself; Qf/ .··.,'.v ,.~, ; · . .-·. ·,·., :·.:'·'·' ..
·:,

_b... ::.T~e:_ta~h~~t th~ te~!atbr §ign~~ ~m'.and. ·. ih·;

5.. ~onsfsts'.iri-th~ ·[Link] ornt sqme; "or- all
. - . ·'. '. ·.: -~[Link]·, page,Jtiere~of, .ot,caus~d so"m.ei_ other .: of the: essential fads~which' [Link]'.stated· .
- . _, ·p~rson·to write 1:Jis .nar'ne,an:de·r tiis·expres.s - 'in'.'sJi11(cia'user;·ahd, iuch 'omi§:sion - ~~rmot .·
qiretpon;·. · in_-· th~·.: . pr~sence.·.-.of··· .th~ . . ,, . be cur~a [Link] ·e~aminc!tioh of tlie will ftsel.f ·. ·
. : . ,:- . . . ir:[Link]:umemtar·witnesses'. (CIVIL. CODE, Ar( ··Ud: cit)6)., :; ·,:·-'._ .. : ~- ',.-.,, .. ·-·~ ... ·· ,·· · :·,.
• -: ·' .. /i05);_and '.''·. ·. : ~-: ... :" _ ._- .. · . · .. _.. r- 1_. · ._. _ , -··· •• •• , . ·.• ,·· , .;~- , ••.•. ·>', ... . <.. , .:,
, , , , .. , .. · :-·: >· · :;-'--- EXG~pti~n:.Doctrine" oflij:>era!·lnt~rp~eta~ion. ·
·,· .. · c·. · The. fact that the· witnesses witnessed. and:- Ornis~ions .. or. . nons_co'mpliar,:ce 'vJith. sta_fi:jtory · .
·.• ... - . ·: ·-[Link] th~:·.~ilf -a~d ·all tt,e,pages th,e~reofih:. . wovision~-~is"to._fqtrn)v~[Link]°.r:ipt be. fat;;i_l pjovide_d· 0

: .• · .. :. · < iie. p:,-eserice of,·the ·testator· ·and .Pf'one th,at it· can qi esl~bli$!.Wd pf de_duced· from ·an
. ~r:iother- (C!Vf(CpDE, ~rt.- 805). , · :· · -...--· - . examination :·or··the.- will· itself that all-' of· !he
. · .... :···. . '-· . ·sta_~citor'y reiquir~m~nt.~Ji~ye be~p complj~d,with
. ·, . i~ot~:he-att~~tatlo~:c~~u~~ is i~e ~ff~l; of t~e ' ({p.-._at.•8~~~4);. ·.. ·.• · .. ·,. .l ..

. . . :witn·~·ss·e?: "[Link],. it· need= ··not' be· · ·

· · signe.d by the testator: (fernc1ndez. v. ·. ,.-

. - ~019 SAN-BED.A. LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR--bPERAT.IONS_., 269

 SUCCESS.1.0.-N
SAN BE:OA lA!"V CE!I/TRA~IZED BAR OPERATIONS-. MEMORY AID 20"19

. I .
Requisites to avail of the Doctrine of Liberal Acknowledgment. ts the act- of one ·»1ho has
· Interpretation: . . executed a deed· .in .. going b_efor~ [Link]
a. Defects arid imperfections· must be in the competent officl:!r or court· ai:id declaring it ta be
, .· .. form of. the attestation qr. in the language .,... . his 'act Or deed .. It involves an ·extra step
[Link] (CIVIL [Link], Art. 80$); . . undertaken whe~~by .. the. signatory-' actui31ly .
. . ,. b. There [Link] badfaitfiforqery, fraud; declares".to tbe notary public that-the same [Link]
or undue, and· :improp~r .pressure and or her' [Link] an_d de~d (Lee v;
Tambago,
influence, in the 'execution ·0f the attestation A.C_..No. 5281, February t~; 2008):.".. --
cl~LJs.__e""(CIVIL CODE, Ad, {309);-and .
c .. Jt must be proved that the'. will was in fact The. acknowledgment in a notarial will has a two-
executed and · attested · i'n'. substantial- fold 'purpose: · · · _ .. . .
· compliance with all t~~ requirements of Art, · a. To safequardthe testators wishes long after :
805 (JURADO;.-Succession; [Link].78).. '· . hi§ demise: and ·
. .. . .· · · ., . ' . b .. Toassurethat his estate is adi:ninister.e9 in
tt -rnaythus be stated that -the rule,' cJ.S ·it now. the manner .that he intends it to be done
· stands; is [Link] supplied , ' '· ·. ·. (Le.~ TambagQ,-A.C -, 5281,}=e_bruary vi N.o.·
by an examination -of the;_Wfll"_its~lf,. Without the ,. · . · :12~2908). ·· ~- . . .. -.
-need of resorting to extrlnslc-evidence, wi_ll·, not ,. ··- : . . · . · ·.. . .:' . . . -

u.N. .
be fatal-and, correspondingly, would not obstruct . : A not~nal_._v,:111 that·i~ not ac~nCl~ledged ?~fore ~
.r : • •• the.': allowance to . probate- of' the will b~ing . ,• -.._~otary-pubhc -~~ _l~~: ~e,st~_to~ ~nd th.e ~1tn~sses ~.
assailed. - However, those:' 1~~[Link]~l_ly_defecJ_1ve, even 1f 11 is_ sups~nb~d and ..
[Link]-''''hich
ca~no! ~,!? suppli~d'./~~~~pt, ?Y~Viit~e alpfJf!.t!,_.
$~Qr~ tol~fq~e the-rJ~t~~ _1~1Jbhc.(Az(!~la v. C:\' .
. - -~ould res~1~_ 1n_ ttie ·inv_~1~·da!1onJ>'."9,e_aA:~1~n-- '. -~ ; _Q:-~·t?,·. ~~~o'. .~~;,';12!.
2Q?~)- .: 1. _. .: .. ·

,· ~e _nc;,ta~p~bh,c before ·"'."'l'.l~rp the _:,vi!I was . .

4f _.
cl~use.a~d- ult1mate!Y., o~ llJ.~,''"'.4!.[Link])elL,t~[Link]'a. d
_. v.. 9.A, _G.F.?. N~-~ 103554; ~aY. 4~~,3). . . ~ck~·~t~~ed c,~~~?} c~·~,sid~r-~d:a$ lh~ t~ird ?.~
,- . -. . · . . __,fl:J::) ,{.- -.. , '- . ~ · ;/{_. m~tn:in:i_enJaP-w,in.ess_ ~,mce he_· cal)not
The -.ru!e. !lltJSt ~~ hm_1tedft? disregard~ _9_ th~s.e . ,./)... ·.. . _acl<~owleqgt oefg'-\[Link] his having. sign·ed
-defects_-~h?t ca_~ be,sUpJ;ll~~- b_y/an ~xamu;iat1_~n r;f'\ -:-the:->~ill (~~!>;JJ._
'{illas"or,·.G.R:· No. L-32213,
_ of the. w1ll 1ts_elt. .. _ . j' Z / :- .{ "·· ~;~'"""' ~--
_. a. ·-Wh~tt)er: all the. pa~~[e'·conse_cut!Yely.i"'-':jl:\. ·~,;,-- _ ,.., ._.·.
! ,. .,.,
1: .. NuvJmber 26'r.'19731: - .
f~- · . · ·
· . . ·. . · · .
· · ·. · :_ · · ·. · · .. , _:
'· .. ·m,im.~e_r_e_d;·~-,- .· ... l.~~.1- \-,i-;:V,V · ~-~\j~J~_-Th-~ Q,Ot~ty~P,U6!isJmLi~t IJ(i_ dulY, c~!~tr-nis~ion~d '
~· yYh~ther t_h~. s_1g_na!ures ?P!;>_e~\~r:tJ}c~--~l'.l. ·.-r.-c"'""". · · - · forl}K:t:(~Jocaji,ty~fre·
t_he · ~i;:kr\owlecj_gment, is..
· ·
, .
·: e~e_ry .P~_g_~; --~~~t~~f)t~~ · ·s~f~i~9jq .. !f)~.:--~9~~?the~!s-~·.tp~ ho_t,ariz?tio~·---:-:aod t~[Link]~: ·. t ·
__ w,tne~[Link]:\~~ee;~~,n~. _\ --~;\ l2B .c,:,1Yf _ ~~Jl'-.-,o~{v~!d. .f.-~:
_a,c~_ri:?w1e~9El_lT)en! taken·
c: IJYh.~ther, the .will wa~9tal"tzed (9a. ~~ v · -o~¢ide,---,/he· t_e~r [Link]~f..}tn;11t~- _of· l!J~ · o~~c~f's·.__ ,
.. ,. -~A, -~.R. No. __ 1035?4.'.'. ~~~_y-~[!~1~99~. '. -. •. -j~r(sdicti~~ is voia as_·.1f t~~ p~r~_~n tal<i1;1g:Wwere· ...
;_ I Sc1EN{\hw!)..91f~"".l!how'off\c;i_al_-~hc!ract_El.r_ (Gu_{j(rero v, ..

:ft
. '- > • ' '· .- .• • ,' •• •. • •• :_"" :' •• • •• .-••

•· ·· . ·A!I t!wse-are fc;icts t~at_ th.e:w_1J~an aJJ,_@~"~;;;B7his,-"G.R{No.1?4·14.4,_.Ap"ri! 1.=t; ~007).· · . .·

.·,,.. ' defes:ts·[Link]-'om1_ss1ons:..eori~m111.~;,,ttie}lf1~. ·\..\,\b~/· ,· . :-; _·.· :· . . . , '
'">:";,: ,. .
· ·· ·t~_e _atte's!.~,tion· al~µse·9a:n_ ~~_sa_fe!~i~_r,.e~~(2~<;L. ·tt1A\:'f~~~!v_ilS.<?d~:~?~s~npt- require t~at·the s_igr:iing : .•
· · -~---. But the tota/-numb_er.oppage~;--and wh~the,;,;glJ··.. · 7'~f"tfi~~test~toL·w1tnesses and [Link]·shou!d·be: .
<Pefsbtfa: required to· sign. dfd-so·irHhe /jresence .. - . : '. ac'ctir'nplished,. in 'one :single:·act.(Ja:ve/lana V- . ~- .. ·
_. : . . :; . . _. ·aL.ejj_ch other "mu~t [Link]·appf~r"[Link]~ _, :, • ·-.- Le"desmq,· (fR:°"No~L.:.f1-79, ,lune 30, 1955f:. ... _ ,.,;__· .. ·.
:_-: ·atf(jf$(aJ~oh."G!ause;:"b~i1?9 (h_e-qnJy·c;;hec_kag}iTnst· ' . ·- . . ·.· -:-:· - ··: :: ... \ ·.. ,· ·' -·:· ·.... · .. ·. ·. .-: . • . , ...
. pei-ji:,ry_ 'in the .probafr/:proqe~ding_s -"(Ca(leda' v. ,
Affixing_of <;locumeotary-starrip is_ not.re_quireiJ for · . · : .-,
,. · ·- · .. ·. ·: CA/G,R. No; ·103_~_54;_Mat.-?..B; 1°99.3): · · ~ . . , . : :validity,'( Gab_ucan:.v. Mania; _G."R:,No.·L-5,1546,. · . . . .
~·· ·. - · . · ._ · '.-.· · · -, · '·.. · · . -"'; · , ~- ' .. ' -· '· .' . Ja~u_ary~Z.,8,1980)".: ·:·· ..... >_:. · ;: . · · ·.· . f :
. V'{tl~.n l~~- attestatjbn· clau!:i_e ,~tro.ne9usly _states·:··. ·:·. ·.

:.-ormriary wm'~ : ·.,· . · · · . _. :_ ·,._ .. _ · · . · _. · < · _.

·. : . _·.. -· . the number, of:pag!-'lS-.O.f -the will, ·the-Court [Link]" . . Addftfona(Pointers on Formalities .of Notarial or
. , ·. · ·. . <:tflcft- ~h~- -error-::.y1s - not -)i1.~terial:. sfnce·:the- : .
_. paginatiori "in letfers' was· a:·sufffcieht_safeguard.:· 1, _· oafe ofWiW:· . . . . . .:; . .
.,· -of--tlie wilts·j"nlegrity ((;:e"/ctda v. Avena, GJJ. No.. ·. ,· · N(pT an e:ss_ential p9rt {3,TO¥£;NTINO, Stjprp-at-··
. · - · 1~s5~5,_ June 30;· 2ooaf' · ·· ·. · · · .... . · '. · ·· 100;: ' ·, . . :. _. ·.. · · ·. , _.: ·. ·, · ·_ _ . ·
7. ·· N~tarl~l ·K~[Link]·~~~~t .... _- ·-:-, ': ,: .-.. · ... ._:: . · ·" -~e,~Jici_n:· IL ;o"tJJd\rni t~-; da;ed_ ._1n}t~ -.~;fariql i '.·.
Done before :a notary ·public by 'the, tesfatcir ana· .. ac_knowled.gment. ·
the_"instrumer:itai \vhn.f:!is~s~--( GIVl4 · COpE, Art;.. . ·:,
"806). . · · . · ·. . . . · _: ·, C,[Link]~n the ·dates c!PP$~fing ·an the will . ·
· ddes riot' [Link] the, document because the .
,. . 'la~ .does_ not even. requir~ ..that
I ·, . . . a 'notarial will _be
. .

270 · 1 2019 SAN :SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR dPERA TIOf'!S

 SUCCESS·IO-N-
SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS·- MEMORY AID 2019
- . . . . . -· . .
IM • 'i2# ~MMY:!W69ii Sr:'n4s:.#k%!4 :!RkiiMit #& · W' N Mfaf ¢ 'A?NhiW' SB fi\ ... §I #P"1~GM:;;. e . 2jW& , : fu J fs& P 2i BIR.-..

executed and acknowledqec on the same . .· Interested Witness

.. ·. · occasion (Orteqev. vetmome; [Link]: 157451, · A. person· attesting the. execution of a will fo
December. 1'6, 2005).. . · whom or tq whose spouse, parent,. or child,, a
.devise pr legacy: is give'n (ICIVIL:_CODE, A°ri. 823).
2. Additional-Requirements for Special Cases .
a. Deaf or-Deaf-Mute Testator · · . 1=,ffect~f of being ~n: interel?ted'Witness:
i:. -Personal reading of the will, if able-to do · a·: · He ·shall be admitted as a witness; but
· /'' · so; or' . ·: . "; b_. 'fh·e .. de~'rse ·or· legacy, so .·hr .only as
... ii. _ If not possible, designatio'n-qf :.two (2) concerns him, his·!:ipouse, pa·renl or child, or
. ·.. persons . to . read the . will and- . ·any one ciaiming [Link]-th~m. 'shall
to
J

communicate. him, . in- some _be: .void., .unles?_:· there. are three other
·practicable·.'_ manner, .the· contents · compet~nt [Link] · to such· will (CIVIL . :
thereof (CIVIL CGDE, Art.. 807). · COD'[=, Art. 8_23j-. ·. . . · ... ·.
.· ... ... .

• .. ·1n,a case. where the te~tator did not read the . . . --- Note: .The ·.persons, --n-anied· in .Art'. ·823 are
. fir:iaLdraft .qf.. the ~will, but th~. lawyer. who. : · . [Link] [Link].b0'Ln9UDc,apacjtc!!~d~ a_s_
drafted the document ·.read the saine aloud . · Wit(lesses.
'(3-PARAS;·supra
. - . at·-130.F
..
· · .··· ·
in: .tbe _presence' of th'e . testator;. three. (3)
c·redible'Witness · .. :
witnesses, and notary public, the Court h~ld
: . It: rneans, compet~.ot;, · yvitness, · that Is.: such·
. _that the formal imperfections- should : be-_ ·•
person as ~g're not legally disqualified from
brush·ed aside wheri the spirit l:>·ehind th~ law
. te'stjfying in courts ofjustlceby riascin of mental .
was · served- though: ·the let~er. was· £no
. incapacity, . i~terest. -or, the commission of . '
(Alvarado. I(;· Gavioia, G.R. No. -74695,
crlrnes.: or. other. causes exGluding· them· from
.... ·._ Septerrib_~r ,1.4,-1993): .
_-......._testifying . generally- . (JURADO, . $UCC$SSion, .
supra at:i11J)_:' · · .. · ·
b.
[Link] ... ': -' · .. : -. ,: :_.: · .- ~-
. _A: m_ef ~~a_r~i'(on ·thli: est~_tE~ pf: the. ~~stator_'for
.>

i.

.., . ii.-
· · Ure. ~ayme1;1.t. bf. debts due at -the time oJ. the
_ _-te5cW{\:ir·~ ~~at~:'u,~~-s: r~ot-~r~v~n.t_,~is .. ~r.~dito~s '. . -
. frorri being""'Co~pet~nJ' 11tnesses::to_. h!s. ~111 _ ·
·(C~V.l_~:11.~-824). . . _.,. .· _. . ·· · '· -
. Note: [Link]. i; qualified_ to. make a wiif is ·, ·
,._ ........~'"'"not necessarily qualified to· be .a-wltn¢~s to the ·
,.,_.._. (J(JRApO, ·succes_sio,:,,'_sopra at·
,-'w;.;...i""'ll""'o"""f·..:;.-'anot~et
._}1;3). ··. : ·. ·. __·.__ .. ~- . :·::_. .. '. - .·_ •• ..: _· : : .
. . Eff~~~- of Sub·s·e~qu;[Link]~o~p~t"el)cy . , . ,,
3.: ·. ,·.yvit_n:e~$ t~:N_Qtc!rial}''Vil!~ . · · 1nhe:wit'rle'sses. att~sBn·g the ~~ecutiOri ota' will ,
.Requisites: (D-CRABS). · · ·· : · ate .competent ·at"ti'ie-tirne oFaftesting: their
a. Any person-of.~[Link] ~nd --, -.. . . ~e'comjj,g. ~UQl?~que_~tly ·.~hCOQl_Petent s~all' not
b. At the ~ge·o(eigbteen '(1.B)·yea}·s cir more;_ prevent .the allowance of-the will (CIVIL·C_QDE,
c.' Not'§l!nd~ a~af or duhlb; - ·. . ·. . . · . ·-: Art; 822). · · .. -~ ... · · · .· .: ._ · . . .
. . .·
d ... Ablel'o.Re9d ·and wri(e, may be' a witness to
: . :... :· th$'··exec'ution of a will rr1e.nti6necf'fn Article - · ~--1h'e .comp~t~-~~Y- ~fa·-~ittieiss: to~ WiU is b~:· i~
: . :8Q5" 9f the . Civil° Code. (CIVIL CODE,. Ari. . /.d~termined ·~s. of thetti_me of t_lie.ex:ecutiori of the
- .. ··. ~2of, .· · . ._ · .· · ·. · -~nstrument, ·and not as bf:tlie. trme when the will
· ·. :' -· e.- ·, Domiciled in the:.Philippiries;, and · · · .. . is presented [Link]· (j(/.RAQO, .Succession,
. 'f ...-Has not been fon~ictea by fin~I judgm~nt of sup,:aat113)-:.-._ ·.·_··. --~'·.·.·-::_ · ·
. . 'falsification of a a~cument,- perjury,_ or false_
·~;w
··,:·
" .... . '._,·

·': •,. -:- .. . · ..· testimony .(.CIVIL,' (?ODE,· Art.-.8?1). _..- .-.~ [Link] Will·
. . .. .. . .
_ [Link].s'ubJect to no [Link] forni;-and-~-ay be ma9e in "or
(_t.·... . -~. . .

. Note: ;\witness ne~d noi\riow th.e contents of.· · · .out. of _th(:) Pliilipp_ines, arid rieed not ,be,. witne,ssed_.
.:me~'will, and need not' be-shown· to_have 'had.·a .. (CIVIL COQE,'Art. 810): . .' . · . '._ ..
·: good [Link]-_the_ commuriity'-·wher.e he. lives
,• .. ' .. ,. . . ,

(JURADO,·S,uccession; supra f!H 1·0) .. . The [foctrines· ·. qf Libe,ral _ Interpretation · an~

. Subs!antial _C,ompli_arice, as, appli_ed to orc;linary or ·
; ... notariai:wi!ls, carinot be applied to holographic wills
:. (JURADO,·Succes ..sion, supra at 94).

2019 SAN BEDA_LAWCENTRAUZED BAR OPERATIONS I 271

 ., · . .
s·uc·cEss..ro.N .
SAN BEDA [Link] BAR OPERATIONS-- MEMORYAIO 2019 · · ·•
1#&:,ca; .SAwee•fu1tZ±h'..,<1&'%YMAA#Zi &¥+4t#koli~.&#ij
• ·m1!5:t·· WiRi&\t?aWSfS%5iik:S
. kP@ZWSff$Mt-2BFSSi·Wt!il¢!?
. . -· . '.. .· . ·. . . -
. ' .
. Reason: The law exacis literal compliance with the· . · When [Link] appearance of fraud, bad faith,
requirements of Article 810 (Id\ .. undue influence and .. pressure;. - and the
. . . .: authenticity of th.e will is -established.: a'r1d the
Purposes qt' Strict Compliance: " [Link] is [Link] not the date "FEB. 1961;,
,.1: Safequard the. authenticity of the will;.and appe-ilririg·Qn' t_tl_~-will is'-~ .vaiid~cbmplianee·.with
2. Deter." or'· prevent any , possible . insertion _cir . Art.' 81.0., probate ofthe h_ologr~phic;: will .shoind
interpolation b.y others' or .any possible forqery __, be alloWed· under the pri?idple orsubstantial
of
· <, ·

... (Id.):. . . . . · compliance (In ·the matter [Link] Estate

. " . . .. Andres de Jesus and-f3Jbi;/na Rexes de
Jesus;
Formalities: (WDSL). ~- _. , _ . . '- G:R.-No: L:-38338, January 28,·19.85)'. · 1
1. "Entirely Written·b_y the Hand of-theTestator;' .:.... · -,
. . ~-· ,. . Tl;.le law doest not specify.a. particular location.
· . Effects· of Insertions or lnterpolations by Ttiird where' !t}e date [Link] placed in'the will. The
Persons, ( 3 TOLENTINO, supr~ a.t 1'11-112): · . · onlytequirements are thatthe ·date [Link] [Link]
a:-: If . made. after'.' theiexecution -of : the .. will· . itself and;ex~euted in the· hand .. of the· testator
:_ .wi.t,hout the consent of the-testatcr: ..insertion . · - .. : _._ . :,.'(t'abtador i}; eA; e.e. No: 8384_·:{ April 5, .1990).
_ is -c;:on~iq_ered_'a_S. f:~t ~[!~tej)_j/q:, c,JJ 95)_/' , :. _ ._ · ~:.::'Z:- .. _·.__.,:~.~ ., ':-·.,:.::>.'>.-''X),;',:,. ,)..:: . ,-:· 0•
_-

·,. . · . . ·. · .· _ .:· -. . ·,. · :_3. Entir~ly,§.i_gr:re_d,by!he,[Link],Testator;

Reason: The validi~[Link] the will cannot b,e · .· . ·· ·-. · ~·· · · .·:· . '. .. , .. , .... , ·.
:"·ci.~f~a_te9 by the .rr(attii\\ 6( c?pf.f¢~'."o_!Jbir:cl . ~e-~al- R11le;·:ArL"8/0 ..d.9~s N_OT ~egyi~e tha~ .

. . . ., '··.' . . . :.···.
• ;,,_ ... _-.P.~':s?n~·: ... :.. : .··.- .,:·0 -. _, ~,(
, . _,,. '.". . · r;-4.: )~·,, ·.u,. _
:· l\_··) ~n.t·t~~to~.-[Link]· .. 5..1gn'
---:..JLVs1gnature-:·,,. ··.,. · ·, 'l·.:
J~e·
w,_11,:w1th' ~,s. full
. , ·':.' ,. . ,
•·. . b.' _:.: ·?(f :!fl~d~ a~er the_- execotionfof1'.~ill;~it~ ~ $;' fy>'. ·. ·. . \· '--\ . - ·.': . '- ·'. · . ' . . : . . .
· · •. 1··· :·:}~~: ~drisent-~~ffHe·.~~?!at?_~~~-:~· e·~i_n_i
'&'ill .;; · · ...:.._· ·~ay th~~~tat~[Link]'._by.m.~~ns:?f,a,t.h_Li~.?pr}_nt? ·
: ·· :. vahd bu~ the msei:t1on'lj"V0!9:~i ,· ~ -;.)1; _·. .-:-tT:l:'e ar:tl?'~ dO_!(.S•.n~t ~e.e~ .to·pe~rn1t~t~'.s. as.;_lt
· ,. · · . · . · · '-I~-- ·"' I;:·/ ~"P.' r~ · ~r.r ._r~q~r?s t~A~i ~hou1d: b!:) ~r:i!lre(Y- ~ri!t~n;: dated
c;:·'>·lf. fTl~de a_fter_the .~xi~~-t~of_!,bfJW!.1111,an_d t,{· Lt~: ~_nd ~1gn~?o..bJJhe ~~ncJ qf.. tfle testator._h1mself'
, . t~p 1~~~~1~_n __ ,.s.~a_l~~a;tea: 5{i~~;t~,~ta_t?r by {~(:, __ :_JB':'JfiNE, Sus;plss,on,~upra af'.1<38!. · · -.

· · ·- ··: ··\ -· - . · ··l~, _.._. •,.:t-.·

, · .. ;"h1? s19~a~ur.::Jn~r-~c:i~·;.~wJ)t's.~01?< .... ,r,.-.,, ); : .. -//"',• ,,.·,-... , _ '--}~
1/' ~*
11,l t,,·.k,-EJ:Cception:,
~!-
_, ·:-: .. 2. '>.~[Link].r= T~e.}nse'~tJ~J'>~_co~e~:pa,~· f11e~\'0.1..~'77P'"¥:~can,q~~fo~: ,iw er:~s~re· :,:.. cir .. _ajter.a!Jon : .in . a.
.. -.-_: : _ .. •.-.L.'·.-. _.. · . _ :
·'·In'.· cas!:! ··.··of ;·.:aAy ·1nsert1on, ·.
.· .:-·
.- ': 'v'{i0; · th\is, the _wilt~e~~i;i,.es!-~c:Jlfor ·-non:; ..:--"-\..:: . ho og~l>hic· will, ·1httestatoi:, mu'$f ~uthenticate
.... -. comp]i~nce_wit~·t~t!}lllir~~i'~h. t~a~~8')us\~. · i,i".i. ., t_o.~~~,e.,6~~-fi!zs·· F!.Jll.-.SI_G~_AJ.~RE ·(f!lVjL·
_ ·,' .. · ., .P~_::,~nhrely_ .ymtt~n.
· · · ;- .. ~ 't'e·s·ta'.to'r · ' ~ ·. ":' '.
fJ?.
(11e hand~9 th~ ..]-· •*--(§'f':' G®.f>~;'·Art,8·1.4·)~ · ~ .·' !'. ·: -' '-: · ~. · .r. · ·
-:'.-. · ··· [- .. ~. :i;.~o .. ,d · '-S; . -\Y'.I',, :. ·.Y.~ ·, .-, ,.. · . _ , ... ::- .. -.. . , ~ ·.. . . . , _
:
.
'. ·f~~·:.:·~:..: ... ~ .... · . .~. 1{:·.· .. ·~~. ;'•"··.·~ ... ';·,··~= ,· ..:\. ~-2·:-., .. ;.<·.~-.~ ··.:\:_.·.~~\.,'.,,.....' ... · .\
. .. . ·. __ . . . .. · · , _ _ ·~· ·, .• __ ,· ._. · · .. • . ,-i- , -~[Link]-ily;·, ,:when.;;·.-a,. number::,; 0f,·:;erasures, .
.-. _:. ·.. ct~".!f-'rn'acM:[Link]:~;~·r1eo s':t~ t~~.-~~e,ic:;~co1Pc'ii:1:ins,;(an~.?:.in\~~iinci~ti6qs :iad(:i': by~,the, · ..... \
:.,' .·; _. ' _ · . ~f tl)ew~I, th~ . wil~i~. voi~,· _ .-·1~t~~-to~i~~t),ogr~_ph_i.~~ill ~as_i;iot:~e_eitn'ote_a .
.. , ' ·. ·.' .. ·--:-:.: ':·-,-·,_. ... .-·,. :-.·.>: ,, ·,,:{·;_:;._{!·: ·fJ..!61:1 . . · ufi~~~:'1W.(sig~ature,- __t_h~ ,w1U.,!S ne>! t~~re~Y: .
. . .; . :
·. -~:
'; :," 0- ~t,'!:1~'01),;::Will :is:net,~:?-tir~!Y~y,:rjtt~t~·b'fJb,e,
. .., . .- . h;:[Link] t~stator, ,, - . ". .-.., · .
j ....
.. · > _ ,
M.
A.l~~aJk'd,a,t~d. ~\ ~/-Yt~l~~:8~.t~:·~t.:
• • c~spects the;p_art1cular,:.[Link];:corrected,
mp~t,~~2'.'f
·~s
...,. - .
·~.,
:
• • •• • ••• _,.
, .. · .:, .. -: .... ·.,_
~- •• - ~ ,l •• •• ·- .......
.. , -· .. . • ,; ·.. ,.:·, ,, . rs:,~ :~· -.~ : .1
,.,.., .- - •
. ·.
• - t.
:- ·1·· ·d.~(Li< 't,. .. "'R·-· .,;-
· o.r.- 1.n er me
G r1 ·N··~~L ..
. ,-.:a 1:3w .• .v,.: .. e QVcl;< · .r<., o., · -
;'::'/}, . 2f··En:fikeiy:Qated)~'§,ttii:fffan~):ifthlt~~Jitbr.; ,.·. · ... __;,~0207/S°iipfe}nber•2FJ/1984:}:;.!:;;··,.,·: ·'\.: .:_,t/ ·-:
,· : .".'_.· :··._ ;· .. .:~ ,:.:,,'· .::·. ::::.·: .· ::' ... i,::-~-~-·:~;,.:~··.. _ ~:.-;,:_.·, .. /. ·-r- ...:.>·., ,,./· . . ·:.t:..:-.<'·i ...... "·
·:~ :~?:. _,· . ~.a~¢- ::.:}h~ "daH,i'.')n:· ;f~?.rogr-ap~i~ :1i1~·s59~1d. ·:·· _ . =[Link]~~e~e~:· -~tien:~~i~:[Link]:e:;\th.e.:-~otowa·p~,c... . ·· " •
-.. , .' mcl_ude.-the~day, .m~i:i.tt1;,a1Jd: )'~_af:P.M~:.e.x.~_q:it1qn · ·. · ... · · ·.·IJ\(!1!:·'An::-·· d.1~put~ :~ .hai-::.only'.; ,_oner:- .s.ub_st~n!1a~
,. ;; . (fo>5as .Y, Qe, J.~sus,' Ur..,_ .. q.R,.: · No~ ,'k:_~£]33,8, .-: ;.pfo~i§I_OI);' whfu.h was':al_ter.ec;I-. byJubstit\:iting· th'e
, <,< . :, . · 'January·.2f3,·.-19fJ5). · [Link].-an_.es~[Link]~l_pa'rtof a· . 1 · . . or_igin$[Link]:. [Link] · [Link], qut·. which.:.'a!teraiio6
> ;;, ;·~ . ·:· ·. t)qlqgi:aphjc·wii1.· ·, : ·- .1-·f ._ , __: '-' · \ :,.,, .:·, : :·: · c!fd: npt:.c.~rr:y·the·:,[Link]: o'f fuJC·autti~'nticatipn·
. _:.<. · . · ,. _·. -; : . · . . ·,~ 1 _.'.': . - ··
;"·:; ·:::. . . · - . · •• ·:' :!-by·..ttie:.;tu11, si~r')attfr.e.i;9/,:!He\t~~tatorr:)tt.i~ · eff~cit.
'., . 'Reason: So thari'n case·ofa'[Link] of flis wil.l; . · , · miJ§[Link]':thaf·[Link],[Link]·.is voi,ded-'br revoked
·: ui~t of-_t~e Jate.r ~9_te:~·.s,)[Link]~ ::o~(P,,ref~r~d\a·s.: : · -ro:r>th~-~iHJplf
re.~}~n -th~t,,hpthi.n!iHernaJ~sJp 'i lrye. ·
. , ·exwes~i11g,.truly -ttieo'last \vilr~_a~d. te{ta~e.n,t_-'(3 · · · : Will'after tt'l'at--wfiith could teinain 'valid: Td state·
'·· .:PARAS/Stipra~al~!1,0J:'f :'.,. ;_(\'.·~·_::::.:. \:.' \. / ;,-'. ·, .thahtiie/·wmta.s:.:first; -wri~en,'-Sh~.uJ9):,e~\giVen<. ·
. . . , :e~?·a·cY: i~. (~lqisr,~gard. .t~·ei_~te,i;piB~~:<;:ti~~g-8. of·· _
.. · .N~fe': · F~ilure·-. ~r.: error. tc:k:St?t~·-,,t.h~?p1:ace. -~L ·. ·l'fU!ld;_oft~~ t.e~t~.tnx_.·ByUh~t c.fia_r:ige!.of_m.md, (?.an · ....
· . · · [Link] . · will' .\nor.. --invalldate-'. ·th·s ·, .. [Link] ; . (3 . · n~Jthe'( b$ ·[Link]:ef(ecf~beca~:S.e:· sti.~:".'f~il~d ·to. · ('·
tOLENTINO;:supra:at 1b1j\ :1-·: • \ ·, ·_\ ;,.· ·, aujhenti9ate· it in ,the1 manner.re_tjt,Jire.d·by law by_· .
. . -. · · ~). ;.. · ::·· . .~ . .~lfi~[Link]·_her fu-11.$.[Link] (K8iilw.V. ~~-{ovfi, ..~G~k.. · .
."' · •:. : ;.-~ ,·. ·. · ·N6:La40207, .September-28,.1.984). . :, ·• ·
.•: --:. ' . .. 1 ..,
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· • . · . · ,SAN BEDA LAW [Link] OPERATIONS - MEMORYAID 2019 .' • ~ •

a:R<\&Si~IMM~WHll!Wiiiitfi}. llj&ir ¢Z$\!\\!WWf¥.\! • ?lfl'IM!l§§\i&iiN\¥11 l?aidikl9£@ i!¥ Ail1¥tAA'iW$$ < ., \IWAW:i1Aflt2AA@iW#r;'l
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4. Executed in a .[Link] or Dialect known to AdditlonalPointers. on Hoiographic Will · ·

the Testator; . . • : ' 1. probate of-Holoqraphic Will (CIVIL CODE,_ -·_
. There,' ls no- statutory requirement that the , Art. 811)·. .. . . .
· testator's '. knowledge_ .or- -understandinq · of -the ... '. ~erieral- Rule': <The-_original of the. holoqraphlc .
. , lan'guage. Qr dialect [Link] thewil! is-executed . : . will should b'e· presented to the· [Link] for
.. should [Link] either- in the 'body of the-will . . . visual examination. ~ ~
The• law,
L
· considering
.
the.
-.

. itself or in the attestation clause. Consequently, special hature of holoqraphicwills as well as the
it is ·a-matter. that rnay b:et established by proof 's'P,ed~i . requirements for their- probate; reqards
aliuride ('JURf:100, Succession, supra at 5$). :' the do'cument, itself as ·materia] ·. proof. of .
; . ·.. . . . ·:· ·. ···: .: · r:;~-· .. > - . .-:.~_ .·;. ' ·. :): ·: ._· .: ·authe~ticity . (JURADO; .Succ_e·[Link]'h;. ;upra
. . . - . ., . . . . . . , -
. :·. ./,
at.
But where a will is drawnup .in the dialectof a · 98). _. . . "' : '· · !' · .. :. __
certain . locality arid .it 1s established ·,th9t--.~he
testator was livinqin or -was'.a residerit-of-that E'xceptioni A p}1ot6stati~ xerci; cop; ~fa lo;t or
pr destroyed 'holbgraphic will mqy{be'.·adrriitted:
locality, [Link] thaithe wlll
. is drawn up-in 'a language or dia'fect known to . the ... The ··authenticity of- .the h'andwriting of' the
testator, in the absence. of evldence : fo· 'the d_ece_ased can ibe '[Link]. the prol:iate by (
· contrary (Id)· -- .r . -'.. · , ' . : · r: • ,,., . ": · " • ·.,:cour(.:as;-corr{pariso~ ·can_ be 'rriade wiih· the
.. · ·stefridard· writings c:>fthe. testatcir\Gah~1.f ':Yap,

.
~~hi~'j'~ Ca·~:~f.Sµb~:q~:~;~f
• . . ! ... - .
6:i:io:i~i~::: ·, ... /
. .; . . . .)
• :·l••
...••
,..
-· G.R,.-ivd.. L-1i199, Au{just 30,_ 1958;: Rodelas~i/
· ·. ';:.Ar;n'z~:
. .. .
GR·.- No: L-.585()'9: 'oecember
·. . . :· .
i,:··1ft.B-2)C
. '· .

. . . .
-·· .. M~tteXl>·· toJ>_e· PrnVe·d .. l.>.y . :_th~·.Te_stirnony the.· o.f
,· ·[Link] .·; ·. · , ... ·: · : .... :., '·, · . · ,..- .. · ·. · .. r
.· ... · 1 .. ,Hi·~~-6; ;,s: the:handwriiing a'~~Lsignat~re d-the.· .
. -. . - testator·;.· ·.: .. -,: ·-=.· .. ·. ,; . . ' .. ' . . ·- .... : .
1he.- .:'. : ---. last voici' -'; The dlspositlon ·does : 2:· .The wilUs 'h:i tlie ha.r:idwriting of ttie 't~stato_r; and· -
d'i$posit(en', . ·. IS ·:. . . : . . · not affect the validity ~:· "J:he signature-is i~ the _haridyvriHng of.I~~ t~statbr
. ·s,ign~d:- : .. but, . n:ot · ·,: . ,'·· .:" ·af : · , the·· ; .other ' ' . _ · .(CIVlb.,CODE, Art .. _8-11).: . -~' . · , ..
,·.
dated .. · -.-. -. · · ·
1
. di~p6sitions . or tiie . . ··. . . . ~
~ .. · "will-itself. . .: ., -. . . Doc;ri-~e of Proce~s-ual .Presumpti9~ '.:. .
, -: If. t~.e .fo_rei~n- law .is qo,fpr9perly ple!3.qe1 or.. proyed,.
·r3 PARA.$, supra at 118-11.°9). '""'.:· oyr ·co~rt.s· '¢!tpr!',!sume·that the [Link] is the

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same·:·as our [Link] ddrn~stic: la._w}De/ Socpr~o v. .
It always refers to the [Link] will. If there is entirely
Wils-ein, (}.R: No. 193707; pecember-10, 2014). no -reference at all, [Link] it is considered as the·new
. . . . . . . .
\Niil. If -the . later [Link] · m_akes dispositions
0

Joint Wills . independent of. thcise in· thEr·original. Will, without

A .sincii~ _t~stameritcJry instrument __w~ic;~ contai,:is the ·explaining ·or modifying [Link] wi!I_, then,it is a
wills 9f.-tw·o or more -persons, jointly. ~xecuted by·· new will, not.·a c0d1cil. A codidl is· always related to
them; eitner fo'r _their reciprocal ~enefit or for the · · some_priorwiH(J.·TOLENT/NO, supra at:126)· ..
benefit of. a third,-.person. (JURADO, Successiot1, . . . . ~
~upra at 106): · · · Its execution has the effect of republishing. the will ·as
: ·modified (CIVIL GODE; Art .. 836), · .
Two or ·more pe~[Link] cannot make a ·wiff jointly,· o~ in
the · sam~ [Link]. either. for their· redprocal In ·order fo operqte as a [Link] bf the will·, it is
. [Link]~fit 9t f9rJhe benefi( of a. tliird perspn· (CIVIL . [Link],the'codicii~efers to;th·e·:~ill·insuch a way.
[Link]. 818). qS to le~ve· no· do!,.lbt. as to the ·identity of. that
. . -. 1:
'· instrument (JURADO; Succession, supra:at_ 1-15).
... . . . . .'. ~
tp 'an
. "To be effective, -it should .foliow the Jormalities:of a
-~. .- 0otarial or hole:i°grapt)ic wilr(qtVIL .[Link]=, Art. §26)!

2.

:.-.·

. ....
rot, · .~s ·i, ~~1k, · 'if:·. it.\mSvi~~s
~·

· ..' . ., ' · -<· .. ,,_ . :"-· .. ·. · · ,.. ·i- · :,· ..: ·. ; :· . i/' " , · ;: . ::bo:~·s· · for ' ·a'·j~I( ·
.' : ..... : J9iJ:it,.~flls. ~xec::[Link]!fpici.o? .. iji .a (Qr~ign\;9.un_tiy · . .. .. .
.• ·_ .: ·.. shaJi
1 . · -
pot.
q·e·--v91id-,Jn · the ,Philippine~ .•: ·~:ven,)~o~gti ,.
- · · - priorwill.
r~~q~~ -~ erit!r:ely-,:-· _the. -9!:p:os_ii!..°.11 · :· of,_:~ Jti~·:
· .. _.. · .·:· . · testator s·: estate it ·_r:nay
. ·... · · .: auth_ori~e.d.· qy· the laws·pf.·t~~ .; <;q\.)nt[Y./li~er~, they ·.::-,-,. . · · · · : ... · · ·.revoke .-u,8.· whole "prior ..
: _-, .,__:. m_iiy_have b'?_en.:~xecuted (~f.Y!~
e<JD-~;.Art,::~t9):·· · -...._'- .·· r, - •• : . ~ '"".-·.-. · . [Link]$U/~[Link]::a ·new· :-··
.. ' .... ,. arid last- ·dlsp·;sition ;for
,.... ......,·_·._·
........·,_ .............,._._.-·.............----------,-··-··
..,, . .t~e-"sa~e;./ ... ; ·;~~ - ..
: ..Co1h·61~·. AND. ~N.~ci·
.
~B'<U\A/rio;
..
%: ··. · -
. · . -: ,; . :,i. -. ~.. ~
. 'B.Y· .[Link]~~I.'ICE-.- :.-., .. :-.: ·. ;, • . · .. · .. · . · . - · .. . ,- .
~· ·: -;- ',- M . .- ·.,, . .": , '..: >: ,,. ·,: .. ,, - · . -~ ,:: . ·A:,.:<wil(·; ancf? .codi.9il ·:-~ :,>p'r)9t}'.wiU: ,fo.d:'::·:a· .
-
:
.. ..
_ _:· ,. . . . .~ ... thereto being reqarded .subsequent will, being· · .
Codicil . . . : ~, . . . . asa singl_e·.iristr1,Jmen"t, .two "separate wills·, max-
· . A supplement cir. acidf tio·n to. a_.Wil!, · ma9e. after· the . are_ to '. be. construed b~ ·. · .··. .. _conslru·etj
e_x~·cution of a iNill._an_d ,[Link]~ed "to be J_clker(as:.11att. . t9ge_ther. inqependentJy of .. each
th~[ebf, by wljic_h1qny dispo$ition ma.c;[Link]:the 6rigf'n·~1 · · . .- · · "· othe'r. . .. · 1 • . :··.:-·.
, wili i~- expla'ined, added to; br altered:(CIVIL:. ·coDE,
Art. 825). . . . . _(DE L_~ON, Suc~ession, supra·at 177).
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Incorporation by. Reference . · 2. If a holoqraphicwill (with [Link]) refers

Where a will, executed as required by the Civil 'Code, to a document entirely written,' dated, and signed
incorporates into itself by referend~ any document or in the· handwriting ofthe testator, there can also
paper _(.CIVIL CODE, Art. 827): . ~- .. . -. . be a proper. incorporation' by reference . (3
[Link], supre at 135).
Requisites · for a . \i~lid Incorporation by·
· . Reference: (EQIS or SIDE) · . . ·
:1. · The document or. paper referred to in the will
must be in Existence· at the time of the execution REVOCATION OF.W'ILLS AND
· :· of the will; - , .·· ., -· _ · · : . · · . :
TE"STAM)tl.'•.J . TARY DISPOSITION
2. ·· ·The wili must clearly Qescribe and identify the·
same, staling arnonq other thinqs the number of .
pages thereof; · · . .. , . Revocatlon . ' · . .
. 3. It: must be Identified by clear and satisfactory . · 1t· is an act" of the mind; terminatinq the potential .
proof as- th-e document or . paper referred · lo ' 'capacltyof the will to' operate at the death of .the
. therein; and. . . . . testator, ·manifested by some .outward cir visible act
4. · It, must be- .§igned by the testator· and. the' . or sign,· symbolic thereof (JURADO,. Succession,
witnesses on each and .every page, except in . ·sopra "a( 116). . . . - ·-. . . .
. case. ot. voluminous· books. of account· or
·.. inventories (~~Vil:. COOE/~rt. 827). ·. · · .. · A ·.;_,ill may b~ r~yok~d .b.y . t~e t~·stator ··at an.y time
, before -his deatj1-. Any_ waiver qr ·restriction ·of this
Note: The{ exception .in the fourth requisite refers right is void (CIV~L CODf=,. Art. 828).
only to the. signi~g ofalt page_s; while,riot every page .' . . .. . . . . \. .. .
has to. be signed, there must. be a signature on at , Nature and'Effect of Revocation · · .
least several pages (3 PARAS, supre at 134). · · . tJpon~tion, the_ ,.;.,ill or. tes_tamentary ·?ispositi~n·
~ : : • . •• • • t. . •. . • ~

· . .intended to"/.t'Je. revoked :ceases to exist., and 1s

/aJ
. · ··inoperati_v_e if. it has _ neve·r been writ_t~p .. A _will .
. . : bein~ a ujilateral diSJ?Osition of property, acqu1r~~
. - _bind_in·g; forceJo~ly_ at th~ de~th of:the._testator, 1t· '·
· follow~ tliat no present_ rights are ·conferred at the
time : ofliU, J'xecu io~ .and ·. no- title vests_- in the
. benefic~l)I during_.JPe life of"'th~ t,estator euRApO,
Succession,. -supra at .. 117). ·

. . Wh~n. in a wiil, reference is mad~ t~~~n invef}tory of. Rul~~ for·Re~oc'atioh: ... ' . . '
.. the properties ofthe testator, which has tHus be.,.en. · 1. · If revoeation. made in the· Philippines - follow
made :part of the _will, and ·the ·.'t:'.ill has_,'], a_ttesta1}qn : Phi_lippi1ie Law · · . -~ · .: .. . .. :
clause that· meets _the requi~em~n.t~ ·at,_~.h: laf.-rt n_o 2. ff [Link] made ou'tside the. Philippine:S
attestation clause is necessary for the sa1~~nt?ry a. lhestator is not domiciled in the Philippines: .
anymore (Unson v. Abellc~,.G.R. No. 17857, J':'ne .12, . i. . Follo.w the iaw of the pl<Jce where the
1922).- '• - . · . will ,.;.,as ·made ;r. .. . ··
. . . . .•..
. . ·. ii. . "Follow' the lc:1w of the place "\,'fhe~e the .
Provisions which are in the· nature ot-tastarnentary ~ · testator' was doiniciled.a't the time of the .
. disposttions mustbe contained in· the will itself. . . 'revoca~ici'n (Art:'829 of [Link] Code)_._
· b. If testator domiciled in the Phili'ppines (This
.Par~le evidence . may. be .adrrntteo. to prove' the . s{[Link] ii/not governed·by Art. 829)
identity of .the .. document 'as incorporated _(3_ i. . Follow Philippine law; or' ,
TOLENTJNO;- supra at 127): ii. .. Folldw the law of the ·place o.f revocation
. . ' ,.·.
of
. . (Art,17 th.e Civil Code} . . ..
From the fact th'at.'Art .. 827 (4) "of .. the civn Code · iii.., Folldw . the ·1aw 'of the-place· where_ the.
speaks of 'witnesses," it isreasonable to belie_ve that- . · will was .made (by analogy with· thl3 rules··
as a. rule, ·· only notarial. ·vyills can have this on r"evocation. "wheri the testator: is a .
incorporation by reference. However', it is submitte9 non-Philippine · domiciliary) (BAl..:ANE,
·that: · · . · . . · ·· ·.' · · succession, su{i_ra at'"184).
1. If a, holographic. will' happens to- have at least
three-credible and qualified witnesses, there can
be a properjncorporationby reference; or

2019 SAN BEOA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS I 275

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il'~tAffe!·'.~'lS·t 1!lt 5$i@IM&b'fo·W tWZ f?W:ti18l'l'$:1piltSCRJ•:t·J,.;,.ffl.c%'S ti~ ii#iitmfiM h4 iiiWIIMM' Sl"',r1Wfe.'.\3f .. :t &'fm

3. By Destruction of the Will (CIVIL CODE, Art. Burnlnq

·. 830) - ·. . There· must be atleast aburninq of a [Link] the ·
pap~r on which the .~il_i is ~ritten, although a very
~equisites:.(TJf-AC) . slight· burn will suffice (JURADO, Succession,
-a. 'Performed by··the..-Iestator..himself. qr by. -· ~upra at 1.26)'. · · ·.
some otherperson in his presence, and by
' · his express, direction (Id._ c!l 123); . It is· sufficient .if; a smalLpart··of the in'strument
Ett.· . · ·., .:' u .·· .-.;-: · · < · ., . . it~e1t be burned ~ven though' the entire writing
_ ,·: _, A; ect of. nauthorized, Destruction .
will_,..m'ay- 'irn1_.- pe proved as los! or
· ·· If b
itse
- · ·
e left u_ntouc~ed (3,P~RAS;}uera at-140).
·

· ··. : destroyed: However, this- is. possible .only if· i · · ,. .. . · - · ' : .' · .. · ; . · -:.- · ·
. , . If the document · itself' is.: not- burned, even·
thewillis .. [Link]!=)d'..ifth~ will is holoqraphic, partially, but o(i(y.·. [Link] in which .. it was - .
. ltcannot be probated if it-is lost. even if the . . . .
toss qr destruction was unauthorized, ( Gan ·. pl~ced [Link], the're ..ls no revocation of_t~e ·).
. '":- . v - · .. · ,. - w1Jl.-But [Link] of the will threw it upon
, ·,_ , ....· ·- [Link], ..G:R- N_o. L-12190, Augu?t 30,: 19,58), the-fire with -~he [Link]'.to revoke:·,atfd·rit·was
::··, u_nless.§ copy su':'.ives. -_ ' . 'bJrne~ . throuqh. in- t~tee .places« ;_thi's.' :was
'. · R~iitication :ara~:
unautfiorized destruction-. 'considered a:.:revacauon.i"althou!ih 'th~·.[Link] .
-; \ · is however, .permissible. provided · sufficient '/eniaihed;. intact.. and alth~)U9hkit: WJS rescued
: . proof bf .this i~ pr~sented ('3· PARAS, supra ·. and-.,!preserved·'WithoLik·the 'krisi\vledge. of.· the
·<at.149). _ ·. :"~ ... _ .· · ... · . : .. ·,. ·... _'···.. test~tor (3.'((,)~ENTIN?;:s~pra·a{'.~5r .: ..>
.. ' .• : . ~; •. ·:··. :.. ,. •... ,._ . ·-i· . .. · ... · . . . . . ~. •, ·. .. . . . ·.: ·. .•· . ::_~-- . _.l., _. • _· _· • .,. • '

. N.¢te:. Jf · .burnea,-. -tom.- · ~ancelled, ,o .. ,[Link]. · ·. , ! · · - . . ·:·. · ·,•· · ·

~l;).lit~_ra_tE!d py\~ome.-other. per?.ori;.,\yi,thou,t : :· ·. ·[Link] :a91 of te_qrin·g i9.·gener~lly.-held suffieient; ; .

. . .. . ttl~,a~Xpress,.di~eCtj~n df,Jhe te~ta(or: t.h~ill . . . ·although. t~e· greatenhe ;Q¢~_re~ Of tea'ring the ..
··: ,·· • i .~?Y)~~i)l-·j)~:; ~sta__ .Ri)~h~.9,-:: .. ~na ?th~state ft . ·
s_trq2ger. is;.t_~~:·pres_umptic:in t~_at)h~· instrur:nent_
· ·. · d1~tnl;>uted -. ,in· - accordance , therewith· .< I
was torn with animus· rev9cand1 (JURADO; ·
·-· .. .[Link]: .the follo~ing ·. are established~' :·_- · ; . SUccession;:supra a"r,1-26):·· -:_ . ,, . .._:·· .. · .
; ,,.._· ·. (CpF) ([Link]; supra a 138)..· .. · > . · . . ·. · · ·_ · ·-f:· . ·. • ·;:.J .':: . /. :· • :. , -~ >
. . , \: . ·c.o~t~n~s;.: : . ··t\/' ~ 'f
.. ]~i~,. :_-:, .... ~:· .· · The ,ac~_op~_arirfg,rn1/s.t1~~(a.~_or~:1PLE;i_-6.·~~T ..
. .. .'· ,-:·~ · ,· !~:·.~ -:pue:exe~ut10:n; -~nd~ -- :~· · QL·. :. _ ·:·. • O_the~1~i· ,1f"t.!_ie. t~~tator· des1st.s_ yolun~a:n)y or.
. . : · - .... > · ..111. ·" F~ct of un'a~thonzlci' destruction::).···'.,"· · _.., · .. 1l1~odgh tJ17 ·pe~~~s.1.~n- .~f pt_h~r~·~eforeJhe act
. . . · -~ · · ·.~ of [Link] <mulct be consummated;th~,act of
.. :_: .. , .. ·-~, :: Iesta1J1entary · _c~pacity_"at,..,[Link] time~tl . . ·: revoc~tiop 1:tas-'r1ot. aiso · oeie.n:._consi.irnm~ted::
. .. _ .' , · pei:fopning, the_. ad qf:·q,estr~tion' (lq.. ft , 1::1en,ce: it pmd~c~s no: eff_ect (/.d:)/.',,: .-,;· ::, · , :<- .
. .. . . 123);·· . ~ . . · . . . t_ •. • ., • '• ,' ·... ''.. ;i .. ·, ... _ ..... - ';',· : -· .· :'. · -~
·.. , ·: --:··:-'c.~ !ni_en~ t~. i-e~dk~. (ani~us1:evo'~and1) · . .. rearing_ of. even t)le -sig_nature-alon~~:ccinstitutes
: . :' . . . :' ~.- ... "'.: ' .,-:· ,. ·. ·: . ·. .. .. : . . . . revocation;;-provided:-.the--·other;·requisites· am
· :. <. ,_ ! .. _:. ~.·. .-:: 'The',in.t'entip·[Link] reivoke)nust appea(~lea'tly , . ·. \' .. : pfes~nt.; This. is bf!Cc)USeJti.~ s1gh~ture· g·o~s 'to..
" .. ··: .'':·· ( aric(.;un:eg1/iy9~·afly~ '.An'_acf of -~ltOctfon .. '. '.': the,ver.y. h_eart._ofrt~~- wifl:N,\PAf.?ASj ·~updl:'a(
. ~--· '.· .' · ..-~· /·whi~.h-is d'oneraccidentally; oy)'riis(ak~.-o(-a:5 _ :.·. . 1_f1_2).. · . · .: .... , ' ·").-1'" ; -~·-:, • "'.'''.· ~- ._.:. ~, :',, .- ' '
· .. ,..-/· .• a. resul.t of fraud, undue· influer;ice, does :[Link] .·. . ·: ·· ._~: " :·-. · · · l" · ::-,,::"'. • '' --., :.. -:, :·. • .. •:. · .· .
. , .. :;_... . OP.~tate.: .9S:,· ,ch.,. r.~vocatidri· '"(Ji/RADO,· .:. : '/:.~HtJmp~y.Q_umpty ~ule· · ..... '. ·. · .. · · . .-·:, .. ~: · ·.:'
, • 1$.u_¢c~ssiph:.~upra at.1?~').: · .. , : ,·:.. .-:::'· ., · . ,, .· _Once'a:_w!l.1:haSi~~en··~orn_~nd revo.k·~d it.c~n rio.-· "!
: . . ·. ·. . , . _.'.-:::, . ,, .\ ,. . '. . . . . _ , . ·> . ·: . · . · ..
-· ·"

1ong_er _b·e revived by-potting the [Link]·together ·

, .. _ .· ... ' :[Link] concur whh an .'· r.. (_f;1~i'.:[Link]: ·Y·f°..'!}?s~ ?.1_2'So.'.:2p:3Z/f ·. _._... : ·
.. · · · · ··. . .. -o~if~,act;.m:ahif~~tin'g1the .[Link]'ijcj~/l'ie,H~·~-r: . . . .. . . .. , · .., , · ~- . . \ ·.: .. :
. . ·. ·:· . · :desJru9tiori ·. without' .interiti~n: ·no'r:.·fnt~nti6n Not~: .··:fhe ·: m~re ,:·ac( of: ''d1;1!1)plin·g_: · or,.. \he ·.
. :. without:' ... destruction·. wouid . result· . . t6' remoyal ..of t~e "fasten~r'.'-b)nding the p9ges of a
:_: :.· · .~·~ :rJy.~e~t!<;>I}. ofih~ will-(id.).: . . ".'. ',i.--: ~. . . · wilLg9~s-;not ~OQ_Stitute. !"¢yoc;,1tion,' evehth_ou'gh-·,
• . .. . . . ,, , , .. . .. _._,.: .... - , ...... ,_ . .. · ther.e/be'.:~(1i[11(!S::fevocandi:·Howev·et; .frr'Roxas · ·
d/. '_8cti.Jal. pnyslcal· act 9f destrµction;_ .. ·. . : · · " . _.: .. :v.:. ·· F?[Link] :.48: ?·G.· ,.?.177, __ .t~e: .'c,p'~,rt: ·i~pliedli
. ll)[Link]- be ·a,.rn~n'tal;p'i:qces~ ·d~n:,bnstrat$d .'-: . . . · :· ·.al)owe.d.; y(Ui:[Link]!,riQ .,as·: one ;o.f. lhe: overt '-acts,'
by\ [Link];i:ie .,gutward :·.and : v_isit>le "sign· · · · " provid~d· t~ere!:is_ :aQim~ }evocandi- (3 :Pf.;\RAS,·
([Link], Su.c~e·ss_ioi?, s_upra a(.1~3-124J: .·- ..supra at 142), .. "·, "-... · . -· · , • .; ·
-~-. ~ompletion'of;the subje9tive p_hase .. {P~rKe·f · · ·. · ~ :. • · ·- . '\ .
._ :v_ •. Perkes, ~B., find Ald . .489; Costiglm, ·p.: . C~[Link] ; ·. :. . :. .. ·. .. ·. · . · .
·. . 3.12); , . ·... .Effected ~y diagonal o~ hor,izpni'al lines, or:-criss~ .. · · ..
. : The act is ·still' -de~med to . be. in . the crosses,· or. th'e' word. ~_c:;-ancelled", wri'tteo upon ,
subjective i:>nase if the testator intends (b do th~. face' of th,e .wm ·or:upon any° part tlJ~[Link] {Id,
.afurtheract:.· . · .... ', · · . at127.-1-28).
'
1 ......
.
· '.
I
.:.. ·._

2019 SAN):[Link] LAW CENTRALIZ~_QBAR 08ERATl~NS I 277

 -·.·SUCC-ESSJON.
SAtJ BEDA 1,AW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERAT(ONS - MEMPRY AID 2019

Marks made upon a

will by the testator are . heir. X then dies ·and B renounces the ·,nheritance .
effe_ctiv.e as . -a revocation. 'by. 'cancellation, .TheJirst willirernains. revoked ({d:}. . . ..
reqardless of their .depth, faintness, or other
[Link] they 'were placed [Link] the Doctrine of Dependent Relative ·Revocatio~~ '
purpose of [Link] will (Id: at 128). . ·· If.a testator revokes-a wilhvith--a present intention of
The 'cancellation need not render the will-illegible . makirfg a- new one immediately· and' as a 'substitute,
(.JURAOO; Succession, supra aH27~128): ··. · and the new will is not made, .or. irrnade. fails ta.' take
. effect for any reason..It will be-presumed thatthe
Obliterating - ·. . . ':- testator preferred the ·ol<;I will than intestacy; and the
Effected· by erasing or scraping off" any word or · old one will be adrnltted-fo probate in the absence of
disposition, which the testator intends to revoke. evidence overcornirlq the presumption, provided its
?bliteration-renders the will _i,llegible (Id. at 127}.. : · contents can be ascertained (Id, 'at ·149):. . . · :
~ . -· . . ·. . . . •' .·

.. ·. -;;.:

· . Example: .x .executes ·-~ will;:· 11c!~ing. A= as .. f:lii ·

[Link]. a
X·e:icecutes second
. [Link] the firstand naming .s.· as hjs•.univers'al
. ',

278 2019. SAN

:~
SEDA [Link]
. •. . , BAR:OPERATIONS
. - .. ,'.
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SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS -.MEMORY AID 2Q1Q
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RevivaJ. . . .
[Link] [Link] - Restoration to validity"of a previously revoked ~ill by
.operation of law (JURADO, Succession, supra ,at
REVIVAL:·OF WIL~S 133). . . ,
-· .
~ . ..
. . [Link] 1/. Reviv:al.
Republication · . .
.It is·an act of the testator whereby he reproduces in ,
. a. .subsequent . will tn~· 'dispositions contained . in a:
previous 'will which-is void a.s to itsform or executes
_a· codicil to [Link]. (JURADO,· Successiotieupre at·
132). :· . . '
Kinds:· · . · . .. . . , -
1: ,. Express or. Republlcatlorr .by' ~e::.execu_t\on __
' (CIVIL CO°bE; 'Art.- )335J ':- if. t_t1e·. t~st;:itor . ·· '.
reproduces in. a. subsequent· will disposltions: ·
contained .ln a. previous one which is void as to ·,
· .· itsform. The'(putpose-·oLrepu,blfcatiori is to cure
,. . th{ willof its formaldefeets>. ~ ·. _r ; .... ' : . _ ·, (Id.. at 133). · ·~ . . )
. 2. ·. C_on·structive or Rep~blica~iqri [Link] . _ ..
· (CIVi[ cooe. Ari; 8.3~).::...Jf the testator fo~ sol'!le · .· . Examplesof Revival .·. . . . _
.. reasonor anotherexecutes 'a
codic] 'to tlis-will. .. f :while - omission: of a compulsory heir in the .
. -- . - .. · _: .. ·. ·. : ":. . - . .- . -· f ,nstitu'tibn" of heirs annulsthe institutidri,stilf'ff-the.-
Note: :Ar(. 8~6. rn~[Link] co_nsid~r,ed c;IS _t_h·e g~~er~) . omitted -heir dies ahead-of th~ testator, -the ..
rule and Arl.'835, as-the excephon:-Rep:?,du_ct1<;P,._1_n l:istii0iQR\.i_s _rev~v~d. without prejudice :to the
the codicil is required only V>'.hen the or,1g1~~1H -1~_ .. ri_gl:lt o~pr~s~nta_t1oq(Q/V/l CODE, Art. 85~)-_.
voidas to its form; in all otl1e_r. cases; refere.,JJce to -~he· . ·. 2;, If: after' makjng·, a will, the testator makes .a
· priginaJ w~lrsµffi~~ )o r¢p~bli$h it tn~o1:1ghr_u:; ·c_9pic~"' · · · · : , ··secor:,~/Ji!~ i_mR]~edly revcfing· the ..first_;: th~,,-
. Thu~;: a/~od,i~il_: ri)ay·· f:_Pub!i~~-'.·!=ln~ iaJii:la,U,~~1. _· . . · ·~evocation·o\t~e secorid-will.revives_ t~E::fi~st yvill
:,v~ich. wa~ prigmal!Y _v_o1d: for. ~~~L~f>:te~am~tary ... · .. ,· _ as ·impliecl-fr0m Art 837 (3 PA_R,AS, . supra ..at
capacity or;on account of uridu~[Link]??.n th~ I
: testator. (3 TOLEN~!N.~,:.s.µpr{f/?44).. . · ',_·; : .. . . .-·.:·.
· .. -·lllu~.t-~~ti~n:. :X_ _.ma9~· _ ,:{ W\ll)n .' 9~~~f [Link] · 1:,v9 the·
.... · ~~ii-~s~p,re;s~evc;,c~ti~·n. ·9_f First w11(.:. _i' ...
~[Link]~_ses w~re pr:~s~~t)r:, 19~_5,, he .9.10~1fied t~~ -~,I~_ · _:: Jf:"a°fter. making ··a .will, -,_tl:le testa_tor mc1~_es ·. a
b'y:_~·c. od_._'~!~· lf_'h_e_·_qies·_·. sh. o_uld t_he__ .wi_l~ b~~1.1a ea__ .?,._'-: . second will ~·xpressly revoking the·: n.r_st th_~ .
' [Link]. of tfi'e'se'ccind\~111'qo_ei;"~6t:revive the.
A1:1s'1'er.:. NQ... Tl)e. .19~5 ~Ill was .. _vo1d a tto;1Js•fo"",r~.m-::-;_ ....,.,._..__.;.,fi ...
rs;.;t;;.;;w;.;;;i..,11,-·
which 'can-·be ·reyiveq only by·'anotner
PE:~ause it onlr [Link]?.o. ~1tn~[Link] ~nd He{_ef~~e_/\rt. wfll·or. 'codicil (ClViC Cc;JQE, _Aft. .8-37) . .- . -: · . :
835 shou_lp,~pply. The tei,t?[Link] rE:[Link].O!;.E:.-'-~ a · · ·· · - · . · . · · -· --
. · •' .-[Link]'equent wi!I th~ qisp_ositib~s- ~ont!3ined in -the · .. 2:·; lm'pliecl Rev~:c~tfon of .th\~-F'irst·wiir ::' . . ,
.1985\vill. He d:mhof.m~rely use a c6dieil. [Link] there is merely·an inconsjster:icy_"betw~eri
...• : '. . • . - ... a: . -;,.' ·.·..- :,, •:; ·:: .. . ·. •.•· . ' two wilis but-there is no'revocatory dau;:;e;:f;JPOn
. Note: The,word· "form';.:in Art:J337. refers. t0 ·thos:e . -tne: .
[Link]'on of· s~cond :.wiii; the >fi[~t· i~;-
. cov~r~;cf by Art. 805 lik13: defecf in :t!Je :nu·m~~F- 'bf · ._-autom~tically .. ~evivec:J; . reg,<=;lrdl,e:;;s . qf: -:-thf .
, _witnesses, lack c;>f "or fatal defe'ct in _tht3 attestf}tign,. .. . . inlention·· bf the testator:. pr9vided ·[Link] first
lack. of ~cknowledge.rrien_t;etc:,- ·but. rot-· to ,.yitiated, . ·. · · .. _ will ii~s Deen-preserved uridestroyed· (JURADO, .
. . tonsen"t :br· to· la~k- i'of,[Link]:·capacity;.(3" . .-, ·succession,.supiiii133).· . . . - .. ,·- .
'.PA~~S'. ~~pr;a.-at 152)::'·:. /,:· · .. ·. . . . -- · ·. : . ·-· · .
, · ·· : • · · - .. : ·.: [Link]~: Suppos~;:how!:lve/ :that in~tea"d of-··
, ~ffec_ts qt R_ep~bli~[Link]; by·. V!rtue of a. Codicil; : . . . . . . _an e):(pr~ss. re~ocatory :d~u~e. lhe "disp_ositiOn$
i ·Codicil· tevives···ttie. previous_ will (DE LEON, -· ·· .found .1n . the [Link] .-will· are,: ·merely
·:· ·. $ilcc_essio'n: ·sµpra'at_1:97}i'and' .. ,--,. ;.__. .. , .. . . · · [Link] .tho's~ fou'rid iri~th'e firs(.~:,;
2. -The 'old. will .is republished as .of the· date-. of th.e " ' sh411 the .expr.~ss ·revo_<::ation ~f the set"ond_.will
·- .[Link]~:- ~fief makes·--it;ffectiv~;:·as it ~ere, [Link] - -·. '·by ~r third will 'ot a cod_ici~ result in the revival Qf ·.
the new· and ·1ater_qate (3 PAFJAS, supra 210)·. at tl:[Link] wili?_ ··
3. •-fi. wiil republisheo:bY.° a codicil i:;; goverrl'~d by a ,· · · ·'·.,
statute enacted subsequent to the execution of . Answer:. The· Code" 'does nof prov.idt3 'for the
... th~·wil(ti_ut which Was operative wlieri t~e'.coditil 'effect'of the revocatio:n of the second will·in case
:.w~s.:e~e~uted.(/d:f . . . the seconc{ will rrierely impliedly·[Link] the first
: will (Id.). . . ·,

., . . ·. "\ . . ..
~ 2019-SAN BEDA L.AW_C_ENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS I. ~79·
. ·'
 -SUCCES-SJON ·
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N_gte: If the revokinq will be disallowed because only one heir has been instituted, there niust still' .
'it -fs. rio].
.... valid,·
. it. cannot produce
. .. tbe effect of be the judicial .order' of adjudication (Lopez v.
[Link]!ing· the previous ,will (Samson Ii'. Nevet, Gonzaga, "G.R.. No. L~1878~,.Janua!Y31, 1964).
;~.R. No: 11823; February 11; 1918).
,~ ,· I;
/. . .
in ~~m
2·. . Prob,~te · is-. ci:'° p~oce~tj'rri~{ a~d. ih~[Link] ·.
Principle of-lnstanter · .. · · · .. · : · . cannot be dispensed with or substituted by_ any
. When there [Link] [Link] .other proeeedinq, j1,.1q,icial [Link] v.,,itb9ut
tiY. tRe [Link]}-i~'wm/ttie-=third wiJf;annot reviv'[Link]·-n~§t . offendinq. public· pollcy (JU/j?l!,[JO,. Succession,
~i11.: 'Exp'.e:s.s ·: [Link]~ :: ~s alw~ys. fin?r;'. ~nq supre-et -13q)., . . . . •
_e~e-~~tqry. .: .>, :. : , &--~. ,_ · , · ·· · --
3.- [Link] of a person to dispose of_~is. pr~p~'1Y.
The .revokin:g ·_cJ90si tn :·ihe· second ...will' is not by virtue of a will niay be rendered nugatory ttn. ·
t~~[Link]~ntary _1n-' 'ch~'ra'.~t,er; _ RU.t, o'j?_eratE;S' fo)?vq~.e · the mettet-ot the. ·restate Estate .ot. the. 'tete
the priorwi!I t,JP.i:ifttie execution of thewil] containing , Agustin D~I 17a//~,: ~,/{ /'fQ. ·L~.11609; Sep'temf,Jer
·. ih hence, tfo3)eiv"otatibn 'of the·s~[Link] does n6t·
revive
_-24, 19,5.9);.and · .-> ·
. ~' . ·, 'the
~. \ first...·w,il
,_... ,. .. which
··.-' 'f1as·
. . alrn~dy-
'·' . becomea . ....
•• •
nullity'(3_ TOLENJINQ;;.S.l.!Pr.a ~l':144:14.5): · , . . . . ....
.~ .• • ........... - .. ..; •• :... .)· ,.. ·~ • <o; ; ••• ; ' •

. . ., . . .... ~
p •

)·

":..:·

. .
:,

.
\ 280'. I ·2019 SAN SEDA
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LAW CENTRALIZE0
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BAR .OPERA TIQNS
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 succ·ESS,ION
SAN BEDA LAW GENTRAL/ZECJBAR OPERATIONS- [Link] 2019
. . . ·:. '.. . .

3. To declare the ·unviorthiness of the lieir under 3. BY. means of a petition to §.et aside· the iudgment ..
' 'Art. '1032 of the Civil Code; fo~ eoncealing or by reason of 19c;:k • of· jurisdiction· or· lack, of
· · suppressing th~ wiil (Guevar_a Gl!eyara~· G.R ·v. procedural due· process; or . .
· No. L-5405, Januarr 31, 195_6). 4.· ·.B"Y ·m·~ans
·of. an- action to ~nnul judgm·eht by
. . ,, reason ·of extrinsic or collateral fraud (JURADO,.,
.
The will andAre·.codiciCmay ·or may not be probate9 Succession, supra-at 144). · ·. >:-
simultaneously. . . . . . . . . .
,/ '· c,· . . . . . .. :: Q~estions oe·t~r·minable by ProbateCourt
.Qne whc;> has c;>r:caryhave no·(nter;st in SUCC81?dins Geriera]- Rule: in probate proceedings, the ~robate
, a'q~ce9ent cannot oppo?e' the prob!3te of hi~·a_lieged court canno] lnquire into the '[Link] ':-validity of.
· wiil (B~fi9ng · v: 'Surigao Consolidated: Mining, -G.R., testamentary provisio'r:1s. The orily 'questions th~t
may, be 'determined .bY. the · probate court "are the
No.·'[~ [Link] 31, .1968). ,.. . . · . · • · -.. . .
,. . ( .. ~ . followin·g: (l_C;) . . . - . . . . . .. . .
Estopp,el not AppJic~bl_e to Probate Proteedings. \. 1. '. [dentity .t;ifJ!1e will (.whether ttie will rpresehted is
The·. rule of estoppeJ . do(;)s n'Cit · apply . to. probate . ·: · the: last will ahd testament of the testator): · · .: ·
'-prE>Cee_d.ings:..: for--
they :·~re. ,ihv_esJed- ~ ..\,'{itr ,;pµp!ic;: 2: '"testament~ry :~apaeity 'qf..the .testator at the
"interest, -}lhd. :if estoppels 'wou!d be·~_apP,[Link],.'th_e· · . time of the execution oflhe will; andr> -. · · · ·
:a.~C~_('[Link],.ti).8,nt.o.f: .tfr~(truth. r;ijay ;t>e bi~ci_<e§ . (~j§.Ua·~ . 3•_:: . Due "Ex'ecutibn' of ttie.,will (whether. [Link]
.B~tts,. . . ; compliance. with. the .requisit~s 'aild·';i()le![Link]
_.: ;... .. " . ~..
G.R.'.No:L-46439,' July
. .
30, 19.79)-.
' . .
:\. . .. ;- . ·
• -.: . · prescribed. by law (Id. at 138-139). · · · · :.. . ·
. -~- . . . ' . ., : . ·. : -:1, . . . ·. ·,: . . . '; . t·. .
. Effect'of Ailowan"ce of Will . ·. . ' . .
. A. ju_dgr:nenr 9r:_9..ecree of a c.o.u,rt.~\y,it~jllrisdiction. tot . · t:Jote,:: The probate or·:administratian _.cci_urt :.ma\- .
,probate '.a wil! ls: · , . · · · . · ·. . ·_. .. :· . decide prima facie the ownership of the property, but ., ·
01.: .Cohc;luswe· as to ·the validity 'of the will; ·. _ •·. ~ · 'such ·dete'riliination ·ji, .' not ·finai and': is without!
. ·:·:, . . . -. : ·. :· /- . . ·. ·. :' . ·.· ,: ···. . <- ·; !, . .. . pcejuaice to ihk-:-right qf [Link] ventilate ..
a
a_~cf
~m:;~~·1J~· ~-W;?\
the· 9uesti9npfowhe_rstiip· ii). proper action" (Tehg
.:·-" N9~e:'..~tpe_c!~1_1'[Link]:e. t~s!an5~.n~[Link]} ..ae,~i\y
'. -. due·~execut1on of-t~e ·~111 · (3-i-PARi\S; -su(Jrct a"t
·: 16!f). · •,. · · . . v. ~'.e~te·~.b~?!·_._20_1~/...;
.. ~ Exceptio .: ·P, actic,al,corsrderat1c;ms . ·:·: ·, ·:· ·
··,1n,·fvugt1ie{·v; Nu~id, (G.R.· Ne: · L~23445/Jun.e- 23; ..
- ·1·966)>ti!e ~upr:em"'[Link]'·he!c:t'that,.if the case'was ·
: to' ,be ~man~ed for prqoate of. the, 1iil, n9!hi~9 ~J!i:..
. be 'qained. OJ;[Link]:'.[Link];!ry, this litigation· would be ·
3'. · .,_C6n~ll,!sive·
. ~ . ·- ' . ., '
to, Jhe':.
r
whole . worldY(-:JPRADP,
.,...._,. . ...,,. ... ... , •
protracted/And.
, . ..,
f.o( augh.t
.. , . . . . .
thatappears
• - . .. •
io,!h¢
..
record..
. ..
·'. . · Successiot), su'pr..a- at 142). . · [Link] pr if the-court· rejects. the wi!l1 . .,.
: . ;_· ,. · .:.:~ ·-. i'.: ·. · ~ s.: ' ' _.·, ·.. · · · · . .- · >..: prooability exists. th9t the case ~ill ·come: up [Link]'
~;ote_:; _F?r'rnal:·nbtice,
is :a_n _idle ·cerem0[1.Y.·:."Y.h~~·~~~g~i9 ~ef~:'_us oo' the·.?af!le i,~_su_e_· ~~--t~t·i_,:it~i_nsJG.
a9ver~e fartrhad_ ac::tual.k'"!~wledge.·. \; ~ f('!: . . · .' .. ~ah;drty_-~r.h~l)1.~y of)h~W11l ....·t~us ~esultrn_g,_to:a ":'a~t.e
Fraud . as ·a 'ground . for·,rehef must' be Based on·' ·of·[Link]-;" effort; expense;·plus added. anxiety.":, ; . •: · :-·
[Link].i.nsi_c..fraud.. "'.-° .. :. . • .• ,. -- ·--;. · ... · .. · .. _,.·.:, ·':c: ... _. .. ·-c.:_;,_: ·,.o. ;' .. 'h ·0;_. :.". '
· •. . . - , .. ~.~,· • ~ · ·• 1 • , • ;· .. lfl ·Nf1pbinl.{qeh() v. CA -(G:R>-Ncr .·L:62952;· Octob~r···.
':i. Wh·e;e_ part [Link].~st~te· is n~t ·dist(ib~ted.-r~c~Llrse : · ·.. g,,'1985):,tl\e;C:oart. ruled 'that "the ..[Link]:t~;an."inqci/re-· ;·
i~hofto te"~9penpr'6qc1te·prode_edir.igs;but.~citiQh .for :. :· as ·lty'the ,iritrinsic\validity bf.:the . ..yill t:iecau?e:·there
:ex~~"t:.ito~ 9r ac\lo~
tqr. reco~y~j~nc::~· .(f:l~ir:,s--:[Link].~:' · .... ~a·~:a.r:!}xi:>ress= statem'en;,-,ma_t_i~e b·enencia,ry ""'.as
.. L.<Jff? ,Jf{S@;.fran,. v: .§~la~, _GR,. N<f I,;q~ptl-,6;- June: , .. a•m1stress.: ·.. · : ... , ·· -' ,, ':,. ·• ··
... 25; 1-992)~ ·. .. : .. . ,• . ' ,• .· ~ . '·: . .. ·: 1• ;': • • ... •1 ·~.-· · .•,. • • •·. ,. . . .• . ' .. .... . .. • . .•" •• • • •

' , .,. . '.: . . . : .. Orirl)irial a"ction. will" not Ii~ against t~e forger·of a will .
. .lr:i~t~~ces 'Allowanc.e·vl(en Be .sefA$id~- M;y
.. · Which·[Link]-'l?ee'n ... ~uly ·admittecl'to probate, by.__a court •.
·.· General .Rule: $.ince. a p'rd'cee,dirtg for the prol;>ate of . .. . of: compet~rit';juriscH_ction. ~Mercad_o Santqs, :G.R., . _v. ·
a·will
is esierit1alfy. cine in rein,'.ajudgmentaJldwi_rig. . No. 45,.629, Seplfml5er 2-?, .1938) .. · .· ;\ .... · ·· . -~ · ....
. a~- -«ilf:~.~a1rbe· ~.or,~Ju~ive, a·s :.to·: its· 'd~eV~xecti1tion
_The f~tt. that_: tQe ·,wii1 has .. b~er) . alloW~_q: :wil~Q~t ·:··:·
· (JURADQ;.-Suc"r5e_ssion; supra at·144}:' · - · · , , · .
. . .' ..... ··• ....•. . ·•. . • . .. •. : :·._.-.... _::.· .• ;;.;,... !' . oppqsition ··and.)~'e. ,order allowing the:· same.'has ..:
· ... · · ExcE:pt1ons:-([Link])·: .:· ·. ·. · ·;.· . : · · .· · : become •firia( and. executor:y is~ noi-·:a · bar to. 1tne
,. . . 1.. By_me,aris of.a.A ~ppeal (CIVIL COQE; Art. 838·:. p"re:se'nt~tion,of.a codf~il provide£d·it cotnpli~sw,ith an.
; · ·pai:.if.);/.;.·; ·. ·•· · · · the· torm,alitie·s, for: executing .. a· will. ... ."1(.fis 'not.
,;· 2:: · ,By means of ~- petitior) for [Link] frorr)'judgrrienL '· . necE?ssary that the willr and. codic;:il be profrate'd .
· · . · by:' f~i;ISOn . 'of ; [Link]; accident, . [Link], or . . together' as·· the codicil may be concealed by. an
·.·excusable ·ne'gligens;e · (RULES OF · COURT,·:' intereste_d.party'. They may be probatecf on(after the
Ruf~ 38, Sec_. 2);· · ·
'··
. · ..• ··-: ·...
·v
2019 SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS I -281 .
 . [Link]
SAt,f _fEDA LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR OPERATIONS - MEMORYAID 2019-

other (M~cam v:Gatmaitan, G.R. No. 40445,August

17, 1934).

,.,

· ...

\
.,
: ;
284 I 2019 SAN. BEDA LA~ CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS
-,
 · SUCCESSION
SAN BEDA LAW-CENTRAti~ED BAR OP~RATION,S - ME~ORY'A/0 2019

Ttie [Link] dj;pos[tions. made in [Link]

· · .·. :' '-1. I__N_s_·
T_I_T
__u_T_,·
~Io_'_N_o_F_H_i:_i_R_s
__ .__-1
· with -the, law sha!I be. compfied· with and the
remainder of the estate shall ·pass to [Link] heirs
·· .
.. I
(CIVIL coo~;-"Ai-f 841). 'in
other'.·w!)r'ds, t'here: is
Institution ·_ ,. . . , mixed succession. · · · · .. · · ·
. An acfby'vii:tue of wbich·a testator desig,n'at~s-in his . 0 ..
I • •'

- ~ \.viii the perso(I or .persons who are' to'swcceea hi_m i!:J~ Freedom of Disposition (CIVIL CODE, ''Art/842):_ ..
his property and transmissible [Link] objigatioris . 1. If .. the testator 'has. rio compulsory· .heir~. his
. (CIV[t CODE, Art.· 840). . . . freedom or' disposition l~ absolute in character .
. :The whole estate is-dll:iposable.. :. . . ' .
· ·,N9t~;·:lchilci already-conceived [Link] of the .. · · · - · · ·. · , · · ·· · -
· death .of ·ttie. decedent is capable .of succeeding Note.: Th.e· testator must. still respectctbe
provided .. it be- born. later under. the .conditions restriction imposed. by .special laws (Arayata it.
. prescribed in' article 41 (9JVIL COD~. Art: )025, J_9yc~. G.R. No. 28097; Ma_rch 10, 19.28) ... ·. . .
par.2). . . .. · .. · · · , .. - . · · . · · · ,: . . :· . ," . · ... , · . . · ... :., · · : · ..
·. . ' . 2·: ·. If the testator rias cornpulsoryheirs; ~is fr·e~dom · .-
.fiund~nient~l B~sis of the La"! of'T~st.a~[Link] .. of disposition shall extend only to thedisposable
. · Su~cession:·.:. ~:. . : . -: . . . · · : free. 'portlcn of hi°s estate. but not to· the l~gc:il
The doctrine that .the will of the· testator, freely . . por:t\op pr le1iitiine WlfMDQ, ~uccess16n, 'supr~-
. · expressed' in htsIast. will and testament, is, as a_ . . . . . a( '162f· . . . .
. - . general· rule.. the supreme' law Which gEvern~,--~ie . ·.·-i
_ succession .(JURADO, Succession, supreet '159). · · :: ·Reason> Under .._. our .system . of- c'om·pulsciry
. . .. . . .· . . . suc~essioh, . there is-:- always a portion 'of • the- .
, Order of Preference: (ISRAI). . · - · ·) testat6r's-;e·state -known .as the Jegitime.·:Nhich,)s »,

i. '.lnstit\J_lio~ ?f heir (CIVIL ~OD_E, Art._840); reserved by OP,~r.-atibh 6f law f~r ~h~_ber:iefit:of:~ertain_
4-.. · _§ubst1tut1on _of heir ([Link], 0Art.:,;.8J7); . heirs who are thei,r~f0r.!3·[Link]:~d coi:npqls.9ry,h~1,rs, and~
3. Rfght of B,epresentation (CIVIL CQOB('Aft .. 970); - elver which· tfie testator as .. a general rule cari have
, 4.'. · Right 6f ~ccretion·(CIVIL COD_E,'Arf tO 15); a';.,~,· no \~~ta·m:e~t~iyf6ntrol (ld:·.a~ p. 161). . ··
5. _.Jnt(}_:itap.-z(CWIL ~ODE, Ar!. 960) . . . ... : ·: ·__ . ... . ·./. _I -~ _:, · _ ·.. ·.- .· ...
. ·, . -·· . - . . .... · . - .~ . , · Restr1ctionston·ElJspos1tion. - .
·. R~quisite~ for ca V~lidf~st!tuti~r : . • ·.: . , '. J :-: . Thefestai:~,of },!;}e:S!alor shall1 be liab·I~ _fo_r_:the,. _
. 1. ·The_ w1IJ must be extr.ins1c~JJ.r,vahd,.ll).,~~~ng:~ ·· _ · · . la t~.([§J,.[Link][t}$ls; and·· .- . _ ... · ,,
' . · _ a .. Th_e·te~,~t~r:must. l?e cawi,.citaJecJ·.A. ~-. 2:< T~f::. fe'.s,tator.. ca.l")not di,spdse bf ~r:e. nsumber the_·
._ ~- :,The forn:,ah!1es m_us_t_be o~terve~;. . :f. . legitirn,f:of. .the, cpmp~l~ory· heir~. (qE _LE.QN,
c: There must be no v1![Link]...rsenti. . .. [Link],on,[Link] at·235). . : · · ....
J' · it ·:rhe:-.y!!I must h-~v~ bee.n:'·duly"~o'.W_ted;,ar:id .· · · · .. ·.- •· , · ·
._ .. · e .... The w,11 must haver been the [Link]&ot. [Link] of Institution:. . . . .. . . . ·. . -:· ..
. . : .. -: .,.· the .te_stat~r:" ... : ' . ;·., . -[Link]:[Link]['~esignat(tlle' h_eir'by his:'riame and
_ : . 2 .. _ The· "inititution· mµst :sur:riame, How~ver;Jhis for_m- is:·not- mar1dat6ry'. }"he
· .. '-!.meaning: .. , . :. - . . . . . . . d~signatio_n:mpy be:n'[Link] in·any,othe~Jcirin_,-as·iong .~
· . · a .. The legitim·e' mus!"not be· impaired;'. ' · . as there wi!C·be no· douht ,a$· to the idehtity_ of the:-.· '
• ' b ... Tlie·-heir [Link] be c~rtain ~r asc'[Link];· heir/s in~titut~d.(.CIVl(G_ODE,' ~rt. 813): · · · .... ,·-
.. :. · . a9.d_· __ ... ·. ' ... · ... _ - .. :· · · · ·. _ · ·:··: ,.·· __ : .- .-:. • .·., ·,:. -.,·.
. ·c. . . Th~re shpuld:.be no preteri_tion. . . . . . . ·.-., DiSJ?OSition.i'.in:ta:/or ot an ~i,known pers9.~ ([Link]µ
.- 3. The instifotlon ·[Link] be effective, meaning:-. iocierta) shalH;ie · void, Unless - by · somEF event- or:
. · -a. Yhe're must be no predece~sed'h_e,ir;: .. •' · .: --, , , cird.1mstarices'·:Jii'S',identify._ be~ofo'es· certain (91VIL'
_ . b. ..there· must be-.· ribJepudfation by. the heir; · · CqbE,' Art 845). ·. ,""' .. -: : : · · · .. · .. -' . ·.
and.:.. · ... -· . . . . .. .. .
. c. · · There:[Link] b~ no incapacity [Link] ·heir ...... [Link]: .• A pef$6na.' 'incierla ... is· one'"Who . is.. n·6t.
. (3--PARA$, supra:aH9!f. .. · -:. . ;,_ . . _ deterinit1e_d-· o.r ·,· individuzjl_izid. thus..:- rri'akir:iii Jt
. iri1p9ssfble to.l<now,whp [Link] by the dec~ae~t (3
.. La6k,·of 1n·stit~hort'does NOT ,lnvalid~te·J· Will. · . ·T_QLENT.[Link]~.supr~ at_:176)::, -1~;. ,.. , · '
- ·.· . A viii1 i~-{a.1id,· ~y-en tho'ugh: . · . . . :.
· 1. -[Link] not contain an .institution of an heir; · An "Unknown' Person" means .orie- who cl:mnof be
.'2.·· The '[Link] does riot comprise the· entire · .identified. troin the will;
not one who ··is ~ itran·ge~ ·io
-·esta'te;'or_ ; : :' ·-:: ~ . :_· . .· ·: thi testatqr (Id.). .. . . · · .
3. The·· heir [Link] .does :nor -accept. the
· [Link] or is jncapadtated t~ succ·eed ([Link] . ··.·,
coo.~. Art. 841). · ·. ·
/'

201ssAN BEDf\ LAW c·ENTRALIZED.B_AR [Link] I 283

 [Link]-O.N·,
·. SAN BEOi LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR OPERATIONS- MEM_C!RYAID 2019

The institution of an unknown [Link] still be void "the disposable free portion · ·(JURADO,
even [Link] [Link] he can be determined . . Succession,
•· ,.-
supra
• I' .
at . 165-166).
: •
.. '
[Link]-of" the- heir is delegated, by .. ~-. • ,:, ....... ~. •• • ,.__,.. -'-· •4

the testator to another. It· is void dnder Art. 785 of the. Illustration: X stated'in his will: "lqive A,- B, and.
Civil Code·(3 TOLE(':11/NP, supre af .. 17'7)".: ·c as my heirs, my eritire estate." The net value
. . . ·- . . . ·-' '. (• of the estate is ... P120;000 .. H6w mucrils each'
-entltled? · ·. ·

_, ...
·'.,

•..
' • ~ · -" ( r '• ,. .~·' I I.

284 ,J ,
,2019. SAN-B!;DA-LAW CENTR.A.(.JZED. BAR [Link]
... • ·.! • .• • ~ • • •• • .-
 SUCCES·SfON.
.. : . -, .
SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR QPERA T/ONS -- MEMORY AID 2019
. :

i1.1ustration:, "I h~reby.,institut~ ~y ·student :X as my Illustration of 1ri·stitution ·or"Heirs . - ..

heiddr havi.1}9· toppe_d the ..bar exap,ihati~n:o'f ·2q63," unde·r Arts'. 852 and 853 ..
If X was nb! the k>p-notcher,.woul9 [Link]) inherit? _
-~· t~: ..
[Link]: [Link]; becat:1se the false· cause 9i" reason is
CQnSid€)re~ as not Written:.. • . . : . I . . . ' . :
.
. '
. .
. .
-- · ' · . ,. A = ~; B= ,;.; - , _ · . • A.= Yi; B= ~ . . ... ,
. Reason forthe ..law..The [Link] the testator's I .
,-
li be"rality,. ·~lie mention of;".the bar 'toppin~[Link] ) . A.= ~ of 120T is._60T "A= Y2 of,120T is-6QT,
:x
0

. . · merely 'lncidental, .for even. if had X topped. [Link],

B = Y,. .of 120T ,i$_ 301 .· · i3 =. 'of 12o;r is :gar
'the testator.' would -not 'have -been bound' to· reward'
~im,7fere it not iqr- th_e pr?visi°.n,in lh:_-wi!I. .. .· ..
9,qr : . i50T·.
·. ·. . · .~-: ..
.
. . ' . .. · . ; ...... . - .·· . ' -
"':·'
'NE( 120T)-90T :::',•. 30T NE( 1120T)-15pT= -30T
ii~ceptio,,-i v/h~n _c,1pJma·r~'-from- ttie. wi11 ·ihadhe :it . .
. .· .
.: testatorwould riot-have m-adeihe-insfltution if:he had J_ . 30T shall be· · .... ,.· - DEDUCTED···.
30Twill be:· 0

.known, th~- falsitY,6Lsu2t.i-caus·~~-<,[Link] ~r(: .. .DISTRIBUTED \ . · .. : .. :·

850): ·· . ·,.· . J, '. :;_. ·. :: ·· ': '. !F.. : . ·· ... proportiona"tely betwei:ln · "prop9rtionately . . , '··
: . . _.;~ y : · . . ~ ... ~.. -. :._) . . :·:<-;. '. .·:-;;;- ·.·. "\ -;: ::· ·;· ·,. ·,) :-.1 ., ~ and B ..., - )- .. ,. _betwe13b.A aQd B" 1. ·• '' ·

Requisites· for "the [Link]~_ .. of Institution .of

\ ... !.
... .· ·.· : )' ...
'.Heirs·:··(S.F.2): .. ·;· · .. · ; .. :. . ....... _ ." .· . /: Computation: Computaltbn: . · ·
: _.,:A,· - . . ,. . :. A ·. , ··.··· ·....
>- .- : ·;'. ~- ·~ '-: _,. . . ··:~·: n:,? / · ·lr -. ,. .
1- .: { Cause .of1 lnstltution .of the-heirs .must be .§tated
., 1n:,tr~:"Yi11i> .. .->< : . = [60T/(60T-t:30T)J" , .. =;:(12.dJ_x60)7150T
;,48T. , . :· ..
.
-2:." .-·~_i'lµ~~.:p19st _b~ ~h<?f P- to~~~E_al~~;, .=-2/3.x 30T
,. :·- -'=i·20TAaditiori ._ ... _:·- ·_., ·. ...... . . ..~.:·
3.. IUTl°.USt-:appeafifrOmJt:i.~· f a,Ce::o.!tJ,~~-~tll:.!,bat~I~
· testatorwould not-have rnade ,tl'.le mstttuttO!J:'hag
. -~he 1<n6;,;,,i-(thi)~i$il~(or"Jtie.'cai:is·e· (Austrii v."· . . ~ .. . . B
... ;Reyei;··_G:1 ..· No. I.~-2/30.7~;. Fe~'.~aJY..~;, :-~~Z9)·~ ~-:[30T/(6~pij3_ff'.)] ··. . . . =(.120Tx90)/150T- .
- 113 x 3o;r_~ ~ · ,;,7z=:r· :._. :··. :· :.·: :·-
-~Jt':",-" : : . : . . .
- .· ... ·. . . . ,···...1 .· . ~- . .
. j~~t!tu_ti9i1,:)n Aii_.~~~t-.P.~r:t-~: .,;.: ·. '-= 10T'J\dgi_\(~· n . , .; . ·..:: : . .. ,.·· . .'.: _.,.
L·<Rule [Link] entire':iriheritanc.e is nofcovet ~ .• .-, · · · . ·.•· , ~ · . , · ·~ ·_' · : · ·. .
.· '.°' ·s~i/:-.'[Link]'h~s:.h9)ntenti6n;tof~_ie-:-heirit~~'- . ·ow.· ·:·.-., . :· ·:·. · ·- _. bR ··. . ... ··.. ;: · ~ ·.
· · ,;·· : so!e.h-~ks"-inixcdciuc~~psi_bA·((?_l.Vl,_~pGf:~·- · ··., · . ..._..... :;~·;:;::--,; ~ · · ·_. , · :,. :. ;·· . .,.
· Art. 85_1-); ·,>'-; :·· ,: ·:·· ·· -. :.:/ - .. · _th·':3_if r~~~:ecti_Y~_'[Link] · _. _·:_·.l-'~·-- .. ~ their r~spective_ [Link]~r_e~-·.·_.
. ·: . ,: . f - . · ..shall be mcreased · . · 1 shall be [Link]:;E)d··.. . · · 0
•

·\- . E~a-11/pt~:· . . . . -· .... _,'· : .. :·-: I :·.. • • ~p~~poi1_ioii_~te\y:1n th~ . ·; '.Pi-~porlion~'tely_i~: the . . .
- _ ~... A= 2(_5_; B=:1/5; C:; ·1/~ - ', '.·· . .,. ·.. · / . :· ratio of 6:3/2~1 . · .· .. ·. . · ratio pf-6,~9/2:3 =.. · ~ · .
: ,;>/, [Link]({fem~Jn.d_tfj:bf.,1/5.'jha//:p)ss?t~;tJfeJtjga./ _ . . , ·. . ,;· O•· ".:- ••• :.- •. ' '< ·:_-.; •.

•.•
,. ··,
.
. heirs· • ·. :· ·._· .· - •., .. ..•. ·, · ; ·• ·
... ·.....
,. :.--. ·.
A=2/3.x
"'.\, - _ ...
30T=· ,··
20T
'._• ...
.. • ·, ·- ,,A=2/5,,i<-30T.
·• ~·---~-,. l
;;.-12T
.... ,,-~-!
·· ·
. -·~··., ·:·.,· ... · ., .. ·,.... .B=1/3-x30T.=·10T . ': S=::3/.5'~·30T.;=,18T:, ..
': ·.~: .:.. ·.,:...- f'~ .-::,...· ·.:; · r ·,, • ,' ' • • .;·.•_ ·. • ~· ; - • ' • • ·-·'- -~ · • •" ·
. - , , ... · .'; , ....... · r· . . · . . ·. .- ,· ..• - .· ··... , .... , i
1'

, ~ .· b. ,_ Testator·.tnten-ds. to:make- the heirs,·-as sole,

, · ..· .. , ... tieifs:,_; -:'.J~cfl ',p~-rt·· ·:snail' he . .fntreased. · :. '·.· ,Hen~ei':_A ;:= 8_0T,'. :. : , '·tjence: :Jf.= 48T.·.
·.:-·. _>·. :,. ::propo1{o'ii'at_~jy,'J9.[V(L.C_b61=1}i{··~~?,)/''1·._.:,· : . . ·.B 4?J:,: ·. B =:= =: <: .. •· ::-"~ · 7~{ · :- : ·. - .
:· ·.,-··.·, .. _~·:,.(;°,:(: .. ;(; ·,:._._·· ..·, ·/; ··.:·/;.':°-::,·.:· ,.. .Jqtc!l-ts120T. ··· .··. · .[Link]\1~0T' .. .- ..
.: , , · ... - · :-1t".i$.;:ltte"ref9~~;;.e'1lidehrthat·the-rule slated in.: .. · . ·· '' .. · ·:<· _ -1
.' '. .. -, i.: .Art~: 8Q2 [Link]~tes :aQ_ ~[Link]·.to .fhe ' - (; Pfeteritioh .. :_ ·.:·.-::~ _: . . . . · · .. . · ... 1 ·, ·
'.• , . <./rule ·itateat_in. t.h'ei~se.c0ric1.. patagraph:~ff..rt.. . :_, : [Link] ;in the' tesiator·~·wili"~f cine \ome 'c:fr:an ot ·
·. /. ;.85f·: I! emincia~~s:,~~e principle:: that ._wh~!l:. ',.,._.·. · . the·· ecif!1pU1$q,ry heirsjn_ the ,ji_n~ .....w.b~lhe~ dlr~ci
_ .. , . thJre _ 1.S . <:1,,:cor;ifl!Ct.,be~e~n. !~e_. !nter!tQ~, O_!·· _ liytri9:.·~~-t~e"lihJ~-·pt lt)¢.. ~~'e·~~tion pf ttie will: or borrJ_
. '. the,· "testator/' an.d. ·· ht~;'' rnaJh~l!).altc;i1I. _ after tne: cfeath cif the·. testator (CIVIL COD~ Art.': .
. .::_. ;, ·: .. [Link]:, the· ,torr:;ner·· .. st:ia_J1 .. -p·[Link],c1ii· · ... ···,.8H4J:. :· ·. - . :· ·,~. · ·:.· . ,.:,· ·. · (-'.· ·-:,<._·_. '· • - · >
... . · '. 0:: ·.,; (JURADO, :succes.~lon,' supra. c!t"i71}.i. · , ··. . · ,,.. ..:·· ·' _ · · · :.·· · · . . · .:· .:. · ~ ,. -· . .
, .: -~ :: • •• ,. T --: .. •••• :·;;;. ~ .:\ • ·-~.'·-: •• \ • • .. \: ·."c ) --<(: ;· -~: · · . · · .itif~i?;iiil~i 'th~ftH~ . -[Link]$si~ri-"qt:'ftie· qci_m~u1s~ry- · ,. ._
. 2._ ·:[Link]~ tf:th~ p~~~·t<?Q~~er. ~x~ee~·Uie.,ni:i,e~1t"lnc;,~.:. . . . ·ne1{:must tie Eori1plet~ an·c(total .ii, cn~ratter so t~at
f· .. , ·.. ·-.:'."'":-' .El,§!~_~: part ,~~all__:_be: f~.d~~~a _.pr,01:,?.~tona!~ly.;. ·· ...; ,;h~ _; rec::'3i'{e.?. flO~tii.n.g,i fr~rri _the . tE:ls.tc1tor, at .. @.I):· ·.·
. , .; .· (~IVJt _c~9:E~_fi.rf. _$53/. . ..... · .. · ·. : · ,. · , :-, _909$e:qu~nt.l~".[Link](tes~~tor.l~ay~~ ;my,_ [Link]~f"!Y)? ·
· · .·. . .__ .. : .··· .· :· ,. .. ·. . . : [Link]!. h,etr _w~.o ts:all~ged_tp h~v~ b~en, omtfte_q by any .. .
·. ~~,r,n~l~:?t Sp,are: . , - : .·:. .. . :<· ' '. . tµle whatsqeyer;;·. tt)ere · ·can .no' preteritiori:. · .. ">ti~,:
. ([Link]!=)gati{'A_m_blint:_of the .Estate:x Amount of (JURADO, Sµ[Link]·sJon,...sujir~:at tfh: . . . . .
. S~are) -a-Tbt~I ~mo_unt ~f Share-' . .-·-· :_ · ·· . , · ·' · ··· ·
-··..
• .. j_ ..
. . ....,.·

' ..
. 2019. SAN .SEDA LAw _CE!'JTR,ALIZED BAR OPERATIONS I 28"5
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SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPER(l'rlONS - MEMORY AID 2919

Requisites: (CTS) Omission -of the adopted child in -the testator's -will
1. The-heir .omitted must be a ~ompulsory heir in constitutes· 'preterition since he is· by regal · fiction
the dire~t'[ine, such ·as:·.. · . . . . · considered "er [Link] in'the direct line. This
-a. Leqffirnatechildren and descendants (LCD), ,. is clear· from the. provisions of Arts. 979 and· 984
with respect to •their. legitimate parents and which speak of·the share of the adopted child in [Link]
. a'sce.n_cl~l)ts '([Link]); . : . . . . . . . · ·. . · _or iritestate·S\JCC~ssion_(JURADO, supra~at 176):
. b .. lPA, with respect to [Link];
"c. ·_. Illegitimate children (IC); . '8,eason:"[Link]· has the· same rights-as that
d. Father and mother of IC; and of a· leqitimate .. child
.. (R.A.. 8_552,: Sec.· 18) .. · . ..
. e. Ado_pted"2hild. (AC). . . . . .· ·., .

2 ... The qrnission must' be complete and Iota! in-

(: charactertthat the omitted [Link] notand has.
not received $nythiog at [Link] the testatorby
_any ·uu~ whatsoever); and ; ..
3.' The compulsory heir omitted must ~urvive' the
testator (JURA[!<if Succession; supra at 17 4). .

.. There.....is N.0T~t~(
-' .·.·- d~issi
. .... . ri~. wh~~·
.....
:.. · · . ·
....

·3.

· ........

·., ~>.:
.. .

.: •·
...... r' J - ....• • - • ..... • . ·.; . ·-':--: ....... ···~ ·~·-··~- .. · ... • ....... ~.
Thif olnltted. ccimp\Jlsory'. ~1r·':.: disinhe'ritance ~-. is
. l -.... !:l~ir.:"_gi?fs:his'_sh~re?.fr6ni_ :valif!;.-.: th~-,:_ cb'rnp_ulsqr.y· -: ·
tire en'tlre estate.f.e., not' :Hejrjs:.r:ne're!y.:fest6red: .
. only, "hi~· .share of the to \his-: l~gitltne', ' and
-,1¢gitfine, ~bu( a,1~9---'9(. th~: .,t~sta'1J1E311f?ry,: ·: · · ' .
fr¢.e'pof!joo·riot .cJ_isposed c:li~pbsitioris~which_·. ate'. ,.:..
o_f [Link] of devises:and. ·.inoffitiqµs are
reduced ..
_!_~!;i.~fir.f·: :-·::.·,,-.· . .:. ., . · :-:,- :.:;::-:::·<·:,::·.,. :· .. ·
N~tet Omisslon of-the s_~rviving~spgus~:($S)'"qpes ·-: ' •• •••• ::'\ -·-;: .• ·.-.:•.--
...
.. ~ •.•. ·.-~
.
--:··:-;,·.·-.-.; ·i,.· ~ .

. n6.t.c()nstitute [Link]·is 'ncit a co'rr1pulsory helr · Com·p·utsory heir .in the ·(;;ompu"fsoiy h!;!lr .may
in the [Link], Therefore, the- driiy'·~tted 'of her .: . direct !ine:js O~itt~d:,. b~ ClJ.~tQh!c'lrit~~-- tpplJgh 0

· -. ·'orn_fssion::1s·· a' pa~i~I annulrri_e6t-,of tbejhii_tit~tion of ·. · ~ lhe.

~. .-not . 'in , .":_, .. . line:
. . '[Link] ,,_ .: ...;
. ·. . heirs lb, the. extent that-tier legitiin"i3 is' prejudiced; in
(DE LEON,. Succession, supr:a at 254).
· other words, · SS is stil_l -entitled .to her leqitime (DE
.- LEc8N,_ [Link]: 250). ··· '. . ''"':- ....

. 2~6- I 2019
. SAN-BEDA
. . LAWCENTRALIZED
,' ·..
BAR OPERATIONS.·.
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.. S_U.CC_ESSIO._N.
SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR QPERj[IONS - !MEMORY AID 2019 0

lh'dJWfhtlcs?· G MAW&J~$§f% SS'Abi'Ri:u@ e:;;~":': r,i&:k*7*S2£ &2f4- i&M s·q& t495#ii-:?tli M4i!fZ#,t?e:i@ .. ;g "41tlfr:::fLl.~~,.',i:..==it

· Illustration: A,.B and C are th·e-legitimate [Link]·. Hence:

of--X. When X executed his-will, he-instituted as-heir· ·step 1 :_ cietermiriation ··ot !he amount. to· be
fo his -entire [Link] A, B [Link] his friend F. He also re.duc_ed. -
·gave G ·a legacy of 30T.: • The -~alue of ~he n~f es tat~ .
is 120T. (a)·ls there preterition? (bJWhau's the e{:fe9t
of- preteritio·n on the institution. o(hefrs?. (c) What
[Link] the legacy given to G.? (d) How will the estate ·A 20,bob 10,[Link] -. · 30,000 ·
· [Link]? ·
. ·~ .... : ·B 20;0Ci0: 20 ooo· ',
' .-
1 Answe_r: _
1 _.·. there i_s preterition .. because .. C. . w"as •. r:iot c 20,000 ,20,000
mentionedjri' the wtll; norwa{he._given anything:. .
·. -60,0QO 60,0.00 .
2. The institution off will be annulled. .· ·
3. The [Link]· [Link] effective. because it can .
-[Link] per · ·.. 60,000
· . be·contained·[Link] portfon; in·tlii_s f3Se, .
the free portio·n is·(}'2 of 1_20T) 6CiT. The l~gacy · typ_e o( .
·given· to ·G ·in the ·amount of, 30-:F. can be . share • • .. 1••

contained·thereih. . . . , .. ' .. '·.. : .. \ ~

4 .. Th~,estate \viii be <;JistributE!d as follows: 1 :30,000 .-'-:, ·120,000
." • .• •.
= 10",000
.~·
(Amount to._be [Link])
r • • •· : '. •

·Step 2:_ Retluctio·n-of the. heirs'. shares. • J .

. Formula:
· . [Link] [Link] -x [Link] ,be reduced ·-,

B· 20,000,

.: c - - - ·. ,. . 2cr' ooo·.i.:::
.G

-F
.. ·.,'
· Total.-

.: Illustration: Testator: has three -(·3,) :Jegitih'l'ate ~~=::::~':!.:..'+. :'. : _.·_1:._-;··2::. :_,0.=_b=._b::__'__j_..:_··+:..::··8::_:-
·~~:: _0,:=_0:..:_·.-._j_.:._'
:4:_0, . '.: : 0. : .0.::_0_J·
.
children, A,'."B;_ and G- In his" wi'IJ;· he ~rov!ded(·"I. .· . >. . +iq;ooo·: 20·,000 '·
.. : ; - · hereby give Y4. of myestate to A;'J/10 t9_!3; ang,·,}'2 of •
· '. - -' my [Link] my friend.F. The net value-of tlie estate>. :· . -F -:;, : · :··· · [Link] :.' . -8;571.43" ·-51·, 428.5:Z-··
.. · -~. 'Is p·1 ~OT. (a) lsthere preterition? (b) Hov/shb~k(the . ... ' · · · ... . · ... · ..
-- . . estate "be distributed?" - . ;' . . . . - . . . . . .". ."'- _-.)"
-. ,. ._ · c- ~~:rviv~f <?f t;>m_iJted He_i{ .:. - : _ . , ... ,
·-·.·Answer:· ·· · . ·· ·. . . · . . · .>. . It is)1l_s_o an essential qo_nditioi, _ that ttje\[Link] .
1._·. :=niere_:is_ no preteritiori because the~e)s §Jill_ a. . . _h~ir ._-.,:vp_~ is._ omi_ttec:i in.- ttiEf·v~stator's _ w(II .~hO:uld.
-- po[tjon [Link] estate-from which the-share: of c .- ·.s_urv1y,e. !h_e te_stcJtor (..fURf\0.0, $ucce_ss1q1J, [Link] .
·. · may.-be taken from.· . . : .. . . . ,· . · : 1~eJ.".. >.\ . .". . ; . · . . · ·' ·... ; · . ·.
2. · The-estateshall bedistributed as follows: ·_· · : . · . . . - _,- - -·
If the Omitted Compulsory Heir- Dies Before· the
Testator . :· .. · . .. __ · .: · _._: .' · .. ·
Under Art .. 855; "the,-share·'of"a::ctiiid·o~ de~cendant . ; ....
.: concuriing_vie.ws· .. · .: . ·-· '. ·. .:/:.
[Link] i_iia will_ must ffrst be taken from t~e· par(
of. .
: Accordiriq to the .second -paraqraph of:Art. 8"54, · the
. the:_e.$tat~ not "djspos·ed of by the wili, 'if'any; if. that'is
.. jns_ti~ution .~hal_l .be ~ffE!Ct\Jpl,. Qut _without. prejupfce to-.-._,
·not" ~u_fficient,- so .111ucti~a~· [Link] be ·necessary "rri\ist . ·.· .·
U:1e r_!ght of re'p_resehtati.on when it properly, takes .
[Link]!n proportioi:ially from the [Link] the other·· ·
p_lace. Hence; when . '[Link] is. _.a .. sutvlving
compulsory heir.s." -
·,. : ... ;~ . ~ ·- reprt=:[Link] thE! deceased co'mpul!fory heir who
has been OIJ)itteid in testator's Will, SUCh ·as· a child,
thW effect is· _thaf such~ child· shall· succeed ·to· the
·1egit_ime which would have _gone to. the heir omitted
(Jf}RADO, Succession,_ s~pra _at ,180). · · · . ·
. -.·
... : .
. 2019 SAN [Link] CENT~LIZED"BAR OPERATIONS I 287
 SUCCESSION·: -
.SAN BEDA [Link]!NTf!ALIZED DAR QPERATION~ .- MEMORY·A/0 2·q,9 <,

· ..Sll_b§[Link]~in . . .. . .,
_ It is tbe appointment of. another heir so that he may
enter into [Link] default bf or subsequent·
to the heir originally: .instit~ie~' (CJVII/[Link]{
857).. . r:

There may .a}so. ,~~· ~ubs\it~ti!)n -.of .l~ga.~e~~-· and

devisees (3 P'ARAS;.:suprc:J at, 228).. . · .. . .·, ·

•• ->,

,,,,,.-. 1·

'(

.,, .
i .· ..
;\ .. ,·-,.· .·,
.... · ·... ' · .
.··,
. ·-. I : '\ .
I , .. . ....

•
·288 1° 2019 SAr,f BEbA LAW CENTRAtlZED BAR OPERATIONS,·
••, I ' • • • • • • • • ' •
 SUCCESSION·
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SAN BED(', LAV'(_CENTRALIZEDBAR O~ERATIONS :.. ~EMORY AID 20!9

Exceptions: (EP) 3. Recipr:ocal (CIVIL . CODE, Art:- 861). -

1. When the testator· has [Link] provided the Sustituci9n reciproca; .When 2 or more· persons
· contrary;• and · . . · .· - are not only [Link] as ti~irs, but· are also
2.. 'When the charges or con:ditions _are fersonall,Y designated mutua.l.!Y:clS _subs.titute for. [Link] other ..
applicable only. to the [Link] instituted ('J/).RADO, . .
Succession, . supra at' 193). .../ · '- IIJustration: X'instituted •A to·-~ of his estate,. B
".
.
I .
..
'
. 'to y. of his·estate' and c.
to th"e remaining' Y.. x·,
Some .instances" wnen the substitution is · ·.gesignated·all:of [Link] [Link]
rendered. ineffective: · . of .~ach_.otl')er .. B· pfedeceased,.X.;The· valued .of
1." Whe~ the substitute predece'~ses the testator; ·the estate is 60QT. [Link].· · .
2. · \•'i/hen'.the·substitute is incapacitafed; . •/

3. wtien the·s·ubstit~te renou~ces the inheritan~e; · · . "Answer,·

4. W_hen· the institution of heir is ar:mulled· (e.g. .. Formula; .
· ·' preterition); · . · ' ~..: ' · Share-ofheir-x Amount to [Link]
5. · When . t~e institution or" the .'substitution · is · .. · Aggf~gate~an:i~unt of iris_!]lllti~m · .
revokeq by the testator'; and . · ; ·, · . ·
6:. Wn~n a will0is ¥;bid <?r·djs~llpweci:or revoked (3 A ; ·Wot .60'0T.,,... = 300T
. ., .
,.-.' ,·.
B = Y. of 600::f = 150T
(
. PARAS, supra at 233). ·. · .:· . - -
.c ·=- y. ot. 600T . = 1'scrr· .. ..:.~ .. :. .
Kinds 6t Substitution:· : •
•••
•
J
; ,r. • ·-1-,t •

3001',x ·1-50T .= 1 OOT ·

1 :. · .simple ,or~<;;oinmon or Vulgar (CIVIL CODE, .A=
· -450T ·, . ~ .. .,
Art. 859,.pat. 1)- That which·takes·place when
Hi~ testator design~tes .one or more personsrt0 ;_.
.• ' •-

"
• ·.-:':

.' .
I

substitute thefheir/s instituted in case su·ch heir/s

shbuld ·die before·. him, or -should not wisH to
accept.' the : . inheritance ... or.-~ sliotiid .-. b;
incapacitatec_j to accept ttie inheritance_. . ·
) • I

.2. -~riet: [Link] (CIVI_L -'CODE, Arr!860)

Some · .cornrnentators .. make- · a distinction ·
,.: ·.betweeri·brief-and:.c~ompendious, viz. .'.r'. . .. ,.
-- · a.·. Brief - there. are; 2 · or=more persons ~ 200T
., ,"designat~d _by, the [Link] to;substitute11'09.
. only one heir. . · · · . · · . /. .:. ,600T
· b. Compendious>- one -heir is desig_r;:i~ted fo·,
take [Link] [Link] 6'r more. heirf"1' - . ~. ., '.·· -. . . .: ,. . . . ...
.....5,-------4:.. :.._,,J::
...id;:;.;,_eicom·mis~ary_or''1rdfrect" s"uostitution -
-·. ;,· : . Su":fotu'cior1·ffdeicorT1is6ri~; That\.vh'ich· takes.
. -~ ., ; .. ·.,P1~fo~ .. -~ii~~-.-.:the·: ti8ui::iary -~-o.r ', first n~ir
. ' .' jnsti_fWted)s. ·.e_Q,lr!J~fed with "lh~'O\?!i~ation to
'; .... - . - : ... . "> . preserve a'oa .t);ansmir to ci"-"sec_oricl heir the'
.·1f··.one .of thetwo is .. preterited, renounced. or ·. ·
incapacitated · ttie -inheritance' accrues to the . ,
.· · . · -~ ":'~0\e _or· P.~~-·
ofJ.~e-·in~e~it~-~~e .:Pi?vid~d : .
· , ·; · · .. $t;'CQ.. Ru~s!1\ut10!1: does not 98. be1ond -one -~
,: · ·orfginal heir -~nd [Link] the ..s~bstitut~'.-6NLESS, ·· ' . .degr~? from t~e heirprigJnally in~_t_itut~d. and
.:,_l~e-:\estqfor·provides· 01,[Link]},~b~titution will , . , . ·. '. pr~Vl~_ed [ui:_th,er,. :!ha( .!h; ~.9yc_i_'?,ry or first·
ra_ke . place only . if~all the original heirs" are. . ", _ ~eir. and the second heir are. hvmg at the
. disqualified. (BAL:.ANE, succession, supra at ,· ', .. '. t'fl\~....of .. ~h~, .• ~.eath of _th!:? .testa~or (CIVIL· ·
'-' 294), ·, ·· : . ·' '- .' ··., ·· ·. · , · .· , ·,."~: : ·, C_QpE! ·A_rls: 863':-:865). ·.·· . ·: .. . . • .. ···
. ) . , ·· .... .. --. ,·.
- .; ..

~~~.mp.t(X nJ~kek the foilo~-i~g "proviii_6n i~ .hi~> .. . '.' ·_ :· ·.fidckD"~issary•[Link]!\·[Link]'.Test~tcir.,,

will: "I institute A and B .to 1/3 ·ormy estate and ·· · · ·
nbri1irlate. C -· . as.: their . SUbSlhute. "··. If A . ·- ' . . .
, :. prede~e~s·e~ B, th~_:113' portion, uporn,)('s deaih.·
goes. t~ B;. ther<r: is no . substill,1tion · by,··G. \
· .. Slibstitutiofr occurs· only if both· A .:i'rid B are··
disql:Jalified:. ·, · ..., · · ,. . '( ,
,.
. ,: ~. .'.a,.• I •

,. .......

2019 SAN BEDA L:AW GENTRALIZ~D BAJ3 [Link] I , 289

 SU(C:ESSI-ON·.
, [Link]~NTRALIZED BAR·OPE!JATIONS - !v1£MORY .:'iD.2019
~YiC-2!5td·1U.-~ !42 £ 1 ¥SSic.%4fAAW5?!tS!Si :kif*E" a:,s-&S;!i,6%1'¥1\ £ 6#ft#W,..PS3! .. z¥ef¥&54Wf: &28Aia&4tS,i£:4¢5S!{>&&$[Link] 39

Dlstlnctiorr from. simple substitutlon- , Said. second heir must _be c;:apacitated to
In simple · substitution only· one ·.inherits;.· in [Link] riof the first h~ir. but [Link] ( 3
Iideicornmissary; both heirs. [Link] PARAS, supra at 244). ·
.or right to . it.--simultaneously, "althouqh the
enjoyment and possession are successive (3 c. An Qbligatiori dearly.. and expressly
PARA§,·supra at 239).· ·, imposed by the- testator (fideicomitente)
~ . upol') such fir~t heir to prese_rve the estate
Requisites· bf Fideicommissary Substitutio~: . and_to transmit it to the second heir.
(ESO)' . .
a. . There must oe a
first . hl:lir . (fiduciary).. · .The obJigation· to. preserve and 'transmit
. pdmarily called 'to the. gr:,joyment ·of 'the : ! .must be 'given. clearly'a'~d expressly, either

estate. · · ' · · 'by gjving : the. substitution . this name of

"fide1commissary -substitution," or .· by·
He. is recoqnlzed as ·an ins!).tute_d heir, and Imposinq .uporr th.¢ f[rr;t 'heir the .. absolute ·
-not.a mere administrator of [Link].: . obliqation lb-deliver. the property to second . a
· -·· · · · · · ·. · heir, ([Link],DE,·Ar. 8_67, par.,_1). If the .
. . T~e · first he\r_..'i's -:·i.i)9ee~:., al~~st,::).\ke. · <=! .. · · · . i . ~!)ligation.,.: is-. conditional, . there . _ii;;:· no
usufructuary, wit~ dh,~. right .to -enjoy. t~e-· . · ·· fi,deic_om1;1Jssc;1ry . substitution ,. (3. [Link], .
· . property, · Thus, like: a usufructuary, -he . supra at,242): . · · · ..
· cannot alienate 'the .[Link]. · s·[Link]'nlik~.. a- ~ . · ·. .·· · ·· . · · · ·. ·
.. usutructuary. he_·_is n9t-requi~,(3d·~yurlliish _a T. -1 ·
u
x..·r~.1f. a'· m,.~re ~ug'g~~(ion: a?vic~; or requ~st i~
. bond. -Also, unlike a .u~uJruetuar,y;' ~~, IS. .J..:V < /. f9a~e~n~tea.~ ..0f·0:_Q o~hga~1on,' there JS· no
a
··entitlea to refund of usefu(T~[Link]. lots~ · ff5tetcomm,s_sc1ry:·subsJit_ution. Ir\ .sl!ch. 'case.
(3 PARAS, supra at-242)/~J,-, ~ .:. . ~ -~e_r~~ijl,be -~- simple [Link]-first
·· ·:· . _ ·. /~ V, · ~,,.....Jiei&a,1d~the, second -heir gets [Link] (3
.·Pendi_n~ th·e:_.!far:is..':11(~si~9_r· a~li_fer~ ryp _'/1~ ~( . JPARA ~; supla·at _2f2).· ,., ./ .. .' ~
.(fi~u,9'.~cy) ... p-oss~s¥~s- the ~~nefic1a_l. -7~ 1"'" . \ : . . , \·_,.'.: · .: . ·
... · own7rshiP,. of;.~th~- ·g~i:[Link]..,91th0~gh: ,th~ t ~~·\ · ·: . · ~[Link]~t f~~hgaMr:i cle~rly 1mpo~ing upon.
· · ·na~ed~. ··.owners~IPf "Js;>:/e~t.ed_· On°·. tb.~ j _i' -~" .: _:· -·tpe fi~st"t11;ir th.e.pr_~servat1on 9f _the prope~y
-;,/17 ·'
·. _-fid~ic;:orrfr:1is~~ry

·.
. _.supra at 2P1L
· ·
_(.UlJR'AQIO, Sue~.e:SsiEin~~wlt
. \·~
.· · · · ~- · _: ..
,j'. . · _:.
, : w~,m)J;Jl!,i <Ii . -~wre an? 11~ itran~rry~~~.1on _t~: the. seco_n.?_· .. h~1r_,
1~J,rnrjiae1cof1?mlssary subst1t~t10.n
· .. · ..,_ c::, . . . (~lJadJ/la-.v.. cA1 G,R. No. 1-1·3725, June 29; _
The ·. fii:s.t . heir-~ may:_j'geciuct·dftom the~ . -4/;i ·. ((000)}' ~'f ' . ·., ·.·.·. . · · · .· · ---~ ·. , -· · .
,. "inM~it9nC~·'O}l~_g(ti~~t~fx),en~
:'. ne_~$ssary_ repair_s).:_
1\2)·
~ley,~tj'aili ~:;:yzf"
..
·1e_91tim~te~r.,~qits . · . -
-~1 ·. .- . t,.:.
.ai$Thl:l),[Link]·2.~
·.: '. . . . ' ·.·. ·. _ . .__
h~[Link] b~ onJy.~ne.d_e9(.ee_ . -: ..
· (loans fof , p~w~ent -.9f:.· _t~-?-E?,l;)- <?[ u.~~. _ · /' ap rt (Cl'{_lL CODI=, 1\rt.,863) .·. · .. · ._. - .·.. .
... [Link]~[Link] '($U~!'f qS. a [Link];liJ1~~:~Qll1?'~:'1-EN~h . ·'· . - : . · · .. : •' · :_: · : ·
etc·:) Ex·c~p!i_or,_df_t~e·t~s -~to~~ifrfovi~d .1 _ .. : · --~B'.tpr,oyi 1~~·-rn_at,~h~e .. substitu_!J?r:i.·[Link] n,?:-t ·.
· ~t~at:n8 ;d_~d~-~.!!?1;? ·shall bf')iia~~-r6J1JYa
:spedfi~d . ~~\?-Y.~-! :,~~~If:~., b~ .. 'de9u't~d-
(Plt:JEPA, §µpra at/52); ....
M0/\.~\.~
.. · .
: . . :·""'"-\\g~}J~[Link]

.
_ .. ?Re/,~~'gree · "from !he . Qe1,r· ..
o ·!.~![Link],IY: in~tJtl)_te9~. lti:'..Pr~seo~F9de·-has,
obv~q,LJsly:follo\N~9~ tlie .. interp~~tat1on·ot the· .. -. ·.
_)
· ·- ·, ·;_._.. · ::: : · '- -· · • .· .... . . . ·. . [Link]!'aegree·: as generation .. r-he-Gode ..ttius· · · · .. ,
-, .' b.' .. jt'iere',.
• ... • • ~ .. - •
rriusL'.,
- . •
be,,
.~
Secoricl
< • · ~-- ... :---,·. ..... •. •,
· .''heir';• ·. · - ..• : . · .. . c1~-a~1Jslr\'aicates·:that-thtn;etdi;d:,.hei(
: ' . • .' • •• • . -· . ,·
0
•. f ••
mt. isf• ' •• .
· .. ·(fideicbfnmissar:y)' to:· whom the ~property. is , :-.be:[Link] to a'i'[Link] one generationirorn-the .
. tra'rism_i,rle'ifbfttfa:_fi~~fti~ir-. t·. ;".: .. ·.: •. -.· :·. . ·:. ' .. _· . fi~sf~eil·(Rani{i-e:z v,. Ycfa. 'EJ'e R#mirez,'G.R, .. ' ... __....
·~ · '{ .:-:: ··· ... -· . : ---:,._> · ·:: - .- .. :· ·. _ " . · .· _; ~-No·. L-2~7~52, iF.ebrlJaiy_; f5,- 1982{ '·,.. · · · . ~
. ;, ~ . t-ie . is_.: a \,o:rt .. 'D}*e~d
of ·:pN_ci e r.~ Up~n . . ... ; : ·: . - .
t~e
.
'-
. transmission ;-lo him' >of-the .-prope~y.;- :full .e:- . [Link] nb~~iary:~-h~d fidefcpml1)iSsaiy rrjust
, . owr:iershfp is· [Link]~d :[Link] (.{PARAS,.·. : . : -·beJlvirig :(or :aHeasr-~·oncei.ve_d),-a·t the' time . . .
·.,· ·s_L!pia a5}~4-):-:- -·,., .'.,. :· ,.. · .. -_. _ _.· : . : ·. ·. of).be:de~[Link].·testatqr,(C/1/./L:CODE,
Aft:. 863).·. · -·-:· . ·. · .. · ::. ;c ·: · : . . ,-~ ·::·
: ·. ·, .'-:
. The I ~ec0nd. heir inherits not fr0m the: fir$t
·-- h'~ir.· li·u·t.; f~am.·· i
-th~:-- , t(;:!stat~_r. (Petei · --;j · .. .. :· Lim;ta~ipn{. :t/'~icte~~~m-;,-;;;~,;, :\iubsti~utio~:
: . :Garchitore,:i~,-.. 9.R. Np., J.1.!.93; F/Jbruary 13,. · (LOB.E) · -: ..'· ·. ·· :. · ·, . . .. '·. ·, .·
· -· · 1.9_30): A,s 'such,· he shall a'cquife :a r,jgnt tci · . · ·. :- 1, · . Fiduciary and .fideieommissary must b.e ~iving p"t·
. . . the' -[Link]'on from 'the~, •''iir-f\e . _of: tt:ie . . the time ofthe death'of [Link];'
.. · tesTator.;s c;leath." ei¢.n- th9ug_h he;j$eccm9 ' .. : ·a,:.· l.:iving .:..·this requi;,it~ is.d~firie.d in·Art:.40~4-1
· . ·heir) ~houTd die pefore tl)e ,'fiduciary;- Hi$. ; . of th'e Civil Code·. · · · ·. ·
. · [Link] p~ss to his heirs:.(C/V/[Link], · . ·. b·. Quaiified - this requisite i~ gove~ned by:Art .
. Art. 866): : . . . 1024-1'034 ·of the Civil' Code ·
..... ~.; ., . . .
.· · ·

. . . . '· ~
290 I 2019 SAN.
.
SEDA LAW.'CENTRALIZ~D
. .,•
[Link]$
. . ... . . . .·
- ... i.
 sut:CESSl'O,N
SAN llEDA'LAW CENTRl).LIZEDOAR OPERATIOt:JS·- MEMORY AID 2019

. · 2. Substitution must NO! go [Link] degree Time When· lnherftance Shall qe Transmitted to
from the heir. origiria!IY instituted; ·: · · _ - the Fideicomissary
1. Time "hosen by testator; or _
2 Views as. to the meaning of "one degree" 2. · If testator .does not fix a period, .discretion of
a. , Treditionet view (qegree· of
relationship) fiduciary; or . . '
: ....-when the law says that the. substitution · . 3. In case of doubt, after the [Link] of fidueiary (Id.
·' must not 'gobeyond one degree from the at 202). _· . . .
heir. oriqinally instituted, . .what- is· meant Is ·
, thatthefldeicommissary substitute must not 11111stration:-A, who died in 1990, de~is~d. a house
be· beyond one degree ot. relationship from and lot to his friend, F; as fiduciary h~ir',:i'nd to G, the
the·'fidu ..ciary nelr. Consequently, only .the eldest son ~o(F, as fioeicomrhissary substitute or
child or [Link] the latter can b·e appointed sec;;on9 h'?fr_(f. has) sons·- G, H ;md-1). In 1995, G
. -. as fldeicornrnjssary heir. .. died;,_he' was [Link] his two.lEc_gitimat~ children,
· ·J and K In 2QOO, F died intestate-survived by his two
r-
·-
b.. Modern·· view .• (de~ignation . .or remaining [Link], H ahd. I, [Link] .his tw,o grandchildren
· . transmission! ttememiento) '-. When the J and K. · · · · · · _
. law says that the substitution' must not· go 1. Who [Link] over the hou~e'and lot? ·
- eexpnd_c:me degree from-the heir originally · 2. y./hat.' if H. and I claim their legitim.e alleging that
·instituted, what . is: meant is <that the the house ari'd ·1or belongs· to their, father's
substitution must not 'extend beyond' one. estate?
.· degree·ot designa.t~on from the heir originally
.. institu(ed> Consequently, any person, . Answer: ·· · · ~
:. whethernatural or iuridical, or ariy entity not 1. J,and K. Upon th·e death of the testator A: G
, · .. disqualified by law to inherit from the testator acquired a .right to· suctession. even 'thougthhe
; ··can be. appointed· as -fideicomi~sary_f~eir ~edecea~ed F, ~he-fi~.uciary. The ._right ..of the
(JU~ADO, Succession, suoreet 197-198).-., n
· second 1eirs· shall pass to his· · heirs ( [Link]
~- ".'. . . - -. \ - - _ CQDE, firl. 8~6). J '.'md K .being the heirs· of. G
· ··. By· providing that the substitution shall. n,.gtr . ar~ envtled·~O the h?USe and.l~t... . ' .
- go 'beyond one degree: "frohl lhefheir' 2·.. H and I c~nnot claim their·right to legitiroe:over
origfriallf ir:,stiftite'd",. th~present".g;oae'"has t~e house anc\lot pecause they db not forrri pq_rt
'obviously.
. . . . followed
, . thefinte'rpretation
·elf":', of......
'th.e: ·. o~e estbte of. F (their.fa_ther)', [Link] be!!lg a
word'rdeqree" as generatior:i. T-n.e~<[Link]\:IS · . fi uciary •. wlio ~erely has · usufn:ictuary rfghrs
clearly indicates that tile secortd .helr must · [Link]. the subject · p·roperty. It · is - G.
_ I • v • _be,rela'!ed to_.a~.d b~:one:gene~a(j_9~ [Link]·ttii .(fideicomrnissary). :who holds na~ep ·owriership'
: firsrhe1rs(Ram1rez v.· Vda. De.Ram1rez, G}~.· ·· · · [Link] house .and lot. ~ ·.: . ·. ·, ·· · · ..1
No. L~27952, February; 15,' 19821.
lllust~ation: T in)tituted his friend A a~ fiduciary anp
'. one .. d:~gre: me~ns .~~-n~. ~en.~rationfi~ .. E} a~:°fideicommissaiy.A has [Link]!Bari'Ct-C. B'also
- c: :.PAR_AS,·supra at 244).· · h;:is 2 sons~ D and ·E. B died in ~ 990, while·T.. died in .
-
~ ,:_-
• ~.
. : .::.. r .. .. . .1'995~. . ._ . . ··.. . : . ... ' .· . .
. -· . A;-fidefcominissf;ity 'substitution 'is -vold if the· · · '_ 1'. Is there·a [Link]. fidE:?icommissary [Link]?·
- flrsthelr is not [Link] the'151 degree to. the ' . 2. Wiil A° inheri°t' frqm T? : · ·., . . . : · · . - ·...
second .heir (Ramirez, v.. Vda. [Link].
supr._~) .. · i · • · · · :;· :· ~- ,. Answe·r:
. 1. No. The [Link]~.? [Link];both_ the:[Link].y' and
~- [Link] ·.must: n9t Burden :the: legitime of fideicomrhissc!iy must be·living at ttie time-of the
. ·- corrip'uls6ry h'eirs; and . - , · . · . .. . ·, .: · testator's death:(()[Link];', /J,rt .. 8.63).'Here, B
\ . . \ . ..
. (291 idefcpmmi~sary) pre'deceaseq ttie testator.
"''. iti~· :l~gitim·e. is .·exp·re~sry.. rese~e'd fpr . the 2. :Yes. .The nullity of . the fideicommissary
. · · · ·: . c_ompulsory:heir~ (CIVIL C_OD!=, ~rf .. 88,6). ~ubstitutiQn ·[Link] n'Ot prejudic~ 'the validity .of the· .
institu'tion. of' the" h_eirs· first _desig'nated;' the
. 4·. .suhstitutiorr niust b; 'mad~rgxpress1y:(JuRAho; . · ·. · · ·. fideicomriiis~ary clau$e · shall.:: simply-··· be
Succession, supra at 197):· · · - · considere9 'as not written (CIVIL, CODE,·. Art. ·
. ·a_.. By. giv(ng it_ th& name of 9. [Link];1ry 868j,r ·
: · substit~tioo;.__or . -· . · . ..
·· b. · By _imposing upo~·the fi9uciary Jhe ab~ol_ut.e
~obligatioh .to .p(e·serve and' to· deliver the
... . ....
property-to·the fideicommissarY: ·
.J' • •
\.

2019 SAN [Link] LJ:'t'I CEf'!TRALIZED B.n.R (?PERATIONS [ 291

 S·[Link]
• SAN BE(?A LAW CENTRALIZEdBAR OPERATlqNS' - MEMORY A!i? 2019 . .
. .
tPNA:Z ,&!5B¥Mti W BS f'Ri!~ffifb' i'f' ll\SiWie:• f# kl'tSf?f!51 M'SW¥FJ# 5il §!WS4$Mi'4SW4:1,P.&·P1't#%ii
i-:
. [Link] [Link] in the form.
-AJ. of a house. Jn 'the will, .A was. prohibitedto .sell
: {Testator) · the. house. within' a period of 40_ years. Can'A sell
. . ' the house, even before-the ·expiration ·qf said
F .peripd?.: ·, . , .. · :.. · -.- ··, .. 1 · --
... -t , (fiduci_ary) ~ . \. _,; •. ··. . \ .:~ -, . ~. . ·.·
•"": . .:·
Answer: [Link]. prohibition, even if less than
20 years: cannot be.. app!ied·,,to. theTeqitirne
.(CIV/[. CQDE,·Art. ·90fl..j5ar. ·2,, 3,PARAS, -supre
• a .

- <: ·. '·1;{ a~c{l· , ' G · ··

.at.'260). · ...' · '>
. ·:: .. ~-'(F_,'~f-i~ir~L · · '(Ffd'erc:'om~issiiry}
- • • ;. ,..·.. t

·''.·.,

<,

.. .·, -; ....
... ~ .. ..
l -·'- .· ; :
'·J,
,.
292 2019 SAt.-J
. BEDAL...[Link]
~ ,._ . . [Link].
_; .

\· . ,.
 . SUCCESS:10·N .
(

. . ·SAN BEDA LAWCENTRA~IZED BAR OPERATION5_"-'MEMOriY AID 2019

?"*4 W'h&: '-* ,® ®&Esm•: ¥ iSt:~2a&i ~!hB& E£>"!rl-·i¥ffa;&>es;&AWu+i52 .;;iui1ew .• ;;stat4tiii¥it
m:i
. . .-/
' . .' l . . .
lllustratlon: ~ saidin his will; "I [Link] property in
Manila to my friend A, but F will have theusufruct for · 1 · C'ONDITIO,N:AL,··lv.f~DAL :: ..
. 10 yearsrF's son [Link] (2)'ye·a·rs;:a·nd B's· son C .. TESTAME:NTARY·.
-for two·(2)"years .. Is this valid? ... ' .· . · • l • "\ •

Answer: The usufruct is valid only-from F to B. Wh'en.' DISPOSI°TION·s· AN.D.

it comes to C, theusufruct is no lonqervalid becaus'e .. . ·; TEs~[Link],ENTARY.
- , w1:
. . 'i. »:
R.A. TERM
~ .is r already-two .degrees ay;f.a.Y {rom F ... Therefore,
after B's death, the 'ownership of ' the' property will
.- r~·..nt$pos1T1dNs
. .· . . . -·
now [Link]-ro I\ G will-no [Link] the
, usufruct, .. : ·. . . · ·. ·. . · ·· · · ·· · ·
Freedom of Dlspositlon \ . . .
Art-. 8711s a· ·~e~_tgt~rneiit'_oLth_e t~~t~to(s fr_eepo'~ of .
. · · ·· [Link] of Fiduciary: (APO) , ·: · .. _ disposi_tion. ·. · ·. ': : ·. ;:' ·' · .: -·: .. · ·
1: · .To";~csiuire· .the .riqhts .of a usufructuary'.until- · . . .· ·, . . . . . ·.. I• ,:\ .
(.
delivery tottrefldelcornmissary; , · . .- . ·, ., · Note: __ Althougb_ 'the 9'1icl~ spe_~ks · on_ly of ihstitution
2. . To'!"_E_os~ess. beneficlal ownetshi P, pendinq the of heirs: ther,e_i~ noreas~n wnx·,~h~· pr,ovisiqn cannot
· - _:.........: delivery-while-riaked-own~rship-is:.vested. in the be applied to .a·ny kind·,ar testam~ntarr clispositlon: -.
l •
::. fideicp_~rn,is_sacy. :(JUfAQ9,, -Success}on, supre : •. ' ·: ·.' ,' ': •. '. •.. . . l • ' •• -.·· '· ..... ,· _ _:=· '.- .:, . :: . '-·_'·...
. -·at201)_;and. _J .·. • . s,
The institution _of'an'heir may b'e: -·. ·
. ~3. ·.: To Qeq'u"ct· [Link]- of leqitirnate .expenses,
· credits, and improvements,:. save ih ·the case
i,:.'_pi.Jre'[Link]"pie·
. . . .• ~ , . .\ · ~ .. .
2 .. Conditional;: :
where the testator has provided . -otberwi~e 3. For,aterrri;or ...
. ((;lv_(f..' ·... CODE,··'. . /\rt .. ; .~·[J65; : ·· 'per. : 2). ·. (: . For' a'. cert~in [Link] or caus~· (modal)
. . . . . _, ·-· .. · ,,. . .;:.. . .
,· : .,[Link]~mate ~~pe~se~ .. _as:'~:s.~d-·i~ \~~ s;c\tz·
.paragraph of:Arf.:i·865, -refer to those [Link] .
. . madefor the-acquisition 'and pre'serv~tioifof th~- .
. , '<property or inheritance; · · ·
·<.~ ,•·: J ' ~ . - ~ '. . . ~ . . \. . # ('

-: ~ •• .1 './11)~/ii,~~eGt~_/·_oh
·:i~e·_·o.!!}~H}l~:d,~r -to • 1,,.

;
.
necessary as-well as-to 4se'ful' e~·peos~s. :
. ' ..
'°'\ )

.I ,I ••I ._ ... • • 'i• t

-·-
' ·•"
.. •' ,-,,.• , ,( • $
· ··.E?Cc~pti,9n:. . .. · . · . . '-"'.' · ·· · · ..
. • . ·.·,t·;_. The ~·testc;1toh;~n
\' ·,-:-
·.validly. ..• imp'ose':a.
_,· !''-" ; .. •.',,, •.
prohibificin;.,
. . . ..
. · ·- :· agains,t ttw·partit1on of the·,legitime· fqr"a_. period ·
0~91.-
-, •• • • • • ,· • • -·- • -.' .•• ~:.~ ~x~·~e~fh_g~MerjtY. (20) :Y~~frs· f¢1y1l' CODE;:
·-· Note:· ty1ore c,[Link]~be ded't:Ji::te~:t if so _provided by" the . .: · • . Art. 1983;. iJ?.,r .. 1): · · : ·· 1' ·._._. •• • • ...
-- -testator- (Id)" -' · ·· · · ·· :" '" "· · · · ·. · . · · · · · ~"- ."~ ·. · ·· ; ·. ·
·. · >·. '':· · ' ·· · · · ;" ·:· : · .- '· · .. ·' __ ._. . '. .. · ·., 2: ·:- !m·~ossible C6nditi~n~ . · ·. . . .· :.- '.. . ..
· -P.~t~fipr~ii~m·· catis'e_,(-~y: the·· [Link]\:; mal_ic~' o~ , .. · lmpo~si9le ¢onditio'ri's· a'nd those ·fontr~iy tO: 1Qw
.. _negligen~e' mu.sl_o'f cou·rse be,'sli.'~~ld~red by him. . ·or g_qod c::ustoms·[Link];1side·r~d·as not,impp~ed ·.
: · · · ·.. · · · , .- · .(CIVIL' COBE, Art.,'873)'.-:Tfis . presumecf _t_hai the .
: itjh~'-prcif)eMiis. de~trq)~d -~Ya fou~itou.s· "evenf,.Jh~-' .. ·. . ... C_Ol}ditioh is; du·e: ito· a: rnis"iake: o·r:_·.~yer?igtit, ,or .
pbl_i~c:1tio.n.-·i.?.,. g~ner,ally_· extinguished' (3 PARAS, / .· . merely.? whim· 0Y.-caprice1'of th~f~stat'¢r. SµcJi
...
···
supra:~£ ~5.3):_:;.:. < ·. _· _. ·;_: · ·: · · .· , .. ._·. ..·.·>.. .: . ~--
· · ·_;·
·
Jmpos·sioility .is to·
v ·. when-..u,-J_.'c·o~ci'ltion
determined ·at ..fhe time
th}·tLllfill~;d.-(JiJRALlO~
oe .
k~o ....:. -
:
· · _ Ohl!gatic;,ns _gf F_idt.H~.iary'._ (!:>_DI)- ··, - - · ::--:; Succession, supra at 21 t)_'-"'. .. . ·. ;. · · :
1 .. To Preserverthedliheritance;··· ':··/ ., .. • · l._
· · 2. ·.. T'6'·Deliver' the. inhefritance; · . : , · Here: the. condi°tion is· cori;id~rel. void and
:3; . Tc)~'ake-~~~~ !.~?e:~tp.:Y "cit ·_tii'e:- in.n~rita~_ee'. (PE :":'i:m0ritlen. but 'the' 'inslitution'".a'ndJE;istamentary·
. , .' J..,EQN,· SµcceSS(On;_ Supra- at:278~27$). · . . . : clisposition. . ";'if!':.· be._:" ·:s?n~)5Je/eci: a_~'.·:yalid: . .-(3. . .
1 PAf?A'S, Supra at 266). ,:·· .- . · ·_ · . . '·
..
• • • • ••• ' •• ••• ,, -. -: ·; • •

,; ..,,..,,,. ', ' . . . - , ·. . . ::) . .

. / . . t.

"·'20i9 SAf'([Link]\N/"CENTRALIZE[;)-8AR OPER'f\-TIONS I 9.93

 .Sl}CCESSION
SAN BEDA [Link] BAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY AID 2019
i.. • tro\ii\?4 .. &:::ue;1p9~ H, Z-·$#WW < ;.:f >,*:'./2;;:rt.;:;l·[Link]™' !i&IGMll*#fzWihtf5fi!2Pfiii&Hq ,;;;wa*'.?*¥4@4, {W~tJ.f¥*4!2?&Md
A 'condition is considered impossible if it is not i. Generic cond_ition to contract marriaqe:
possible. bf realization because [Link] contrary· to . ii. Specific condition to contract marriage
either · 'physical; _ juridical or ·moral laws with' a [Link]: and _
(JURADO, Succession, supra
' ... ' . ··.:···
211).
;,
at iii. Specific condition .:·not. to contract
· rnarriaqe \'.','ith a determinate person.
Article 1183. provides for: the -annulrnent ofthe - . ... . ..
obligation -. which· depends . upon' impossible Nature of condition· wh_en - . validly ·'.
~ conditions. Article. 873 'only makes the condition imposed .
:. void, but the dlsposltiofi remains valid (Id:). The . absolute condition not .to contract ·
. marriage ·when :.vaiidly-. imposed . :rs '
- A condition. pr._~hibitihg _the .co~1e$t of the will is resolutory in' character.
void (3 .TOLENT-INO;_supra at 229). . .·

,,

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·.-· : ..,
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·. 294 ·1 20i9 SAN BEDA l...AW [Link] OPERATION$ . ,·,.·

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• SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED.f!AR OPEf!AT/ONS - MEMORY ~ID 2019

e. Conditiorisimposed by the testator upon the c. · Mixed..:.. fulfillment <;!~pentjs jpintly upon the
. heirs. ·sha.11 be gov.e-rned by 'the rules · wil! o'f the heir, devisee, or l~gat~e and upon
. ·established for.·conditional obligations in all chance ahd/or will 'of a !hird person.'
· matters not .provided for· by. the . law on
. succession (CIVIL CODE, Art. 884). 2. As to the effects: .
a .. [Link]' ~r ~x -.a coriciltion upon the Die
Condition
Ariy fulfillm~nt of which successional rigl')ts, ;:ire
('
•
.
1
future and.·uncertain
.
fact or pa~t event unknown
. . . <-· ·acquired.
to'. the parties, upon. which the performance of an -e , •

coo~.
,. '• I • • • • • - \

obligation dep~nds (Cl_vlL Art. 1179).- Jhe: heir should be. living and .qualifled to
- .succeed both. at. the-time of tesfator'sdeath
Kinds_ of Condition: . . . . .and at fhe time ofIhe happeninq of the event.
1. · As [Link] cause upon which the fulfillment . (CIVIL COD_E, Art .. 10_34·par. 3)
depends: . ~ . . ,• . ':,
a: Potestative: fulfillment · depends [Link]~its: fuifillme-nt;-~the estate- shall be.'
.· exctusively'upon the .wili of the [Link], : ,· . placed' . under . admtnlstratlon ··until· . the
· orleqatee, -an_d must be perforn:re9. byhim ..,.. · condition is fulfilled; or- it .becomes certain
,:.;- ... : personally. ltmay either be; .. ·· :1.:. . /•. · . ·· .that it-cannot tie.'fulfilled (CIVIL <J'OQE, Ar[ .
.:. . i. ·Pasiliv.[Link]-:when it consists of the .~qing BBQ;: par: 1f. ": · ,. ' ·,
[Link] ofsomethinq. .. .: . . . . .
ii.. Neqative=.when itconsists-of not doing · b. ·· R~solutory or In. Die·m ~ a condition upon tf]e
or:givir:ig anyt~ing.: · · · fulfillment of which rights,'afready. acquired
...... . .~·;.... : · ·are extinguished.
General ~ule: :11 rriust _be fulfilled as. s_son i. <A'·
. • • · · :' :' - ' '.
as. th.e_ h_ei._r·"__ "" o~. th~· t~stato. r7:3deal .~_' ··: ·If the s_uspensive condition is not fulfilled or
_ _ _ : - if the"[Link] condition is 'fulfllled, a~ the·
.· ~[Link]: ·.: · .. · . . , .. · .. ca!3,Q m~y be s , the esta.t_e shallpass tothe
· .. i.: If 'the coridltion was alr"eady~omrili~. ' ·····, · legal'h~irs (JURADO, Succession, supra at
.. ·. . . -, '. . with at ttie time the hei l~arn o(the·' : - . 227). . · · · · . . • · :' . : · . ·
. . .. . ' testator's''death·: an9 . ·' . . ·.. . -- . ·· ~ . . · · ·. . · · · . _·.
I, ~ _.ii. : C_onstrUf:live. corj,pliance ...J.,(h!\~O!']ditior?'.. Term / ·.. ... ... . : .:: . . . . .
is· deelJ)ed . .,fulfilled (CIV1n90E; ·~rt.· .. · , ·,t is t. e da~ ~r time. w!ie'n a t~~tame·ii1a~:9i_sp:o~i(ion
883 par. 2) r- . . .. . ~) · ~ither, oecome?. de.m·9~dable· or, t~rmir:iates. ([Link]!L
·.·
;,,,
· .. ·f' - .. CODE,~rf--1193)'.· .·. -,: . ··, ... · __ . ·
.. . . ·.,.. . ·. : •....... : ..: ·:.. ·.~ .. . ~ ~ . ' ; ·.. . .. . ~)

Kintts of.T~·rm: · -
1 .. : SuSpensiv~ \. ,· ·, .. , . . _ ...
. . . ',. Rjght~·,(ir~.,su-spended un,tjllhe arrival of the date
, ·-or time'.de-signated by"the testator.::
• .,. • • I
. · i .
• ., •' • ..._,
-

,: ··:;·,.. ·-. -.1. ·~· . ·:· ,--~ :.l ... · - .· ... :. -... :
·', b .. ' Ca.suc11· - fulfillm~(lt depel')ds_. exclusively'.'"' ·. The leg'al heir 'shall'be··conside·red .as ca·lled-to'
... . ·· upbh· [Link] and/0r-upon the ,.yill' of ·a :ttiird · · ·-:the s'uccession until the ,frr1val of tbe·period'.·But
person. . tie shall . nqt enter i'n'to ··po'ssession .of- property
.... ' . . . . . . .. ·- . . .....
. · ,:· . . . . ·· · · . . . 1.1ntil after h_avinif given sliffici~_nt"'$ecurity, with
, ,- _. ·. General Rule:.lt.'m~y be fulfilled·at any time . · , . · · the ··interveotion · 6f •the .instituted heir.'· 1n the
- .- (before or atte_r the te~tator'.s· d_eath)~ Lin less · . . abs.er1ce ·bonc(said 1,roperty_ ~hal( be unde.r o(a
· . <testa_tor.provides· ottierwi!3e.· . . -· .. :. < ·administration (CJVIL CODE, Art. 885~:par: 2)..
•... :· : •• -~ ..• ··- •• ; •· :· ... • • ':° .. ... . ~
- \ . . .. •' ' .
. Qµali{icatioris.:.-. . . . . . ~ :. ·_ -~. , . Note: The words "or term" iri·Hn·e 2, a·na "or until
. '
:-.: If .'~lr~9·dy fulfilled at· the·On:ie. of. ~xec~tion o~ . 'the arrivar of the term" in-·lines 4 and 5 at the end
w.111: .. ·.. · . \ · . . · . : : . ·. . . 'ci .1st par: of Ar:t.:·a80. must be [Link]-'as::'it ·. :
1. If testator is· -unaware .. of the fact of _..'cci6.fli6is with. Art.· 885. In. the protoype.,. Ar:f 805 .',:
i,
... - .. .. . .. '),

fulfillment - it is,deemed fulfilled -~ . .. . . (Now .. Art. ;·880) wa$ limited ·to suspen_sive
ii:· If testator is aware thereof;· . . . · '6o"nditions. orily·sinc€fperio.c;ls were governed by
.·- .. ' . :1.) if:can'<rio ·long~·;.·be! fulfiiled"'again - : Art'. .885. H·owe--ver, some· .unknown --p·erson
[Link]· fulfilled . . ' . . ,· . . inserted' "or ter.m"· in Art.'· Which created 880: a
· 2:) if .it can. be [Link]~in - must b~ · : . : contradiction· (JURADO,- [Link],. ·supra··at
·. fulfilled against.. . 231).'.:. .. · .. .

·2Ql!:) SAN'[Link] LAW CENTRALIZ~D BA_R_OPERATJ_ONS I 295

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CJ=NTRALIZE0
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.BAROPERA
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[Link]()N:- ·:· -
·'' SAN B£DALAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY AID 2019

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• • • i • • .. - .. •

Ct!BSM'#&f? SARI 1t¢.a#AAVA!:

- . 5##6 i N !ei&i!1Sh
. 'i §$\# $ !iii ·. -
- . ri& tfN ih4 :t Q#fih. ·#-Fkt£ ..,: t41!tf ¥±?stii4 . ·W ;, · :f·S4if:.-.P
. -tit![Link]
. ffi ~

Answer: -Y~s .. there iS.9,mO~;linstitution:There is 'a .· . Principal Systems ·o.t Distribution of Hereditary.
/-
direction. _te:v·build. a:
house .. · ·-(he'' arisiJv:e.r would be Property · . :·. · ·· · · :. · ·
diff~~[Link]· tiowev~r ·· if Y was · instructed Jo _us~E: · the f. .Systern of Absolute. Freedom .of Disposition=-
money -to buy al particular thing as the statement . · th'e. testator rnayfreely dispose of his property
tdrh"s" into·a coriditrq'.r,.:' . .. . · without any Umitation·impose·c::[Link]'law;-:--.c·
2: · System of Total .Revocation' -· the testator
Note; In case' ·at doubt..' the ''\ institutlon. should be J•. cannot freely di~pos[of any·po_ction.of,his>estate
· . :·as Jo rig a·si there ,a~e: G):mipulso~· l)~i(S. for Wh?_rn
~ ...... :1' ~- ... _ .·
I,.• ·,,. ,:,~ '1': ) ... •., : ' . . •· • .• .:
· corisidered .mcdal ,.a~d riot conditional;' and where
thet~".Js,' _cltjubt ."':'IJ"ethar .astaternent is a mode or· it is. · the." law. rsserves · his estate. Re . has. free
-~ .. rriere' :sl,-!ggestior:i, 'observation,' o.(_~~pre.$sic:in of. · J .. 9i~po_~ltion _;on!y 1hen h~. has-no" compulsory.
certain .desires by 'the - testator. it. should be heirs; and ·- . ·.; , : ·- .
. · understood, ·.i!:l .; thif>latter: - .sense (OE LEON; • · 3.' §ystem of:[Link]} - thi~ is· the - .
.· ·S,tlcce'ssion, $up/a app2J. :_ .- . ··> · · . ·: ·. · . . system of le'[Link],ie: A certair:i·PQ~i9n"0Hhe estate
' . ' "i$ rns'erved bilavifor:E:oi:npulsor:y·h:~·irs. and)he ...
A--.0·?~.t':obliif~te~ ·q~~- d~~s n"c:it ~;~spend,; w.~ile a·
0

.. coridltion suspends but does not obligate (JURADO, · · rest ·is th'e free ·portion over which the ·testator
_.-,~~P-'fl~~/2~).··:, .. · ·.: :.: . .. : . ·· ·. · ,, · - ·., . . -~·- · . . . · · -has ~bsolute: fr~ii:fo1J1· p( disposition .([Link]"ON,. -·
. ... - . , . SuccessiOf?, -s_upra at:31-l):. ·.. ·::: . . --~. ,.,: .. ~,-
•. • _';,::~·.. • ., r· ~. ..._

Kihds·of Legitime: ·
1". . Fix~d ·:-''.Jhe"[Link]'u9t·pa~t. o( the.·testato(·s·._estat'e
· to-:which: a certain· class: of [Link] heir$ "'is .
• entitled by operation Of. l9W is a_lways·.the,.slfrii.e
whether they survive- alone _or w.1t~- o!h_~r classes,
~f compuls_qry;heir? .. ·< :· . . : . ,· i .:~ ...
2. Variable Th$Yaliquo~ p~rt· chang·es' 9epenping
: "upofl· whethef.thex_s~r'.vive albh!;l :o:[Link]-.6!he!
. classes· of ."i-<~ompulsory,· heirs · (JUIJAD_Q,
·· :Suqc13."ssion, S(.Jpfa at 234). · .,,, · ·· · ·
,· .- ;- . . ._._/ l \:i. : .l ·_,-; ·,,·
:,, ' ColnpulsoryiHerns (CH) s:,. -····. ·1:, ,.· ... ·:.·'.
'.,
,.,_::,· ·. .
..
~
,- ·,·;_ .. : : .. ,· ·.· - '

· Thos! [Link] (~.t; wh~m the.:l~wJias·rei.s~N:~~·th~f part :.·:.

, · oqhe"1_eaj_aj'?.('.s, ;sJ~Je· kho~~ a_s,l_~g1t1~~:/\~. sue~,
testato~nnot(depnve·theQ1 of their leg1!Jme·~x,cept .·
_by_:·,disi,nheritan£e:·. prop~rly .. eff~cted'i ·(JUR~Q.O,
Successiqn;'-~cipr~-~t}234:.?~5):' : : : /·:~- \ :. : : ·. ·
: · , ... ·L~-~iti~e:· · · .. :. ' ( ... ; .· :: -... : ·· · · > · - , ·.· ·~ . . -~ · :i=ne~ir:t~cof:a'.~~-~~:~J~~~-~~;~eg(:i~:a~,i~~ted. ii~~t t6 .
. - · :· T·hat 'p~rt.-ofihe lestato·r;s· property.\vKic~: he ca11not th~;heir fo<acq.u_ir,[Link].~ inh~ritance.'~hich>i"s.)nnererit
. ..:· ·. di$[Link]'e ~of~'6'e'c~!:Jse · th_e law. h'as .:rese:rved ~it :'fo( · ·frain:his· legiti"J'l)ate -ffliation..'(J~o6Ha.v: [Link]'<;m,. G.R,:
- · .. ,:c~~~in:~eJri\yl\o at-f :\~_!:l(~fore, cal_l.eia.·comp9Jso1Y; .. ·: . _No::J425'f;··August_;'6_ 191:9)~ .. /·. >:: :. /• '. ·. ':, : . :.-. '
: heirs (CJ.v'I/..: oopE;,P.,n 88__6). · ;- :: . .- . , .. .·: J·, · ·_..· · . _. .· ,. · :.:..:•· . :,: -.: ..... · .
·-. · · . ..· ;· -~ :, .. ·. . · .... ,, , • .' :. ·, .Note:-T~e·fait o(bei~g a.corr1pulso~,heir,:if11potie.s ·.:
.. The:1Civp: Coa.~ p9he(es to .tti~. §ystem o~ .[Link] .1 no obligabon·,ta· accept·or-:r~ceive the-legitirrifu:.The .·
· ·:: · ·-R~~ervafto~ ..whereit1. (fie fn_h_eri~anye _i~· dfvid~~ iriJo : , : . 'law cin:legitime ,is a restrictioii;;not,on _triEi ([Link]
.. /·; : ~. '. fhf·'.f~~-~ :P;?.q.i~~ !hf-\h~ ,.l~gi~i.m.~,)~h·e _di;>tti~utiqn·· :· ·: · th~'.t!eido ·a_cc:;~t{or r~[Link].t~·/~i:j"_-_iri~$[Link]'; :b~t :
. may·l:ie by law, .or _byt_tie te:5ta_tor.{>.w11l or by .bo\h (3 · on· th·e freedom ""of. the. testator- to dispose. of. his
. f!.1RAS; suprdaf2~6~2.97).:":-.. · ·. ;.. . ·· /,. ',. 1 ptoperty ([Link]=NTINO,)upra'..at 252).. :'(h.~£.are .
, r:. .l-, · .., .., · · '. .· · -~·· .· · \ ...,· . G<;1lled compti'lsory; 9_nly [Link]·e tJ,e te?tator. ca·r;inot · ·
, .li'.1.1rpos~,9f_l.:.egitiii:Je: : " . . : , .· disreg'ard them)3,PARAS,"suprci:"at-301}.. ·:t. :; : ·. :_. · ·
.- To. protect the': co'mpulsory,'heirs :for whom Jhe .. · . .' . :··. ;.·. ·:7 ~ .,- ···-·. '. ·,./ ;:::.'· · .•_. _·:-:.· ,·.. . ~·:.··_ •
·t~sfatir-\s_ P.t~.s_u~e_d 'Jo. "h~ve. ,(pa~~r:i:t~"i,. _fi!i§![_;or,·: . :· kinds ~t"Con{p:u!sory· [Link]:_, . . ··: ·:. :> -. , '·
.. · ... [Link].Y,~aLq~lj!;!_~.ti9r1}9.:~e~erve,._P6f.1ipn~.;.of. hi~ e~!ate:' . - . . :~.. P~irnary.~,t~6se who [Link]~ys:en~itlid."td}[Link] .. ··'· .
. . f~~Jhe b~ref!! _ofs\J~~- ~.eirs _from his ang';?r._or negle_d_ -~· · '. le~i,tim~ rega_r.dles~ · of th_e··c1.a·s~. of"'C~mpuls9cy.
_(~Uf?,f'.D.(!,:-Su~ce_s.~1qn, suprf;J c1.t ?33). · , ·. . , · . _. h.~1rs ":"'!.t~ ~b1ch theY rriay .~[Link],:Q: /,..GD):.._ ·
,., . . . ~- ·, $,[Link],ida'rf-."t_hos,e~/who inayib~r~_Xcl0d~cl:)t
. ." The .c~-us~·o(acUqn~-fo enforce ·a;l_egitf'rne accrues . : · · . other- CH and succeea only in the absence of the
··:., u'pc;m the· [Link]~ "of:th.e ·aonor:cJ~ce_c!Einfsince it is only.. . .. .. primary CH·.(e.g: LPAor /Pf·:: - . ··. . ·. ,. ... .-: '
then' [Link] 'est~i'te niay, be: ascertained and on"• 3. '··COnGurririg ·...: thOSE;l. wh<'> ·~uc~e"ed. together [Link] . ,
_,- ·· whiCh·-·: b8si~/ ·~ tf,~- .:)~gitim~-~.':· m~Y-- .:~.be 9etefmih~8 · -~ or
. · ~ ttu{ prima·ry S_ecolidary CH (e:g. Jct)an.~ SS).
"(firiperi8J.v.: CA; :G~Fl. No.. 112483,
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OCtob'ef a; 1 Q~9)/.
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. SAN SEDA
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t.:[Link]~IZED .BAR 6PER/•:rioNs.
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 ·SUCCESSION
SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR OP~RAT/Of,JS ."- M_EMORYAID 2019 ·
~~f'\\18·&=i4 t 1R.~'#!t!¥ r >. ¥· e ti fr I f.2',1:iM#!a-·wc::,ktf!J&#t· %1:·1· l..fiWSSi!ZS_MZ#S#t..ZWkfa§ t3i&flt#H¥t c&#-h -
1·::
:

Note:· For illegitimate children to be. compuJ?OfY .

heir.~/they illu~t be re<::[Link] (3 PARAS, supra at'. . ,,. ....
301 ). Mere proof .of filiation is not enough-; wnat is · / . 2. The rem_aining:- 1/2
. important ·is recogniti_on .. of that . filiation (Nobie v. _st,all be a\ -the free·
Noble, G,R. No. 17742, De_cember 17,.1966). disposal of the
/ . .. -
·testato'r. ·
;,-

C9mpu!sory_-Heir$ · · , s· • 'l;' The l~gitime of the $S.

1. · lf-Testator is a-Leqitimate Person . shalf \l:Je· taken only
a. . Leqitlrnate, . , Children and Descendants · from tfie free· portion
· ·. ,._,. ... (LCD); . .
. ~: In default of the' foreqoinq- .. [Link] .. : ~~ilL CODE,· Art .: 1/2; ,
Parents and [Link]): 1/4 ·· · · · · ~ · ,. ·
· ·• c:· Surviving Spouse-.(SS); . • · . 1 LCD; .(CIVIL · · . 2: _ If! ... c:;a~~ of legal
. . . . SS . . · · . separation, . · the
.9. (ll~gitimate Children and Descendants (IGD) · CODE; . : surviving spousemay
· · :.Art. 892• . . ... inherit 'if.·· it" was the
.. · .Note: (c) and (d) are NQFexcluded by (a) & (b) . ·par. 1). ·deceased who'. h"acf'
. neither. do th~y,~[Link];J.e-one .[Link] (JURADO, · . -given ~'caus·e · foi · the
. (. . . ' Succession, s"upra a{ 234).- . . .: . · .. :·· . . '.~ • ·s~1".ie :,91v1t_ 'ccce; . ' . .
-', . ' /VJ:.89?). ·. . · -
- .. ·2 .. l_tJest~t_orti~ ~nllle'gitimate Person · · ~ . "'·""_,......,..--1_.--.~-..!.._-1---~-----'---.:...i
·. '- a., ·_Le~iti_~ate :childJen· . and_ Des~enr\_dc!nts
(LCD) ..
T· .1.
.»:
V · .)./-./
:x--r· -1 .. Divide· 1/2 .. of, the
J-
.-·· ·
'estate-by-the ·number .l :
. <5_· :·ll[egiti~ate .Ghii°dren··. a;d/B~noaots~..:.:,_~· .: · :,,;, -_ t.. .___-, :
ofitCD::- · .: · ·; -:
.: _(l~O); .·. · '. · : . /..(;., ~ .: 't . : ·,·A,. . ':
·2. ·i('there··_a(e two .or
, ..' Q~~ ·. ,._. ·.mor~ · · LCf), .. the
l- ·~i't . .
_. c.: In .default· o~ __th(·for{g~'ing/J'llegitimale.-.'.f:'..,- . ·

l ,... .. . ·'.-\. •(,''

· .. · · ·.Parents·(IP} only;: -_/~ / / ·· ~ Si=\[l_e_as.. .,
legitime· .cif,s'$ns~the
d .. ·· S~rviving Spouse (SSJ° ( C{[Link] CODE, Art. 2 ..Qr· J·{.: ~-. : t.~af. of~\..'. . ·s_arije qS t~at6f e?~h ·

. . .. - . . -~ . : ?
. . 887).' .-· - -- . .tf""·"> 7 \ more ·eaRl\.it'Cu ·. l[Link],,anp-1t [Link] be·

··s~m~ary ~f-_G~!"'~_i:?l)~~l~s~: ·. · ·. . ,·
1_.. Dire~t des_ce1Jd1o_g)n~-I_,~ . ~. ·v;-~l:£!& .· ·.- ··.
1:z.\t-5' .[Link]
:11:1 · ,;~:J;fD; ·, (~IMJL·•: , [Link]' from
_: .
c@i:gF,·_]1 _. p9rtion:(.Gl'(ILCQf!E~
A,tf ff92J ._Art:, 892.) .. '<
:rree

·
tne:·

tw~~~
-~~-1- .· ; . . . .
-·,. ·. . a:' ·.R__ ti!~' of. [Link],nt::e-.b.e.
\ro.,, -~~-· ',_:,· -~- ~~~-'&'" ;· <!. -1~~-- ..
lin~$'-r, . . . , :. _-__-. -i:-"°";' . · · .. -~ 3) P?r:._2)- · · · 3 .. [Link]?!,,. ~etjLJ~~!ng ... th~ ' · ." ,
:·_b: .RLJ.l.~[Link]~irri~ty,,: .. Je_g1tone.of~t:)e··~-[Link]
·. c .. ~ight _o f
re_p_;r_~se__ nt.~t16.2~a__ ;1c/"infin_i(~i~~a.~_t]j "'~j jemai~in_g ~~all be at,
. , · .. pf_pn~dec?~s~.:-1nc~_Pcif.'tY., ..o.~d1s1~.11s_r,1ta}ce, ·. · 4,4\ ... --:· _: .:._ .-:. · .. -.
:.t-~e ,fr~~ p1spos_al .. of_
· .. (lf:·te_~~[Link] .. l?._a-le~_1t1mat~ P,e~sd~:· [Link]~r~ . .:_ :. , _ . , : · . the testc!~Or,: . . · .
· .... ·--~an· repr.e.s~r!;Jf tesJaY~tis,an 1lleg1tim._at1::'[HN'l'~ . -·~- .. :' .:' f:Th · _1 ·-r ~ ,,. f ·tf ·...
.... '"' · ·· pe_rson:·.both:~OD aAd_;IED~~n rep;esent)~~ , ~- _ ·- ... :· .,, ~:. eg_11rn.e ·:.9 , . ~: . . .
1~~~ ~\\\;'i-·:~ ; '.'.' · · . ·:_· JGP. ·
.Z~Nit~_6?f~ti
',,•
d, .::lf~a_ll'. _the.- .. 1.:~~'-,r~p,udiat~: th~ir..1{[Link]-e1 sh~IJ·. ;~~ .,-~a~~ri _· ·.·. · ;

:_···,- _· . . ·. ; . ·__-;:~\{gehi!r~;'.;.n-~~ t~D?u~cee~~ ~ .. : · ~/2;' ·_ ·; 0:.·

· .
· ' · .2 .. Dir,ecl'ascending line - · ·. · · ·' .' :.... · · ··112 of-1 -£3:88): · :. . . . _
.. )'.··a~--·,.·Rtii~ 0r."'di\/is1on'o/lines· . ·:·- ·... . ·--i- .'. ,•· ; [CD. '·, 2 .. , lf1.,Gi;![Link].s.eyeralt1C:
. , ·. · . .-_b>- ~-61~·6f-~R~_ai:dfvi~i?n..:.: · ~-: :,.' :_'.-.. :/GP'. . _f·:'cc;v1.{·: .·:· / _:::·:.:~·11.;:ft(e: __ :~~b-rti?~- i·s;
· 3... Norv-1mpairmeQt-of.leg1t1me . . .. ·. . · · ::··,·:·. · · .. , IC~· , · ·coDE .. , / .:' · ~!:!ffi't1e . nt, __ :,ea.~h IC,
.. '.· ·: .,! .. : , .. ". _gets 1/[Link] sh,;[Link] of.,
· · ·._-·:"_.•_. · · · ... - •· : • ., , . • ·· ·-
•.. Att. 8~5, -· :.:,:... 'rt:co. :. ,_::--:.,
e_~. ·. . · ··
• . • ... ·a· , .·• , .. - .
-· · · ..... ·,_ .. · :"._ ... Tab_le#"b_ f Le.·gitim. par 1) · · ·~: . . · . . = ~- : · · ' .
K- If: ·:fr~e portig_n :is· ·
.: ··

Legends> · , .· . .; · · . ·1 · • • • : •• . • • • • • · • • ·• •

.. ·.. tCO =.Leg.it_i_mate Child~ ..e~ra_n·d·Q~s.c~npants·-·; .. , . ,, ·,·.. . .. \insufficient [Link]-· ·•. ,

[Link] =·lilegftimate.-[Link] Descendants . · : · . .. ::_·../ ·_:_'._:_·._:..· _.:_._:._·: :°_~:_·.-.;7:_~-- -·~_-q:a_u.~oly,:·.~--~jh_·e_-_)C£?
·· ...
ss· = Surviving· [Link]·· . -:- ... · · .':'- .. : . .. . · . - '
l.:f?~=::Legitimc;t~,.[Link] or A_s_c.ericJclpts • ;. , . · · :- .· .. - -·· .· 1. "[Link]~- are.·2.--0,..,mc:ire· .. ' ·. : · . ·:
' •, • • ~ :· •. . • ' ,..- .. ('.: "•.t •• • I
IP=· lll~gitirn·ate Parents,.: _:;. · · · .. ··. ·:.,. ·• · ....
#, .,•· • • '•

. 1(2; ·~, LCD;·. the. legi,t1rn~.;-.<?f · · · ,·:

·ACpA-;do tea [Link]·<:,.(·.'·:".< ·.::.·) ... ·.::·- 1/4; ·:.
. ·:tti·e·ss is'.the same as· ·.. · ·. :
·LCD;·. ·112 of-f. ···tt1afof·eacf) LCD and: -· : _.· '._
. · ·ss·; LC(Cli/LL ,· ,. Jt s·hall'l:ie. ·tal<eo from
112 ,. .· ·_: ..1 :· •'oJvicie :_-·b.y.·· uj~ · #.. ' .o.t
·,, . ·. ·' ICD . . . CbbE, . . . the~free pqrtiori:( CIVIL
• LCD - (G!VLL ... / . . · · LCD; ·yvhether·· they_· :·.: . fl."r(-'895, ., , 666'1=;·:"Art: 892). ··.
. ·. · ,900.f, - :: ·. -s~rvive· ~l9ne ·or witt\
A_rt. ~88). : ·concurring·CH.. ·
· P?r;.1 r ·... '2 .. ttie. :_!~gitime'. 'pf . the:
· · · ICD shall ·be - tak~n
. >..
. - '
. 29s_ . , · ~01~ ~EDA. LAw cENTRAuzED sAR o'i=>liRA,,oNs
. . . ·. sAN
.. _,· . . .. . . ~ . ' '
 SUCCESSIO-N ·
. SAN OEDA [Link] OAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY AID 2019
. . . '. . .
. .
. ft; a;@iU?? i:#'. 44 425 ZZ ,a:;esu
. &£: t !4!?f4¥, St ##1t'±d?il&S?'S 3,:w 2H&,es2;s-ve: a9'§'£ ..• ·WC:tei
, t & s:;:c ,&44: <tlV'G:

from the fr~e ·p9rti6,o must first be fully

provided that the total satisfied . (CIVIL:.
legjtirne .of. such(IGD, CODE, Art- 895 par.
shall not . exceed the 3): .: -
free portion and that 2: The· remaining , 1/8
the leqitime of the ~SS · ·-- , may .. be' . freely
must first , be fully disposed . of by the
satisfied . . (CIVIL testator (CIVIL
CODE, 13rt: 895, pai. . COQE, Art. 899).
3). • • l ~ •

1. If there are more than

3: ,In case : of . [Link]
1- ICD · di~id.e equally
ICD: Ji'?.· . among them: "
a:.'-lf free .. portion is ·· (CIVIL .
ICD ·2-. The.' remaining ·112- ..
.. : sufficient, .each I~ CODE,
. . shall- be :at the free
·· · gets 112,of 1 LC. Art. 901F · : disposal .· ···Of :. the
b. 'If "free portion is :
; 'testator. . ... -
insufficient, - divide. ·
... · it among the· ico ·1J3; The rernainlnq ·113 ·s~ai1·
.· .. equally. - 1/3 . , be attfie free disposa_l bf
. SS;
·(CfVIL: the : Jeslator . (CIVIL
1 .. This· rule. : ~pplies . ···ICD.
' CODE, CODE; Art. 891). . .
whether· tfig~,'' survive
Art, '894). · . - .
1/2 . alone or .. ,with -other.
(CIVIL.:, classes of CH. · · . .1. One· third . (1/3) if. :
LPA I ~): r • •

CODE, 2 -,.They inherit in default· marriage. rs in' articolg'

.l Art. 889) .. · of' LCD· of testator.s mortis . and. the' ·
· - 9th_~rwi~~-li~y a·re? . testator .spouse died
·e~cludJcl.-: · ·. · within 3-: months: after .
the. marriaqe.? Note:.··
·l ... :th.~/4 t~ ·iich 1c.o·. \
. ~-- . . . Applie,s'only if it. was ]. ·..
'·. _is_ entit1~:~i};ta~0 ·'
::. . the · deceased who
-- · fror\J ..~:_ei,free gortion l
··· (GI_Vlb ~CODE, Art.} was ·the . party· .in
1/2; ~ · · .. 896).' . ' · ~ , . danger· ofdeath at the
\ time of .rnarriaqe; and
. LP.A; .
. ICD'
1/4 · ,2. The·.· 1/.4 'shall · b,e
(CIV,IL·. · , ·. . ·. d1,vi~ed·- ·. e!'.}~1-·-.-..- if . .
if. the caase·of deathis
,- the· SAM·E. as ,
the· .
. .COPE,·· . shares·a'mong se era!'.
. . sickness, ". ·[Link] or:
· Art. 896). . · i'c;;b. .
3:
T~e. rem~inir'lg .·1l4 . { .. ·' :_113; ..,.·: .:. i_~ju_.ry:e~J.sii9g ·at ... the.. _
: . . :. .. . shall' be
·at.-:the. fre·e' . . ',• . ' 't/2· · t1m_e of rnar~1age - th.e ·.
• · · · · .' i .,- ., disposal · .. the'· .:- "'. · - ·. ·.. ot'· - i, ,·:.ji{ . . : pu~pose 91 th~ law
.- • testator:- · · · SS . {CIVIL .· . .. b~in~.· to ,avo1? .. _a
. CODE~·.. . . : rr:ia~~1~ge . p~rely . ~?r
1: The l~gitime of th~'.s~ Art. 900).... ~: fin~r:ic1al : g_~,n: .. Jh1~.
· .. '1{2; shall be taken -frorri · · rule apph~s only·to a.
1/4 ,.. : : the fr~e·porti~~- .. __, . -· '• .
: .case· of testamentary · ..
LPA;
ss .tcivu. · '2:
Th·e. · remaining · 1·14 . . succession . · .· -~. (3·· ·
CODE; ··· shall ·oe·· at the · free· ·. PARAS,. . supra at
Art. $93):·. ···. disposal .. '· ·of ( . the. - . _[so)... >: . . . . , . : ,
· : . testator. · · ,,, •,I
2.'··0ne half. (1/2), whe·n
...:,
they _hqv~-lieer:i [Link]'
:.1': The ie~itim~ of th.e ss as husband a11dwife
.and ICD· ~ shall: be
.
1/2· ' for more than 5--years
. 1/8'. -; .' -taken from the · free / .[Link] marriag~ ... :in.
'lPA; portion" provlded that
1/4 . arliculo morlis ·.
SS; ... . the· . total legitime of .
(CIVIL . 3. If marri~ge. is · not iri
ICD such ·ICD shall.~"not
CODE, articulo mortis, : SS
Art. 899). .. exceed.~., . the free· . .
portion, and that the
sh~II inherit '1 i2 of -the.
estate
iegi{ime :· ot the · SS-

·2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERffflONS I 299

 SAtt_ 8~011 LAW CENTRALIZED BA~ OP~~T/ONS - _MEMORY AID :2019

[Link] ·f nh~rifed_,by theparenls' O·r'asc~[Link]-the

other-half by the adopters. (JURAD'O,.· Succession,
4: The remaining one. s~pra·at 241). r: . _ ... . ·
. · half.1/iin (b) and (c) ·,· : ·•
-, ;
". herein shall. beat the· · 1.; -: tegitime qf'Legitimate Descendants , .
- . free disposal of the ,~. -'Consists' of ,1 /2-·of' the' hereditary estate ·of their ~
. . 1, ·'°' · ... testator · . . leqitimate parents or ascendc1nts; :~hile 'the other .
half is. at the latter's free disposal·(C/V/L COpE,
Art. BBB)..... . .
IP .. ...._ .. "·

., .·.· .
.» ••
. ;.. :
~pe I -20i9_SAN BEq_A IJi..W. c::°E.NTRALIZEDJ3AR, O~ERATIONS
 I
StJc~cESS.'iON
.. .
SA,IV BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED
. . BAR·OPERATIONS- MEMORY
. AID 2019° · .

c. If both LP dies before. the testator but: · .:··: [Link]··-cNrna/ ''.'- [Link],: G:R.:. No.: 13.3778,
i.. _Survived oy ascendants :of., equal March 1.4, ·2006)._·> · : ,. ,
deg~ee; legitii:ri~ shall°be divided equally . ,
between :the paternal and, maternal lirie .... / :· If theparty dies attei-:th.e0ehtry: of judgment of·
· · ' ii. S_urvive<;l by ascenqanfs .of different .. · ;-:< __, . nullity, or· annulment.' the: [Link] :0shall be
degr~es, legitime' shall pertai~ entirely .. : . .: binding .upon .theparffes a~a their successors-;
t9Jhe ~~arest,degr?e (C;t_VIL GODE: · .·. '· in-intejest in !l'le [Link] 'the
_Art. ;890; [Link],· Succession., supra - reqular courts- (A.M. · No.: ·02011-.10-SC, Sec .
,at.245~24[3)t C '.. .,, ' ,/·. I .. 21(6))\rhe survivor .is 'no ._longer. 'the~;spouse
; .,', ,,_- j •• ,;t. - •• ' • ? -· . ,' ,.'entitle·d,to ·~:_legi.tii'lie.·· " ..... · .' .
I { • ·,. •• '~ -~:" ; ,,,, ..... ·
lllustratio'n: · X, ··the testator:, has-.,.an . e·sfate •. • ... ·1 •• ::~ \ •••• • • ~-- ,: ,· •• , ......, • • • .. • • •

· ~mounting to:P'240;obo~:,x ,was sµrvlved_qy: his .. '.·-,1 Cegal· SeparatloriI'. , : · ·.> : . · .· , .. · :. · .

father _F,;mother .M, p;:iternal 'gn,1n<1father PPF, widow or .,./icfowe·r wili be~ntitled. [Link] . . \: rtie
, [Link] _gra_ndmother PGM, mate,rnal · . only when 'he or/she is the 'innocent spouse ,
-· ·· grandfather MGF. · and -mate qi al grar:idmother. . · · .... ·(FAMILY. G9/Jf=.,tiAit. 63, ·par-: 4): ·._ :· r ::.: . ·
. :[Link]: ·. . .. ! •. ;.. :: .. ,i:· :;°,: ' ·i ' ·• ,.. ! ·, '.:°:°-· •"..f",( ;"!,, •' • ( :t: : • .r '"'\ '.•' , • 000 • 4o • ~: • ,\ -" 0 • ' •• :._.·.-:~ '1

· ,, ·a·. :·How;haf his [Link],ba:d1~1decl?. ·,· :,.'.·f-: .. - . lf·'death .occurred ..durinq; thee1:pen'd~ncy·.of-th·e ·
> . · . · .·'' >
• • .r :

. : o: ' ·If F pre·de'tease_d-)(?. ,' ..: ; .•.- , ,. . . . legi:i'ii .~ep~r:ati_op· prq~~edi~gs, .lhe. effect shall
· . c. If F, M, ar:id PGM pre°c:leceased-X? : . . .. depend-on-which 'spousedied.e c '; > ·... . ., .
\ .:-· .. . :..: -·., •• -~ ... :· .; ·~ -
• : 1 •
•. \. •, ._.•, ,1"~,. ;. •
·•
. ;~.. ··...:
• •
• · /·:~~~··: ,~i.t ·;:::~::.,.·:.1,~, .... ·~-: ··.}~··.1 .:'('; • .::._ ;.1 . ';~·; .. \· I'•

ia,- ·
l.f ifwa$. t~e-plainfiff (innocentspouse) who: .
. ., . died,' th.e.', pro~~eding>-sr~a)!' continue. to
: . , ..... ·,r,determine.'whether-or:noOher.e is ground for
: ·' ' ,:·,i~gaf'": s~·pari:ltidil;,\~lilicli !· ihgll , jtis\ify .. the
-~- .....- ~ · . exclLJSIOn_ ..,:'of ,: the survivinm-· SPOL!S~ "fr0rn
· inti~rit~!1ce '."(DE ~EON;' :Succession, . supra -;. .
· · :. ..at·3J.1). . . . . . ,- · · . :'. - .
. . l- : b.~·.-1.f:f.,Yci'~ne .d~fe_n.d~~ng~ilty·s~p~se)·,~ho'.
. :;.,·:;-,,. ·\::'·d~t:!cl;[Link][, ·}e,~a).;~:"·epq~t1on~. pr_oceedmgs
. . , -.:-:.:. , ..: ·,~ ~[Link]€1,:b.e\tem:iio9t!:JdJ~!;'IMf.b;'6~[Link]~;,; Art .
. -=-~ '·t·: 6!3; .•dJRAQ.0, $pccession:·-~'!praat 236) .. ·
( ·; _ · · ·.:/<. · ~ .. <) . _.:·: \~,: :r ,.. . . .
·. · lri casg~oLreeo~ciliatioD. und~[Link]. 6(3(1) of the ..
. , : ".r ..... Fa°rnily)OQdEl.)· ~b~l:ii,on·~ ·of.,th~. :spquse$':[Link]: ..:-
. · , ' ··die, ;_ti,~ IJ:igal°:~~·pcfr'atfoi,,.. p[9cie¢lingS:·w.hic_h is . ,
, : · ·. equal degree. of· tl:ie: paternal [Link]. . • •·· , · 'til!J.. p,en'l:Jing.!~J1';3ll-,be.~·,ter-mip~tE;?d·. a·r,whatever
,
. , , - :: ·1ines·,:t~e:-:1e9itime.-sball.
1 ..._, , • ,
b.e,.
-• ,
-divide~f
~
,equal ;f'
Y: . . , . ~ . ~stage:,-'?The- su~ivotgefs~ ,I I • ,.
bis:
.(- r. \
o'.n· he( legiUme;°
·.':'( - , :·- ·b.e~eirJ. . :,.b.~,tr. ,- : ·lir:i,e.s,.·.~ _(CW!'. ·, .ti©[Link]; '. . · · · - ·. -:-r.~Q~irdl~ss [Link]~ther. he . t>r_· sh~(is :tti~ @L!il~y., _
I --, , ,

,. ,·, ·
.. , · · Ar_-t,89Q[2]}: · ·-_;,.: ·.: ·, :: .., :·.; ,.', .-.,.,:·, ·, ·,,,{:: · · .· · : ... · ; party (FAM/f..YCOQE., Arts. ~3·arid 6~).,: : .. ·,.- · .
,.·.· .. : ·~·· . <_ · . .... ~.· .·.~.' :_:· ".i_ . ~- ·,. .. · ~:.1 ·· . .-..··.. "::~.-. ,,. . ... \ .. " ..~.;·l";: }:~·f·:,~;·\-~F·:·~~-·,L. ~\;l~-~=:-~:. .-i. ·.-· . ~.~~:~'f!.~1~;:;j•}'. :· ·: -
/ 3. ·L.:e·gitime of [Link];' .. .-. <, -~\;;. ;;.,;):, \ · .:,<,.. ': Legaci·or:'devise-to~s'ur:viyiri'g:·s·pous·e· . ;· ·. .
'.: _. ::·Ehtitl~d :to'.ra .·_legitim_e·:._the.[Link]'louri(:of ·Which is. '' ... -.~ :.. ·.'.·.:.Aiii ,dev.i~~;;_or ,_ l~Q~GY,·-:giy~ri:ft();;,the(surv;iyjng :': ..
·' · ~- -variabl.e \depending '.-qpori •:w_t;iethEl.r· J,e.,9i··: t_he. · · . ';-< : spow?e': ~hould.:i q:e:~.[Link].i~~ree.:,as:· t)eipg_ i~· :_
• sLicyjv~::;. ·. 8i_lo~_e,,,~(t.' 'Qoncurreotly. . :: [Link]::>;'oth~r: ; . . a~~_ition.· t~>~isi._pF."-her.:.:,'[eQitim\:l,, . .-.aq~- m~~t .
. ·.· .. _ · CO!Jl.P,Ulsory~~tr:s (Jljlj?A00t$.l!.c_o;;s$i(?n{/.~upra , __ !her_efg~~ )je :-~t:iarge~_.to_;Jh~)_r:~e·?ort!qn_. :.~!;fth ~
.. ' . . ' ' at 285)~. ·. •:' .: . •' - , - ': . .. • . . ", .. ,. ,,,' ..., .• ·... . •_: ,,. ."' ... ' .. ·[Link] . or·• legacy,·' shoul,d be. ·[Link] In ..tfier .• -
"- ·',·; .- .. <·,, . · 1 > .·
\ • , \ I , • ' •
.;.'J:• ,:1::, ·:.· '. . _ ,-:·1sa1Jl~ f9oti_ng.•.as-·.t1:(0set·giY~.n·t_<;>.:strangers.(3
· 'the,;, condition·, of being ·a.- .sur:v,bdng, spouse. / . : . :- l?ARAS, sqpra.-q{ 3?13):: ,:.:-. ,;:·:.. · .·.,;,:·Y,,:· ·
: . . . ·, - re~uir~s tha{ there. shou'ld. have: ·-,i-vai_id ~e.~n : . •;\ -:>
·.>,:'t :~'·< . ·<_-::· ·. ,_.;{_·:.:_ '/.-/,\: . ., .. :... ·, .,:.. , .,.,
' . .., . '... : rifarJjage·. ·.between\·l~e .. ,. d~<;:e~sed :· Ei°np. ·:the· .:-.- . 1.' 0(111.e1Jitjmate -De_sce.~tl~nts ·._ . .', . . . . ' ~ Leg1Um'.e.
·i ·._ ·-, ..t. suryivqr fld,.-at·.-284-i~B5),-:.. ·· -.· ·. '. >~· ~ . , ·, ·,,
The.· ·amount1 :,Qt_,Jli~ir :':.[Link]~· ·is·, ·'lar-iqble · _
.. .'. . ...... :-. :,,,·>>..~:.· •. \;·:; ·._,·, ·.· :~i· ,. ,: ; ·..· ·,·· .•'dependirig upon,[Link],they'[Link]-it'alone·er:as> :
. , .· . . . Ar:inul~ent._.of void~il!e ·,il'ar~iag~·· - Valid, until_' ',' · .. - . a· d?~S - ~to'[Link] ·,v.>ith_. o"th~~·.::~l~$~l7!:~ ··'of : or
. -:.:- : :-.decjared-:void .by a comp,e.te_nt court; (Dio 1/ Dia, . ,. compulsory, heirs (JURADO, ·Succession,, supra - ·
, G.R)Vo.'d7B0.4.4, Janu_aiy. f9, ~011)./. · : ,-' · ' ... ,. · ~at:290):: .. ·" ,.. ·. ·..~. ·~:,· · · .. : ·:.·· .. · · ·· · .. ~ ·. ··, · ·.
··~ ....... ~ .... :·_:~'. .. ·:;:·-~·, ...... ·:.{·: .:_· ... :,. .......... __ ..... /· ,:·:; -·.,,~- ·- ~: ·~·· ,, ·:.. ..._ . ,.·· ... ::. :. . ;· .... :. .... \._ ...'t::_f,
· · In · c'?se of death of -a :_partyrdy~if19'. ~h~ : , · :.. · l:Jnd~r·,th~::f.:.ar:njly,: Code., ;there .is: no· ·more·
anriulmelif . proceedings; the-. slirvi/or'.- ·:is'. · . ' . . : distinctipn··,.beJv;een·,··c;lCKriowledged: . natural
.. entitled to a ·[Link]: beicause r:narriage can no ·_ -°:'childre'n and ,ill_egltiinate .children .. [Link] a·~e ~II .
· · 1onger·be. annulled.·after the
. - . death
. . of. on.e ·of
. the·. · · · · .· .. ·

... ...""
~-
) .. 201~ SAN:BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS 301 ·
'
 SUCC_ES:SION:
SAN BfDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY A!D 2019

. .
.. considered as llleqltlmate. -[Link] 5:4 rstio '. to·. reserve such property as he may have-acquired · ·
no longer applies (Id. at 292). · .. , by [Link] law for the benefit of relatives who
·are [Link] degree and who belonqto the iine
It is, the [Link]-the: parent and- not .thebirth of from whichsuch property came (CIVIL ·CODE, Art.
the illegitimate chiid-~hich -deterrnlnes the right 89_1).;· · .. -· .. .
of such child to· succeed (B.u(os v, · Tecson, GR.
No::k.i-1'8285, October 31,'
. 19f,j).
.· ....:·· .: i .. Purposes: , ....
.. t To prevent persons who are strangers' to the
When an ··i11e9iur)'iate chiJcr .o'ies·· .before the family, from acqulrinq, by some chance or·
testator, his rights to the l_~[Link]~·,are. transmitted. accident, property whic_h otherwise would have
to h'is own, helrs. Representatives [Link] be -remained with the said family (ld.,at 247);-and
legitimate or illeqitirnate 'descendadts- (CIVIL . 2. .To maintain a separationbetween ·the 'paternal ·
CQDE, Art. 902).. :- . . · '·'and:,maternal lines (3 TOLENTINO, [Link] 'et
270). · :~: _ r, · · · . > .
• •

. . ..
30_4 I 2019 [Link]-BEDA LAW C~~:,RAUZED:BAR OPERATIONS
 ··SUCCESSl.o·N
• ·· · . ~N BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS - .MEMORY AID 2019 . . ,~,.,,..,, •.,,,. ..,,
;is: : st& 4194# &f •s<<pe +±! W'ssm,sett,'EifJ •s;; iiHBf5 t •:a!i,s;;ft12 s
0 1 g.µp.;, k &:4t,A?•$s:e:, sa•~ :sisn1d is15p:,,ri-r.M;r.:.,·~2~
Note: The fourth requisite is someti,:nes·[Link] it . While [Link] owns .the· prqperty, there is no
is submitted-to be merely a· resolutory condition, .not reserva· yet',' 'and therefore, the origin has th"e
a requisite (/</, a(248). · -r · · · perfect right t9 · dispose of it, in any way.-he
: wants, subject, ·h9wever: tor the rule on
·Note_: Reserve tronca] contemplates leqitirnate inofficious donations ·(3 PARA§,._supra af322).
relationship. llleqitimate relationstilp and relatlonship
by affinity 'areexcluded ( Gonzelez v: Court of First If !h~ origin of the property is a broth~r or sister
Instance of Manila, G.R -. ·No_. - L-34395,- May· 19, of the · full-blood; the · question·· of line is
1981). ·. Preference is given.,to the direct line as unimportant. However, if the origin is a brother
against the collateral line, and the rule of ,' ..nearer or sister of the half:blood, the common parent or
_. ~x~lud~s .the. fath'1:fr''. also. applies ·(Florentino ·v. , . .. _ascenda~t must .al....,ays · b_e_, consid_ered. If (he
f:~orentino, G.R_No. ·14.856, November 15, 1919). · : ,commo'rfascend~nt is the father, the,pro"pefty is
. ..-· .. - . reserved only for :_the . relatives. on ·,th~ father's
Illustration: Before GF's death in 1950, [Link] side;..if il]e common ascendant is the mother; the
·a·parcel Of land to
his grandson,:f?., the 'only [Link]. ,property is .reserved on[y fodhe·:relatives on the .
his de·ceased·son F. p·qied in ·1960 without any beir mother's side (JURADO, Succes_sio_n, supra at
· in the ciirec(c:iesc~riding line.,As-1a conseq~ence of· 265). ·; .. .. . . ,·, · ..
·which,· the· Hind Rassed · to his. [Link] -M in -
. accordance with intestate ~ucce"ssicin .....• 2. Pr~p~~;tu: _, th·~ -d~~cendari (brothe; ~r )i~i·e~) ·:
who died, and from-whose'dEi~th !he' [Link]:it-
- ., res~rv[sta ·jn turn had acquired the. property by
[Link] operation. qf law',(JURAD9, $u_ccession, ·supra· · .
fl( 253). . . .
. ' ....
The propositus ~hould h9ver died without ariy
.
legitimate is~ue in ·the airect de~cepding_. line
wtio c~~ld in~_erit [Link]:i him: O~herwi~e·,,11 woul~
not .t;,e/pi~1ble _for the P,rop_~r:ty: tQ. pass._ by
op~ra;.ron1·0\law t.<? !'3n a.~c,endant:r~servjsta
(JURADO, Succession,-s·upr.a at 260). ·., '·':
·- "' . . - 0 •

··-~ .:-···:- lie term "l:'iy [Link]~ti0n .of ·l~w''.-~pplie;:to '.fr,e

tra'[Link].4f-,:_t.fie leqitime. in . case· of

__.....
# • •••

"testamentary, and.' to· the entire inheritance in

· case· 6(intestate. succession (3 .IOL_ENTiNO,
supra~.,at--282). • . . · .•

,the pr,oP,erty should; b~'?,.cq~ifE!~_- oy. gratuitous.

. -~ . ~ .... · . title 'from· arr :~scen-dant~~br9t)le( orsister (CIVIL
The·· reser\!able character will- terminate·· upori the .. CO,O_E, 1!,_rl. 8~1). · ..
.. death of M:
[Link], ·. B and. S. ca·n claim·. the '\, ..

<·:·~.: .· : ·, _·-:- :.·.~- · . . . : ,

. p_roperty ·as their own (J!:iRAD't)_, -Suc_ce~sicin, supra-: :· Prior charges .[Link] property do notneqate the
; . ·. q_t 24~) .. · · · ' gratuitou_s characfer.o( the' transrnission, :.: .
. !~-'.. .. : . ,. . . . .
I . . • ...... .::
.. :, .. . .''':' .;.:...: . ; ... ~··

· · ~~rso~al ~l~tnents:. -: .. ~ . . · _- - . · If the _: property. 'is acquired '': by vlrtue : .ot . a

1, · OriginlOrigiri" ofthe Property,(ABS) - the. 2scendant, -cornprornise invol'-'.i[]g [Link]~ditary properties, it
. or . Qrcith~r, _.or· ~ist~r · from whpni_ the
0

. can. be tn:ithfully said .. that the property. was

.·, .· ,prop9$i(us- had ·-,,acquired.· the · prop.e_rty_. by · ', . acqu-ire_d, not by· document 'of compromise but
'[Link] (e.g. do,:,ation,__re_missi9.n, testate. by: inheritance. He~ce, the. acquisition is _:_by ·
·or intestate· succession) (ld.-at 252)>-· · · g·ratuitous title (Cabardo v. Villanueva, G.R:· No. ~
,.. ' -·. : .
1.~00~, December 13, 1922). .· ,..
. Thi -p~operty· shouid -.h~~e. [Link]~d _to' the_ . . .....
· originator at. [Link] of-its· acquisitfon by the . ~ro~-~~itiis ~s'. ''ar~-it~r of t~·e··;~t: .ot7'es~~a
: propesiti.I_s. -The -.sb_urce [Link] pro·p~"ity prior to . troncet" . · · · · .- · ' ··
the· acquisition_ by the 9riginato'r is ·immaterial- ( 3 ·· As long as-the proposltus-isstlll alive; there is no
. TOLENTINO,
. .
supra
-:
al 2-76).,
. . . ·. .. reserve ·yet, therefore· he is. the. absolute owner.
.. bf the property acquired by·him gratu_itously-fron:i ..;,
The. tra~smission ·from the origin' to: the · 1·
the ~rigi_n 'A;i\h ·ruil:'fre_~q°:m -to · alienate ... cir
· propositu!> [Link] gratu"itous titie (3 PARAS; ·encumberJJ PARAS, supra f!t.32~). ·
· ·supra at 321)1 · •

2019
. SAN ..
. BEDA LAW
. CENTRALIZED
. ·.. BAR OPERATIONS
. I 303
 S··. U.. CCES;
. SlON.
~. - ..
SAN BEDA LAW CENTRI\LIZEp BAR OPERAT/QNS - MEMORY AID 2019
. .. . ' . . ~

· :,In case he sells ·tti'e [Link] and b!;!cause of

.
If it is a reservable real property, the reservista
.
. such sale-he receiveis cash, ·there' is~no. reserve may 'alienate .it subject tor reserva-troncal i.e .
.: .even jf\th'e cash- is. _lpter on: iht,erited: by· the' . reservatario can recoverthe real property,from .
. ·:ascii'nd;3nt by operation of. law,.since the cash is the .. transferee "as . soon as ~[Link]. 'is.-
fiodhe -·sam'e.' pro'perty: that be' hae,'acqwired . transferred ,.._ to . , such· · reservatario, . without . _
g_ratuitously (Id.)~ \. .: Rr.ejudi_ee.\if c_ourse tothe.. Land R'e'gistraiion Act. . .
Thus,. if ·ieservabie lahd- is :registered "under, the
i . :..-·.,A.0ill ~ay' prevent tl:1;
t~nsJijution ~fa -;~s~rva. ·.. T9If~r}S Sy.~ter,n a(~-~fre~;:an .. [Link],purchis~r .
. . -[Link] Of ..testate succession,' only the ,legitime foe value .will be preferred oyer.,-a reservatario .. ·.
·. passesby,operation of law. The prooositus may, . . However, the estate of the reservista ~ill [Link]
·, : b'.~ ,'()'nl·;:;opt.~~ _giy~: tb.e \egitim~ Of hi_~·aScendant.. _·indemnify t~e.-res~~!,itarjo':(/d). . . . ·.. , :

O~!igaJi?n~
· . 'Y'{.[Link];.grvmg_ to -the .Jatter. properties · he had · •. ·, :-.
.-.:acquireq · 1by . g'ratuitous . ·title · from· another ·.c ,.Pf R~~·e0'ist?~ight~ . of
· - ..' •. ascendant, .orbrother or sister. .. l,n. such case, a · Reservatar:,o::__(A,.SI.P..) . : • · ... . . ·: .·, _
·. · .. [Link];alls,avoided··(·/d,,~t 288):_ · ·-·i. -a.>. Tb.. ~nnqt*e i.n)he: f3egistcy :[Link].r:ty. lhe
'~;. ·: < r: _;. ·
,? ••

'. .' ) ::' ,'': , ·.1. :_ ·;:, rese'_,yaj.J'!e·-,:~h?rac~~h .qf!!.::al!';;'r~servab{e

, .','. .. . •• ....

3: · ~~~~-~is!~:'. -:--. _t_h~,,'_<?!.h.e_r";-~~-e.r:i9.~Qt ,..whg i_s,._ :. . . . . : ,. ,,~.)Q)fTI.Q-Y~R!~;P.f9.1?~tJY.1:..::<·. , :::,;/:. _;.,; .-1.,. r=:,:: :'
.. O~l!g~~- t.9 t~SeRf_eJhe pr9perty for· th~· b'eriefit of . . • · b. · ,To.. §[Link] by:.n:ipJlgag·e: ,.(a).:.[Link]:)f. . '

u · }.; .
.. : . · .t~~- rel~trves ,9f.t~e· [Link] who . mbvaj)le:s:_. not; itli~nated,: (b > ·._paym·enL of
· · ·' :.. are~[Link]~e.: \hird ,(3r~) de·gre~ ·and·.wh·?:-~elong~d_arY!age,::;_.c~used ·~y,.tiis. f~ult or negligen_ee,
_to·.; tl')~J ,line.d~o ..f!f/[Link]~h· said··t prppir:t~hcam~ :r ·
(e_)."retur~· ·~f price re/:f_iv~f for1.~§v/i~Ie$
~,(JURAQQ,··S~ccess1o'n;,s4.w.a,at2~3)., - . . ·. ,J, N/---.aJreni~-~ t or. pay .,ts. ~alue , '~~.'ff!~de
- • <,' : • > · .: . .. : _- ·/~:·;}~' - · .· .. · . . . gratbitously;.·g_nd. (d) ·pay~ent of va[ue\of ....
· '1-:le, fl)ast. have . .' acquire~·, ·t~P.(qA~- y -~ . ~ . . · i'~mota$t\ [Link]~[Link]; .. . .~ <.· · : . ·
·~ .. , .. ~ '>..opefatio_ri·:otlaw; (id. ,ar-260)~,flefinl)%,Lted.~rne ·:. ~t;· . ~·-;-~~. _Q ~R~~!n.
Inv~_~tocy' of ;all .. r;~~~abJ,e_,...
· ·· :·· ·prope~y-:.:fr~m'.':the .. d. escdhaan.'h ~t. ·'r5y,~leg,c}J f( J· ...
'1\rop_ erty,~a:1~ · · ·-- . .. ·..: ' _ ; .. "~. : ·
· '\,'. 'J' · · ·
b ·\ . - ·~- "'- · ...... · ,

~i'·. ·~·- i': ':. ·~~~ . ,.

, .. . . . , , , J ~. .t · gir~ .trr:,.
·, · .:- .Sl!,~.c~ss,qn~ri~r by-Nrr:(utf of,_the; legrt,ru~·.-.there:ts ·- ,,:Ji~ , 1' . • '-.~,:t-:· ·
. .-.~o.·:q~l~Q~~i.q'n,;-[Link];-:1~P:~~'p~_en whe_n· he t\/''~, . ~::. I : I ~.o.~~:. ~- 6~'."'1L~Ja;_~,fs: ~ Pf~i?,d _?.!_ '9'0 .?~¥.~· :., .
·mhepts·:·th~_dr:ee~ po:t:tr~n ·byl,lvrrtue .'0f -?· 1
:!:i . ~--'4~ w.% ( t . ;, -
'[Link]!li.~~ tiro~.41~f reser:ve an~_es(rn·w~rch ·to,. ·
." fA~A9_;\su{![Link]~): pigr~t~r. t1J~~ir,e"":,~b.!~:9_h?ra_c~~r. pf .t~~. . . ·· ·
·. . .· / --:;-:.. _- .· . .. : . '. . 2.. . . · \§UJJ]./ - . :: Pi~~~rty '.~,D.~,2~:;~r?t V?lunt~nly c~~~~- t_li'e .. _ .
. . : ~ ..~~t~:qf·~_eS'7fY~~t9,'. ~! '.:: C6'.','c•' I •• ·-C,. . _re~IJ.~-~<!!IJ,OD.',,: f.~S~rv~ton?f ....may. ~U?1c1a1ly,
~··. :'· ..'. ~.[Link],:lb~._dea\hr,:~f the, dt.s~ntf~rit~e~p-~itus}j%· :'l_t(\ _ .. · J~p,a.n~;_J~a~l')f~e;,c~0pelled lb. mq~e.. i~ p
. :· .,.-·::_ }[Link]:.re~&JVL~l{~~-q~ir~s'.a_lL'9f.f~la~~(i9~tof...t~itiJ. f~f'
·:-f$JSllf!T.'~9:'~P,Pi'a,_at/~~)- 1;
1/:_ _-
• ,. ... :·. _ _ •
, ,· . · .. .r)$D.~.of:~w.~~r.S~JRfS_l:I(,:.~~):wJ~/f!]f~.t;:qis'pp~l\,,.· . ·, .. -~~f : 'l':} '-'.:..,<. ·i. ·:~~ .· '· ?:~'·, ,''.; '•.;:: .. ,..,_. '. .
. . / . ·.- ,. ;~nq,'.,,~r.~_9'ove_ry~ ~-: ·altho.~g~_,:,c;:.q~~1t1~g?.l~d'.·,... ': .. _Q.·:[Link]~,.~~al~e1of,all_:[Link],fl{c1bl~.[Link]~~le .... ;\' .
. _., . · . · · ~!:E:Y9ya_til~\:[Link](s-;·~e~i:;c1~'. ~!~e~at~--~~~~)~fa..~~~r~p.¢[Link].<(vUBAQO!.·,Suc9.e.s.,to(I,: .sµwa:i qt . ··<" .
::;/·- -'}$~:·p..r~~epx-~·-~0w\~[Link].i'1;tl;r~~afq~irEf¥1!'l~-'(~fi:,/. ~--:~;·::·:: . :·.J;.~:':~:',''.. · , <: ·• .'°" ·. : ·
"1\;\.?.V".· '.·._. :.'. ; :- . · .· ·. . .. , . · _ · .·: · ·· '.\',:·
·.·.• ·- .: . ..,: :)E:l.9-~!Je:a,c,~~.m1J~d,and,(re,vpf~li>J ..~ .~1tle:&~/~~,t~~~ .
;-;. :-i \ . " _ ·
>::<;1_'., .·
re__~~r:'~t'!.C'?.:f
_n;iaY·!~er:,_res~!P-~-~fte.~,ttt;..Et~~aJ.~.?f:·
~~e: ~e,,~;~'[Link] ~(.!~~[Link].,'
..
Suqce,ss1~~?~:iP.~a;..at,:.. .
MPit~~~~~!.
:
'~~,:-~·-':i-•:.:.J_h~: ~:
·-~~la~~Y'.~~ ... _.of,,. :t.h~_· . .
·~~~h!_(l-. ~~~:-.'·!~l~~-_:·J~~~) '.
. ~0,e.~9-~~dP.n_t-pr9~<?,$lf~ s:.
1 7 <· :."
t, ·:· ,. . . .. ) - "\ .~ '2:!3).''(\ ,...,,: .:.,, >~;·.;~-~~\·.· 'h;'.\ :. ,c·.,, ·:·' :. :.. _~:'""'1S:-
· · · ... :·,[Link].e.,tl,l;Jd;-..'«l;r~r,[Link]~!O'r1_1j_e)1ri~ fr.?1'(1 wJ;uch
.
th e:. C: .... ~ - . ' . • 'd ~ ... h . . b -~- fit tli
:
.,. .
··:·· '.,. '/ ; . ·.
. . .. l . . . . .. . . . . '7
;,::- ,:-,, · ,•i·r ·~ , .. ·':'\;_·: 1. ~: ,~.-,,.,,., _, ; .. ·:-··. :• ·
..
. · · · 1-1r:ope1 tY [Link] :an , ,.or· w pse ... ene J. ·. e. - · . ·;
..·, ,: : .. : . . . )~eservatai:ioc·al')[Link]·lon~fas the [Link];vista is - '. . ·-, reser:vation: j$:. ·.: 'conshtJted ·'. · . (JURAfio,.: . · :' -
;,- :i;;- . •. ·:•· ..;a1ive\::tfm1ii.J§n_,;;'0fi:.:arfhlll'/·:ah;y~,::alierj£tjon '/6(. • . ,, I'. ·:·sr/cc'iJJsi2i'i{siipf€/EJ(253}''.:':-\{~:·. '. \ . . /;j • i\: .}. \'s .::
'.·7?(, . ~- :; ~;-~[Link]~~;r1i~~;-~1i:1~~~~:-~tt:~t:q~~1t~:~i~~:·i·
, .. : ...·: · ;__ i·,d.~;·it·i~:;~\'~(~t:}~'\::t:(~,;;:'.:):\;:,-/}\{- . ?:··:; . _"':
_·< ;· 1. \ ••. · :: .. p:~~J>.e,.cty}fdr0.$0~!v~-: S,~?f<J.n, :·.G._Fr:·c~~;:,;_§Eflf}, :·. ,·· ':- '°a:; '::,"f.~:ef;~ipust·;t?~~Jcigtf).rry~t~.;~~!~t1Y-Ei~~-?,f. lhe. , ... : : ,: : · ·.
// <: - . . ;S..~f?lem./JJJ,t:.·,p; c1.fJJ3),. "';--:' · · -: \.·,,, ~· .:=:, .r,c' • .; · i· ... , . . .., . ,-. .- · · -~~§eenq~nliprqpps1tus, w.1.t_h1n-.:tti.~;thgo,..(3'~) . . . >
:~:2::.~· · ....-. . >:. i... :;::.:.~~l~~'.~~~:.\~·.>~h :i:.-·i:-~:;._:;~f~·;·~. ·.: .. ·i~!.:·\:·:, ':_ ·. ~-·.
,~~. ;·.- a.~Qr~e~: . <\ .-::~···: :.:-. /-.~~:-.:.. _,_. :-·:\:-~·<,·· . :'·. , ~. ·:?: ·~··:· ..... -~ . .)"
'"';- .' · . .If. th~-pr0perJy-.:_subJecMo,,.r1)[Link].a'i._1s·cp_e[~On?I °'.·: · · . . . . :_ · .. : : .> -~. . ·.. .
·. prgp_erty, . th~. [Link];lclr,-i b~[Link]' 'the. 'ft,111-,oyVner.. i.:f-.. · : : _Trb~-:-~·~ffr~~:_9f;r'~l.~Jiq1:1,$,tiipJrpy~~.Q.~ ,9pu,r:ir~.i:L . . .- ;
. ,. .- .: :-[Link].t;m~[Link]!0Ha't~Jsell·)i:r1·fare~~-~:-,!~~rft\, a!\d - · ..- . , .... :.·· ·') . .ftom:t~e.~de~:cerJ9a~t~prapo:s/tu_s,l:_be9~.:C1s.f if · ._ : ·
·· · · ... the ·dphe~pLJrchaser-, becbm·es .fu!! ow.9et:;:of _the .- · \.'.:·. · ·.. _i~ · qr;ily ;up01;1i .his: d_~qllJ,. !hati th~..· prope~y . .. . ) ·
.·i ' ':.... ~-·~.i:iroperty;.:This: is,witbout, pre)udice·. lo:[Link];.rigtit' to·... . . . . c ._. ,:.bedomesJ.,~· •. :,:r;[Link] ...... : . .>tJU'RA'Do;
·. · re!m~ursjfrri~nt ofthe.-reier.v~}a_rfo.. tti~y (s~[Link]
. .· · · '.. ~, . :SJcce,ssion/s.~[Link]·~t-·~62).:./.-.-·. , .:;. ,,.
> y ::s!lrv,i,v,~::,tQe:/r~$_er;visJ~Mrpn:t·:~~e.{,~stq!e(; b.f' the .. : · .:··. : '; .,:. ·.··· ,., · · · · · · · . .. ...... _,·. · ·:.:> ._ . _
·· ·re.~er;vi,stai,'f9r;.wJ'iafeven,friey,frc;1-:.[Link]'sf by',virtue.' · -. i.' · .·.\·.' • -~: i .. · , · .. "':. -~ · ·
of·· [Link].¢h·_·[Link]>'[Link] ci( pledge ·(3, ,PARAS, ; _ :.• · · '· · .:'i . · . , . , ... . ... ·: .
< , supra. af'326).. - . . · . .. .. _ .. . .
t"' . .'
. _..· ... . ..
..
/
(~

·.· :

· . 304'
-~\
I 2019 ~SAN
. : -BESA ·-IAW
. ... CENTRAf:.1:ZED
. . . . .. BAR OPERATIONS
-' . . .
·~ ,. ·,
 SAN B_EDA [Link]{C_Ef-.JTRALIZED
succassion
~A!1_
· 0PfRAT_IONSr 0EiviORY AID 2019

· · -Persons who ,can .Qualjfy ·as Raserveterios she· would be. entitled· to the property (Id. at
«:
I . • . . .. • ·~ . ~ , . •_ • • •' ' • . ' ""'.: •
264). :.
«s..

[Link]: Sanchez Roman, with whose ·

1st
- ;·
_degree. i..:~gitimate: i=athet "or mother~ ..
view 'Justice Jurado agreed;cacivoca[ed-that
. •• ·...... : . .·• _;i.:.i. •... - . since the [Link] ·.is,• nofjel~tec:!, .by .
.
relatives
., ··, ·. . _. ~ .... /~..
• •

consanquinlty to ·the ongrn·,of the .property .

• • ·, ,{ • • • I ,, • ·••

i . but "cmly .· by '.affinity,- 'sh~- cannot · be ·

• •• •. J • • •
·. 21 deg'ree ·. 1 _, Grandp~rent?;·and. ~
relatives 2. Brother:s o'r sfsters ·(of the full considered .as beloriging to "the. line from
qr :[Link].--plood) bel_on'gin·g to
. . · .fhe .JineY -:·[Link]:. 'which,.' the - :
which the property came'.(ld:}. ·:. :,,.. . _.-:
.: . . ~-·· . . ,,;' ., ;~ -:; ~ ':: : -:~:/.~- .... ' .
[Link], ti,e .·f~S}~fVp{.a(!<!_' ..must :n·9t
-~

reserv1'![Link].
. " .-- c'a·m·e.· ·_.:
......... . . ·, only .. b.~. a relative by -consanquitjity bf the
-3r~_degre·e . .'1: .Gre~ig~ahdp,ar~nt:;,; .... . ·de.?<.:~j1d_ani:P.'9po0tu_q·_ .. within -. the,., -.\~ird
f!:!latives
) '
2 .. [Link].~!~~ o"r_a_unts .([Link]~f~ ·or- -defj'r~~· .q.~,q1e ;fT!UJ!: a_lsp: §l~ ~_el_a,tj~e .by 0qe .
.. sisters ofthe·[Link]'[Link] consanquinity of the source or onqm _of the
. · .. ·
- ~· of .[Link]'e ~pro_sp'Q$i.t~_s' .fath_er ·oi;,
' , property (Id.)._ . .
.,, . _,_:_- __ ~9
th'e_r);. ana_ ·._:._: . . ;:: :· ·
:
. . . ,,.. .
.
.
. - , .- ... ,... . ... .( . : . \ ~
J .. -... _lqhe·._origii, !~-:a. brother; or .si_ste_r "of ..
,, 'J

. ~.. 3. Neph~W.s .or ni_eces (chiJ.d~en

. : ~-: ... •,
·. . : d~-. ·propp!3iftis'. ., ~rothers_ ',(5r ·
.: t_hffoll·
• i , ,
~IO.
• ,
!)d:-:
t ,
the,:[Link]"9f
. • •• r.1., ~
line is· .~
.\ ,
sisters , of the · full or half- .. unimportant because there is no. way by . .
_ bloodf. . ,. ·. :. . . .. which- we would ··be able .. to ·aeterniine. .
the "line from which the woj:ierty, c'ame" ·. - ~
(Id. at)63). .. (Id) . . i . .. .. . .. "" .I . ··, -
' •

: N.~~e: The brigin_m~y be

• ... •, ... J. • • ,; • ~ • • :

i re;_f/rvatario'.· ·.
.' ••• / •

. (( ~ti:e·. 9fi'gir ·.is: ~: b·r~\b~r ;~(s!~ter o_f

._,__;·~-~th~ half-blood - ij"l_e_ G.~n:in:i9n,p!3(.ent or-
·.·. . : , .. ·. :asc~ndant mµst allfl:'.ays be. c:o·Q::,frfere9
'\
..-'<
. "·'
'""Itl(~ /[Link].
. ,.
. 265'. . ..1
I
· .·.
...
_.-_:.-.-- ..
' .
--~

. 1·· _, ,_-_ ·::_: ~:-~·_-Tj\~y:~u ·t. ~}irvi~~ ;hi~~~~d~~-t-r;i~hti;ta'

'· -.· (ld.''a· 262I.1·:· • · · ••• • • •. ~ ..-~·- • . •
.- k _.,~· ·. . ,( ' ; ··''"· • I·

lf''the asee:1;1,6a~t-~~~e(1.'.'ista. ··is'. · S.l,JJ~iv.~:9:·. by

,. .§~V_e:~.I, ... r:_e_ia!l,VeS Of_.. tl)e_ , :desc~r:,da,n,t- ..
·· ..._ .. . '· . prdposi(us ;md."all of th~m·'~r~ w.i!hin -the
.. · . ··.thintd!3gr_~eli;>~iorig\ng)o t~~:nne frorn:.which
• 'ltliJe"· r~$ervable property~.cc1me,. tt:ie ru_les'. of .
~·---.,_.;.;....;;.,.::.l;;.~
....
g..afor inie:s(at~ su~c.~ssio_n ;ti'~ir'~1p'p1/~~-· .
. ... . - , .. - . . . . ._ .. . .at 261). · · . --- ·. ·:-.,. _, . ; . '"_ ·: -_; .-· ·.·.-·
· :[Link] .. fr_!)m ._wh1_c_l1_. th~··:pr:<2_P.~~~nie~' . · .. ·. : · . . ·• ·. '.:.'./" . · '· .. _ .. ··. .·.
: ,... : . -· ·. r~fer~_to the paternal linef"as·op~o~ed,tb'the: .· : ..'· · . · • · A third degr~eire§ervata:rio 'w~.s .still. ai'iv.e .Q(.·.
· . · . · .-" · [Link]; or vJ~e_vers'a arid'nqUo that-. '. · ·. ,· :·, .-·th'e'··. tirtie<· ·ihe ··:··re'serv'ist~,r. ·s~ici'.·,\· dfecf>
· .... _··: --_,v-,:n~~h c:9nstitli!~ct b_~ -~ }.eries~?!.~[Link]·es_ , ·.. .. -!s · . 'i. r~servat~rio;· ~y~~;ifr,~- ~ies;.~-~fo~~-Ji1iming · :;
, .• ' ... W~JC.h m~y b~ :)t~_er::df~S~ :or_,_9ol~at~ra,I · , t~~ [Link](neve~he[es(tta~.s_m,i,t~/ig~t.s to ,
. ... , ,(JO/?ADC\~llcce~~!Of!'. ~u._pr?J._at.·263). . . .. · . ·h_is own· he1~$ for after all, he· .sur;vwep- th·e. f ' . . . . '\, . ..~- ·- ,,_.,_ ....
'.···,·ll'r t' f':::_. ·., · ··:
< ... ; . . ~ ., _' .. :·: · -:.: : :-,_: ,·: . : ·.: ·.'. ·. .
. ' .4·.) . . . . ., . -·' •.•
:'.J~; .- · -; ·,_,_. .. _:_. -' , .. ,, r~s_~ry1staj3J?A_f?A$..'~µpra,at.:,33J}),,~\·:'
;;· . us ra 10~: ..• ·. . ·. · . > ·. . . :, :: . :·__ · ·· ·:..
- . ··Origin:.-Pater'[Link] ;r'a~~f~~-~~t,.:.· __ -~; -··:
··rv·st.) ,;,; tl... ; .· .. ..
. :. R es e J a.· ,v,o ,.,er. -1 . ···:.. · . . · .
, .
. • .. .
Two ·Tests :tq· pefermine. Who·!_Caci:-Qua(ify ·as'
. Reser.ya_twio:,
If th ..
: ... ·: ·,· .... I : •...:-.' ·-·;·,:
"' I I ,. · t · ·· ' · ·
->-; "''.; . '
. - · Reservqt_ ar_..!9.:_ [Link]'gra.·nd_ mot. he_ r ,. .: . ·... · er~ -.~re··s:~y:ra .5 pin:i.~p,J}- .. '· . . . :,..":.:,.'.~ -.: .· .
. 1. Is~ the .. cla1manka relawe-of'. the ·descendant~
I,•• -
· ..
. _qons.icl_edn~ /: . {~El<.·· \~se/ · .: d~ts: :.: . ,;D~:: ., . ·'"° · _: \orop6_iitils\vfthir:i ·ihe i~fra:d_e_g~~-~?~::/. /' · '.. ~- ~
:
gr1mdmottier <!:[Link] _IJn.e from Whi~fi · ... 2. : Qaes: he befon'g, 'to· the 'iih~ ' .frorn\whicfi.~·,tne· · ···
<-'·'· · :. :
1

Jhe prop_ertY:cam'E!? _: .· --~. · ;~: .,: .... · · : · ~re~e_ry.,__able k.2~~t ,. 'pr~~~rt{~:~ml(=l1)ict:

•, . • /-·:· • ·; ': • . . I ·.·· ... · " ~ ·ourih'g th~'whole p"eriod tletWeeri tlie cof\stiili'tron:of". •
[Link].v1ews: _ . ·:·· :· · . ~ ·. · · ·
_. F-ir~[Link]::·[Link].a~~acateeib{[Link] th~t :·the-: ,e~e,ya: -and· -th~' .. extinction .-fhei'reof;. the'.
. since . the la'iN ·"merely' , states that r the ·, · · reservatarios [Link],. h_ay_e·: an. ·[Link]'ecfo'tio~/ to. the .
reserviitario shouia belong th·e-· line .. trcim to · property, · ·an·· ' expectatiqn •wh).ch.-' cannot be·.·
· which the rE!seii:v:able prop~rty, 6ame _withqut transmitted'.to' their'own heir; 'unle'ss·these heirs are~
. . any qualifiGation
. .
'whatsoever, . it . is· clear
.
that. a_lso .within
.,. .'
the:t_hird (3rd). de_gre~ . '.
. . - (-Jd,'_at'250j.
.. .'
• I • , \ ,

·. 2019 SAN'.BEri,';,."LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS 305 .. ·

 su·c-CESSI Q_N
[Link] LAW CENTRAtlZED_QAf!_.OPERATIONS·-MEMOR! ~/l) 2_c,n9

A resetveterio maydispose of-his expectancy to the property [Link] estate or' demandthe-sale of-
[Link] during pendency of the reserve - sufficient property in order. to . raise, 'the
- necessary amount (Id.).' ..
in its uncertain and conditional form. If he dies
·,....
\".

. . - . . .... ·. .
· before -the · reseryiSf£!~ he;. has . not transmitted
anything;" but·. if. he ·'survives· -such .reserviste, the [Link] th~::V~-!~e of #eserva '.".
transrriissi'on- shall become effective ' ( Sieves v. · 1. Reserve Maxima. . · -.
f=sparcfa,:G.R. No>L-12957, March '24, :1961).' Th~ reserve should apply to -the property-that
has been .qratuitously acquired from, some ·
Even durJng , the reservists's lifeJime, the"' ascendant, [Link] that can' be included
resetvetetios; who 'are ultimate. acquirers of the within.,ihe [Link] of the: reservis(a, or 1 /2 of the
property car 'already 'as?ert the right, to-prevent the . e;?t~t~- (3 [Link]°E~TINO, -supj_aat'ZB4) .. - · _ ·
reservists "from doing a[iytfi\ng that mig)i! frustrate This is basedon qeneral'prlnciples of law and is~
iheir. reversionary 'right. -They may compel the more equitable.' It is more "in line with the
annotation oftheir right in the: Re'gist(y of Property philosophy' of flie present code ofsocializatlon .
(E;.dfosq'i:i. Seblen, G.R. No: ''6878,- September ·13, . _. o't_prqp_erty .(Id: a,t-'284;-285). . . .., . '
'19/3).-· :_ :. '· ~ . · .. ·'· .. -"., ..: :·· , .
, '•, • , •, •• · ,, • I •, ,.·· l

·'· . -.... :

:306. I 2019 [Link] lAWCENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS

 -:
. su·ccES"SI-C)N.
: .. - ~N [Link] C~NTRALl{ED.~AR [Link],- MEMORY A1D_2019

. Causes forExtinquishrnent of Reserve Troncel: 4. When the testator·expres~ly forbids the division
.. (RP2>LAW) . . . . , ·. of the"estate .. but not to .exc:eed 20·yel:l_ts (CIVIL
1 .. Beiiistration by the reserviste of the property. as (;ODE, 'Aft. 1083). . · . · .. · . '
free property under the Land ~egistration Act;
2. _Erescription .of the right of· the resetveterios, Renunciation 'o~ .comprqm_i_s_e as regards future .
when the reservists; nol<;Js thepropertyadversely l~gitJme · bet-«een .·._the · J?er·SQn owning .·it.. and his ·
against them in the 'c_oncept of. an .absolute -compulsory
. .
heir is-: void (CIVICCOD.E,.. ·Art: 905).
owner (1 o yrs from the death 'of the- proposftus);
3. Death of all relatives of'Propositus within the . Reasons: . .'.· ·
· · third,(:3''d) -deqree- who b~!ong .to the ·lin~ from _,.,, . 1.. f11e rights of .the heirs. are merely inchoate
· .. which the [Link]: . : :· . . . . . . .. because it is Only perfected upon the 'testator's
4. _boss 0(ihe reserveble prop~rty·for- causes .not. . .. 'death. ·He_hce, tbt:ise 'is,still :nothiQg-:to_i"e['!9~~ce .
. -due to the fault or n,egligen·ce .ofthe reserviste; · [Link] _(JURADO, s_ucces_sion,:slipra ?i .·
· . 306) . · .. _. · . -. . . · ·
~-: ~:~~~-f~~t~~8~~i:~i6J~;f~t-~t:ery~t.~rios -~3 2:- ·No·c·o~iract ~aybe· ~nt~~~d·[Link]. respect to.
PARAS, supra af337).· ~-. · ·· - · future -inheritance except ·_iri casescexpressly .
• · ~[Link] by\iw (CIViL G_ODE,· -1347,: Per»: Art:
2).: -· ·. ·.'·,.· __ .· .. ,.:_. -.
. Transrriissibility of Rights ·. .. ·. · ·_.... -: . . . ..
~ '
1. The .[Link] _illegitimate children a_re transmitted ·. Wh,o""'may·. 'claim' Nullity,, of . Renuriclation or ...
. ··, .. _t,ipo'ri_tbe_ir d~ath'-f~.thei'r .[Link]; ~Q~trer- .. Conipromise'' ' - .. ·. . . . . · .· ·. ,, :
~ l~gitiniat~ _or ill~gitirrjate ([Link],. COD_E, Art. 902). . .1.' 'Compu·1~ary· !}eir - who · ~tenouncid or
[Link] legitirrie; 'or :
2. Any co-heir- whci-may be prejudiced, · . ·
. _. . I

is
1 ~~ • • • • •• ,.. t ' •• ••

[Link]·~;· i(the-cl~im for nullity ~-ade. ~nly}1fter the .

tjeath of tn~. esfator·; it is Tequired·[Link]°ihe··h,eir who ..
is filing the claim mustbrinq-to collation whatever he -
might' )ecliv~ - ~Y" virtue of· the ~[Link]\i~m ~or;:
C~f! P:~./~e- t~-~q·?.,, ~~CCf!_~~iO!).'. -;,.~rp.a.t_~??· . -~ ..
.
-
•
. h)c-omplete Legitime v .. Pret~_~.itioD _ ·.:_ ,-_ -
. . ·. . ~ . • ,.- •. • I •

Afiy c~·mpui~qryJ'leir to ~h_oip-·i~~ testalc;ir

any ti\le [Link] than fhe' legitime belongir,ig to· him- may .
~s left :~y .
. ,Shoujc,i there be any. charg_~, bondi~lo_'n;:sub~titution
deniaiid [Link]'e. samei: be
fully s'atrsfit=}d (CIVIL . ·
·:
. ':· : or [Link] 'upon· the l~gltime, saiq cl:'J~rge, 'etc ..
sha!J° be ,considered as not imposed (CIVIL CODE,
c'oo'E: Art.- 90~)- '[Link] their ac'tiorr ad [Link]~m -
. . . .. ._ Ai( 872)_. . , :, · . . . . . : . legitiinam, or their right"!:>f ·completion ·:9f .legitime ..
si::rc.h · r'elief.- mu_s.( 6.e.. souglif:d0ring ,the: d'istribution ·
. . Exc~ptions·:r: . . :· al)q partition sia'gef ofi:r case_for'sefilenieht_'of the
(
1. · Valid.d_isinheritance (CIVIL COPE, A,:t._915); . est~te· of their' [Link] pa re'nt'( Gala· ~//ice Ag?if:· v.
2 .... ~eseiva. Troncqf-([Link]·coDE; Art .. aj·1 );. - .· · . industrial Corp:, ·G.'R. No: 156819/beceinber 11,
3. Fatni!y Home (FAf'!IIL Y CODE, Art. 159); and ... 2003) .. · . · •<,. • • .. • - •

2019
···,
[Link]
/· .,, : LAW
- CENTRALIZED
. . BAR
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' . . O~ NS
.
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308.1 i;019. S.i;\N;BEDA LA~N-CENTRAL!ZEDB~ltOPl;:RATIONS .
; .. ·. ' . .
. . . .,, ·. ". ~ . . ·' ··-. . ...
: ~ -.
 ;[Link]\i
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. SAN . lAW'• CENTRALIZED
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. . '2019
iJ§S#bW4#4\£·-JStPG1%M,iWS94&Ai':¥i&4€M¥,&M!#A4NAW1E42#E#&WSMN,L4'ttN«
. . . . I ,Wih5 a;9,:; SiAW@§i: r 5':.52 ",fifii¥iM&@&Wf.f/OG
.
2. Actcf charging. imputing: such value. against or Af)swer: · : · .. , · _
th~.l~gitin')e,qf th.~ compulsory helr to whomthe The [Link]· shall be distributed as follows:'
thing was' donated (CIVIL CODE, Arts: .1061...,. 1. Collate .[Link]. [Link] in favor 6f X to the
1Q77). .-fr.-:,·· · · · .estate .. [10T + 40T = s·on_-· _. \ ·· . ,··.
2. Determin·e th_e legitinje ·of his .C011'.1PUlseryJ1eir,
.. Pu_rp~s'~:~ T10 taketne do'nati~ns in tt:ie a_c~6u~i . and [Link] [Link] value .. In this case, s
.. .of partition in order: to equalize the shares of the . · ~S .the son iS';entitlecf'.to· Yi .of. the. (:)Slate .. [50T x
) . co'mpQlsory.'. heirs .: a.s . 'm.u,t°!, a~· .possible -~ = 25T( Leaving-~a [Link].e [Link]'of
, - .JJU~fl,DO;,Succf!_$Sion,<..SUP(9at'315). .. 25T. [5~H-.25T (legitime)·= _2'5T]. , .-· . .
·, \ ' . .I • ' , .,'
3.,. Since the .10T ·donation· ·in· ..favor- of X can be .
3; .. Actual .a~tt on~_sf~>ring_ -to the. hereditary .estate .
. . "that "i5:art_ of th}.):lonatjori ~which" is inpfficfpus in . imputedcto t,he . disp"'[Link]
(. fr~e.'portiori,-it
• . . . ..
will not:,
. .. be· reduced. . · _- - .'. __ , , ,· .
. order' ·Dot'fo· r111·p~rr· the: 1e9itlme'· of compulsory 4. · However,.the [Link] left [Link] tbeJlispos·abl.e
. heirs. (lei.). · ' · · ·· ··
~ . -. .. ; •. . . . ·portion -will:oniy be 15J whic~ . .is. j~$s· tli'an the .
''' • :· ( :l ·l.,.~·~;::·:<····~f . . ,/-; .-'...._·.;.i''4; ··,~· ••. • •. ".'.· •· j ·'. 'al'nounf:o'f le~acies niade"' in ,favor' of y ·and: z.
: .- ~e9u~t.i9!}' :.~f ,T~i,ita_nfeht~iy.; PJ$·p_9§jtitj,n_s -arid . H~nc~:- prci· r.~:it~·· r~·ducti0_n· is·.'nef~ssaiy. '; ' · · .
. '-' _ Q~r,a_tioh_f _-_,,. ;.:,;\ _:.:=· · .(\'/ ;_- ,; ; . :.; )~-n- .: 5. Thus,.to determir)e the [Link], ·favl:5fof·.Y:·
· · Tfie.6rder'of-pref~fence'.is::· ,.~·· · :· · - .. ·. ·-·· · '. . • .. , .• I . . ..

·1 /\ L~git(~~ o(~qri,},~i's_9.ryJ')ejr~'. ~ '-\ ... ::'. .: :

2. ·ooiiatian·s:;nter,vivos .... · · ·· ' .. · __ · ....
- let: x :-=: redLlce'd)egat'y. -~. - .. ,· ·.-·
'·. .. : .
. :'.' ,.-.'~.. \ ; : •>=t~t;~ i ·;:·.· .,· .. , ... ~ .. · ..: . . a . .' 1·5T
''='di~pm£i:ib1enr~e poftiori le'ft:out:· .··
· · .ln .ca;e of twb. or -~ore· donatlons where the · b.·.1.o'F' ·=
legacy _fo Y to' be r(:)puced_ .,.: : ~- ..
. . . · . disposabje lor:tion-;_:il 'i1ot sufflcient" to · $ptisfy .
: c. _20T .
= total
. Qf all . . in,favor:
.. legacie~ . .
br Y'"an'd
. Z:.
: ::~ il'lem~:.[Link]:<;:>f_ the'recent' d~trrs1'ia;2_'1r_i:s-e:,eaucea,
· · . (.dv1('9boE/'Ar{ 7_73)°: '--" · -: -. :··
--..
r-: · ·
. . . .
'/: . - . . . . ._· . ; '
. 3: · [Link]."[ei;rade·s or .devises'~· - '. : ':1 : . . . . . . ~-·

:~ -!:.~~·./_:;-,:~~--t·h~:_!.~:_:~t:_a_:.::.i:.·~.t_·:. t..~i~_:. -:.e-: . .'J_~~l_.·.·.r

~_t__-'_:·._;_:_t~_:
:{:· .
·,cooE, ,.6·__ ·:~~~~1tY~ii\a~~t:~)~1:~~~~\i~~ti~g/~~01:~?~

'. . . N{>t_e: "tfe feveri~,;?jd_er:;cft~~~~.'.·sh_a ·1_.b~" ·: . ':·~:_io:it'.!;!1.~!)r:t

..1~c'.,l~e:.['A.:_:_.gia/.tpcl,'
~t1' .,e_.,-e:_s.s_s.·.tw:_-.:_
__~_'~.·frr_fo~
.h. ·1m::-.:.
.·.e·.-~n!!.Pa;.as,·
t,....,h.e-·': .·,·d~.-et
1· 11.
. . ... f:!IO~fd c~s!. r~~~dio~_sh~,p~;r~: ~ ~:ri6~slegpcies ·•ar;id~e·vises;- there a~e:·[Link]:ryes to
.. ·.·.If· after ·:,atisfying .the lefgitime ..of~0n:i1DTils.0~·.h,.i:tit~}: be.'.pr,eserv~d ·(!cf.'$( :363f. ,·. , · . · .··~. · · . . ;, . ,:·:. ,: ·.1 . :
. the • ,dlsp~.~-ql;>_l_e, ::portipn '.~fs_. 'sl\lfJ~~f'?to\-sovi,r:.
1
i'_'<~: ;-- .. _.· .'/.',{ ,:'/'; ;:: .'i'.'.::"<?·<:,?"·:,. '·-.~~;.: :-".-/;:: /'.: ·.. .
. donati9ns'; inter vivas, b_ut . not-. tti.e,.:trg_?lqJe.f,· c:in_d .:A'r.t,icl·eH950 clpplies··v,i[ieh ·\here::a(~· J110,·~9M:ipulsory
· ··d,[Link], th_e;·rule_')s. that..,:5_uch:·.l~g?.cJe:~1.~n.?,de-iJ~e~ heirs'or when there a're- [Link],dbn'cltion'iririter

: ·. ;,~~f~~!n~:1~~:t.fJu_:;i~/!:,;:~?.;lu~~J~a~,
·321)' ,-< ·,,: :,, •
f • • .,\ ,. · ·' ' r , -" ' •
0
•,· -.
· . , ~.i~~_./_',_5. __:~:.· _t!_._...:·_::: .. ·
< ,
__:_:_,_>..·~·-!:~--~_~,~·::1
. _..::,--.,::'_::_i
__ •
}:t··>::-:n:-?·:'.:·: . · .;, .
. :, • ~:.·~_;. ')'''-\i'!: ..--:'·

.7 \)o~·~ir~ij.·,~,~/)1ktf~;Ji/ii~~rl'.~~8J~'f;1]~p~~,i~1ons/.:.;
:rhortis causa. be"i:iaJse:u,~'tor~~r ar'e.'irrevocable
. -1:··· .~ .· ,·'
by. . .- .. ': ;· . ·,. ·:- : . ·.·.,. ,',;.) :_':; '· :. ·.--. ·...
ri'~s:i·;;HE~ITAN~~r~-: - . :~,+·1._
· ~. -1·'. ·. ,,;,·!"-, ;; ....~.~-:
\. · ·.. : tb0ir ·.v~er.y4~Qafu~~: ,T·h._ey~.:~~v~_;b~~-nip¢!~~Cted. LlpOfl.:.. . . ... : ~· . . t . :.r ... · .": ._,..~:::_:.:~: ~·... ·· ...~\-=~. · ··: . -~/::· . ··;~-~ :,. --: :··
. ~ th~ ,,~r:10'-Yl~'dg~ iQf.}r~·)?.OrJ.9r J~a~- _the.-.~q9,_,nee'·_na·s . .D_i_sinheritancEds; t~e.a9t_ O!_th_e.t~~\ato_i:. in:d privin·g·: . 7
,: : c1ccept{ld)_he,d9.ricJt19n,_(ld)._ · :: . .-,-: ,, .. : -.--t- ... __ .. a·. cC?n:,pulsory ~_h.e1r.-.,?,f.,· _hJt- !.~~1tm.e... for.::. ·._causes .
.: . ·, .. · ,;· -.• •.,.,: .•. ;. ,_ ·! .. -- .. ; .- _., :· , . expressly stated by:law (/cf, a_f,'327). ,, · ·, 1 ·, --: · · .•.
On .'tt1e;iot}ierih,~~1;t. testanient~iy ,[Link]&i~i_o.ns are· ; . . :· _ :· . , ··. . . . ._: ·.. . . . . _ ..- ·
,. · u·nilatera(in_ charader(arid_p~q_d_uce_ ,ju,ridi~:akeffects · ., · lt'is: the-. only·mstan<;e_ [Link]·d by t~e· Civil. ~btje.
·. '--._- only'-c!fter th~ t¢stat6(s de.9th (Id.). .. · · ,,; ·. . . ,' · ~ · ·. :·- . · by. whic~ a COll'.lPLIISory.f,[Link] .ri)~Y be A~i::fri~ed\ofhi~·
; ··. . . , _. · . ,-~ : . .:. ... ;'.; ;: _. ... · · ( , ;. ·- . · . '._·\, . '·:; · • · · ·. · legitime· by lhe testa(o.r (Id.) ...:': ... : :::·. ': .· ~. ; · .. .:: :•· . '
. : ,Formula for ProiRata,ReductjQn: : .. ·: .. _.. . ·.: .·' . . ·.• .. ·,._ _i. . . -:· .·,,: , · ·.:·· ·-~ _::)
:,:._: :-· ...\('.: . :.- ;~:<·./· < '·'.: ,'· . .-/ \.:~··· ·.
I

::.j, ·,. "·.·:,: :.- ·,:··;" · '·. . P\,infose: '.-. · · J"' :- '··:·-.::
Reduced .!,.,egaGy_ .·_. L~g·gcy, to_ .be){e'cli.J~.ed T o'.'pun,ish the_ ungrate°f.\JI, t~e culpa_ble, the. f~U-~1_1 th~-
.· _·. Disposable Portion, - ·Totql ofall Legacies :- · · : . ·· l,.Jflriall..iral heir or an unfa~thf!JI s·p_o~:e. }'h~_- gu~ppse .
::_: ·. - . ; , _ . ,, .- .' _' '. .. · . · ,, .. ··., ,". ..'.. . - · - . or [Link] is r:iot _yenge·~!'l_Ce 15qt' retnbut1~n ( 3 '. .
· · · 11rusrration: ~Tbe,net.:Value..of.:Jhe·.tes'tator's·estate'.is ·, ·. PARAS:.Csupra-at 378): 5 .· · . Y ···,-~ · . 1 • ·•

. ' : 40J:. ,.);iurii:,g'. hi~._lif.[Link].,~'.;,_h~_'9o~at~c,i.t9 X tOTi In-.: . . · . ·:· - _. . . .. : ~ ' . - . . ·....::, ::_- .-. r ··;, ·
.-)iis-will',''he beqlieathed' 1 OT_ea.ctiJq Y ari"d.Z., ti~ .,. · ·. ·-".:" · · - , / -· ·! ·• :.. .. ·:..: .; · -
· has·a son S. Distribute his estate. . . . . ,.. • ·: · ·. ·· :, · .. : .. · ..
·- ~ . . ·'--. . ~· . .. . . •' ... ! :: ..

- :, .
.\ ..

·r
I , , • . . • '.. . ; . • . . . .

·2019 SANSEDA GA.w CENTRALIZED'BAR QPERATION$ 309

 succession
SAN;BEDA LAV(CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS - M~MORY: AiD 2019
. .
Requisrte s: (LV-CUTS~RED} . Revocation of the disinheritance may be conditional
1 .. .For-a cause expressly stated by !:aw; . (~Y . .
2. · Effeeted-only_thr6ugh:a,Yalid will; ·
·3_ · Cause must be Certain and true; lnstances of Imperfect Dlsinheritance
4. · Uncorrditionat. - · 1'-c- .l?i~inh_~ritah~~<has n~ '[Link] as to the
5. ··-fatal or complet!:); ·· cause· · ·· · · :, · · · · · ....,
·5_ .Cause must be §lated. ln the will itself; ·. 2. · · .0isinh,eritance·for a ·cause,ithe [Link] ofwhi~h.-if
7. The· will mustnot have been Revoked; · . ' . contradicted is. not proved; . ' .. .
· -8. Fo'i an gxisting cause; and ·. ~ .. 3. Cause-is not" one of those set forth in the Civil
· 9. i:-he heir disinh_~rited must be desiqnated in such' s;od1?;jind·. . . .· , -~~' . _ . ·
a manner [Link] noDoubt as. tohis ·4_ When one ormore bf the requisites for. a valid:
identity (/c/;·at38,1). . - , ·aqt. of_· qi~inher~an9e. i~Jar.e lacking (CIVIL·.
dODE,t/t._'918)_.... . '. _. ·-' . :

. · 31J) I 20~9 SA.,N. BEOA LA'!'J· CE_NT.8":'~IZED BAR-OPERATIONS ·

 [Link]:
SA'N B~DA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS:- _MEMOR_Y A/0 20i9

May be VALID when a·II .[Link] instil'uti~n is· always

of the requirements -of VOID, ·except when. the
the law are meL preterited .. · .heir
.... · predeceased . .. 'the.
testator.
(Id. at 327-328; 343-344) ...

lllustratlon: X · died ieaving · his instituted heirs ·.

namely: his wife W, and bis. two daugh'fers A & B-
without 'designa'ting their respective shares. His third
daughter, .C,· h~wever,. wa~
omitted ·eriti'fely without :·
. [Link], In the will, )<.also·~·equeatr,ed ?.
· .. leqacyof =[Link]«. Thertet valueof ttie estate .. ,
is P240,000.·
. . How.. shall
. such
. .
estate'be.d..lstributed?
. . '

A~s,...;er: There .was preterition in. tHis···cas;. Thus, ..

the' ~ules of intestacy' snalf be ·'applied·.-T~e -P20,000 ·
was -not . inofficious because . it c;:an easily be
contained . in L the disposable ·-free·'· portion, The
distriti'utiori shall beasfollows" -':·' '.,.·. '· ..
·.. ( :: •• ·, i,

5_5;000
~5,00'0

However, if there was imperfect disinheritance in the

abovernentloried problem: such" ·th'ar.' there- was-
dis1r,neritance without any speclflcatiori of the cause, ·
-·--me·esta e shali bedistributedas follows: -; ·

. ·' i·

,··A '. · 40· 060-....: ,>;:2o' ono · · '20 ooo-

•. I,' • I •
- ....
, I -
·. -· ..
.s .r 40-000 .·
• I . ~ ~O,OOOa· .. ··.· 60,900
.G :. 40,000 ···• '.40 O'OO··
-·· I .-

. 40:000 20,000 · · ___.,..•. v • 60,00Q. ·.

' .The: disin~eritanc~· erc: ~iis·. def~cti~-~:-for f;;IO~e to .

state the cause or ground of dlsinheritance.C will not
get a part of the free _porti9n because the effect of ·
~_wilf'is a°1~·~ys ·r~quire.d.; [Link] wit~· or.wit8ou't 'irnperfecl . di?inheri![Link] ·. is-· only ·tO'_·.ahn~i' the __ : .
· '· · .--· ii' ··will (as when institution of heirs ins·of9r as it prej~~iqes t~e !egi!irf1e
everything is .given · to ofthe Elisinherited:[Link] effect-cliffersJrorn preterition ·
. :·.. 'only 'one· .. of .. the where· the'ahnulmerir of Hie .[Link]:of lieirs·is iotar .
compulsory heirs by way . (Id. at 330-331). · · .,, . . ·
of donation inter vivas).

..... :i1:

. . . . .
2019'9AN BEDA LAW C~[Link] OPERATIONS I 311
 [Link]·[Link]'N:.
. ·~ SAN'B£DA _LAWCENTRALIZEJ) ElAR OPERATI0/1i ~ MEMORY·A_I0:2019 •

~.:.

/-.
,• • t \ ·,

31.2. 1. ·~01~ SAN_ ·ai;'oA~t:AW CEtfr'RA~l.~ED .~AR: ORE8ATIONS. .· :,'· .

. . . .. : : . .. . \ . ',· ·. ·: ·. ·•
 SWCCES_SrO_N:. - -
SAN BEDA \AW CENTRALIZED BAR Of:ERATIONS·- MEM0RY A(D 2019

I Note:/The Code Commission: broade~ed basis for disinheritance would no longer

.. the scope-of 853,o(the Old c·iyil Code Art. exist (3 PAf:/IS,_.supra at 399.).
_. whichonly covered the act of prostitution by . ·.~·· · •• ·: ;·:. l-

. · a daughter (·3 PARAS,· supm at 393):. · -

. . .· .... . .. .. . .Reeonctllatlcn of
the.T,:._,o Views: .
( -J. Even if there is a restoration of lheparental
· 'A i:ing)e .act is not ordiria'r.i)y.\uffjdeht, for ,; ., authority br_ought. about by· absolute pa_rp_on
· · "[Link] 'a-- life'.' implies .continuity to' be a· .. _ ,qr:by the-spouses or reconciliation,' it cannot-
... sufficient". cause ·. for-·:·_disinhei-itance (3 ~\· .. erase th_e "existence -of the off~se. aqalnst ..
[Link],.supre 'et 3.92)., .:' the .testator., ·'Ehe -law [Link] testator, to
.-· .
•• , • . '·1 •• ·.\, •••• ·••••. • • • • •• . . punist;i· not the. consequence. of. the-offense
i .Par~rits/Asc"irndants:·(C_Al,.A). ' . :. ' . ' ~"i.it_the .otfynse ilself ([Link]{),.Succession,
a. · .INhen the-" parent/ascendant. has . been supra a't340). '·, . ·
' •' .:, . :· .
. '.· .· .- ., : : : '
..: . . . i ·.
convicted of adultery or: toncubina!i)e-. with .
the spouse ofthe 'testator: .. - . ! ' • • :·. •. a ; ~r.o'.undS:lor:([Link]·[Link]~ht<J_l:A1.i'thprity in
. b'.. 'Wh~n _:.ihe ·. pa·r~nt~ '.'h~ve· -~b~.n,c!<~>ne~ -i~eir. '• ·:. Re1·~t_io11_ to [Link]~:·_(CL~B) • \ ;~
. · children or ir,quc;;ed th!=!ir=[Link].$;to llvea i. · ·. Treats: -. the:• . ·:child_ :;[Link] ·. gxcessiye
..... · - .__.;- c~rru8t or immciral" life,:·or.'atterripted; a~iaiilst .• • . har$hnes's:~r :[Link];·· ..... : ...... '. '_) _ ·. · ·
~- . . 'theiF;vri;iv·e; ., f ·... ·; . ·.· '· ,. ·..... ' . . . .• ii. .. Gives·, tl:iE:i"-; c. hild_ .£,orr-upting·- or'der_s,.
':;>'4._, • '
. ..
I •

. ,
'

. ., .... i': . -: -~ . · · · · .. -co1u~sel; or

exarpplet. · .;,. · ·. · < ·
Abando_n111ent .-' .refer,S to 'ttie :failure of the . ., :: .,:.iii:·: Compel? the-·chi)d'·to [Link]. . . ..-.· '· ·
\ ' .. p,~rents ·to. g'i\ie. [Link]. di:Je' ~cl,i'e, ... · ; _., ;iV.',·. Subjeds: the< child" pr allows him to be
"instrudio_n '- -arjd ,, .· s~ppor.t .. :·· (,JU~ADO, _.. . .·. subjected tiYacfa"ofLlasciviousness.-,·
::· . Succession, supra a(-~~7). It' nie~'ns j,egLect . . 1 . • • , • . , _-_ - • •' . . . .• '

.. or refusal •to·:perfor'm· ·the ~[Link]. arid legal The grou'nds· ·· enume1ated, · aboye ~ are_
0

... :~b_li~-a~ior'is : 9~ .. ~aj.e'. -~r:i~··, ;[Link],1..~rihic? d~emp~ ; ~a'.-.

i~Glude ;cas~~ .· ~hi~h · - have
. · pa_r.~nt~, °.":'e t~r ·tn~ir·:" ~hrldren -r,Sa(!tos .-V: ,' . · -· resulted fro_m~ culpable [Link]· ·9f. th~
._Aranzanso; G_.R. /1Jo.,t~23B28, Fiebruary28,~1. -pareJ\0r the' person ex_erci_sjng p~r_entaJ
'-· ,. / .:,-,._~~6{_. .- . _;".:, ~;-._ _ -~ . . . . . : ;·. '"·: ·. · .· . . ·!\. i~.t~\-(~c/at_-_. 3~_B:.3~~;·t~~ILY CQ~E,
Inducing [Link].:._c:la~gtjte. s to liv~ ii .[Link] · .- . . > ; :. l-: · . . - . , :. -~-. '· ·, . . . ', · ·. ~ , . ·
.. a'nd'·irpm~ral .lif'e. ,cop,preh'en~t~~; a:Ct· of_ ':: d .. -~tteh:Jpt );i ·O.r)e''df-the p_a~;nts_. ~-g$inst the
th~ parents ·in .. _induci11!{their .aaug~te_'.~[ ') ' • life O me~ ;iJfl_e:.;·unles_s
. !~~!~': h;;is -,~.een . I.

, grandd9ughters, by . ·aMrce, · [Link].e, .. , recoq.cil_ia,tipn_. b'E:!tween-,[Link]. (CIVIL. CODE,

. .. i_ritimidptio.f!_.Of. a_~Y...~ih~x·p9.:1iti~t?. _ag 'r1Q.. ll¥.~ . ·. · Att: 9Jp, Pa.r-_2)., . _ _: _: ' _ ..
.· . :a life"of [Link]:i and.-immornlity'(JC/RAOO,,.' . :·..-·. '.:' .. ,. o'··:;\ - . '<.. ·' . .· / -:, . '
Note:·:~irfa)_ juq~m-~nt; o_~·1c;o~vic!lo,n· i~ 'not..
A

·".. $uccession;_s_upra.-a{3:{T), --<.~ _: _·.,. ,· .

· ·' · · -· ·· · . · ...c:11JE:.:.........~---.,necessary, (JURAQO, · suc·ces!>16n;·supra at
.- . ~--- ::~:i~tii~t'.;J.~liit~k~eti~~~1ii:;.~i~~~~/b~ . ,,,. ,._i:1:f\><· :.-: _ /:·\_:·~~~ -~- _:·_<·.:;--\~<-\i·.· ·::· ·
__ . · . , ·,: 'the ··;[Link] .either._ ·pi:in'c)pa!s: co- :a~ ·
. J-. $p<?use:_. (LP)",<'~·. 1.:,': , • , · ---~· .:·., '. ;·_._ - ·. -- - -
' . priridpa]s' ~r accqi:npli¢,es (}d. f : :-: . ·. . . . : . . ,.' .?J: : ·.vy~,en . lhe ·.!fpplfse_has _giv.en -~aose.'for' !:ega.l
_.. · · : · .- · -: - ·· '- ··· --· ~· ·· '::-~ . . . . .\' lseparation.'(fAMIL:..Y'GObE,'Arf'55J;-~rfd .. '· ·
·.: C, '_gof's
Of"'. _parental aulhori{}. \for . ,c;uses.· ·. . . ' ._. . -·· ~ .,·.' :.._., /'- ·. ·' : . . '.·: ·:;. -~·- · . ··.

- : _ <. -. :-. :· · · · . · ·_., ·. _· ·. ~ .,:_.- ·-:.·; _·'· :_ ·; _ . ·

: sp~~ified in'·'the·Ced~; 'an'ch ·•· .· ·· · .. · .· . _ · . Note: Criminal:convlction is: not a ··c6ndition ·
sinf)_ qµa (J_l:JRAiJO, _Sucqe;sio~;sup_ra -- no·n·
t,l_ot.e: Ther~ m~~t.~~ an;~<?tU~l loss··eff~cted - ::·:·',-': ··_at: ~4.2~~ Ne1th:e·r. is . a· ·de.~re.~- ·;_of.- _legal .. i
·qyflrial_jl(dgmerit (lq. at-_338):' · ~.. .· · separ~t_l?~·([Link].S::~.uwa at·Bf)~)": ·

'.: ·:· .·;: ~wo ~ii~~~-

o~:·t~~--~~~b~ o; ~e~-t~i-~ti~n- bt . . · 8. ·- Whan·. the'~[Link];[Link],gfounqs -f~~ the
. ';:. Parental Autho'rity'; . ,·:_ . ·. ·. ;.. .. -: ·'. ... ' ':· ·,.·' ; .loss of _Eare,ntal,authority (CIVIL-'COOE,"'Art.
, . . . -1 sf -View:· N·o· -effec:"t on the dfsinheritance · · · 921) : .. c. - · ., · · : . _:. ' -' .
. . , ·._· -_'· ·· '.bet~[Link] )he.._·-g:royn~ _.'or_· Q:~~(s ·. :fci jhe .. :_ .- ; ·.:·· ·/ ,;' . ··: ·. ,.. :: \":.. . . ,; .. " .
d1sinheiit?1r)CEf'1s 'r:ioF the loss·· b_f. pareritai.. ·Grduri'cfs for Revci"catiol"!-.of Disinherifanc'e: (RIN);
authorjty' b"ut -tne offense committed by. th~. ' . · . 1_: fteceinciliation·; ~ , :· ' · 1 ._. :-. . ·. ·_· :' :·. '· .. ·
·offefricfe'r'(Id~ at ':3.39):. '. · ' - -· '1 · ', - · . _,·_·· • -~ 2;:. ;Makiri!'.rof ,~ew,:wm ·making. the. disinherited "t1eir- ..
- - · · · · · · .. · ·· · ·. an.!nstitute-d· heir?;· arid·· · : ::· . · : .:- ·· · . . .,__ :··
2hd View: The'.. testator-'w~u1i b~ deprive"d ,: : . 3 · Nullity, .. of",. the · ::Wilr. <. w~)ch. :~ontain·s': · the . _
to":
0

-...·. .- .
. ·of · his rigtit" ·dfsinh~tit his. par'e'n°f': or . · ·. 'disinheritance (3 PARAS,·supra-.~t 402Y,- .
·ascendan°t, _.: ;Of it. WOUid render th.e · . . . · . :. · .' . . . ·· .- ,, .· · ....
. • . . . • ', . ·. t· {

- disinheritance [Link]~ual bec~nise' the _legal

. ,:•\ ... . . ,

\.
g019 SAN· BEDA LAW C:ENTRAUZED BAR OPERATIONS .I 31)
 SUECESS10.N
. .
S,:1N BEDA·LAW CENTRALIZEDesn OPERATIONS=-MEMORY AID 2019

The fact that, a _void ,will 9oritaining. a disinhefritance

is denied . probate "cannot. be said to revoke' a
Note:. If the cause ·of unworthiries_s was made a
ground for' · disinneritance and .·. there -is
disinheritance for·. there never . was a. valid' ·reconciliation, the mere fact of -reconciiiation
disinhe"fitance." Hence·, ·"there I nothing (s
tb revoke' extinguishes the· unworthiness,and no written .
(Id,): :. :· . . . . 'dq~ument is. needed. for a c~ndoriation,.. .(i
.. ·1 PARAS; !>Upra at 40?). , · .. , · ' · ' _
:once disinheritance' '1a$ :be~n revoked Clr'. retJdered
ine_ffectual·, it can,:iot:_be.-[Link]·ept for causes -2. [Link]'nheritance has not been made: Rule on
· subsequent to, the. ·revoGation or based· _on·_ n·ew r:eco'nciliatio_n· does not. apply. if the' cause of th.e
ground? (3 [Link], supra at 373).
• • . . .. ·>~ .•- .• ··-. .... •
. disinhiritance fs also. a cause of -unworthiness;
. . , the· hek pontir)ues to be incapacitated to
Reconciliation ·. · .' ·· - ~ucceed unless' [Link] by the test$for· uride"r
'It is either an 'express pardon extended by the Art. .1033 ..of the -~ivil Code {Id.).
_testator to the offendinq heir-or unequivocal conduct
'of 'the testator .towardsithe offending·, heir which. . 'Right ofRepresentation ir{,Disinheritance· .
reveals-the testator's lnten] -to -forqive the. offense. ·, 0:-(i,e children~' and.' 'cie'scen'da~ts";.of. peison the'
.(?ALAN~, --~[Link]~siij_n,:§ilp.'f.f!'c!.f'4.02)::', :· · .. -. · , .' ; . .,disinberi°t_ed,;~ha'n: [Link]: orther , pJ9~~::~r,d_ .stiail: _
• ',• '••,, • , , ;,,:· ·I:-/,
-v , • .. ,;;:: -.:
·, · preservethe rights of C0n1pUISOry heirswith respect •

u·
It implies mutual restoration of feelings. to the status . · to theleqitirnecnly ([Link] CObE,.Art 9_2'3). · . -
·quo,',t~at_ is, to ·th~_relatiohship ~xisting. ~rior ~t~e- ·. ' : : · .. · .. _ : . ·.-. ·. ~ . .- ·· . . . .
commrssion .·of· the ::act ,whteh~strat ed ~ said ,No,~e;Jhe nght ~f representation extendsonly to the
relationship (-3:_B~~AS,,s4,ora a_t-3_9)._ ?\.-,:[-~· -_ . _
-4)~~iti!Jl~--.Jt. tpe
?i.s. ir,h.erited_- person ha_d been,: given.
.- .. ': . -'. . ·. . · . · . . ..._, ·. \.. ·1 ~ , . anY, l~gaG~,;aettse. _or part of the free_disposal, saroe.
lf·thE:·~arents-.s~?u~c!,cagain

presumed (Id. k · ··.~·' -, -. '(~ · ,

rf : ,.
live·fogs!~y.r.i~~th~.-~a~rTJ!: · · _· ..,":'J!!_,~o\tri6~~~;stitu!~s·, if any; if _nqn_e. -!?··.t0~ ~th~r
hous~. reconciliation-, b~t"'{_ee~l. th[e} tQeretiy. _'.!~,'. _ lietJ~. legate_~S; 9J.\.OtVt~ee~ bY. accretion tf proper; 1f
FJJ X ·acc,[Link]· is .riWRi:dper,, same· should __ g·d·Jo Jh'e·fegal
'· · .... - . ,:-: · -~ . ::, : : . I . :· ~. . ., . . . ·· - .,...
.rr itt~ .neir~.by
'"\ · 'nte?taci.(ff.A\RAS,
f:\ .. _· ,;,. ;(. • - ~[Link]-4~4).
- · ..
e tw1~e: o_~ ~ardon . ~ -:'7'('"-;- _ . · \ y_ .. · . . .. . .-· .
Reaon91hat1on = P~rd~,;, + A~;z,
, . --. · ' I ,- l · . .. 11 ~-·~- .'"-, 1.
J,r;i)I.,i"te~tfmenta{y~s.u1::cess1on, . the nght ?f
·?ardon by ~h~ te~[Link] .fljeen ~.cc1qptea~,~rz'i1'1 ·.verr.~;,enfatibjl":._y;a11.:,t.?,~e' pla9e ·only._ jn. _the_:-direct'
; '·.'
I
the: offen9er, ,thu~ -resultirig~irl, a, ~o\c11iatio~\'~~[Link]$J)~G.E;mgjp~Jin~,toCII· never- in the -: asce11ding .

J{J;.7/t./: :/~I.·,- _ ·: ·: : .: _: ; _ . : , '

between the)wo .(JU~AD,._:::[Link],cess,o~,~~a at' ,-' (.f...l._.L&f!J<if/.S~ccifsio!J:luprac!f-344) ... _ _
. 31~)< , -· : --~ :' ~ ·: ,·: .·· \({) < ,:_·\~~ ~J . ~, .
·1. lf:expr~SS pard~n_:...-.A,-,g~n~~[Link]~aon)~~\d:;_:,,. /y~~V,,'·. .-;.:.
· :~: ... <_i .', , . :··. , : : ,
'.<F,,. .;. '-

·.·by t~e-testator,on-hLs,~eathbed)ci,~whoz$lv~ ~ )L,~~J\ClE:,S _A~-.0 DEV~S.E;S_- .

. 0ttel]~ed·hLn1,wi11 n9t_.suffice;,it !J,u~rbe a pa·cf.~ZEN' ",.~ .. · . · -~ . . . . . , .. . . .. . . · . , · ,
, expre.s?IY · ancr -cot1cr_-etely :~~t~r:i.d~ad0'1b~~~;;~4i::~~/· ·.LJ" ---! • -~- \ •. ·: · .. >··_. ·

~-- .
. · sµpra f!l. 402 piti~g'6 [Link].r~_sa/_9R· _6iliJP1!j,,,&7):_
Jfi
[Link]~~~t~P-r:Y ~-?!.'": >-~- . · ·•. ·. : ... _-:--:: .·. ·._ · .. ·
' [Link],, ..yl")o_ac~ceptS'"it ([Link],'3~':tess£~~er~o.4]~$t!~~-e~~~t\~egfC::,!:_S and;_De_v.1ses:,,.. .. ·: .

. 2., ~on(_ltJCt ":- tre. tnt~nt· to,:J0rgtY(:l [Link]:t,~Gl§a.L . . .. 2..-.'{~! n aiy;.h_eir•...:,. ·. ':': . ·:. · ... : , .· :··. ·
· · :This:is ultimately.'.'c:(question of.-fact ([Link]) will ·- .. • 3. LeQatee_qrd.ev1s~e;_ an9. . . . ._
..
......... · .. - be -refolved:·.in: -c~se... of. [Link]'y, ·.by.. the·... . · ·t :".
Estate.(J.q_~AD,O, Su~c_eSS!On, _SUP!a.!J(!.,4~_)._ ·.,
' courts~(/dJ-···.. .. '<, ; .. _ .·. ,·.: ,•' . .. _... ' ,· • .. ,' ' ''' •. ~- . . ''' .
. , . ._-:,,' _· .· ··: _. ,: .. · . . . ~- ·_: ,·.• ,_:: . ·;; , ,. . · · ~-_If~ the :will_ is··sile"fi as
to who_ shall P"~Y _t>r. ael!ver -the.
... •.. No pa1(cular form·:i_s·.~_requirsd.'~-lt·~may ,be ipa·c;l~ · 1~q_a,9~f9~:'i~~:- · .··· ,. . - -~ , · :· ·· , . _
·expres§ly·orJ~citly.~(3.°f'.ARAS;<su,:fra;a(401) .... : . · 1- .. ·If Jh:~_re.:. ts-;~~ _ ..a_~~1n1,~tr.~t/.O!:l_'·_ [Link].ee_dmg, · tf . ···,
-~· ~ ..
.r; ~1f:tt-ietf~r~._i)<J.:~?IT\)~i~tr~Mr:[Link];
, : · ... _:___; ; .. : · , . · _. . · · · :-.. . . -· · [Link].a. charge _upon the_ estate ... : · · · ·
Etti~ts ·o·t:~~bs~tjlJ¢nt,.1~~-~[Link]: -~:-_ . : / : . ·, Jil"lg·s: it:_il,.a"
1: ..: Deprives: ;the. pfferidea,.7.- party,·.-9f',.the'~.-right ~9.: .1 · .. · . ·. ·ctiarg~··~potthe he_t~S (Id):._. : :<"";'
': . ·. disinhe'rit· arid' . :. . '' ·. ' ' ' - :, - ' ' ·.. : '' . :
2. Rer:iders ineffeetual. a'ny disinheritance tnat _may -N.C?.t~~-,f'., -i~~a~_y is "b~_cj_0_e.~lhE:,~i";_,whi)_~·-f1. devi~e i~
·· ·. :- tiav~.been·· made- ( cl_ViL. ~.(?DE; Ar( 922)," .. : .. ~~yi~~-f ( $.:fAf.?A_S,:supra~ at_ 404{ · - -. · ' ·
'. . '> . ,; .· : ~,. . . ~. . .. ·~.!·---: ... : .... • ~ -~-- . • .-, ' •· • ... ..u.-1.'. : . :. . " .
·. E:xtent of_ [Link] .of Leg~tees/Deyises',
, • :.~ , , . . .•

Eff~_ct [Link]~equent R~c(?n~jliaJi_on·itgroVlid for

·. Disinheritahce is::unwoi'th_iness to. Succ:el}~_-:, . The lega'teesidevisees shall b~··1fable'[Link]. charge·
1.· [Link]: has ··been-· m'ade: .Rl!I~ · on - . · tQ,. ·-\~~; ._e'5J.e_nf 9( th.~- y~fu.~,. 9f ·tqe Jeg~9y/devi?,e-
· .,rec;oncJliation applies./'' · tfi~- _.disinheritance , rec~1ve~- ([Link], Si1.9cf}ss1on,_supra. at 345-346) ..
·. . .
. becomes
. . ~ . ineffective.
. . · ·

314 I 2019 SAN BEPA LAW CENTRALIZED

.,,. BAR
.
OPERATIONS
:,
 su-·.ccESS·IQ.N . .
. _- · : . · SAN BEDA [Link] BAR OPERAr10Ns·--MEMonr Aio-2019 · · .
, CS~$W&a¥¥7@itfltJM kN#Hb'# :i4Mi#t iUtife:t&i!,§tS%£ti!W:,;;awM#S£Wkf4M!-Mk5£:4#:<i~S:U?"Sia"@&'A4¥iii-ifi;jP'foW iiiSfllli.7'.

-, Llability when No One is Charged ordered the·giving of suc;;h legacy·or device.:·,ln this
r Should" the ·_testator "not charqe any leqatee- or
·· c~se,·ttiere was court approval (3. PARAS, supra at.
_ : dev1see. in particular, all shall be" liable in the. same :-2199). : . . . .
, proportion in which they may inherit (Id at 34(5). :
• '·-· :' • • -r-r->. ·-: - Solidary liability of [Link] take possession :.
The· paymenf of_ a legacy provided .for in a will ·~anoot If jwo or more heirs take possession of· the estate,
be .ordered by· the' -court .unless' the, estate of the they shall be· solidarily liable for the- loss or
deceased .hasflrstbeen liquidated; i:e,, the assets destruction of a thi1ng devised or bequeathed, even
determined' and alldebts: taxes-and expenseshave [Link] on.e of them should have been,negligent
been paid (Pastor, Ji; v. Coui: of Appe,f)ls, 'GR. 'No. (CIVIL CODE, Arl. ·92?). ·. · .. .:
L-56340, June 24, 1983). . . .,
' . . . , ! :-·. · ,..., .· . L_egacy/Devise. of Thlriqs Belonging to Another
.. - Principle .. of Untouchabillty ' of -the' Legitime of t. .If there was an erroneous· belief on-the part_
· ~--, compulsory Heir. .. :· . _ . . · . · of the, testatgr "that the .- property! or . thing ·
_ The compulsory heir shall not be liablefor the charge
»; bequeathed was his: .[Link]"leg~cy devise shall · or
:.. ~-- ·... peyona the disposable [Link] to him. It should .. be. void -because you .[Link]. [Link] do
. .[Link]. his,•legitin:ie-'(C°IVIL · Q_QOE,,-Art: '-925, ·-pa,:. . · <,,' • n'ot_pos_se~s or own. ': ·, · ·.· ·,-. · - .: · ·' ·
·:

'2V> :,~ . :· · ':_ .; : . ··· • . . _. · ·: . ~'. . - . .·: ~- _ . . ·". Note: ~Gt 1f .the ihi~g:·b:e~ueaJ~e'd,. iho~gri, n~t .
. ~on:iri~IS?IY·:tfei_rs _char~e~. "':'ith a· sub_-l~Q,acy ar'~~-:''. . b_el?n_girig_.Jo th'.e i~stat~r.:when [Link] w,ill,. ~ffei
hable in:
proportion not to how much ea~h- actually; . afterwards b~com~s_'h1s, :by whatever· title, t_he
iriherits, ~ut on!y in· proportion to _fh~if -insti!utiorf to . , ·. · . c;[Link]~_i:i.:-$hal_!·--.-~-~k~t effec_t_ (Cl_i/iL .;p~oE; .fl,rt.
the-,free disposal ( 3 PARAS, ·supra-at 407)., - . . . 930). The acqu1s1t1on by s_ubsequ,eht · title ·1s. an
· - ·· · · .. · · · -L.,.:;;, 'examp~e~o_f-an' ~cquisition between. the. tfrne of.'
· ·tne making ·of the will,. and the testator's death.
. I
· . . Tfiis woulti t;>e. J\.lstified '.since after all, the.-will .
~ . be?-coriie't e!fec.~iye only ·at th·e tinie ·ihe testator
' / dies (3 PAR0.S,.~upra at 412),; -: ·. - :.· ·
:-·.. _·· •'

.- . ' ·.
2. ·:
lf_tti. ~~; ".latqr. kn'e~-t~at·the_p~opertl~~ tb·i~~-
:b!!,<?!1~ecj/t~ [Link]~r: The leg~cy ·_ 9!-_-"devise
.
. -.
s_tiall _l:Se ~alia. ~0~s~eq~E;:n~1y. tbere _ s_~_a!I b_e a i .
. ·,
presumption that the thing must'be acquired-by·
. ·. tl5e . executor·. 'pr ,fdrnihistrator . .by".an-·.' heir· or
.. : 'expressly_:·_· -'chwgec;f . with' ·_.such·- obligation :·.
(;J,fJRAD9,- ·Suqce$Sio_n,_.supra at, 349-3'50). .
:_., AtlJJ'_.~--. __...,_.... -.'.,. . . . .. :- ''.·. :. . ' ·-.. . .
.. . -[Link]"acy/Devis'e ·of_ ·Things :Beloiiglng .Partly: (<? ',:
-:<.- i·'E~a~pl~·~f:S-4b~ieg~cyor,Si:ip~devise~ ,'· ··Another··;_.-.,··" .· .t _.,· .. .:-· -~:'· ;-: .
·· The'testatdr:said; "[Link] ca_r'to··L; put I warit·L t?·. ·. )3.en_era(·,[Link]~;_,·:,Th~-, l~g~cy __'~r-/ae~is(--~tJ·an-· b~ ·
gi1e-P500;000 to1X':-:·· . :- · ·· : ' : ~- ·. ,. .. . -' .. un9erstqda tc:i -·be. limited···to 'tnedestator','- [Link], or
. ::--.:, · ..,. -,· ,:,.• ;· .:-: ·,,, "··-· ·. .J i ··. - . . , . ·• lfugatee-'s part·br-intere'st.-·.. . ·_. ~:-:_· :,:-··: - . . .
:~ote:.·Jb~ ·legacy 9f, the :c?r
fr>' L __ is· 9~·.orclinaty' . .· .-"-' ·:·-: ·:-: .. ··· "· · _. · .. :: -.. ·., ' ;·-· .. ·.·: · · ·.
· ll:)gacy; · bllt -f!ie- le'gacy of P!:i00,000 fo· X i_s c!, suJ?~ . .Exception: Tesfa,tor'niay exp're:ssly Qed~re .that ~e
:,1~gacy tfavlntr.,_been· imp'o'~;ecf upon L:: . ··. ..,. . , . . . . ,.· _ _ :b~quec!_ths or, qevise~ _tt,·e. thihg .. \ri its. eAtir~ty '(CIVIL -.
. ··,-.1· •. ,-. ,,.·,-.·: ,.. . • ·'~- COOE,.'Art9e9):"::·:_ · ·-- ... .. . ,_
.: Liability "fpi" 'E;vi2tior,i.,.,, · · .. . . -' - ·
1. · .If devise°i:o'r.\!legacy· . is Trfd_et~rininate... o.t Requisites:-(EK)'-· . ·, · · . ·':"" ·. · . <_- · ·
: genedc:\th.e·· .heir- ~whci is.- charged··: with the . 1 ·.. Ar(~«press dec1_a~~ti9n \o~th~.feltect, aJ>p~aji~g -
'::paymenfqr deliv'e'ry:o(ih'e: de.~ise''l6r legacY:sli'all . . -'in the·will itself; ·a·nd. · : :· ·. ·,, · :: ·
··,· .:.be. liable "in. case 'of"evi"ction .. ·. . . . .- - i, !SriQwleci"ge. on tti~ _p9rt of th~· testato~ ·_that. the
2... If devise·[Link] is determinate o·r specific:. · ·· - "thi_ng_ belo_ngs partly to a ·third· p_ersor (c_an pe
The~_heir who is~cti"arg,id -ccinriot be- hel~'li~_ble)n r.irov_e·n . frqm the ~cintexf. C?( · the~ w~I or ,from
. ·' c·ase of eviction .(JURADO,. -Successibn, supra - · __ .extrin'sic '·evider:ice) :·(JURApo; [Link],.
'·, a(346-347j. ··. · · ·_ ·, '· '· · -, : · . _ .: _. ~ supra ai 347): .. - . . - : . - .
. .. . . . .. I . . . • '. . ,. . ;-

. · .: ; · . Note: lfthe fegac,i" or devise is a burden dot. on tiie .Nofo_:. For !fie···exception to .?PPIY, th.e testator-must
- h~.ir bu~ "po
the: estate itself, there is- no \varr~nty . . "expressly' declare {hat he gfves thEf thing- rn . its
·. [Link].". This clause has· been· interpreted,to-mean
· ·against eviction,- whether the legacy b_e specific -or·
generic, __ if there w~re court 'proc~edi11gs · which that the wrole is .being gi_ven -despi_te the tes!ator's

201~ SAN [Link] CE"NTRAl:.[Link] OPERATIONS I "315

 sw:CCESSlO.N:
SAN~BEDA t:A W CENTRJ)LIZED· BAR Of EM TION~ :- MEMORY AID-7p1 9
_;~·.1'»¥Z+·C:4iilM &Fit?.YE@s ,A ea s~em:,:: , . aJP5tiB :ttt0·:t1:ai:s,#;1smt ge-.;2 sm ~s #tH &zs,, &H!r£iFi¥4i·is+¥@it¥P4t· AAr:saritffil

knowleag:~. that he does 'not own: the .. e_ntire'![Link] .. If ··: Note: In Art. 931, .the testator. knows ·that .beds not
the testator thoug'ht'h.e · owned the whole thing,_.and the owner of the t]li_r,g being-given (3 PARAS supca
he says that he gives the whole thing, only [Link]- at4i1-3J .. -. . . · · r, .. j' • • . . ~,

that he owns shouldbe given". the rest being void . a . ·.- ,. . .. . -~

. leg_aay,.-4r-:[Link]. [Link] the.-rri9~i~g - . . Li~gc:1cy 'of Thingj;' Be'_lon.girig to [Link] '. ; .
otthe~will,, hebecornes- the. owner .of said. rernainder • , The [Link] [Link]-thjnq wh_ich·,at the time of
.: "b/-~ha_tever title"($ F?ARAS, supra_a't 410)._ . . the execution .of· the-will already belonqed to the
· • • · ... .. -s, ·. • ·. ." -, • .· · · 1e·Qate~ or~ devisee s~a_lL be- ineffective. even thouqh
.An ~rae~- t~ i;quir.;th~. -u~own~d part i~:~11ot~ss~nti~I another , persorr. may, have .. some interest ·therein
."for ·(t is sufficient ·for the· declaration Jo .be express . (CIVIL 'CODE,-Art. -9,32,: per. 1). . . .-.- .. :>: .
. ~· (Id:). . . J . . : I • I _' . ' . ·,, ' . ' ,-

' .• ·.:,~ i .. -- -t-" . .• • ·., • .: Effect of Acq·u·i~it·i~h b:y Legate.e: ·.(JlJRADO,.

_' Eff~cts of Partition ·.. . , . : ·. . Su9c'e.s'siO.[l., s~pril,ias1>.352);. • ', .
!r:c.cc1s~1cif\~~b$[Link] division .or partition between · 1'. If the· thing' belonqed to [Link] [Link] thetime '
-theowners in common; .... : .', , i.. ~ -/~. · : . .• -.-, . · · :: •of tf;le execciti0n_·c>f"th'e',Wjll;·· . .-_ ./ • . /··. :: '-."
. 1.:: ·-If'. t~·e .. ·thij:'lg_-.'ri~:.-_ p_liysi_c~IIY: .. d°ivi~ibl.~ i 'or ... ·( ). ·-·a.r· I 1.(t~·e:,~!:lita!<>t.:e·rr.o!{~ously;-b~lf~ved· that
. .· con_yeriient, ..9f c:l,i_vi~!?n),:,_A~·.:'9?9,pJ:t~_e,,.Ci_~i_l :·,:·;.. :;. · dt,was;his:::the_·[Link],,or·[Link] ·st,all be..void
<·/·~~.:
j·~~

·, . Coae·~applies. . . ,, .. . _ · [Link]'.°t'h~· syt:iie'quen(a'9qW~ition s'tiafiiav.e ·'.:.

2.-:· ir.t11~,''·tblng;::. i~\ p!]9si,caJly ·'ind1V_i$i9!e br · . • , ~ t:iC:i' effect,- . , .. \ . . -.
. irtGC>l:l'feQi~f}t.,Rf..~iyi,SiQ[l,.lh~ .-r_l*S·tapp~l0~9,~,:_;!f,th'~:.t~~t~tbr:--h~cJ. k!l,OW)edgeltbat itsV,t.~S .
.. _ .s~-~11 ?~Pind -up_on'. y.,he!~er- tbe · thip~,1:is1: fipall¥ 'T ). ~- '[~>,:·
i:io.t ~it-. t.~e·~.ec9nd.p~rag~aph of Art~ 93-3 .is ,
. : ~QJJ9p19ated:..t? tt:iE:·-.t~~ta1w· qr:. to .t~the,~·~,nt?r ~.: ~pphcaql~:· ,: t:'. -.~ .. · : ''. ·· ·. : .. · - . i . .-. . ):_)J;~l__
,
.[Link],iog:;tt)!3·,p[QYi~[Qf)S·O~:Afl~.92~oa.:~9f::- _. , .. - ' '{~' iP,.1f-lt1~:-le_~~te~,· or ·.[Link]~e-_·ac_quires !I. : · ·
:· · _. the ~i};ti!',Co~e.,(U~RAD.9; ~u~9es~~io~(~upra a.t , :,, ·: .:. · -_·
~g~~'.~i!~Li~ly,· .hJ~. can ·cl~i1!1 ~·othir,g ·.by · . ,,_ '
!·.:/·.,.~ __ .,,-.·<> .
_, .··}~lr-3.18)-: ._.';..,, ..
. •, · · . .'-. ·_.·,·. ··. ,;,, ,.. ·. · . ·. -··lt::/f:t •.,·. . . ~
!:ff~GJ!;> ..of. Pi!rti~i,;rn 1.W~.i::~ th~ .. Pr_Op!:)i:t is~, N_O:f .
-:i .:.·~: ,ji;.1 ·_,_-'.:: ·:._'·vf~fth~~eg~~y,of._dev1se
-1-.~r-\· ~ ~- . . ·. ~~·tMt'\\tiu~,: . ,..
.
)f·.· ··,:,,11.,:.. , l~t~ ..l~gate.e··p~,.[Link]~:acqu1r~?-'.t?l;ly
he: _ ca·n dernari_d
.-,i: _.:.'.·. - · '. · r"-';1\: ·.·:·.· . ; ·t· i ..

~f · · .. _ . ·:. ·., ·
Divisi_ble: ·: ·.· · · . :. /· · ·: ~eim~s¢rnenJ. :' . ~ · . · . ·
1. 'Adfudic~[Link]).1'Hestat~ ·.: - __ ·"-1~~'>;\"'·-, _c..· . !mj .·_-_.,.~,e,,;·· .'
• ·' c!· )(; ~t,!~:=;t~ti;,r,.,gi~:- J?~1u~.a'.t~'.~[Link].~' ')'.?i ~![Link]~~:'1ill.
:'\2~1f the/t1in~ro,l2,n_g~1 t~ .th~,.testafoJ, at th:..,tim~ ?_f.,.
:.: _,. · ..'·. :P.~~P.~f1Y,: JJ!~.) l~~f'l~~.f l?~':!~tf:~h~IJ_.J5e~'-7t£l7~ thr~f~~t10n:<~f-t~lftll;':8'!..?·".-: ':·"i" _· .. '·\-' .... : 1.·
, .... _.. ·~_·.,e,[Link],~we.: ·-_Qn!y,. ·:.a~.,-1t9,;-}t!.~..1J.~~~~~~rl¥'. .~ . · a;· ':~?!n.~ t~':P,!Je. ,<!-_te.~~?i;,[Link];,9fq1 ,..t!Jir~ ~-,. •. ·,
, ,·· ·,: -:. -: -i,:.b~l_~,1191.~g_;.to -t~.~-
t~:>.f.~\?Jo"[Link]·1}f~4)~~.lt?n;w,_. 4!.2· / .
:~IJN~·q~i,IE?'g.~¥, _Q~ .d_ey.,s~ ._is-\~-~~~~:d .bfA..1:: ·. , .. .-
. :: - b.,. ;)! : ... t.~,st!'!JC?r!:f.~.b~_q_ e:~th~~\:: -t~~~:,.tir,~ . •;..,j.<f}-. .. · ~57-:~n(J}Jh~ _sf9~:~_que.~t· acqUJs1t1on c::a_n~ot . ..
, ---: .. , ·Rr9.~~StY:;t~_~;_,~~·~l1~tijrC?P.t:frt~~-~t,i.a)~Pa~9s·t~. ·.: · . -:- , . ....:~r:ev,l~!t~~q~g~py;'~~--~JXis.~;·: .... ·,.:,.·, ·--';',,:.'? ··., ._ ,._ · , __ · ·
1 .,', '·:: • : . , :)tiJ .ll~1r,: ~.ey1_~?.~t.P!tl~g~t~~:.-. ·.·.: · ··'·\-1-,h .'.'e) • ,'. • .:. • -~-: _ <',:,lfj~~ .... t~!n~l1_s !·J:ll~~r~~~ci.-. m.,[Link]·,of~,t~e . · . .-: ·. -: .
. . .. · --, 2. _. 'AdJ!I<?!~a~1~n t_o.~ ~~Jrs! p_e,!:~~-~. ,, : ... · .. ,>J;,'JE · ·.
\~ev,1s.~.~· or?.!~tatee.:.,tb_.erer1~ ri0 re.v~c?t(9rf .. : {. . , .·. :.

~~~\- ·... ·, .. :a:r- .._~~~~r~}?t~~~-,~~1~:e::

.:·.. ~ ·:,_._. . : .._ . - ','.'. ;/~.,toP.)[Link]~ffec.t_ (9!:VJJ,
:~;}1~is;;~~3:
.
l!it~ti~!~bg;~~~.t~~.t~i: ~.~oefi~iaii.i;~u;:~-. -~ \ · .
[Link]?,.~,;A?Jj~~~'.:.<,"·.
··M}\"tt1rqM~~ .,e~e~;~~l~O ·~f- t.q.e,: ~II)_;· ;\h.~..J~@_a~ypr ..
':,.-.-.~--~}:· · ... : : ~, ... lf\.)•.,~~~~~\qr.,' }1.b~_~1=1.e.~~~$l,a·.'.-,~-~9~::, , .~[Link]~ .' . . _,;,._.d_Ef~1s·~ sh__g_lk ~-e,_\'~i\hout eff~~~·JE;,¥.~l:):.tti'09g~ ;.j! _. .. .
\i:::, . · · . . ·'._,_- ._. l?~RP.e,rtr. ·,t~e '.1:9_.~:cy: p~. ?~Yi~~-}JQNl·,;Q~ _ ; \ . · . · · ,· rl')ay. hc!ye · be.~!1 ~-u~segue_r.i~ly_ [Link] by hid:.,.'· .' ~, _·.
~-... '.f·-.·~ .. : ._., .. ·; w1th9ureffe~t- Rn!y· i3S )9' t~e. P.~r:f.·for~_e.r1~ .. ·.:-,.: (.QWl&:P,®DEI;:~rt.~33/lp~r::~?-':'{:<;~. ··:' \'.·: / ·:. • .. ·i;.;,. .
· : , · ·: ·:. ;.: b.~)_o.!).gu;ig)q, ,l(fie)~$.lq~0r- :bµt :.SDi:!_1):· ~t1ll.1.t;>.e . · · . · · ·: . a-., ~If. )l:J.~;legate_e·: Qf ..d.t?.Vl:S~~ ·:.[Link],. 1t . . .· . ·
(~.-;./: . · :<, · · ,,:. -J~~~ry~e~wimfe~p-~tt:,}~e·.pa_rf:'pfJf:if~~.j.(f .. · ... ~- .. · · .· tq '~{e.¢~tiqr{~fi~(~_ifi.}1~.. · : ' . .·,gr:a:f~itd\ii_Iy.~tt~r,:tf.(e.
\(· _-. ·
.< ·_:;·--,
· _: · .r;>ers~n (Jl)RADQ, · Succe,$~ion,,. $_upr.a: ,at
. ;' B48}:- . . ~ '
-· ·. . .- .,:¢~1:,',claim :'nothing ·by virtue of th.e legacy.'or
. .. .. " · -"
.: : ·
.- ·... ·. . ,' deyls,ef;. <. ,:_::. < : ·-: . } : -:-:.:\). \: . \ \• :~ \ ~ .· · ·. .
::.:; ·. -- . . ·.·. ;,. . ·..: ·: · ·-; :.-_ ·. . . . , · .:: . : ·,_ .:, '{/;i'.: .. ·::.: · f
< I.t:it-Jt[Link]·b~:~11~~~q\.Hr.~if;bx,.~r.e.r.9_~.~. title~a~e·r.. .
. '.~·-;:' '. :!.J:\:.f'.~-:::t?2~.·?9~''?tr~i;ig.~t-_, ~~~l}~\L.L,Y,,~s>:tJJis,)h~. . ,:,;. ! . : _.th~~~,se_ql,.lti,9n.:~C,!h~,·'\"ill;'Ae .ca:rf :d~rnand. .- ---::~·
· <.'~:: . , prop_erty. · In ·Art: 9~~\'the _$1rR!Jger)(Vf:lO[LY .·pwn-s . : .. :','-;, .,: ~ re(J'!)~tJjs~.11).~nHrojn·.th.~. b,ek 'or the :~$late . .-:. . ·.... ·
.:.-- ::·, · ~.F. '.:P!_f;_:e._.,,rt_.:~;-_.-~.::~·Y -·_·;,.·;~.:.:. :·..·_:.·
·- -,t.• 1 _1 .._ ..'._:·_·:_:_'.~---~.·--.·_:~:.-·.-
.•·~-'-.:~:.'_:.: '••'. :.\_·;_·:_. • .. -:· ;. .... • ·.. ••• • - (dvicc9mE,-,~d, 'i!33, ~[Link], · 2):. ,. ,. . : ·· . • · ·. .
. _ __ ~·
V(h~n?;[e.~i~t{>f'.~tfler%t~.~f~i~_i_H8\'l:·;'.::. ·: _·-
, __ ,. ·.:
< ;· . .
"l:li§·p;gsitiP!)~ ir{~enfra.l~!e}.m,,s.~.~ . ·... : · .. ; · ·. : · · .. : :.1 ·.
~ · ... i.[Link];·: ,; ~:f~'"" -.:, ·,.:; ,~,:.:.,,•.'?,-, -~;,:~ .. ·-~ ·;.;, \..: .:.,i:",):· ....; -~ ;:s):' · .·))..,.~-:,
1 "'. " ··;,;~ ... :.: . ·

---~.~.e:_\Jefr,:~·eo.n.wti9f'1:.t.~1r. ,?.!:?Jig~i9n:is;i_mpos,:d .qr th__e, · /-:~d,i~-P,Qs)\.(?n'·~,WcJ~ iD·.g~n.~r1:1I..~[Link];s. in;.[Link]. qf' tJ,e

~state· _r:iust · acqu1re-,1t· and_ g1ve·)o~· .. ~ame,1,l9 th~.·-. · _ t_~_s_tatt?r'.~ tela~1ve.~ -~h_c,111-~_e:_y!')derst!=>()~.;to ~~.1_n:.fa'j!9r . · .. .- ..
'legatee._ oiv··dev.i?ee; .. buf 'if, the· 6wril:lr= refusej, or. · . of thos.e nearest i_n·degree .(CIVIL,. CODE, Art, .959):'
;de'.man~[Link]·excessive. price, ihe'.h~ir or,-,eitate,$hall ·.,. : . .-> .. :: ;·__ .. · . .'f':'-: ·-;. ·; '·;.-v << <-. , . ;~ . . . :, . ·<:-~},
·o,ri_iy:,.iii~?i5.~fi~~·a·.i'N-:·:·g\ve\~~~~-1u~r":.;,_a1u~;:1cr:·iii~·. ·, .. · ··,.:<.· .: ; ::·, . .- ·--.:-_ ..
·!~ga~eelde'iis~e·(.~J;~ltGO.°'E,.Arf:;931-);, : _ >. ,: · .· . -: :· ._ . ,., . .,- ., ,. > \ ,- .
. \. ····•··· ... ::-.: ..... (_i.-.1 l • "'• · .• ~ .• ·.,~ .:. ''-.,!-,;·.: ,:,-;_.'., t. •. • . :·: ... -~.·!i· . . :,
: .. ' ·.

. , .
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SAN BEDA !AW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS-· MEMORY AID '2019 ... '
( ~4S:~i&5' :'~#73 ·~th~™:''§~¥# »¥k?ttfflfyfk\#iM?h!tti·4?JZli®WatlMiMMi4@tffiit=~.:fiM#SMifSh\&4!&:on~Mti3!Wf~m; ..

P!edg~d or [Link]/Devises . .. The legacy of credit shalrbe:toniidered rev~ked

When th~ thing bequ·ealhed has been given .as a . _if.the te:stcito·r s_half:' ' . :. . . . •' . . ......
security 'tor-:a. re"i::overable d~bt, the. esta,t~ st:iall. b~ .. · 1. Bring an action against the·- debtor for.-paym·ent.
obliged Jo' pay_-the·:t:feb( unless-~ ·coritrar.y"icit~ntion·· of his debt·; aoci: .·. . . . . : .. ~- . . , -'..- : . .
.of. 'the "te.~tc!fot_· [Link]?\s.~·_The; leg~teM~~v_ise~ sti9L!ld'' 2. There inu~t- be a judicia) deriianci;. hence an_
r_e<;:ei'{~;[Link]~e f:orn_ {h~ encg1]1br;:ir:,c!3 ! CjVIL,GQ_DE~ extrajudieiai demand shall. not be su"fficle"nt to.
Art. 934; pats.. 1-?J. ·. ,· . . ... , rev.o_keJhe leg~cy-.(Jl:[Link].O,:succe~~i9h; supra
. :.
. ..
. . .
. . . '-·' .. .-· .. :.·".. .... _.,_· ...-. . . . '\·..
·\; . ......

('
-at 355'): " · · · ·' · · ·.. ·
Any other charge, [Link] cir tem'por~ry with'which • :. :•- "" • I

the . legacy/devise-,'. is' . burdened, ·pa'sses· . tp ·. '.the ~~gacyJo Creditors . '.·-:··· · .... i, .
.'. -_ -1egatee/[Link] '(€1.f]; [Link],.jeasem(;~t~,jeases'' LEfgacy/d~vjje. madeto [Link] beapplied .". :
which are reaj right~Y(GIVJ/.,eobE,,Aif.: 934,' p_ar.. 3).' to· his credit, unless the testator. provides 'otherwise
" , ! • • l~~• .'" •·• \.1''. • .•: ,: ' .. •;. • ~I • • - :.· .:. ~ ,• . (Gl~v1L eooe, Art.:·9·~.~). . .,.- . ;:·~- :, : . . . ·;
:·. ~-egacy of c·r:~~it_a·n.d Remisston 'of o·eb_t_ '·~- · . ·. _ , ,. . ·, ,·.. s- · • v
: [Link] of Credlt ;-;. takes place ..when, the testator . ·.. · .Altemative-Leqactes/Devlses' · · .· · · :' ' · . · : . .
. , [Link],!~~--~b':th_E:. !-e~q~fe: ~hJ~D,- ~~e _9a? : '7,:_9i-~·9f
[Link]-testatorbequeaths "o"r devises two ..
again$t a··fn·ird ·perso1;t(CIVl[1 CODE,,·Arts/ 935-937; ot m'cir~ thj~'g's· but 'whic~ ·car{he 'comP.i'iect with by the . ::
: ~-f)ARAS,s~f.i_?.c!t ~-21f .. ·,_._.; :- .' · _·:~- - : _: . _:. ·.. : : · .. . ''defivE:fry .·:'of, ohly:-:6.n~- 'of. [Link] . the .beneficiary _;;._
· : (JURADO/Successiof), sµ[Link]-356); <. · · 7,· ' . ·
rt1ere .is.' in"-'etfoc:;t, t_a .;bOatioti of :th~ '.~re·c;lit:by. :· ,\. . .. · .. .-_ · ·,, ... ;. ='.".:·.~: ),,.:. ·.: > . _, .. _:: . .-·- .... '.:r..
s1,1prci~jati(1g th~_'leg~J~~: ,[Link])ig]1ts.,of [Link] O[i~i'jnal: . To Whorn,<::hoice [Link]:-. ~ .. ·. ··,::,- ·. ;,.,.: · .. ,,_.:.
~.cre~_itor, ('J.Uf3A_QQ,.$u_e_Cf;tj,Sjcpn;.$Up_ra.aJ ~q,4),-;lfithe. : . 1-. . -The: tie.i~. ypon 'WO~o:!
the ~obligation)o'- [Link];th~:
tbJ_r.d·p~rson_ P~Y,~ t9 _!he,t~s,fa_tor;:lh\~e~qF,'o(~vis,e ~; '1 1e·gacy-'or d~vis.e 'i?._imi?.e:sed; -or .. : .... : :~. '.: -~ _.
shall.b.e qee.1J113d_·tp hay,e.qee_n e_xtingu1sl;leq.:: :: .. ,' 2'. The ·e::secut?r;'i:w ad~inistrafor,. if ~o heir:.ts
, .• -- , . ~:.1 • .' •• ( • ··_ .. :..', ,. .• :::.· , ,. • oblige.d (CIVIL. C.~DE, Art .. 940if!c1_(· n:
Example: Tis D's·creditor for P.1 Million., ln>his will, · --' ·, -:,-.; ., ,
·fgave this credit to ((3 PAR~S, supr$"at.421).' . . -~q.t/choi._<f wil!'J~~~:i'o: b.~'.·made__upoo tll~);·~_th.
. · : · '..,:· · · ' · · ·· -.~ :,k · · · · i ~-' ~--· : · · of the t'?stator\ One~ .. the choi_ce. __ is· m_ade/ iLis
• Leg~·cy. 9.f _R.~mis~i_or{~tD.~~t of,..? ~'W~i~ ,9_e_~t, -I _·., irreyo~a~1J;:;; a9.a · ·.4~e. __ l_eg~c~_ .. ~P.-~c;[Link] :_ ,,sim'pl~
: e~i~ti~g at th~-- trmfttie~. ~i)(~~~~~'(_a.ndJ_ii. th~.. ,, (JURAQ©/$ucc,e~sidn,s,upra. at· !}¢56);. : ,.,_,. ·. ·
amount outstc;1nding .af the''time,ofltiet'aeath' ofJb~ · ·. ~ · · · <- • · · · · ' ·· • ·
. . . '. tesJato~. (Cl.VIL_.: SO.PE_;· 9?~2~at!23 f?~11s,. :A[tf . If
. '• Jh';·h·~ir,'l~g~;~~ ·c/a;vi~~-~-~(~·s. b~fp°t~ t~e . . rn;ki~~·
~i1 ;~;I,;·:·.
·. supra, at 422). · ,-/,· ·, .-· · :;-,·. ' :::· . ·· ~ . . . choice,. this cigbt sfiall p9SS·to'their reSp$Ctiv~ h~irs·' :· ·.

Ex~~~;i:~;-i$';i}~dil?...loiFY)r;~~i· iQ . ((d:~ ~~-S~,7,f:_ ····::_:·, ;, '.. -1:· ~:_;·: '.'-;_:_·'. :·_.!:.-· ...:)~::;.-. :~:,, .: .. :_·Y .
was remitted this dept off> (3 PABA.S, sbwa-at·421,). · . The [Link]..,/tl\J~t !:le:.G()m(!i!J.~i.c.a'ted. t~_m.e re'cipi~_ot·,-.
.
.· · ' · , . : · .. --~·:" ·, · : ::·' ·. · . ·· . . c!f thJf,aite'rn~tiye..lE?gacY. . .
N~t~_:_ ·.E~~c.!i~~ · ~_;,1):~~_>e$~-;9~i. tp -,.~re·~h tjE:},{ 'q~ . ·bee:om~s. ;:rsimpJ_e_otie (3-PARl\p 'siJpra_.af:,,;r1-1), .·: ~- : ~
.. ex1:>trng atthe time ~f the-de~th _pf the te·st9~~!'{f~ . . ·. · · < ·. : · ·. • · :. . :· :-. .. · ·. · . : ,. ·· . . · '·
· CQDE,:Art. ~~-5.-p~r:.1{'· .. : .' · , ·· -~ : .. ~: .. ,_.···:-· . . . _G~rierJ~-1.: .~gi1c)~$:arid.~Ge_!)l'lf.i.c;J>~,vis..e.$.~~r,,, -.,;;·,,·\
· . , . ·· ..,. ,,:... • : ; .,_. · ,. "\.".'< . ·r ,·>·:, : ·.· /.:.: · '.' "'.·. · ·'."./ . : :- . -. ' : .
G.~,;:1_e_ric.,Leg_acx.. - ,_ legacy'. ccinsi$tinJf:Pt ·p~t~onal ..
'Kindl o( Legafio(Rer'nis.~lcm\of~D~bt : .. ---~;._,,.: p(t)Peity.: deiigoate.d ·;ri'i'Efre!y-_. J;iy.:]ts ~[Link]$• :or(g'[Link]
· 1. 'Genetic·:- .. coniprfs~~ tall'~9ebt~,:"~xi~~ingi at·'.the witho..ut ·.~ny P;ar:ti_t~iar,:orJ)hy~ic;;a.i;.~egr~gatioriJicir:n :· '
. 'til!)e ·of _.:th{ execb}ipn ··,of_-. the'.)!iill-J:iuf no.t .. all- oth_ers 'of .tti~·sanie.'dats·(.,(l,JRADC>, [Link], ..
. , , ; • SUbseq' uent'·o. lies.' : . • . :: \' '. I . , .) ,;', • ~' '., SLJpra'at357 3581 . . .
'2.' .[Link]~ -~....-cpinpri§ei~~ri'ly~th·~ de6(0hi:¢h is
0 . . ' ·: .,
'·. . . :' . ~ . : . ,. ~.: .. :.t· ,-,.._•• · ... :· ~--::, .• _·,~-. :::·:",
. ..; . ;'--.
·-.:r ~-:·':'.: ;..~-
:· · sp-~dficpiJy·fnJri(jM"ed ·i'n ihtrwii1: -:-- . , ;·:.- \ :. . .. ~.'Example'.: 'The te~tcJ..iP,::beque_~ths~'ten·=hoi-~e~JJ to J?..s . · ..
:3°_''._ J~e!;[Link] t_o the._d~9t9.i:~op~'~:!h1ng P[[Link]~ftiy.'.~i~ · .. · __·.·> . ·< :: .•. :_ . <. :.. ·.- . , . ·:·.\.: .;' -:- : . , - . ', :,
=' t ...
. · .(JURAOO;_Succe$_~ion; ·sifp/iJ·a_t ;39"fl),:' :: .:· , · , A·[Link]·~<I?fc9f generi¢.p'er~<?rJs31 property, isya!iq even,if .,
. ._.-· 1. .-.; .. ·. . . · • := ·. ·.' c·-· _.~.. . :-.' •. - • ;·.-<....: .: · . .•. the_re-_be rriQ :.si.J¢h · thif)gs:,:of.-the_ ..sanifJJnd _..in'. !he ..
. ·Revoc·ation ofl.e·gacy·· .. : : ·.._.-·.-. :···.-:···-.~; ... :' . -}?t~te,(CJViLCODE,-Arf,,9'41;p1:yJ-1)_..·.· ... _ .. ·. ·. ·:_;_
: <fr t1~es:pl~i;[Link]~:testat_q·r, rriad~- ~fte/hav1'i1r;i' .· . .-._. . . . .- . '. . • r.-- · "" .• , .•. ' •.
the _l_e!'g~ci;fcredif:or'·[Link];.o(' d_ebt, b_rin.~f~:,f '· . · .· ~e,[Link].-De~j~ei:~iref;r~ tq ~i."~~Vi$'~ ~orisistlng'._of.·
·judidai: ~dfon .·_agc1inst-· the, debto,}even. it-·-payr:rient., · ·, · r~-~!-Pr9pe_rty 1esig~:atef ~~-r~!Y P/!.t_$~cl;;i,~s:or.!;J.e.~u~-<';
. shoul_d:iJot.~ave b~e·ri effectet1··a(the.-tfm~· O.{ d~ath. . WlthOU!· _any -:·pa_fti'cuial'. ld~s]gQ;;lll_On pr:·' phy~)~aJ
. · (CIVIL CODE; Art.·936;::pat.,1),: . ·. ·.. s·egreg~t1on _.frOQl"_all otti'ers·._pf.__t~e ~~m_E: cl,~ss·
. · . . . . .-,,:., .• : .--· . ,.,·. ,.· . (JURADO, Suc_cess1on, Sf.!pta:at358r . · ,·
. '.: ... { ·.· .. . .• . •, ' . ~

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SAN BEDA LAW CENT~ALIZEDBAR OPERATION_S·- MEMORYAID ·291_9 .-

Classificatiomof·Legacies
1 .. As to· effect .: ·. i. .

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318 I· 2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR [Link]?NS

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Rules on Preference

·Testator had · knowledge' .that t~gatee/devisee

the - thing _. ,. ·qequeathed c·an'cJaim [Link]· (LIPO) (RPSESO) .
belonged to, a third person and by virtue: 'of, the .1 ~- !:egi~irrie 9~ 1. -Bem°Lin'~ratory uq
the legatee/devisee. ,actjuire:d legacy/devise . · corrip_~[Link] heirs. 1. f [Link]~ial µo · .
the . property gratuitously. after. · 2. ·Donations lnter vivas- 2.... L for §L,Jppbrt·-
.the .ex'ecution _of ihe .will· (CIVIL 3.. Prefere[itial legacies .3:' : L for Education
CODE, Art. 933). , . .r . · [Link]~_s·: : --~· ·_ 1· - t/o ·.:of· §~ecific, ~a-·
4. · All Qther legacies :or . . determinate. : ·thing
Testator . h~d · k~~wlegg~·. tljat· Legate_e/deyisee' . · devices pro rata· which forms a p9rt of
the thing bequeathe'd belo,nged can ·.·. . ·d_emand .. , . . . . · the~estat$ ·· .
-to .. a
third person. a'nd'. the reimbursement . .. ._. >· 5, [Link] pn::,'rata.
le!gatee/<:levise_e .. acquirel: the. ;tr~in . the. h'ei? or : .· '.. . . :
property .QY onerq\jS title (C{VIL '[Link] .
COD_E, 'Art._ 93$). . . .. : .:. -: ·'°· .• . • . ·r . . . - . . ~-. . . .. . .
·f·. When .the reduction. 1 .. When. there oare · no.
/ '",. • • ,' I

• ¥~ ••
. ; . is- ·.neqe~isary' . - to,. ' .compu,lsory ~eir? antj
prese'rve- the [Link]· 1. · the entire.~ estate· is
of_ compulsory, heirs . clisfributed°_. by the
. fro,r:r1 · :: - impairment . :t~~tator,- 9Si · legades .
~ .· , whether t_tiere· ~re or·d~vise~; 9r . · .:
-~, -.
.....~ aon;atiens ··infer viv0s 2.· :Wt:ien. - .. there .: are .
·compulsory heirs but
. their · legitime , ha~ .
4. qi ready been'
5. :-pr:ovided · f9r · _by· · the
·6. testator,and
donations there·are
0

... 'no,. .. inter

vivas.:·

. :1.· outsloe-tne commerce of man . __ · . . ....

· 2.·. Owned by-stranqerbut f11istakenly,_elieved by
testator Jo be-owned b·y theUatt~r:(.4 _less late · .. , : .
. .. qwne? ~y the l~t!.e~) . .._ . . . ~ : . . .- ..._ ....... Eff.... ...f-:
~-~~--··o!.w!)[Link]~~}°ive.
L~gaci~s/Devi~~s .: ·:.
3_- ~e~_aCtl:n aN01d will.·: .• · '/. (· · " . · .· .. ·. · .Gene·ral Rule: .ln case of r:epudiaiion, revocatloh or' .. ·
4,, .Ge,:iencr:eal property ifthere [Link] of;.1ts_kmd
0

·in the estate ''. -;" . :· . . ,. ..-,.. .' . :

· - .. : -ine_.~l°P?.City",·. of tti_e- _le_g· atee :o
. . .-
o de_vi_s_ee-,._·
. r ·.
_-_the.
. ·, 5 .. If totally:lnoffidous:: _; 1..·· .; · · -~ .. --~- . ·· .. ' . · lega~y/deyise-sh~ll. be rrierqed with [Link] cif the
~' •• . • • . .:::....... , r- __• _ .: . • . •• • • _ •.• - ·.•·· • • heredjtary estate .. : .. · ·. . r ·... • ,. •. ·· • ,,·
<' -. . :... . -.. • ~-::- - :
,· ··• :---:' --: !:~ception:~ln°· case~of.'sLj5s'iitttion or accretion
:. 1_>ttio&[Link].k~ie_x.1?i~;s1y'.-:· : "' ... :· · :-· .» . . . (CIVIL COD_E, Art/956):-i, · .... :, -~. ·: ... :.·\· . ·· .. ,
•. . .• . - . . ~ '· . .. . - . , 1" . . . . . .·.-.. . - . . .
2,:Those ·r~_y,pl<ed il1)pli~ql_y'.::as; when'.··.·same·.. . ..·, . · :.. ._., .. · · '. : . ,.... ~· ... :·• ·. : .',· ··., · , ·· ·
. · (legacy). lsqlven to,~ilotl)er 'by.a subsequent will _ Grounds fol". Revocation 9f teg~cies and Devis'es. ,
3_.'· Th_9se··: reyoke~· b.y" : .[Link] o.f _ law . _ . · '1: .: ·Revocation by Tt'a~sformatiori · . ,
:. · i:tr~risformatkin,- ali~nation .:tiy ·testator-except · · .. · .- When. t~e .)~stator oi hJs ag'e~t tra[lsforins the
. · w,hen, _reacq\.!_ir~e:_:·by. :Tig_qt 'of repurchase or. :- .·. thibg· b~q-µe·[Link]:ed.- in Sl,,J~lfa,-i:rianner th,;at it does ..
. .: juqiGi~[Link]~nd. . . ... '. .... ,__ :· · .· · ... · · · not r:.etain-either theforrri [Link] .. denominationjt ·
4. De~t111~tion [Link]:i°afp~~l't~U:s e~[Link] . :. .: . rad·(~i'(IL:COC:fE°;' ~it 95( pa{i). · . -~ . .
.: . 5. lnteritipn'al destr_\.lctiofi. by testptOr'. . . ; ' . ·. · . . ~-. : ·, . · .... ·. . ... . :-. · L : .! • · \': ·:
, 6:.. .Pri.~e_ce.cJse; .~ep_ud1ci~i,ori; incapaG1ty of l_ega.tee , Fqhn · · is . the · ~[Link]. a·ppe,arance .. : wh_i)'e
7. Disinhert\ance if legate-~ is _cortipulsqry_tieir_ .. .'- .. denomination is the [Link]- by Whjch .. it is·known·-
. - - · · · · · · · · · . ..by_:aU·(JURADb., :suc;cessian,:_supta·:at_3_73). ·
. : .. - · (3. PARAS, s·upra at 4557456):' . ·
. . .·. - . :
; . \. .•
. :~"· . ,:he transf9rroati~-~ -~:~st . be bo,th with \esp~ct
.•. to the form and d_enoinination (Id.). . _,. · .· ·

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SAN BEQA LAW CENTRALIZE~ BAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY AI0.2019

. WhE:n· the testator. [Link] sells the property . A disposition made in. qerieral terms in favor of
bequeathed, 'there is implied revocation of the the-testator's relatlves shall be understood:to,be'·
- . -'i:iisposition.'· Th~. pr_esi:Jmptio_ii. unde'r:,u,e: 'raw. is. ih. favor of 'Jho·se· \i_ea}ei~t-- i(l1 d~~~ee;_.(CJY/{
t11_at)[Link]: has -,beieii-.'ci° cha:nge\of intention }3 . CODE=, Art .. 9_59r- . ·. 'r ' · . · .
·.J?AFJA'$, ·s_µprc(at [Link]/:5Jk :, . "'
',-
.' "Rel~ti\ies'.' [Link]-the 51h,d~gree, sinte' ·
There artsesva. presumption ;hat the. tist;to/s _PetSQl)S · farther .than this -are no." longer.·
[Link].o_o)_a,s fhange? (Id.). ·.: ' ;- .. '. ·. · considered retatives. It is .evident that-relatives
>· by _affinity ar~ excluded (3PARAS.sµ[Link] ·4_53), :
. /

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320. I
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2019 5,AN.·BEJ)A !-AViCENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS .. - ..
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SAN,BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS -.:'MEMORY AID 2019
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In all 'cases, where there. has been' an institution of d. · Di"!ision between 1e·gi~imate and [Link]
heirs, follow the (l:S.R.A:I.) order: : -: . . . c·~iidren (JURADO, Successio'n, supra at
· 1. lf'.the Institutlon fails, Substitution occurs. 382) .. · .. . . · . : ... ·.
2. If. there .ts ·no slib$tit0te, the· right. .of
· . Repr~seritation applies in the direct descending · N9te:_· :n:iiir· tui'e. is suqj~'tt to· th'e rule' of
. ··ilrie -tq. the; 1·~gitirb'~ if the v§c;:~nc.¥ is caused by · ,preference· .. b~tieeri ' •. [Link]· '(JURADO,
predecease •. incapacity-or disinheritance. , .Succes$ion, [Link]·:ar 382).
• I •-
· ' t ... ,_, ..

' 3. The [Link] ~ccr~tion :applies. to the ·free portion

· \· when· the-requisites in -, Art. ·1016 are ·prese'rit. · 5. Rule of, Barrier 'between the " tegi'timate -:
4 ... ' If. .there 'is ifo., 'substitute. and : the · right of . Fii'n:iily' ·a~d< .the ~-·11,legltimate·. Family - . The i.
.:_ representation or. accretion does not apply; lhe. . .. : il(egitirnate'."farnily'\:'anriot inherit 'by '·iri'tei's'tate .
rules 9~.·intestate;succession shall take ..over. . ,·: '·s·u~c~.ssi9n from-the .1.~g(tJh1~ie farr;[Link]' an~_ \;ice-.
·. : · · .... , · versa (CiVIL,. CO,EJE;''Ai;t: 992). · · , . · .. ·
. Rules on lntestate,Succession: .. .. . . ~· · . . . ..··- . ·· .. · : ....
1 .. Rule of Preference Between Lines e- Those-in 6: Rule :~f
'.o6Jbie_ [Link]~re th~' 0
r siood F~II
. -- [Link] cie~c.e'nding 'line shall exclude 'those in · C6ii~te'i-ais":....·wheA and 'ii'aif...:6r6ocl'b'rcithers
.. ' : .the. direct [Link] collateral· lines, . and. . or-sisters, neph'e~s ':or ~l~'te~·.,-, so"[Link]~e. :th'e .[Link]':
':'·: -.those in the [Link]'oing 'line 'shall, in· turn, . blcod .shall :.t'ake .a portion. in the inheritance
· · ·:eic!ude those in the cb.1latera1 line···Od .. at 380). . '. . ·)ici~Dle J~~\. ,t~e
··of. i. tiaif·:-b!opd ([Link]~o"b;
. , .;· \.: . ,. . ,·;_ ·t·.-~. ·;· · ·· .. ._. su·cce'Ss1on, 's!jp'ra a(419).··. i' · ;. . · ·
-" Th·e relative nearest ih...- , .. .. . , . . .
1
2. ·~·'Rule ·of-Proximity
. . . degr~e excludes the ·~ore ci'isfanr~ne~r.-saving Rule [Link] of· Line:,.,. Decedent [Link] ·
. · th·e ~ight .of [Link] when i! pr.oper1y takes by t'«Q. (2)_g)'~ri~·[Link];;(GP) i.n th~_P.i=lte)~[Link].
- .... ·. ; pla_ce '(CiVIC GODE;-ird,962; par. 1): ... - ·..... and one (:1} GP in ·maternal,[Link] shall
..... ... '. .'- . : ,,..~:- ,. >,.,, ·. _:- . . ,,, : . "" .,. ·.. . oe--diviMed"one': h~lf.(1h) .to: GPs i~. the ,pa_ter'nal
. ·. ' .. : . Thi_s, rule preSUJ)J:)05~$ ... ,tliar,'alj ·o_C_ihe;tel~tive_s - _.line, whilf in.e balf.'(~) to [Link] the maternal·JJpe_
. · :bel<'J'ng to·the"-same.'line.'lt·is-s't1borainated to'the ·':··:(CIVIL C<DIDE, Art.··98·7)·. . ·0 . • • - •• •

'rule(of pr~_fereri'ce' b'~tw.~.e~'lines (e.g./alth_bugfi ' ... ;' .'· 'f; ,\·· ·" .· ~ . ·', .... · .. ,"",· ·: · ··-"
... the_ sor;t~~-d t~e father,~?( !he. C!;,~~ei arr/fboth . I Rules ·on Relationship:. . . . ,, •' . ·~:.. . ':
'one ('1) ·degree remo1.1ed fronjtH~:_lfitle[,-fl'j-e SO(l ..:: 1 :·.:~.Numtfer.-J'f' ge~e/ratiqf]S' qe'rehnirtes p~oxifnity;-
sha// excJude,the fcfther) (UURA'QO,Succession~ .. 2. ··:'Eacitgeh~rati9ti'for'ms-a,degree; .··. . ",.". ;
. supra a(J81). : -. · ·. ·:-· ·· ,_3:, ·. A ~eries of a_~grie~ for~s. ~}i~e; . ,-: .
-<·:/.: .Ru,le::.i ~~~re:s~jl~a~l~/:.·1t ~~d)fus ~~:-R01e. ' \·.:,~_1'.~~i~~t:f.,:~-ector_.~[Link]~e:r~_I: '.'.'"·'.. · ..·: .. ,...
. , or'. Pfo,xiniit,i:,'' The·=.·. ni'ore' '._diftant· .. relativls
. :~ :.. ,· ·:· .. : ·.constii~:re8: the.'~~ri·e~ of tiei°g're_es·~inong. ' by
. ,'b~l<;>ng_ir:ig~. tp'"the" same'~clpSS: as tr.i{ pe'rson . . 'aseenaaht~;' arid des'tei'nda'rits ·.: (a,scending\.
' ... reJires!:)nted ·are raised -tci'lhe·:p1a& and:d·eg1ee ,-. ,·' . ar:i<f d,es¢enqing):_, l ' ·,...,: :: . : . ·:·· . ' . '
: .• .-·[Link] [Link] an,d}1cqui~e· th.e iig_ht~ ·whi~f.i~ he - . b.· · ·coHaterai·Lin'e . - . ":. . .
·:. fa!t~_r;yiot;i!d'h_ave'acqujred;jf he.'fler~~~ or if, ... · . . ~ ,' ..:constitu't~dsby·t~e.' seri~~ ot'a$gree~ 'al)1ong
', he ..<;;oultl have i[iheritea. {lb':). ":'.' ' " .' ' . :. '·: .pe"rsons·': who ~,'are '·n'ot'<ascedd'anls ·or
\. ) 'I:·-.-: >·: .:. .· ·._ . ·. :I . " .... ·. \, >'.:"·. . .·
=. ···"des'ci~~·a,~hts,, [Link],meHbrrr'a camr:ion.
( .-, ·:[Link]' [Link]:is-by: whit.h th[Link]sce·[Link] of a . ·. .:.. I: ..... -an~'estor:\.:> :~ ::, ·, .: .'' ">·· · · ,· .. \ :·,, . :, .
- · ".; chil<f.l'n .default 6Ufie,datterl5ecause of prior . 1 . ·. -5 .. Full· ·blooa SqJTle'fatnerana· mother)~- hair-
·. , "·:. deat~~-di$[Link]; ·9r)nca'pacify~:~'an'[Link] [Link]'~ . . .. .~(O~·d .··(o_nJy. ~ither°-par~~l js' t~e.· S?.r:Tii); qne.:o(
..-.< . ; : :fr?:1e3~d)i~~~-..1..tjs. $~~~ri~i to}ig~_t o_f.9~cr:e~i?n_ . t('_·,·rnn.~i~{:¥~\f ntil7~t~·1t~i:!s~ttr~~~~~6p{~}t~;
. , :-·. · · ,,. ,•, · and the: ~dop1ee~shall have ·recipro<;:ai''righ'ts of
. : . 4. Ruie of Equal-9ivisf~~ .:..·Helatives·in-ihe ;ame ~~c~es~i?n···'v;'ilho.u:t_ d!stin~tio'r))(Q~ legit~m.<!te ·
: .. :~ : . . 'degree'. ·_slia.11' inhEirit . in equal' shares (CIVIL; ' L ,r~1_<:3llo~;··~t;f_o~e\~J. .If l_he :P99P~~~}~nP: his/her .
., CQf??,ArtJ62)::.r,·.·:<':·-:~ . ."_:::, .·· . . ' ·.· .·· b1olog1cgi1·parent(s)hi,:!'d l~ftaw1ll1 th~:law .. on
. .. . / .. ;- . . . ·, . ·. . , : , , . . -. . . : '}e~tam.e!)fary '·~_u9q~s$ioQ . _sh.~IL g~\·er~. .CR.A.
:_ .. , E~[Link]. ~.,._ .· ... · • '- · :·-':"~ .. _. . · .· ,: .. '8?52;:Se9::1.8),,:·· ... ·: . -;,.'·.:·''-· , .. ,.:::.:
a. pivision -ir:i: the ·as_cending line- (between .. . · · · · .. , ,· - ·, " · ·
pate~ri~I and maternal gran~[Link] );. .,.,, :· lri~apacit;. .: ,: : - .•. :· . ; . -. . ..:.: · .: : - '.•. :· :~ .'_ . _. ., .
. b, ,·i Divisio_n-arrjong:.b,r6thers anct· siste'rs;·some · . ·c;e_n~~a_l J~.u_le:· Th.e sh~re.· or )ha_r~s \ whi_ch: 0 a're
. ;."Of. wh'om 'are bf -the full ·arid' others of. half-· [Link]~red vacant. S)lpl_l pa'_s~. t() .t~e cqfh:eir,$. of \he_
·. · :.. :··blood·;' . .· ·~':. ,, . . ..'. . . in~ap,adlale,9. heir or hejfS. by.~ tig,ht_qf c!CCretioli ·
·- ... ~-·· :.. o'ivisi.~,:i in cases·. Whe~e, ·the·.· ri~ht_ of (CIVIL C,ODE,:Art.' 968). ~. . . : ~ . .
. re~resentation- ta~es 'pla<;:e; and ··,

. . . . .
2019 SAN BEO,ALAW CENTRA[IZED BAR OPERATIONS I 321°
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SAN BEDA LAW [Link] OPERATI_ONS- MEMORYAID 2019

· Exception: If the incapac1tated hejr happens to be a Note_:' The .subroqation or the representation obtains.
child .or~ descendantyof the: decedent .and he has ·· . degree by. digree, the· inferiononerepresentlnq the
children or descendants bf his own, then the share relative· immediately higher in degree. No 'jump is·
which is rendered vacant by reason cif incapacity made .. , ' · ·
shall pass. to such children pr descendants by. right.
of .representation (JLJRAQO; · Succession, supre
386)_. . .. ' :' ", ·
at There· .is transmission only with
'
respect "to
inheritance. conferred by law.

322~1 2019.. SAN

·.. . BEDA
. . LAW [Link]
. ·. ", ·. .
 [Link],N
. . SAN BEDJ!. ~··•(CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS r MEMORY A10.2019_
~#>tbt&#i@? i§i •Sf:¥ Bd ;MW#&¥ S d'9ES9t.¥f:SW¥¥& SH§ $¥2,$¥4\#1?1 &li$24¢4#!9ifiWt:M-1tll:ceS"i :$¥± hf?M\S!4SRSSi~

2 .. All children- are .dead or, are _ali° incapable of

succeedinq: the decedent· and grandchildren · '1f the adopting pa.ren_t.sh.oµld di~ before theadopted
. concu(witli'great-grahdchil<;lren,,.the latter l;>eir,ig . child, the lattercannotrepresent the former-in the
the children . of other grandchildren· Who died inheritance from .• the parents- or -ascendants .. of the .
.·· before !he decedent or· who .are . incapable. of · adopter ·· · · · . ._
succeeding the 'decedent: arid . . ·.
3. All children are' dead or are all incapable ·of · The, adopted child is ·not re1ai~-;r to the parents· or
succeedinq 'the decedent le"irving children or' ascendants'<ot .the adopter. Because th'E!" fillatlon
descendants pf. the·. same. degree (.JURADO,· created by fiction of law is exclusively between :Jti~ .
.. ·.·sJccession, supra ~t ~92).. .- < . , :·: , adopter andthe adopted~(.3 TOLENTINO, supra at
448). . . . . . :·... · "". > , -
v, "/
Note: . In. )he ,-de?cei'n9in9: ·: line, the. riqht of
representation 'is · unlimlted with, regard _- lo the 'The legitimate. children and descendants :of :the.
descendants who· may succeed · (3, T_OLENTINO, adopted -child · cannot .represent .him · in ·-_-th·e
~upr<;1at450). :.: · . :~.~··.· :: -. - · successionto the ~~late of the ·ado"pting parent (/d_.
... • • • ;..• • ••• : ••• •• • : # '
at 448-449)".: ' ·. · · - ., · . · · -· :: · ·
.·.)
Representation 'in Collateral Line.
1' -··.
. .. ·: ·. · ·.
AD i!:lxcept_ional. case·
wfi_~re·: the right does not take Excepticns: ·. ', --. . · :.
place )n-. the· direct descendinq. lirie ';·but:, iii .. the 1. :.An adopted cannot ·inherit :from the ·legitimate
collateral Jin~. in: favor of. children- bf ·brQthers.· and . parents. o"r a'sc~[Link]-ofthe}adopter either·by
sisters ofthe decedent, whether they may be of full' . ·'represenlation or in his own right-; aricr: '··· .
blood or half~blood·(JURADd,:succession, supra at · Th_e- legiti"niate chil¢reh or'descenda[ltS of the
3_92) 0• • .,· l . .. . . adbpt~d:·:canhot: also -inherlt from. ado'pter ttfo
-.. •. ~~ · either by-ceprese'ntation ?r. in: their ·9~n ·right(ld.
. Li~·i_t;![Link]~~. ;. ; . _2 . : ; . • . :. ,·· _· _.. :; . ~ · . ._.,...,... ·!:::!.a'.at 4491.. · ·· · ., · .. · · · · ·
r.. ~:-T_h~ right ~~ffb~ e?<:ei'[Link]?19[.1(¥,,b_Y. [Link]):.r~s·ar:id ,, .--,. r, .. .. . .
Basis: Arts. 97.l:and 1 973· of the Civil .Code: · · ·.
·.:
. · nieces [Link] decedent, whettier tliey be of the
fui1 blood o.r h·a1t-b1ood.- · · ··.A.. . :> ·. ·- / I ··-' · . · · . . ·. : . - . .
2. /nie
.right ca~. be exer~ised~~Y tt),e nJpl,e_w's· or · \he' relat~oris.~ip ~s~~b-;is~~.d by_~~c,"pti.~n;i~}m[t~d:
: nieces: qf the decede~t i_f. ~h~,1r~ill PD_rJ~Ur~.wi!h i3~ . -solely to;th.e~dopter-~hd th~-:adopted ah_d does not,'.· .
. . !east on.::e.prott1er,o_r_~1st!;[Link]~!p.e ~.§lent;.·. ,- extend 10. t~e{reJat1v.~s. o!,th.~ .[Link]!ts· or of
_3: ![Link] n~phe~s and nieces ~e the onJy,~rvivo s t~e-~"doptF<-i(~fillg e~ept9l}IY a.~.-~xpre:ssly r:>toyiaed
· .. :-· . they_,shall- inherit irJ. t_heir own right;and not16~-- for. oy aw (Iept(co · v.:
[)el- Val,·. G.R. Na_. ..;L.'- 1-~75J;
· · .. righ,t 6! [Link] (Cl'{_IL C'Gl;)17,"Alt. '9:z2),_' lyfarch_26, '19.65).:: ·· ·_., . ?_ . . '· ~ ; - .- .. -' ..•.

: : f ..:~~~ [Link]\~ pos~i~!e- ..~nly..ii)'i~t~st~~·~C€~S-~iol1 . [Link]~~~tj~·~:p/~ep~~~Ei~~~!iv.i:! · ... >._.:·. · _-_/. . .

. · (JURAD_O, ;Sµcc·ess,qh, ·supra at .3~2-393)..A~.---- it~ a.:: ~hild~-r~riPu.cice_s .. or rElP\J~i"at~s: · his iriberitence ..
. : . . . ,· . -:.., . :. : .~ . wtiedhis fathei'"died; he·,may'still represE!nrtl'i1flatter,-
. . ~~te:· Fonigh/ot r~pri~entatiQ~,; to. attac' .. th~ 'hei.r' .· "when· s'ubseqi.i"eritly 'his g~apdfa_tt{er' ~i~s''(j_LJR'AOO,.
~fo bEHepresinte'd:-rnust be a c~mpulsory'heir (Id: at · Svc9essioh, supra:.3fJ.9-400}··· .;: · .. ,,·' '. <.: :. .. '.,..': :
394). . . ·- . : : . . .· .· . : . · .:. \ . · . .. -· . ~ : .

-~ .. ·. . .··;"·, ·.. · . · · .JJ, iy_is,~-~--P'}.i ~~pit~. v: .P iv.!~Io~ pe(~ti[p~~--,:. -.

C?se o.J : testa·menrary · ·. s1Jcc;:ession-, . the·
. . • . ., '.• . .• . ..... .. . . . ~ - . .· . ·, . •. !
In il .
represe:ntatlve acquires '-aU of the dgh'ts whjch · the
.. person" represented had wit0 resp'e·c~ le. his i~giti~e. The. 'estate · is: d·ivided The· sele · [Link]-
- . . ·. .· '-· . .
·;. •... _ .
. i_nt6 as:rn~ny'equal p~[Link]' '~r·., ·. ·.. ·'grqup; · :: . :cif. ·
However, ih intestate succession, the ·representative'. as th'er'e\fre . persons· to [Link]~ives ... '' . is .. ·
acquir!:)S '. a('. of th_~,. right~( Whi~h· . t_he p~rson 'succ"eed .•... ·. ; . . · .. : .
. ·- ...
co'LH1ted
. . .,, ·.··
"one~ head:· .. ·.
.
as
rep~~sented · )lad with,· re1,pect to his- entire ·legal. ...
•' -;.

· portion. . ' .. ·.·. . · .· . · . · . ·. . ..

1
. , • · (DE LEpN, Su_cqf}_ssion; supra at 494).: 0
• ·. -:.· /

"1n' 'both cases: th~ divislo'n of-the -~state ,sha[f be Stir-pe·s.·· •,._ . .·····._- -.·.,·.·,
m'ade per· -Stirpes ih. · ;iUCh ; [Link] . ltipt' _t~e .. T-he'series of relatives.y.,ho represent hl'.1e. [Link] ...
representative('s) shaii" not inherit more than tpe "the succession .. · .. :. .. .- . ' ...
person Who t~ey [Link] [Link] (Id. ·, '. .. ·.. . . . \ .. ,. .
"
. --, ...
. . . . . al395)'
.:.......
.·
-
Reasoos:, . . · · · ,. · . . . . . .
[Link] in Adoption 1. The p·!;)rsori repres·enting a relative· in the
_ General ·rule: Acfopted child · succeeds to:. the · .'. ··[Link]
- . ·.
-:--
steps _info·
. . th-e
_)..
place
.
of the~·person
. ,. . .·. . . .
property .cif the adopter in. the same manne.r as a'~ .
represe·i:it~d.
.'
· · ·. . · . · . .,_.. . .' .. .
legitimate child. .. . . .. . . ·' .

2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR. O,PERATION~

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SAN Bc~A l;AWCcN_TRIILIZW BA~ OPcR/IT/()NS - MEMORY AJO 2019·

'
2. It would be unj\.ist tothe persons who succeed . legal or intestate ., heirs .but are- ~ISO . primary
·in thelr own ·right should divislon per'capita·be .. .. · . cornpulsory heirs, even· when ..' ih~y cohcur ·. with .
adopted, . because . the .; number- of the ~- legitimate .·_childr.eri . and descendants . br·." with
representatives will directly affect the proportion leqitirnate parents and ascendants, . are· not only
that· the heirs · will receive in thelr own right · a·
entitled- to -their-;legitirhe,· [Link]- give·n share
. · _(JURi1.:oo,-__Succession, supr» at 395) -. :'.in the disposa?leJre'e pcrtiori '(Id.) ·:·. -;-,/ ..
. .. ~ . ... .. ~'
. ll_lustrati_o_n: x."is -_iii~ testator.' He has·?-·&", 13,, as his
legitimate children and q·as ..an illegitimate _shild. His
: net [Link] P80,090 .. : ·· ·· . · . ·· · . · · •.

' ~.
324 ,, 2019 SAN:BEDA LA.,WCENTRALIZED B~R"OPERATJONS·
. . .. , . . •. .... . .· . . . . .
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SAN BEDA LAW_(ENTRALIZEb aiR OPERATlqNs -·~F;MORY .AiD 2019 •
1w:wwM?wst~@a¥tt@ ,avx¥4R "™?'*?'*es & ,¢:irn1: 6:fW::&r:•s hi£2is: tutti ~irn · <,?&5# 1fW9,eNt ; , zg ¥am;sritm. w1.:2·~ei

1 LCD; ·First, satisfy the legiti~e. - · inc?p9ble,of succeeding- the decedent;such

· ss;·· I( ·· estate would be . ·. gr3=1ndchildren ar:id desce'ndants shall inherit
ICD · - - insufficient, . reduction by right of. · representation. (Jl:JRADO,
' must be made [Link]~g Successi(!n; s_upra at -'405-~06). ,-. ·
·: .. .- .. to '."th~-. rulis ·_ o"n~ legit,_rrie._
2 .. ,. Ascen~[Link] Direct L:.(h1:1 ·- _.
.\ :. The legitime of LCD-·and
. . -5'~. sha)! c;JIW.s3Y? )e fi~st
·.-: lii.defaulf9f legitimate children arid. descendants
. -!' -~ Qf the. ·deceased, .hfs [Link] and ascendants.
satisfied inprefereri'cfe·to
,.. . - shall inheri.t:froni'_him (Id. at .414).·.· . -
. _ -that'9f. the:1,90. ·',;~. : -: . ...
... -·.

. · ' - ·2-or mor~,q:::o_; ' -_ .. Bir,st;·satisfi/thelegitime: '· · ·. . . The. share-of ii,~ 'pai-~nts- ~r as~end~nts ~~~ be-
. SS; .- · · . In- case· of excess in·the . . . subject to reserva··troncal in cases where the
-- ICD. . .[Link], distribute. ·such requisites are ,.present.. . . . : . - . '.-
_e#ess th,e 'pr~por\ion f~ . !"°~ - ·:; ••. ,·•: ., • ' . • ••

-[Link] 1; Jn ·'?ccordance' with . ·_.. Rules;of,.Qiv\sion,--: -: .. ~- .;_,., ., ··. . ~·-.

·;- ! .
. : . '.
. the C:ci'ri'turrertci"
... ... _theory
.
.. )
·., a. ,·in. -~efa\1Wof. the· mother and father, the rule · _·
. . . 1z2;· :;_ ::_: i . . ... of proximity shall be'applied.·ln otherwords, .'
''--.SS;_ .. , •·
. .. .~fie ·.~sc,[Link] '.>n~ar?st .,in degree_ shall
' ,::. BS/NN .'. . . 1/2. ·. _ _
. J · · ' . · ·· inherit. , - ... ' , - ., . ,. 1 .
,: · · : ~ Right ,.of Repres~ntation
_:-. · . · ) . .' [Link]-:th~re: ~~ :more -than ·-;ne.' .equal ·
·· ·.. · · .appiies.. :· ": • · ·, · · · .
.. _ . .,. f ,. •\ - : _.,. ... •.· - ; : ... ~:. • ... - . [Link]·.belonging. to. ,the ·same 'line:. they
r .. " • •• • :> •• • • • .~.,"- \ •~,;,..• . ·>~• · . shall . divide" H{e inheritance per: capita
1., Descending .[Link] line - ., - .... , ...... · · _(:!.J)[iAQQ:successier:J, supra at'4.15) ..
. lr1cl~~~-s L~gi'tim'ate' ~~gitin;ia\ed 1cp,}nd (£?"> . :, ., . . ~ -->.> r: ··.. .- >,; ...:, ·~ . • ~:- ,,.. ·. '. :: ,; ·.
ad9pted chrldre.n (JURADO, [Link][I, supra ____ mustratiO!l:.,l{.desce~darit is_'survived on!~ by'A,
. -at.104).:: .. ~ _ _ . , :~ · :-. '- __ .- · · .--~ ·. · . ....... :{?te_rp~("fr.~ndfat~~r. ~~~c(s 'and, c. mateinal'
.·.,:.. . . , , [,• .·.,. ·> ., " • i·,:, .. . . gr,andpa e~~,c ~"._·Of., ttie. entire inheritance is:

+..
I , ._'i · . , , :

.. · ''.A!l·~P?.Rte_q icr
,i.
5!1il<;l'.s~cce~~-s th.e_.Prf p{[Link]~- . . ·. : . :·. gfven: t{j;~\hJl_e,~jie/{:>ttie'r.~~lf ·s_h~ll~be giyer:i to
. ·..· . -S a_1ricJ. J(.J_:·wlh.\.h,·th_e_/,.
· . , . :[Link] · p~rrep_ts .' 1p the- same [Link]." a
.: · ~ .. d~~[Link]!~5hil~.-.(~[Yi~~C6Qf, ?4r{.:979)_. _,._, ...: :
. .. . · ~-,, · - .~:- .lll~m,t_im te:G.l:'i~fl.1:
t: : _ .
~\:
s,:hall.~-~_v,d.. ~· P" ~a

:·· ... ·. .
. ·.. . .·Legitimate 'chlJd~e'ri tne. first· and. ~~con4 . ·[Link] · ;:!flegjifin:iate· 2fif1%~n.·~~-ciude _·~-9llat~r~ls, in th]s
. •... _- . ~arfiages _a~e :e~titlec\ J~ i,nher.i't',-~ _·[Link]"".i~>Y ~. ' : s~nse, tney,,are .. [Link]~rr~r-_to th.~ surv,y,_ng·spouse.
,- •. -; : mclude-·any?n.e of ~):iem· IJlclker1ife~Efx'tr,ajud(ciE:l .. _ ' . · (JU.~ApO, Succession; $Upra ?tA 1.6)·... - :·
1 •.s~tlement void-(fveri- v.· Heiis oY' ldy, G.R:..f./o.· , · · :,:. ' 'c:. -· '' ~. '' , • '.::-·· .. ' , • - . · ,;
_ ,.· .194366;-0ctober 1-0, 2012). · ··.- :-~ t · _
. · _t )_ ·'. _ .
. 'Rules''of_Division:r·
.->·, < :~-·-. , · ~: · ·. ,;-' :.:. -} · : ' ., _.
. ,r
-,_,.,: .'' f,. . . . :
, PrinciP,i~.:<~{'Ab,~.<?.i~'te':_~eP,a.~at'i~n,
~.~..:.....,_. .;.'.i,._tti~
.
. _-_.._·Fa~ily!,:
B,~twe.e~-
l;~gjtini'at~ '· F'~foily: ,and • tt,_e·'l_lle'gitimpte·
_?·.,· '';'/~~:·__ . ·. - .--_t .; .:: '. _: _ · ... :_·--:-
: _ if-th'e_ d~~_edEin_t 'is:~urv.!~·~·d· q_y_te~itilii_a,~~,Gl:l_il~re?.i;: . • .. :· ~I) :i11~~i_tin:ij3!e;p,bJI~, ~~:1. ~~
_rrgh\,IO :_in~~rit c!P
or d!:!scendants·,.-the-rules· a'n~- as follows:'_·: .. · ·' mtf!sl_ato. Jro_~- -t'1w leg1t1rn~.re _-,:c::hildren ·.and ·.
. . . a.< ;__lf)II '.of the
su~i~<;>rt are-leg_iti'rnai:e:·childre~."' -~; . rel~t!v~s -_of_. ~is,i~t~er, o.r ~oti}'~r;:.n~it~er · ~l:lal( .
.--. · _ . :_ -~·:!- · s;u,c~tt\i}~i:.~.jf:~b_a1.qi:,_~e.i:4:}_n.t~iiiY·?~tJJ:ighL ·. ·· such:legi\imate children or relqtiv~.s ii:ihecit:in ttie .
. .~ · · . - . C9J')_$.eql,.Jently, · the : rrihentance: ~hall': be ~. "< ~c11:r,e:tr;:-ai:,n~:r. :frdf)l, tffe ill~·giti_mat~, ~_hir'~~(cilftL:.:. - -
.-. .-, . divi_d1~){riJph'~ :\~/?~_P&r-:c~pit~
or,irfifquai -· - (!QDE, A_rt.. 992):: ·,: .. ,;. - . . · · .· · .
_ .-; .,shcfl'.,el's,. ~- '. _· < . ', . . '_ -:· : :>.. _ .... ~ ·· ·- ·. ,_. · · · · · : · · .-
_": _ - ~~,. J.:.~o_rn.{, ~C\~e ; ~\i'i;vJ:,,~rs :· ~:r~· _ie~i!l,rpate· . -.' _-· ~ri_0 i~[Link]~ati1e :.i~avi~r· exists. ~ep~r~ting- or .-
- . children .-and· the others· arer · iegitii'.nate .- : ~ivi_dfrig _t~e ·n:iem_l:iE:i°rs ~f legitiinate [Link] _frOni-- -
ciL
. ..
. · ·.. . -·. : [Link]~ndar:its other· ·legitim;:.at~ ·.ctiil~ieri ·
. · _ who-_di~d befori/the·deceaent: ihe [Link]
. . . . -·: tbose;pf lhe illegitfrna}e family-· . .
- · -. - · · :. , .. ·-~·-:·.<.::I.-· ._·' . - ( - . .-:. · _'·,· -. ·.
, '

-. \• .... : . ~h:a11Jnb_~_rit i_n·j~$ir:[Link]~1bt an'd H,e\i~ttet" ·Reason·:-: '[Link]~.- [Link] _. and .

. _ . -,.. · ~~a11 - rn~~riL ~y'_: right' ~(- [Link];ltior. · _inc(lmp;=:itibiJity,~-·: .betwe\')n - :members :. ·of. ttie. ·
. . Consequenlly;'. 'the':· (nh'eritai\ce. ·s1i'af1·· be . le~\~!rn~t'e }~rni!yj:1M ·. f~ose· qf tli"~ Ji_ileg)timate: · .
, qividEjd_~mong'_them·p~r-stirpes. _' :_:·· ., ·. __ ; · family (JU~ADO,.'Su~~ess[o,:,, ~upra at 419).: . ..:.. .
_ · c: __ -:1.f,'.:.<?.-11 . ':Of; ·th~., -~[Link] ·.: are : lf:Jgitimate- ' - ·. · ·- ·· · . · · .· \ ·
. · gr_an~ic~ilqr(;!n, ..,, such · gr~nd~hildren~-1 shall _' ., . . . S~ecession to tlie'esl'ate does ncii' go beyond the
.intl_~ri_t by riglit;of /epre~entatidn:.S),mjla~l{'rf . . .j:,a'r'ents by nature:. . ' .: · · ~~ - . ":: . ~ :· - ~
. some. :~f., the' . survivors: are -. legitimate -. . --.. ·,: . .- ; .. , . .
gr§lnC:lchildren. and Jhe others ar.e legitima_te: -.; When<ttie: law ~pe~ks' of'br~th~~s'·an·~ sister~
, cl;til_dren qr descendants of ot_her. legitimate·:. ·,, nephew~ and [Link], as· legal [Link]. of a~' .
. grandc~ildren who died. before or who. are" . "illegitimate child, it" r~fer~ tc,illegitimate "br'oth~rs

·,···.
 [Link]·ION:
SA{II BEDi?, LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS- MEMORYAID 2019
' . - ..
.. ·,. .
. '
and · sisters as. well : as · the child whether 5. Collateral Relatives -· . .· . .
legitimate: or· illegitimate- of. such ':'brothers· and They can only· refer to those. within the fifth
sisters . · · - · deqree (CIVIL C8DE; Art. 101.0). -; - : . -
o .. _:
In. defa~lt [Link] arid sisters, nephewsand Rule of Prpx(inity (C_!VIL CODE, Art. 962). · .
. nieces, the law. does not gq
any farther, other - Gener<!! Rufe: '{'/here two (2) or more collaterals
.. collateralsare' not auowedto lnheritby-lrttestate concur [n ·the succession, the nearest in degree
- . 'successon from -the-iHegitih:Jate child, the entire ·· . .
.sl:lall exclude
,. .
the more
.. remote one.
estate . shall.. pass. -to the state ·(jLJRADO,
Succession!, supra at 425). . ... · -,_ · -.' Exception: Right· of: Representation· in ·the.·
collateral llne is·r!3~qgnizea [Link] bnJy to
. ,_nephews andnieces. ·

·_:. '·!..- .

.,. J • -:

.;. :. ·.· -· .·
.e.'." Oo

·.·...
·'·'

' /·.

:·-·· . :. . -.,
..·· . :

. . ... -
_· 326_ ·I 2019 SAN BEDA LAW [Link]'[Link]-- .
 ·suCCESSION
, ' SAN BE-DA LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR OPERAT/ONS - MEMORY AID 20rQ

,..
Esclieat. Cardinal Principles of Intestate ~uccession
- A -prcceedlnq, unlike that of succession or 1. Even if there·fs· an order off ntestate succession;
assignment, whereby lhe state, by virtue .of its th~ ~~nipuls<?ry Heirs· (Cr!) are never ex~luded.
sovereignty, steps .in and. claims the real or 2. Right of Representation (RR) iri the collateral
personal-property of a person who dies intestate ·line occurs only in intestate [Link];·never in'·
leaving. no heir (Republic v, CA and Solano, G.R. testamentary su·cGession ·because. a yoluntary
No: 143483, January 31, 2002). · hei,r can,:1ot be represented. as·:provided in Art.
. .,... \..
. . . 856 (1). · . .
Requisites for. Escheat: (IP~No) 3. ·Ttie intestate shares ar~ either equal ,to or
·a,~ The decedent died intestate;· ~ ·· gr~at~r .!.han .t~e legilim~. · · · ·. · ,
b. ·J·ie .di~s seized of real and/or personal, 4. General' Rule: [Link] always inherit by
. property' located in the .!:hilippine_s; and RR, provided [Link] proper.
c. Ht=.l'. leaves no heiror person entitled to such
· Exceptio:n: Whenever all the children repudiate,
real and 'persona! 'property (JURADO,
th~ . grariochildren inherit in. tti~ir own.· right
Succession;' supra at 453-454). ·
because RR woula ·not· be proper.
\'
.,...
" .. -:· . ~ ...... .,
Purpose: In the· absence of a lawful 'owner, a
5. Nephews arid nieces ·[Link] either b·y RR or in
_, . their Own Right (OR). - ·. .
· property is 'claimedby the-state 'to forestallan
a: RR:'when they concur:[Link] aunts and uncles
. open . "invitatio~ 'to .. self-service by tbe 'tlrst .
· · (proyided that [Link] proper) .. ··: _
'comers" : ''(RCE!C vt Hi-Tri Oevelopment : ·
b. OR: when they do not concur with aunts and
. Corporation,
. ... G.R. No.
. 192413,
. July
'
13, 2012), uncles.. . . . . . .. .
ICD 9_f legitim~[Link] repres~nt b'eca!:lse. of .
Assignment of Property · . . the ·barrier, but both tbe. ICD and LCD of .
If personal property; it .is- the city or ·.municipa ity illegitimates1ca1J. -,.. . ·· . ·
/ ' where the deceased last resided in the· Philippines Tliere can .. be· .'re~erva . tronca/ in intestate
.. (0/VIL CODE, Arl.'101-3/ · ... . ·. • :c . ~ successicfn. · · · · · · .·· · · . · . ··
,·· .
· 8. · A · renou*Jcer can represent.. but cannot be
If' real prop~rty;.[Link]
.
the city
•
or municipalily
., _r:.
in
"
which
,,, ,. · (epresefatd tc1v1L coo{ Ait: '976). .. ·
the property is ~jt!-lc,1ted (CIVIC .CODEf/[Link]· .·,1itJ:'/';J). 9. : A per/ont0ho c'.:ann0t ·[Link]~ta ne'ar rel~tfve
. .. ·. ·c,a,n.n'qt [Link], re~,e~ent c\ r~lative fartlier,i~. degree_
Ex~~ph9n/lf. the de;e~sed./n'ever r~~ided . in~ th~ (3 PARA~;," [Link] 53·1-533). - ·
.: Ph~~[Link]. -:-;. respective cilie~[Link], rn..un/SiP?t!,ties.
where the real or personal properly is Joc2ted (Cl'v/L l.i:eggj,_or~J'nte's.tat_e. Succession 'v.
cqf!.~; 1;.rt. ~f13).·". · · · .. ·:c I _ - Comp4lsory· Succession : .
-. . .. . ~ . : -.· . : ·.

1Jliliirl~li!![Link]
., ,. ' . ·. ., ·, • . ' , f.. . I

Note: Suen estate shall be. for the benefit 'of public'
' : schools- and _ public' charitable institation? ani:1 1-·--1~
l:'
centers in such rnunieip·alities 'or, cltiesi The co\irt
.. sh~II dist(ibute/
. . ~
the. 'estate.a'
sv-
§ the.. respett1~~ee'ds·~f
"':· ,, • ' ,,-...,,,..,

each· 'beneficiary [Link] (CIVIL .coo~, Art.

· 1013):. ". /'.. . · . -.:' ' - ' . . .. . . . · ,. ... _ , ,.
.· ~ . . .. . ~' ...
~ .Th~ tour{ -~t
the irist~n·c~ of cir\.
intere~ted party, o~
[Link] own motion, ma/order tfie·estJblishment of a
-·
• . .., • / .. .• ' • r ,

permanent trust, S:9 tha] onlythe .iri'[Link]~. fromthe Suppl~t~ry fo. testate Tc1~~$! pla'ce~'-Yhrth,er.th_~·
... property shallbe usetj ([Link]'"'cqoE, Art: '1013). . ·.[Link] and takes .decea~ed has left a :will
. . . .. . - ,· . ' . .· . . ·. . . ~ .
place only··in default-of or not an'd is therefore
.. WheriJo Fil~ [Link] . . . , the latter . . •. . . . . . . superior_ .. to . .,and
A person who is. leqally entitled to the estate of the - :· · ·· . · -.: ': · 'frid,ep~nqe'nJ 1:' ·:· :: pf
. deceased ·may., ~i~~i!1 fiv~ ye_~~s f~om .. ~he date the·. . .~ . · .. ,·~- . . [Link]~rn'entary~~ce~[Link]' -
property was aelivered··to the State, ·me· a cl9iril for. • !!¥,. . . -
.:tj; ~ r ~-- '
··.the jposse~§ion of,t~_e· sarr:i"~.• o.r:.if sold, .th~: citr or' .....(ti;

9
, 1,. • • A'

municipa)ity shall. be):1ccount~ple to him for such part. 'Not ·af1 ·1e ai h~ir~·:~r'e· corrii:,u1~0& .. :·h-ei~~::·are -
. of ttie procee~'s ~s· rn~y [Link] qave.t?eeh .lawfully 9pent compulsory heirs in as - lega(tieirs :·:
. ([Link]=;~it. 1014) .. · . ·.
- . ·. . . ,. . the ~[Link] [Link] a.9.d : .. :': . . .
~istE:rs ~ho ar~ ~~~~I 5,~t .. ~ . . .
_ Within ·fiv·e. ye~rs from.' ihe ·date of t)le judgment ·not c.9mpul~ory h_ews. . . ·
: (R_UL~$ OF CD_URT,. Ruf~ 91-;,~ec: 4) .. (<:;[Link], Cornments:and:~ases on CJvil Law, p.
346 [hereinafter CAGU/OA, Civil law)).
. : .- . ·:

2019 SAN BEDA LAW CEN_TRALIZED B~ OPERATl6NS I 327

 :)[Link]:.:):)IUN
SAN BEDA LAWCENTR/[Link] BAR OPERATIONS~ MEMORY AID 2019

[Link] of IntestateShares in the Estate lllustration. .

of ari Adopted· - If arnonq the concurrtnq-Intestate heirs there a~e
compulsory heirs whose legal -·or intestate
portions exceed 'their. respective legitimes,:then
"the 'amount of· the testamentary disposition must bel
. .
LCD; ·. Orcffnary rules of ·.· .. deducted · frorrt tbe .disposable free portion to be
ICD; . [Link]~'i~te succ~sslon .. borne by all theintestate [Link] the proportions that
~s [Link] . they are entitled to receive from such disposable free
. portion as intestate heirs. . .. , 1 • • , , ·
[Link]; 1,/2; . "If the intestate share of a -cornpulsory heir is
Auuµle1 ·112 • equal to his legj~im~ .. then -the . amoilnt- of the
..
SS· _1/2;.
testamentary -disposition must be deducted· only
.·' . from .the .intestate. shares of· the others; in· the
Adopters ........... 1/~ .
-a• -
. proportions stated above. . .
·,co; .. · 1 /2· _ .· If tfie jestarnentary, dispositions- consume the
;: : '. '1i-2' · .·,
. Agopters · ·, · · . entire · d_ispo~able free portion, t~E;.n the. lntestate
~---------+-=--·'_·_·· ,. _ _,__ ___,.,-'---1 helrs whoare compulsory [Link] g~t·:qhly-th_eir

\~;
ICD·
. .
·SS;
- .} .. ' 11i" . .. · ., .. 1/3;:,
· legitime;and·those
. g~t n'othrng7 -~. · .
who are'not compulsory h_efrs will
. : ... .Ji- ..

Ad:;:;t::ne . iiJ iJ ,\;:-,. ~ ' .'. > ., . ' ' >;-

Ordinary/ ·trules· of. . --.PR.
v O~ISIONS
,.. ·, COMl\'IONt~O.·:
. -- . . ~

t· · . :
·. . •. - . ., I ' '. :. ,,./· ··.' • ·} -- -~.-' ..
• -r. ';· I<:.,:. . .
. , ·. _c~l~a~erc!l.'alo~_e - in·i~st~~e{'tfciti5'?~-~ . . ·.:31., ;" .: -~·I- 't~T: .)T,K ~NI?,:'!'_~~TA:TE:
{FAMILY CODE Art .. 190).
". ' ·. . t· -tr· : #~,
~, -:-- · · . ,JrI>)' , i1t .
··· · ~ ~ . "'SJJCGff~S;I-ON
,·_.. 1 .. ·
-->:.. -(·./
: . . , · ··. . . . . ,.. -. . . . .. ..· /·.("\~-· - ··.. ' . -. J. :

.,A~r;
< •
;-....,....... • • · .,a.. •I ":\::.' - • · •• •• ~ : ·• t
... · . ,, • . . . • . . ·I 4-.. -[Link].,Accretion, · · _; ., . .
--: ~ '.. . . . -' . · ~- "' . _ )'. · ·. •(( ;,° ;!11 (- "'';~"wt-l~'1 f,X,~ '(2)}6'raii:lre pe~soh's' ar.e cailed 'to the .
.·. . . ,J.\'.[Link]:O S ~c,q:~~<j>N i., ;".' ,,)' '": se"}~.[Link]~neel ~eyi~~· or. J~!i~cy;_Jh~, ~'.'"
·, <.· . . · _r~~~~~~-.r~-;-~-~1~5~~ ".-._ . :~~~~-~ : ~~;~~~~}°-
\'-Q} .,... "\0],\."\.-' · ,.,;-' ±~~~ t~sfatpr-, 1s,dd'?~ fr 1r,corpo_r~t~9:,~o . .t~?~ -~f.:~.1~
; ._. .. >_ ·.- : ·
~~~~~~;~'_;~-~~~~o~i-~~~s~~f.~~f1~~~ : '.-.. ~· .

~l:'~_d .s~~c~1s1?n- . .- . : . , ,X ... · · ... \~~J1~ l' _,;,. · ,,'..;,t. 2~~[Link],- c_o-d_e.y1sees; o_r'. coalegate~s·· (CIVIL.
~u~y-~~:~1.?n J~a~ 1~, e!,fec~e,d·. [Link]:bt::"111 -~p . · P,?'rtfy~ - 1. ·7,?cef!P,§j;~;; .1 Pt 5t :. ·. ..;,, .. : .· .. -;.., ·.- .. ·.:. ·, . : · .,.,
~Y-_Qp,~rat1i;)n·_.of.,1~"!··.(Pl'!!~·q_@pE,~f',_tfr Y,BOJ_., '.'.l-··-~z :.;).. rT · r,;:):J_;~~i.·.· - l:~, ·. · . ·. · : ~; : .:-: ·. "? · · ·. · .
I
\

·.--:~~1"'X ·\.; Er'c !. -r~R~[Link],of Rigf-Jt bf.'Ac;creti_bn:..(2V) .:_-.:

, ., , · lp~_o_the~.yv.~rdi, ~r!~e, ~~~[Link] :r!)~Js.e~.:~~[Link]°i~q'~"\~T.'!}':((2) Or,'.~Or'?;per~Q,Q~,ojq~f ~.'?~$,: fl~~n .
-~ ,.-' _.:.~. ·:·~-..--.;. :. ;,;~_. > • •• 1

. ,: ~ ·::.· ?ifefry_otS1liP,!:iJe.a-'i}f'~is';p(.oijertY,". ·t'1.~t~s~l~s,'W~~ ·M·-(\~\ i~an~~.\ tq _.n,_~;.[Link]\of:eri{~nsi1)~Q1~~. ~:

·: :'-.:· 1s: :_ J_n~~-~- ·, jis:,, .,~1xe.~'-: -~ufc~s:>19?. (lU/?fEP'.·· .u _.:,p,..~·~1~e,.. or. h t~e sam\;l pojt1~n there,~f. prC?
· ·-. :i,'· Suc;cess1on,.$UP(a _at 16),, _ -. -· . . .'. -~. mdry,so; anc:J: · _ . _. :th : . .H . ·l :1·, . .- : ,· _ ·....
~<:-~- . :. . ~
'fh;!J~i~~;qi\e~:~illrit~~t~'tiL~u~'b°es°lii6h·.:~f;°~i1
-. ,: . · . [Link]-Y-i:!spectto tl'.i'ose"'rfropertie;s 'riof dispo~ed
. ' . . . b Tb . .
:b:i :_. ;· . :- -':·. /\f!iflDird·e'~:;:!didil~-\y~;~illf~~:~.·
: ·· ·
tb .V

.·. ''{~c;i1f;g~jly. ·+ef?U1d~ji611, - ~·ci}J-fuirlllh)~b,t'~'o:f"',

"
. ··.
· ·
.! ::'<\,. .qf({cl:':.:a'f3°78l::":· ?l r:·_;-,:;. r-._--·,~t· tt. :'.· ,_ .... ,,.,_[.! ;, :'-: ! . ,·. .';s~tl¥n'[Link]°f(oc"'~o)t(o'rJneffi{cti~~
:\-···:·.··::: ·J'i ·
:'~··,· '.:'.

?{:= ,· ::t ., ··. · .. ,. 1·.:· .::·--.;-!;:: ,"t ,. ,:·;·.~

0
· · .· :_fesia'mihtkt{ dls~ositfSrih)/('d111t 'dSd°E; ·_.
:·;;,, · .R\]le~~'t·, ~· .;': . ·•:_r.-i::. 7 ~."-c.. :-:°"''., < . ·:···, ..- ... Art>-1019; JURADO, $_.ucce~sjo,i· ~ugra· ~t.,
: ·.-:,-~ , ,t.: 'T~e [Link].s --J>[Link] heirs ·shall_· be - . .. , .. __- 46":1). , · '' , ..• _.· .· _-; · .• : , \ -·, -.;: :·' ,.
1.

::,.~~/- '.~. ,~~P,J_ied_e·~~f_i.~.;rl)i><~1 s1:1t~e_ssi9n. Of]~_,V'<'.hO has:,:..:_ · .. i. '. . ; _'_\· ,,; ,-; [_: __ .-.:,:· ·:{',' ·\-~ ~:. ·..·, ·).( :~,~·-. ·
~}':'·} · · ':-:--.~?~~~)?C!{Y h~,i~s-__r~·J~y ,.ct.1~:~~~- :pJj·ij1~ )ff.W? · -.- · .'. ·., -~~q~ip.1!e·s o({'rt: ,10_16,J{~---~ J~tfi./n_'<:fi~i~_9):
: . . · \· proy1f!~d-ti~ d9_e_s_n0f~ontrave_r.ie tti~:pr~.y1_s1,(?l1S . · ·- . (UPA)_- . . . .: .. . . . . .... ,,_ _. .. . . .
.1 :·i, otJt!~;c;o_?(~iJ9, r~~-4r(J,?~~~~)~pit(m~i;ptsf~d . _ ,.· : :; .:'.~:~ )Itjt!Y,__in).~f~qRj~~tt'.'.::t.?:~;Js(:f~in1!~Jni6g :-~ \ :.- ·
· ' heirs· ( CIVIL;· CQO_E, ~,:t: .B.~?. pf!r. ·:2), ,· ,.-_-_. . . · · . -. W~~t~[Link] 1t, be __ an m.~.Em.t1mg!3.'._~ per.t1,on of.~n.. . · .
. . . · .. , ·-:-· :.'. · ; _:· ... . _- ' •· ·~ -~-:. • · .. __': I .iflJie(it~'fice;\Or~a ~p.f,?cificJ_l;lihtf;,~-, ,,.;,°,:.: ·- .:._.: · -.
- ·. 2. rn·ca·s.~the [Link]"'re9uce~Jt1e·:. . . ' · b. Plurality in· the ·-s\j'ofect· 'matter;. tti?t is,., :.
~- legitime; th~ reduction'sR~ii'~E;t;,§r'n~'pfo"."(i#a;~y . . . .~e~(;)ral p~r2o_ns, tiel.r~ or lega_fe.es cal]ed to · .. ·. :
·all intestate heirs. frorri"."t~eir "[Link] ·-'in' 't_tie. th~(sjr:igle'.tnirig; ahcl_'''.. :: · '.· .. ·.· -
' . dispo~abl~ portio~ oqfr\e~~tfro'~-.the' legitimes c. ~b·s~nce=o'.f}ny ~-e.E;ignation }is_tci-ttie shate: \
(3. PARAS;· suprf! €If 479): ' ·· . . Qf e~ch in tbe,thing (f:?AGUl(?A. ,(;[Link],
• : . SUPTf! at-413). - . . . · ···~

. ' ; .
'·i ..
328 ·j 2019 SAN BEDA LA.W CENTR.C>;l.:.IZED BAR:OPERATION~.
. ·~ . . .
 . SU,CCE8$1()N·
. . SAN BEDA·LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY AID 2019 . •
W#iS~?t#?k'·:t, ;¥.*~~,::e# #Wld?;li:ityi, ,/$$ "t4WH6i./iiknn: 3!AHti~!A!#f MWt:! ;wx:&it: '¥*>.. ·~r:@i#&~P ..kfih:'N~'f!i!?A*I/~' ~. ~
How to [Link] Accretio~:- b. Intestate SlcJCCession
a,' Byexpressly deslqnatinq a substitute; and. i. : In case of predecease, there is
· b.'. By· expressly' providing - that. although . representation- it', there .children or :are-
- '. . .... ac'cretion. may take place,. decedent does . descendants-jt none, the [Link] .
.. not want accretion to ·occur (3. PARMt -·. [Link] own right. . ·_, · · .. · , :· ·
~ : :_·.· .s-·upra a{ 537). . ii. In . case of: i(lc·[Link], results are the
.i 1 ~,
· sal"[)e as in predecease; . ., ·
# • ' \--

_Not~.~· . Accr?ti911-. i_s lrigbt .(.CIVIL ·COD~, Art.

0
iii. 'fr'! case of-repudlation, thete;j5 always
1015),.Ji.o.t accretion (JUR~DO, -Succeesion, supra·
. , . . .. ·an ..
dbligation;-',arid
. -·. -.·.· .. · .; ma_y
·,. . ....therefore
· · be
I . ,.. at:-410): , _ ..· . .--- . ·.. , . -·i--.· · ·
accepted o'r'repudi~te9 [Link] erititled.'This 1s
·- -; . ~,·-~ ;
true iri'-bo~h testate· ~fld leg~i suc;:cession '(Yriza -
Note.:-Whether the suc2e·ssicih ·. is testamentary·
Y,!;Roqr)gue_z,-et ai:, ·G~R. No. L-6395; June 30,
or intestate. if. th~· r_ight ..of-accretlon ta)<~ place, .
. ' 195_4).c.· ·.·' i. \" ..... - .: - -~
. theheirs to whom t_~e vacant share or-portion is' .. ·.

. , E:ffec~s ·of
Predecease, Incapacity, .
· · , ,assigned~shall''divide' iFin tile sarne portion-that .
. ---·-~-[Link](/d.-.aL468J:"°' · : -·: ''. . ~ - ., .. ,. --
, ·· '-.Disinh~ritance,,c;>(Repudi~tion inboth . _.. ' . . . !·_·.:;·~ .. ,l" .• ::.~:-~~~· .,·.··.· ..... :.~· •• _

r T~§tam~ritar.y:'a-ni;J 'i'~testate·$uccession ·. lr:r te_st?me·r}t~ry. _s.ucc;:e:5si9ri~ Where the·_sh;:ire-'

legend':_·.,::'.·., ...... ': :. <· ..r: 'r:. "_._,_. s.l t-:
renderea-vac·anCis.·[Link]·re ·of [Link] :
.[Link]·~·Righ't'o(Re~res.~nt~tion <;: ·-
,- . '.. he_irs-; -O~ly:t~?t P~Wof _th.e;shar~. which is taken
·-- ~ ~ Rl~t1t. of A9.~r~t.(or£:·.~ ; '. ·:· ·'· ;- t: .,' ..: , · [Link] dispo·sable"f[e.e·porfion st,all pass to the
IS ·-·Intestate Succession .. · ,,- .. -cci~heirs·by\igh}'to-a_ccretion.; _·, ·-
' . i- ~ ': ·-:..:. . .. _.,,..... ...
~ · ~;,.· ~~:!.
suhsiitutioil°>·. ' ·, .. ·
,. . ··; ... ~· :<;,~."7·,;. ... ,<,; ;",
.:·:· . \ .. ·
,.. i'n . intestat~·
... . ."'•

su'dcession,'the entire
;
share.-whi°ch. .is
;. .....

( . t . . . . ,· . ~
-:4 ren_de~ed vac~mt. st:rall [Link].s tq_ the co:heir~ by 1._
· ... -. ' right of accr.'etiori (JURADO;:S/Jccession, ·supra . -
.,. .2:' a't 468-469) ' . ,
0
'. '.. -_.:. I . . • : , ;.. •

- • ·: .i~~_pttJt~~·u~~ied.;:/wi,i~o·r,!~t~s·t~cY, ;· '
· .. ,.,.~' 'R !;!_qy1_s1,es:1
- <. "t ~ '(~E.. -_N
o_~. t'./1D) i.,: ' .,_·,·.-,:-.
. . . __. . . •
:_, _ -a::JThe: ~ei( i~ga_tee~dev,ise.~ must __ b.e· .!:iving. 9r
. ; . · ··, · . 11'1 gx1s encyrt.:the)nor:n~n,~· the s~c~~ss1?n
· • ·_0open.$I.~<;!8d · ·.... ·:·'•. .· .. ; . .- ,· .1 ·
··;. b ... ti.~ .. r\'lust~·:Cnot .. -:·b~-: !nt9pacitate'd,- or·
:, · ··- ·., Qisqualifiec(by·.1$wao_,[Link]'ed .(Id~ .at 481}:-,:·
. . . ~ ·~:. :·- -\. ~-. :·i:~ ;. . ~::._"':· . ._· . · .. · -~·. ·. : . '
~· .. , K:inds~of.
'f-"-=-"--'-'-'+-+---'--'--,--,----=-+"-:f'----'"-~~ _...,.....,......,._ ... Incapacity- to-~ucc_eed:·. . _.,._. · ......
.1.71~:: ~·... -.1, A ·., . a._. :·.Abs,9C,u~Ef_· i'[Link],a,cit~~ ... -incapa,e:itated . t6 ..
·: · ,-·:),);<t:,: :;'.·;:.>-:_·::.-(·: ).,i:,;;: __ ... : ; . ,'. . -\
-~~u~1i:~t:i~:nJ~;~\~t- the. t]rn_e· ~f'.deajh,',--
. ·_,_. ~umrii_a'!iY·.Of'l!i':?)~.ff~ct~_':·-·.-. :·. ·. ·. . . . . . :- .. _\.' : _- . _,:~x~~PL ·.: . . . .· · . : .,· )_~. :< . :_.: .'·_.- '
a .. J:~stam_eijt~!Y [Link] . , ., .. '°" .. ("' : . , ··.,· ,_., · -:1'.) '[Link]:ientary·di$P,O~itio~·1(') favor. of .
... .:. _/'~L:.egltim~-' >·:;"& _.,,_ ~.,...:' .. . J'--":' - ~-- /: ··.: • ::.c,~~s~o9r~n.10.n,~.'!_or relfg1o~s·,.sc1entifiS"· -
... . ;'. .. .'·: 1,:) ,Jojc;.as&:<[Link]:ired~c~_ase of ari ·heir,· . '. .. · · · . · · ·. , cultural; 'educational, or' charitable··
... , :;-· · .. )h~re W r.~p_r~s'.~~t<i1!ion if th_ere-_are_ . . ·. / --: :·· P.![Link]~e_t(q/Vll- CpoE, A_rt.'1.Q26).·. -
··'.,, ...,'·\:children or,,qescen·dant's;. if-._none, ...,· ' .. , . ;- "' "2:)?-re.sta1u'E~)'ltar.y'disposition i.n fav_orof'
• \ .:: :· .·. _< .. , ... t_he othEirs ·ihherit'iri th-~ir.'own right: . . ._ · :·:a ·cHcirch.:dr-denomiriation ·to .which · ·
· . · · ;_.,._.: .2:f fri\:ase of·iric:apadty,. [Link] the -'the 'test~to'r may ·belorjg'.'fo'r'pray~rs .
:. : . . -- ' ' .. ""same 'as ·i~'[Link]~. . .. '• ,., ' . - ": . ·, ' ..... · Qr·iR1o:.~.s.. w9rks··(C/YIL CODE,'..Aft .. :
.·'· : .... · ·. ·3_)<'111 'case·o{di,sinhenfa1;1ce, re'sult$ are ; . . 1 ... - • ·: -~- •• =---1q2'9);.. ·. ,.' · .'. - :· . . . . . :: ''."' ·.,
_ " .. - . . . · . : tt\li sarrj'e "as in predecease. , , , : . . ·.. . _.. ·. ·3) ·.T ~:~t~:r:rfe_r;i_fary_dlsposition in favqr o( .
. .. . _. .. · .. -.. · .· 4·_f.ln case ofl:[Link] by an h:<;ir, the · :_: · - · . > · ·:. thif rjbo('i~ :·'g-~'l')e'r~l--([Link] -CODE;,
. ·. . . : ot.t;(er~.inh~rit.)n· thei[.'owri right. . · ·- · · ,·. Art·:fo30f ·. · · ,, - .
· .. · il, :._ bifpo:s~bli frefp_ql:tion : .· . ·. .· .'·' · .... '4,(\,yher(_if:f~~~hild' although . yet not
·. , . . :·.Accretfon ·ta)~e:s:p:lac~~when requisites io . .~:.·.)orn_)~;.}J(~~cly .~on?[Link]·. af:.the
. ,.. '' ....... t1rne- ..9t t~e _dec3.tb of. t~e._de.cedent
(.
... '.·: :·· :A°rC :1016, Civii',[Link]'are_.[Link];'if not,
• · ._.. _'_·_· ... jl:)e .. oth_e_rs_ -in_heri.U.n.· t~.-'eir.:g_wn right · ~:'. · and· . it -:is.· bbrn .. later under. the'
. · ·.·:. > cond1t1Pr1s:.; ri~scribed in ttie .. ci~i1 ·
•... ·
.... .c_9d/ 4j :: {rt - ·

\,
• ~ f .
....
 SAN BEOA LAW CENTRALIZED-BAR [Link] -· [Link] 2019

ii. Those who .cannot be [Link] ... him to [Link] wili and yet he
unc~rtajn · persons·-.- (Persona . lncierta) . did- not do so; thesame shall be
'I' (GIVI{ CODE,-Art.- 845). · . . ··. . considered as valid (CAG!JIOA,
iii. Those who are .noLpermitted .. by law to . . Civif_{aw, supra at 424). .
. inhE?rit- (CIVICCODE, Art." 1027, PW· C, · ·
No. _6). . 2 .. · -B~latives'. of
such pri~st_or minister of · ·
the gospE;JI withinthe 4th ·degree,.-_ the ·
b. ReJative Incapacity- b.y. reason of special church, order, chapter, community,
.relation. . , . . .· orqanizatlon o~ instftufi~'n_ to which'sucp . - :· ...
i. Based on Undue_ Influence or · priest or ministerrrnay belong (CIVIL ·
lnterest: (PR-GAP}' CObE, Art.' 102,(,' p_ar.).J: .-\ ..
· . , 1. [Link] who heard the confession
. ·•· : the testator during [Link] illness, or
at ·
. -The" law arnonq the
· -
does not include
, · .: -the .: minister· of · the qospel who. persons ...[Link] of-the
·. · .extepdedspiritualiald to· him _during · . priest or minister.' · (JURADO,
. the, same- period· (CiVIL CODE ;t'rt.. -Su_ccession;c,supra·atAB5): : .
f 021,.1?ar. ·.1 J. : :· · . . . · · · ..;· .- 3·_.:,·'Guardi~n:;_i1;~.\e1;p:~ct :t~~:te~ta~·entary ..·
. /· _ ··';:. · ., · - ·,: -· · -.. .. · . · .... · di~po;itio_n·s. ·given. b_y award 'fn'·l)js·f~v_9r. ·
Requisite:>·. (EDI) . ·.·· · .. .before· ttye '. f!rc1I .,[Link]~ .. -of · the
a.. The \IV_III m!ust h~ve ~ ..en~-· . . . guaraian?hiP, 'have' .'·tieen· 'aporcved, .·
~xe_cuted,dunng thej,9st~iQ_n_~ss u;..k r.: · - even if t~e.t~~i~i~(s~6-u1a dJ~)3!ter_the
arid .a~~r .. .: t.~*;.<?n_fy,s~pn ,· -1 V / -t. )pJ?roval -thereof; nev_erjhelesi,, _any
. bee~us_~- 1f It ,,._~re~e1~~y,e, : I __ . - ::VPr~~~i?.n -~ade [Link] ~~"rd'in_.-!fvoi·?f .
. -.: _re~so~ _f?rz, ~~c:1f'1t! does .s. :· . -~~~ar1;h<;11) __..:~h~~- :lb.~.-; l,atter_ .I~' ~-1$
.¥1: "'~ ,- . _
,n, ..

Hf !~~ :A · ~ --. ·:~ . ·. .

·.· · ,-n~~.e~i~t... -;_'!!,~ ~-scejpa~_t;..,9.~s,ce~?-a~h- ~r9.t~e~ •. sts!~r. ,
· b. ;--!hat.~~he j e~~[Link],,'?-1ep orYs'°P,<?~se:shall. b'~.. vaJ1d ·'(<;;!VIL CODE;.·
. 1l_lness. ~h~r~l'lEl· Cjnfess1cn, //·~ · .. · ··:-'A}t:"'i.t,02li~iiar
. .-3): ·-· ,.,, . · ·· .. " ·- · ...
. W~S _maa~.:'en _th,oug~- ~here ~~~ 'i . ~ . ',. ·. ·!,v '.Y : . · ·..... : ' . ·_. _. ,· . ''.
sh~u-!d ~ tt{.!~si an·
. be~eepJn~J~nfesslo~ a~o\tJ.,r'
I _m~D'~L:_ ·r1ti:fG.~,-;,.-1~ :. -::
-l: · · . 'Nol\~riplic.\ble _;if- the._ .. 9l}._ar_d}ai;). J_s ,,.~_n ,·. ·
arc~ndan11, cle_sc~.rid~nt;. bro1n_~r:;·--.~~t~r.·. ·_.
-gea!h or .ia~~~tn~ ~?i:
d_~ .. r(!,Cee~ffi:l..illi!ft~· or·_."spb:i.s4,or t_~e t~sta!or._'. (1U@_f)0,_:
, ·. frail? ~r-i·a~'cf en_t. !)Aqf.1: m_gY, ~r ;;,.~-- :.~. , ~Sucees§ion ·suw_a _at_4.8-?.f· ~:: ·: '-i~ -_. ·.... ·
· . ·· . . . rnaY.-~not( gr9c~e~- \fro sa1! . J :if"~- .. - . J_~- ·. · _. .· _---_. .: . : , ·.; . _ ,_. .
, · .·· ·. _,. ~ · · -· .c. -~l~::·i~~~;:p0s_i_ti~~-.. !~r1~( ~~ff!,"~~·'· -:l'1J~~fi->.! ai .~;.~,t.~-t~~'.·_~_Y.;!.t1e)~r.i
, . . "· , sh_oul_~ :be'!~-~\/?!'-©~ ~.a.i~'JD~'x~_t .. · · · ·: · ' .· . . In [Link]:of th~~g~ar.~_1a1:\~.~~. ·: .. -_. _:' .
. . '. ·~:-·rr1~1ster:~~1s re!atrv.e}NJ!~-tTfEN11~ · ·.b .. -11:,~,a~ ,exe~u~d -,,bef~r.~--.t~lil·:·~ria_l-
.:.. .. .- .. . _, · ttre fol!rth. -(4.~):·.d~g,Ce~ or..:li~.~ . · ·. t>....._ · accounts;o_f_.the .g1,1at,dJf!n,sh_1p -~?V,E: .
-.. ch_uJCh.' °(CJ;'oGVJ0AfQi:l(J/1w,.. .. -~"\~\, ~ be~rira·p.~~royed; ~-~e.o·ifilie test'a'tqr
. .~ ~ - ~: ·.
.. '·
.. ,~upr:a at 435).,_ .. · __
, ~- · . ·. _, .. ',:.
·
,. . . . ·
'j_ ·. _·
· .
.MA\""\.. _ . . ·
~h_ouJd._cl)f~~e~,!lie_,~RP.r~y.a1 -~hE:Je~f·_
([Link]',$, sup[?-at_ 573)._.
...
. · ·, .. ,,.. .
.... _- ;.~ .. The-,bas1s of, drsquahfication ,1 -;; ,., :c:;,; .· ·. · ·. ·. · ·· . : · ·. ·;;- >-:· · · ..: . ··"' ·
:.t~e:. . ,'.\,>·· . . . . . ; :: . ' . . .'
__ ), : .,.
·, ,· ' ·J.h(.:.p(e.~i.i~pt[qr, --tha(.af ·c~a-~~~~ifistic~~-- ~\
' • .. th~ElS_hold: of;_"de~th" the- _te~~ator .. . ·. .;· . a. :"Pos?ible;Rnly in,t!,'!~tameritaw . . . . .
__. , . be.corri_})"_s ~r.i.:~asy_ prey!'fo··.the:' ·_. · ... · < ·· ·: . · • ::-succ~~sfo·n;' ':;' :-- ·-;_ _, ... ,. ,, · · · .... -
: .. . ....>i : ..:.: ' : ...). - -.-. - :,,.-~chi~ing"::.
·:.- ••..... >-
. ..
.,_... priesf_ ·to~ -_~ihi~t~r>: P: .. Rel~t-~y:r
_
•••
. : .•'
• •• <.
' . \· . :, i_f') chatac~er~_and. :· .. ' ' . ' - ...
• I '·.~~·
.(~[Link],,·. [Link]~$[Link],. sµpra_ ' · · · · • · . c. :.: .F?~~ra\;_,.m:tbe,.s_em;~ tha_t 1,f, theJ1e1r ,_ .. ·
. •.. . . . .. a_t 48_4)·.. ·. ..,· .. -.... · !': :11.(h.5> :.is in~c1p~dtr1tec(dr disqualified·
,•· ..
0
'
A~cci;di~g;:_t9:,$ancbe?:·'Romar.i·,~- . . · / ·., · ·is ?'.~[Link]~OfY:'h_eir,'oi")ly 'the free
I.',
. : ..- ·, -_;~ :· ~- , . .-· _.-._ p9~_ie_ri '~,i-~ef1}i:>;:~!f![Link]·~ffec_t'ed;,but ....
1 -· • '1 . . sh·91,1_l,9)1:lf t~~[Link] recover from · : ' ·. · i ~ .· :- not; . . hts·· -Jeg1~1rrre.. :(JURADO, ·._
... . . . , . ' . h_is ·last· ill_heS:$ · <?n.d dqes n·ot __ u_Pf?.;a(4_£13-4\8,4.
.. · .. _: ... ·.:$,uc;;_c;,(i),s.::fiqn;._s ):·-: · . _..,
· · .'r9\,6ke·:~: the:;·~'~.diSpositiQri, ·· ·. fhe ·. · 1
··,. ••• • ..

:. "dii,p6~tici.f) is -·still·. invaljd. ~The · -:" · . - .. ::_. ·:, .· · ·.Ni?:te':. :rh~·-i~~~p~-~it;~ .~f. f~e gy~rafan;'
... '•,
·) · orl/,yva~pp n;iiike- it valiq· is. tO': · .- _ . : _: . · ,.5:?n~t e~istr pri9r ·tb~tl:ijh~riditio'r1.;of final··_
, ~~PrRR~c~, :-- the ·: inyalid_.,. , · . · ·. · ... ·-: accoun~s·a_nd'ifieappro_'\fal:there·of?ihc$-'
. :dispo'~jtiqn ttj . a ' l')E:!W Will.. . . '. · .· ) ·. "ttie Jaw '[Link] :to··preverit the guardian
., ~[Link] vie!"is, ,h9weyer,'state:- . : ·--· : ·. · fr9rir-~ipfring_to itie'inhei'if~ince [Link]
"that' ...if- . the_. testator . fl-,lJly . _up . ~ny' ·_mi_sman_agement quring·. his- ...
[Link]·'from his last'illness·. g·uardianstiip;_ .-_. ·: Th~reft>rE?, · ·the ....
and there"is sufficiein(tl~e for·. · d~termining factor is the final approval
,' ...
. • • • !,_,

....... ·.-

·.330 2019" SAN BEDA LAW [Link] BAR OPERATIONS

 SUCCESSION
SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY AID 2019.

.of the final accounts. If there is such and ascendants, by reason of his
approval, the . ·guardian is · ·not public· office ·([Link] CODE, Art.
incapacitated but if there is no 'such 739) ..
approval; the guardian· is incapacitated
(CA_GUOIA; ~iyi/ Law, sup(a at 425r Charactertstlcs:
. '·, . 1 _)'-·P.o$sible · 'only . in testamentary_
·. ·. 4. 8tt~sti~g witness Jo the execution of · succession; ··
a ~-Y.!_11, the spouse, parents- -...or 2·.) Relative in charact~r; and
children, or .a_ny 'one clt,i_im'i~g 'und~r 3.) ·p~[Link], in [Link] that if the heir
such witness, spouse, .parents, or whq.'is in~apacitated or disqualified
-childrerr (CIVIL, CODE; Art. ·1021, · is a compulsory heir, only the_ free
,. . : ....
.. · par.·4): : . '[Link] gfven to him is affected, bu't
•
.
J
. ~-· not- : ·his le_gitim·e ·. (JURADO,
. ·such .disql)alification 96es 'not apply Succession, supra at 184).
"'··"if there ·~re :fhree other competent
witness'.'. _to the exesutiori 9f 1he will . iii.·. Based- on Acts of Unworthiness
'I,: •r•,, (CIVIL CODE, Art.·.823). '·. - '.-. · . . (A4F3f>) .....
. . -/' . : . . : . ··.•.. ·, :.
. :· .. 1.)
Parents who ·h~ve:8bandoned their
5. : fhysic;(an, [Link], nurse, 'health ··
- children or induced their daughters
· - offi~et. o.r·.[Link] who took:·car~ -of· -
'to lead .a corrupt or immoral ,life; or
. . . . _.the testator during.; his last ''illness .. ·. .
[Link] their virtue; . .
· (CIVIL CODE, ·Art. 1027, par. 5). · 2.)
Any [Link] been convicted ·
of a·n,8lf(;lmpt against the life of the
testator, ·.' his/her spouse,
-'descendants or ascendants: . .
··, 3.) Ariy ;person who, has 8ccused the
.··:' · -testator of a crime for which the law
prescribes imprisonment for 6 years
or more, if the accusation has been
. 'found groundless; . . .-· ' . _ .:
: ....
· '4.) 'Any heir of. full· age who, having ·
_..._.--·Rrroii{ledge otthe violent death of .
--~-the tesjator, should 'fail. to report it
. : to 'an, officer "bf the law. withiri a ·
'rnonth, u'nless· the authorities have . '
The:_ following . don~ti~ns ai;e,VOID: : . already taken action; this prohibition
· (ACP)· ·. ". · . · . ,.·__ ..,_ -.-.;''.shall notapply to: cases .whereln,
· 1.) Those made in favor of a-·per~on ·. · -· according to law, there is. no
. . '· ,. :·, .. .. . w,~t~ ~[Link], the test~tpr. q{ _ ~~W!\Y · -r- · • ·•. , obliqation to make an accusation; .
, . : ·. ·Adultery:or concubinage aflhe time . . . .. . · ·-., ··
... .. _of . the 0,· making '.- of ·t_he-:. -will - .. '' ·.· . Deaths. '. occasioned . by . crime.'
. .... .. ~ . . _ (N~p_6inµ[Link]· v. 'CA,' G.R: No.. L'-. (vlclentdeaths) are prosecuted de .
.. -6.295~, October 9; '1985;-Joaquinp · : · oficio..'..or.:..:. at-· :the- instance of -the .
' .'
.J.-Reyes, GR No, 154645, Jufy·13; · - ·,· government, a·nd--thus no one· is .
. 2004); ·· . :<::- _; . ·: _.. · · ·_, , ·,· · requirE;)d to make· .. ~ny accus·atiori (3_ ·
TOLENTINO; sup'ra_at }521).·· ;
· ·Note:. Prevfous. criminal ~on-~icliori · ·, .. !,,· .. '·.:,

is NOT ·necessary,:· .(Jl:JRADO, In this~·- juri~dic:tlon:· the~e ·· ,ii. n9· .

Succession; supra ~t 487). ' '-. _ obligati9h- imposed by· the' law to .
' ' . ~. ·.-' . rhak~.'an. _acc'usatior, in ):;uch .cases .
2.·). Ttiose m·;d~ in. cons[d~rtt,d~· ~f -a . (JURADO, Sucdession; -supra at
Crime of which
r-- '
botn the
; .
testatbr'and
·.· ·~
the benefici?ry have be~n ~ounq . · · . ·
.
, ... ... i~'·: . -~ .
.. . .
·4921 •.... ·.
.... _ .... , .. . _,. •

g·uilty_;·and. _ · · · ·..
. · .. "
· · -: ·· .· . 5.J An·y pers?~ sonvir;ted:of ~d~1t_ery.or
·c·oncubir:iage-with the spouse·of the
_ Note: Previous criminal ~on\,(iction testato~; · ·
... ~ ...
: is:necessqry (!i:J.).
.:. . . \' . ' The :·Spous~ is n9t . included. The ·
. 3.): Those. made in· favor of ·a Public only time the guilty spouse shall not
officer or h}s spouse." descendants . inherit is when the offended spouse

2019 SAN1BEDA LAW C!:NTRA~IZED BAR OPERATIONS I ~31

 SUCCESS·ION
. . SAN BEDA LAW [Link] OPERATIQNS - M~MORY AID 2019 •
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.. ~.
Executive clemency, or pardon by the President
.does not erase the unworthiness or incapacity of
the heir· ·(3 TOLENTINO, supra : at 531; 5
Valverde 450; 2 :Camus 124),° · . ·· ·'

Express v . lmplled [Link] .

•I.,~.
. ·.: ..

f\1~.tj~ b¥ · the execution Effected -when testator

of a document or" any makes a Will instit!,Jting
writing· in . whlch, · the ihe, unwo'rthy ,. heir' 1with
.decedent condones the knowledqe of the 'cause
cause·o{. ~-·
incapacity.
. :-. ......
:
'
-of
. . iricapaclty.
. ~ ,. . ·

·\.. _:
i ..

-,

· ...

. . ··.-
_ -. <
'
•• • v, ,. ....- ...

C, ,
332 1·
'.
201s sj,.N. ·sEo.A. LAW cEN:rRA1-1zEo _sAR.oPERA:T,oNs
I
 SAN BEDA LAW-CENTRALIZED
.. . BAR'OPERATIONS
succession .
. - -. ME"MORY
. Aio. 2019

Remegi'es Against Qisqi.)alifie"d [Link] .

ln'-case [Link] he'ir, devisee or legatee .
. . has· alrea_dy)aken pos~e~siorr o(the proper\y;
. . . . iccbsation. i,'as beeri the,remedy is::an [Link] fs,r-:. ' .
fo·u'r1d grOLfndless
. ,..~; ·a . .Declaration of incapa~ity; .
3. Par. (5) -'Any person b.··.: [Link] 'of .. ihe [Link]·, devise or
convicted of· adultery - . · lega'c{(CiVfl.,,CODEi Ait. 1040);~. .
and . [Link] ' I . '\~ .,',-. c. Tbe·disgualifi!:)d, heir sha'li be considered as.
: .. with the s"r,ouse of the ··.i.. . :pos_sessp('i~ .bad faith; hence, he is obliged
!~stator; ·' . : · to-. r~turn.· !He.· h~reditary . p~operty together.
_ [Link]~r. ,':'rt·. 1032 of '.the Necessary -io. wait'"JorJ. with its accessions; and - . .
.Civil: Gode: :. . month: ~ :< . · · ·d'. Being .in ·ba~· faJth· the·d_isq'ualified. heir- shall
'.c!lways. b!:! lic!ble for:damages_(3PAR~S ..
·.... ' ·saprq atf}74): ·· ·
Par. (4). A~y-~eit of full :· '-•
. ....
. -.. ~.... }).. . . ·~ .
,•

. ag' e 'I. .. ··who. , '• ;:.' :-' having .··.~~... .

..
3: -Acceptanceand Repudlatiorr'of-lnheritance
knowledge of the violen't . ,..
Acceptance.'. . ·" / - ." :.,.:. · ... ·.- ' - .
~\

[Link]- .··of_ ·the: te?tatot,' 1 .. - -/ ..',

should 'raj( fo r~pprt· if fo · . . .. . The' act· by virtue. of which an hei_r-,... legatee or
t. .
a"ri offic~rr .
o'f. ' the ·iaw ·, .. . · ....
~-:_. \
;
devisee manifests ·his ;de'sirecin· accordance with.
.. , . ,\ =the f~rmaliti~~;( prescrlbedby-lawto succeed to .
iNithili · a)rio_hth.' · ..
~ I I ~-- '.

·. . . the. inhe'ritan·c.e,· legacy;.or, ·de'vise, (JURADO,.,_

':'$uc~ession;·lupra ~t,501) ... · ·. _.. r' .,
. .:. ;~.'- ·. • >. ·, • .~. ; • . . : :.' "~ ,' •·1• I • \ •

Repudjatjon · .- · . ":':· ·.: -. ·,. · - : · .

---T.!..he-.'act b:,y'virtue ·of Which_ an .heir,' legatee or,
·devisee·.rrlai:Jifests· [Link] accordance with

. ·. {!~ttit.t:•tt
.>: the.. [Link]-:: prescribed: by. l'aw .. NPT. 19

le~a.c~- ~r :•vise
. ~--
. ·. .: · Char~.<;:°tedstics: (V,IRt _,· . r · .•. · •.. -- ; :... :· •
, : ",_ a,: yoluntary anqili..ee, (9t\([Link]"C(2PE,Aft·. 1Q41):;.
~· -. b. t··,[Link]~/.excepf· if· there is' vJtja_ti6n.,'9f·.

~-~
. cons~r{or ·_~p._.ur,ikno~o.x~ill)~p~~rs,JCl'-'.'/L'
CO.f?E, Art; 10,~p);.i:!119: :-:, ·:.·-. ". - , , ''·· : ...
'[Link]~.'.(CIVJL'COQE;' Aft.: 1[)42)..
.......,~-~ . - .. ;~·. . .. ·:·~ · · .. -· . :·· ". :::
r · ·•

.·; ··!~{.~-;·"':· ~.-~'·.,.··:··-- .. ·.',:_.· :·: · \~;. -.,:·I:· , :, ~-, '·:·~..,·

...... Requu;[Link].s -. .· _ ·- .. ,, , ., ,._ .
., __ ·., .:· .a: ,, ~:~-tt~!9_tt:>.f. ttie 9J~t~.~f·!~~:~e:c_~-~~n~-;'-~r,1:.
· , . · .: _. . ·. ·'":.· . · . .
' 001Y. the'. f~ee -p.o_rt,J~n 91.v~~- to, -.~tie_. hr!r .ls ·- .
. . ·.-.-,
.b. · Ce~~if.l~~( of: th,e. ·.~,g~t.,,tq,.tf\~·~,n~[Link]?QGt;t
. · ..... {C/Vlt'f;boE Art.·. f043).:·. ·•...... . ~' .. l - ..
< ·, ·
; .. affected, . bu\'· not his .l~g1t1me .(JORA.f?.O; •. · · . .,. ::·, .. ,., .,.~·,,.·.. ,: :.. ,· · ', ·:' : ·:,'<:_ , . , :.1. i:>:- : :~,.,,, ...
.. · · · . Succession, ·supra ·at.4961_. . ·, ···t · ? · ..· ,, - ... · ·. -. - ~. ·:--:'.'- ·, ·.• · . · : '·. · · . .. : ·:Y'::C 'i :. ·.::'.·.;_ ·/ .
· ....:.. ~ -·---·-· . - .· -·· ·- ~· ,_.,__ 'I -_ ·· ·"--'· - · ~ - ·-- . - - · .. .,., [Link]-v-:-Repud1ation·- -.....,....... -·- ·· ,
.... : .· .,··.. . .. · ···. · ~ "r~.~·:~~_;~t · ·.. ·.:.;:'.-)~:··:,u~ .. t:: "~.-.; ····.·
•. ·-. · b:' ln:capa_city [Link],[Link],un~orth_mes·s .
. . ." • · . · (civ,L·CODE;,A'rt.. sf032) .... , : .. · ... '.•·. ·~ ·.· ,'
·. · _Di$.qµa)ifi~s. ·. a • .. g:ompi.i"lsory,_ ;_ heir. dtqm ·
<.--- . -·.:.su_cceeding-ev_en to his'legitinie:·.,-~·;_ ;' - ;·, .. -
·.' ;-· .· ···\·.:: In <Testament.:rry.: [Link]~ion:·
\ -·· . . ' , .· Childre!1 '._ ·or-· dest_en.[Link]:its:' . o( thE:
.• j .•
.• . . 1:i"nyvorthy_. child -or- '•desc.end9[lt"-.shall·
· ' Jc;[Link] his ·right 'to [Link]~:.·. ·
·'ii. . .ln•.lritestate
. . . Successfori:.
. . . ~-\. \ '•.
Children or .
... ,,· :..
...
• ·. ·,-.>. :[Link] of th!:! imw'drt_hy ,child· or·.
' '

. ~.-:
'" de$.CeQdarit shall [Link]·ec1 ·t0: tl'Je· E:?ritire A~[Link]-~. . ca.n · · . ba ·:~e·P.:cUtji~tioci}/~:::::::·:;_:·.-- :· is.
·, · sharewh°ich is"[Link] vacariL.'·/
• • •
· • p • • ~ pre"suined ·. . ' ... from ~[Link]' an/achb.f' .
#' •• • r , . · •.. ·.. 'L'. -:, -.
disposiiion, . as:•· , ari :d,spositi9n' ~· ·, '.· ...,::and
·.·Note: .. BQtb .(i)_ ~n~ _(ii). cjpplie~- only i.f the in"~iqenfofciwnership.,. ,· ~lieh9t_ion:> .,' ' · '• _ '. , ,
: , compulsory, h,E;!ir 1s:c;1 ch1ld,.or.descenda11t of . . . . . · .. ·· ... ·
th El dec~qent: . . . . .-
'·

.....
2019 SANJ3EDA_LAW C:J=NTRALIZED BAROP~RATIONS 3~3
 [Link].N
SAN BEDA LAW C~N1:RAL/Z£[Link] OPERATIONS - ME~?RY AJf! 2019

[Link]
representa-tive
As it ts more usual' to Repudiation. . beinq, in' .Wl"T:H · judicial
accept than to rejectan effect.> . an . ,:act:' or .~uthorizatio.n ·
advantaqe . or benefit; disposition.,: . ·.requires .
.acceoiance ·. may be g~~~ter _... capacity 'and ·
presumed. more formalities . than
acceptance. · ·. ·
the
(JURAPO, [Link] af506-507). :

' .~ .

... , .
.· .

", ,• · ..

·'..·.

.- '

334. 1 201s ·sAN gEoA LA w· C::ENTRAL:.IZED BARbPERA Tti;)NS· ·

 .
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SAN BEDA lAW CENTRAL_li~D BAR OPE~TIONS: MEM~RY·AIQ_ 2019 . . .
i; !«1ae fyM'2¥iS%>¥1W46S¥!##&5!(Q;i$ ,$5 @4.:t:J& #¥i1ff:?"9bWWitai& Hi tpt 5 -:tssm; H¢tfM+:aiPWIHl#&iitll7a

Note: These are acts of disposition, acts. which 4. Collation · ·

only· the owner is empowered to perform .. ...An act of. retuiriing or restorinq to. the. common
·(JURADO,
. . Succession,
·~ .
supra
. at.506). . mass of the es\a\e,-~ither actually or fictitious_ly,
. ., . any property Which 'a person may have received .
'4. · Other acts of tacit acceptance: . . . · from the [Link] the latter's lifetime, but
a. Heir Qen:iqrids partition of the inheritance: which is understood for- legal 'purposes ·as -an
b. Heir- -~lie hates ·. some objects· . of the . advance: from · the · inheritance (JORADO,
. inheritance: . · . · . ·· Succession, supra: at 511). · .
c. · Ads· of Preservation or administration i(
through sut;;h acts; the title or capacity of heir i .. Operations Related toCollation: (CIR2)',° ·
has been 'assumed: .. . - a. .Q_dllation. ·_. adding . to . the mass of. the.
- d. ·Filing .. of. a· . .[Link] for the. partition 'of · . :[Link]'itary estate thevatue of. the donation ·
. .· inheritance; . . " . . . .. . .:--:- , or gratuitous disposition; . - : . .
e. tom'procni?es [Link] objects and rig~Js b.~-- [mputinq "or .: ·charging-· . crediting_ the .
. -. included inthe inheritance: . · ·· . · · , . donation as an advanceon the legitip,.i;l (if
· .t. gx:(;irci.s~ of any action which 'pertained' ·19 · the donee is 'a compulsory-heir) or on 'the
· · the. decedent ·9uril)g his lifetime and which . · free portion (if the'·doriee is [Link]).' .
-~\ .· 'survives: . . . :.. . . c. '· _Bequction ~ 'determining towhat J'xJenqtie .
. s. _!;njoyrne:~f 6f the inheritance itself; and · . ·· [Link]-will remain and to What extent it is
h. _.Un<;ler.·. -Art. 1057,: 'failure ··to :·signify.. . ·. ·exc.e'ssive 'or' inbfficlous. ·
· acceptance or· repudiation withinJhirty (30)' · · d. : _Restitution -. return.' cir payment of the
days· after "an order .of distribution by the' . ex~ess to the. mass·.of hereditary estate,
. ·. probate court (JU_RADo;.,succes/·ion. ra:,.s·u :'. -...
· · at 506) · · .. · . · · :;• · · Concepts of CoUatio~'(FIR)° · . _.: .·. ~ _. -
-~ - ·· · · · .. ·. . · '· _; · · ·· · . · a. ·E:ic'titi~l!S r:nathematical pfocess ·of adding·
· 'Mann~r 9f [Link]·ti~n. (PAS)"· •':, . . · ·lne .faiuE: gr-·the <thing d~nated to: \he ~e-t
·a,: [Link] instr._urnenqacknowledg~d ~efore a
[Link]).
.b. '. Authentic: ·docµ.menf
. :.'· . : ·
(equiyaleot
&. ef' an··
. . · · ·. / .
. , ·'
. : ... · · vf lu~ ~~:t~~-
· . · . - ,~·
~ered)~afy e_~ta_te_;

- Purpose .To· compute·. the legitime of-

. in<;jubitabl~ - wr~ting;. ·qr;sa~Writint} wl'los~ . ·, : .. ·" i~[Link] heirs: .: ·: ,·. -·_.:: . ': ''.i -:·· ...
::. ·a1.:1thenticity is· adniittetlt'or1prov!:l€J);:or- . · .""\i· ·'.· 4,. ~ · -~ · ·. · .- · ·
c. · ~Y_ p~ti!iori presente~.JO;th-e~u.. haviQg .1 o. _ fX?F ~f"':"~arg1,ng o-r · !n:iP_l.lii~g such ,.val~e
'el
,
Junsrhd1on, over the:'[Link]~ry :J_·. .- "-~_g'.1=111'.t~$.tJ;re~e!=J_itif!1e ~f lhe ~U(llfJu!_sory. heir

~.1,:c~::;;:~::;::t
.. iotestate .· pfoceedin~(Jl}AOS), ·.• .. '[_: ·.• · to who!11 lh.e·th1ng wa5:donate.d; and .. '.

,SOlJ . ~ ·• • · : . · .. P~fi:t"~r J~rt;~!: ;~h:,a~~~i.~~:~li~e:~:.

. --An.: he!r Who. is s~ch b_y-will ·a~d by;I~., a~~·w!fu _.· . share·s of the ¢ompulsory· heirs:as much as :
· : --r~pu91afes the mhen!c!ri~e as'. a. t~s a:~tary · · : · .possible... · . · · - .. : .,-': ,. ·
·,' h~ir,\ will' b·e·;_cOrisid_eredJo have repUqiated)he, . . · , :··. ·, ' .... ·. · . ·.:,·
., [Link] in. both capacities. -But whe.n ah heir c.· . Actuc!I.· ·att of Bestorin_g. to: ttie .'h_ereditaty
. repudic!tes ai:nUetfal h·eir .witnoul knc'Jwll:ldge-of est,;1\e. t~at. part· _.of the d_onation whlc_h is
~ . - . -his' Being ·a-·testamentary heir; ·he- may. la~er ·.on - · inoffidous in. o'rder nqt-to-impair:-the·legitirne
. ·.··, . ··accep~.as;.a testame~t~ry. heir (CIVIL CODE, Art. . ,· .· of comp-oJs6ry heirs.(JURADO, -Suc:[Link];,
[Link]; (Id, at 509): · - .. . · supr'} _ctt 315.J~ · · : · ·. ':'.'_·;; _·_ · · . ··

Eff~.~t of),cceJtanc.e ~nd:[Link]~tion .. · Obligation t~:·Cbllate· :. ·. · ·· .:''. ·. ·:, :·. : · . ~ ·

[Link] Rule:· [Link]. ·- . . Every compulsory heir, who' succe·ed~ with other
- · · .- (. .; compulsory heirs must 8ring into th~ ma'ss of the··
-_-;... · E;xceptiori~: / .. .· •. '.. . . ' . ·_ - . esi!3te·: any. P.[OP~rty,.~q·r . rigt,r \vhich . he,. :may .
.. a. 'If made through ·any· of . the .. causes that · . . . : receive from the decede·nt, quring tne·l_if_e.time :of. .
. ·,. vitiates'. cnnsent' (e.g,. mistake,. 'vio/([Jn~·e, . the -latte'r,'. t5y':way. of qonation', .-.:c5r 'a,ny oth~r .
. ir,tim~dattQn: undu_e·. inf/u_ehce and,. fraud); . .·: . grai0m:fu_s title, i.r:i order uiat _it ritay be coir)puted
. and· · · · · · · ·· in the deterrh_in'ation of the·[Link]·of each heir;·
· b. · When an unknow_n···will' appears,: provided . ·: ·; a'rr~·in th_e.accour:it [Link]} (CIVlt:poDt=,-Art.
·.·that· such. will· [Link] chan_ges ·the· 1061):_ ·· · · ·
· rights of ·a .person who has·. repudiated or
?CC-~pted (CAGU/OA, Civii Law; .
~upra at .. , ..
l.:.
·. 449) ... ·. . ..

.· .....

2019 SAN S~DA !:.AW CE~TR,{\LIZED BAR OPERATIONS' _I 335 ·.

 . . , . SAN BEDA LA"'! CENTRAU4ED f?.AR_OPE~A TIONS - fY1!MOflYA{Q_2019 .. . . .
~\.JM*?fie 6¥#JEB ¥&¥4§13¥2 :s.1&MM1·:n- i tf_d§ !&9S¥i 'JBS t?i5!&2f:-S.!4,§ cS< 194 4f#!Y2 f3&' &Sfit~?'"ct,•;:str!?t §th'S4?~%Rffii.

·'Note: . Express provision by the:. -testator. The. subsequent .inc;e~se ·o; dete~ior~tion an/
· exempting [Link] from collation does· not mean e~Ein the total loss or destruction [Link], be
• r·.
. no collation at all: r11·e [Link] [Link] .· [Link] culpable, shall be for thebenefit .
-~Jas a stranqer arid what [Link] received from the:_ or account and ri_sk of thedonee (CIVJL COJ]E, ,.
-_ testator mustbe charqed from thefree portion (3 · ·, · Art. 1071) ... · ·: -. · . :. i: · ·. · . ·. .... · ...
,TOLENTINO'. supra:at.572-.573). · ,: · · ·· · · ·
, .; :,- Prope;r;tie.s.'NOT,subjecfto Collation::· · - . · ·
· [Link] Obliged to Collate., a. Parents are notobliqed to bring:to·[Link]
·. a. General Rule: Compulsory heirs . : , .. irr the· inheritance. of their ascendants any
· . ' . · - . -[Link] have .been donated by
,Rxceptio_n.s: .' . . .·- -~ _·the latterto their. [Link] (CIVIL CODE,· Ar[ ..
i. Vift:ien the .testator should: have so 106q); . -: : _ .
· ·f,)[Link]~f9;.arn:l; ., . . . b .. Donations to [Link] the cnlki (CIVIL.·.
i.i, ·_when the compulsory heir should have . ,CODE,.Art. 1066); ·. .
:[Link];lia.t~c! .. · his ... · inheritance , . ·((?/VIL-. c. E?.(pe°r1s~s '. . for·· . . support.. .. education .
· .: ·· , · CODE, Art .. 1962), ; ,.-. · · · · .. - . ( elementary and· secondary; only);:-[Link]\[Link]
,_ _ L , . : .. , \. • . ': .. • , • : , '! _. , v• ;: , ,.atte,bdance/~v_eii ... ir) ·1e:xt(?J::>r<;liria,r;y, illness, , I;_-
' . .ln these: ··cases, dh~ [Link] .. _shall·' be .... , -, ··_. .. \ippYerftiCEl~hj'p; ;.,:'6i:di~i;rr.f :e~9iP".!1.e!\t .. -or .
·-c -
" . ehar'ge.d le>. tM fr~e pprtion- ,a()d· r.i9t Jo the,. . . , ·. · ·. . ·, .r:;u~t9rriar;y' gifts· (f.;IYILU30D§,Art.:) 067);,. ~·
:1egitim~ (3 Ptif?,fl_S;; iupra:at:,~1_2).' ~- .Ex_pe_n~.f.~.iri_cu_r_(~_d ?Y parenti:i(l_ gi¥ing-th~fr ·.,
': ..
•. ! . ' . .-. . ·. .... .. -:·.' ";

.. must neyer _be 1mpa1r,ed,\...(UR~'ffi0'. .supra~at~

:\~~

,.. · R~~?_.Q.n; TJ1e J_e~1t1~·e_ of C9'1)JPJJ-1Soryrh;!r~ V· J..

•. ·.' T. x.-1--~oq,(Le:lr!:ln: pr0fe.~~'.?,r:ial,t".V?Gat1qnal. ;O~ oth_er.
care~e~·:unle?s.
1. ·
tt;i~ ._parE1_nts- ·s~ __provide, _o~
.,~9Jes~ they· ·1m~~\r .th.~ .leg1t1n:i~· .(9/VI~ .
v/-
.-516).. . · .-- ~ .. '.; -Y;t:j.:,.y~ _ ~
,coof!:-A . 1068); anp · .:. ,/ :- ,
,: .. :: ,::: . :-., · .. ' " .-:_L~iYe~~-e~[Link]~,~g\fts·:_Bf·P~rE!_nt~}t~cJ,.aSCs)nda~t~.
.. IJYher:i_·\~.e l~w say~;-t~a~1jt1or1,,s.h'aff n 1~ A
.w; - . --_.cqQ~1s11~gA~f~J~V-'.8..lry •.. c!9.lh1ngr and:_~~_tf1t_
.. t~ke plaqe,:. w.'1a.t it- ~[Link]~m~ant-.1s thatJI:\~;. t"j.
.till. . . \xJep ,;wpe~:[Link],};yx?e_ed,, 1/10, oJ'~h.e .sum
~alue _of th,~ ·_thin_~/donate,~ _sh,a 1 ·not· be·.!'.~'.--~ . ispo~.a~l§~b.Y. \m _(C,[Link]}QDE,..Art. _10.70):_
1r:np~te_d . c;i9a,ri~t-- 11w1.~g111o:ie · _ot~..1r~---. ::r i1.. ,.;·.,·,- .... -::.,; \~ \ . ._:- ·-1- .. • • .• • ·
.. . . 'beri~ficiarx; i~ste·ae:J~l~r~lk·.~~:. irilpu_~e'\~ Ji~E.q.1:1p)i~a)io~·of:·~h~r~?~ ~- .· - : ,·/ .. ·· . . : .• ·
a~a(n~!. the .. d1spos_a~etft.e~. p;-~· .tfq. ri:a \'-;.\IJ:i.1JJ11y' ;"'.'' GJ~rr~'· ~M~~;~9io~he~r.s. ~hall .. ~.fe~~!v,e. .an .
" ,., .·~, .-514) .. -.. ··,·, ... ~-~'t.-.-~· · ·. ~ ·-.,__~ :
e~~iy,a~l')~,.a.tm_gp -~~:p0.s~Jble~Jn P~'?perty·of· .
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· , · - , . · re1:>[Link],itat10n ... :: .,_ ·-"' .. , '·J · . . ·,
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10:~r~·~ti.~ab1E: ·~o:~iY:e·;!6e: co~h.~irs_: ·

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-~:;".;:' ,;;. °'-1Q6'.1)~-i::Jf. ·,;-', .::· \'·:·.;.:· , ..... .<

.:.- . . ·• .. ·. '.. . --:·-~ ·/,-:;:;1mpos~1~le!and·.1mpra.~ticabJe1:s:[Link]~_t:pubhc
:.;' .;;;:, :.· ,:··' _lj,. · · )Q_, ~~~~-:,~itgfa,11d.£?Jl~f-eO:. ·<''·; ·,; '"'-'.!,._,_~.' ,-_c ,, ,
_I;, ~,'.'·,:/ii:uct(~£l"'a?,;;_:~i:r;,_Qgl fOf-{th,~ ·.Other,JRf,OQertY: ciS ~ ._;· ..
··/:: •.. - .- ·-. •., :i.. ·. All. tharthey 1Jl~Y:h_;3y~;r.e~ei~e9 froni·th_~J ; . .:,~ ··-~. ·rnay oe:g~~ef{st{r,y .(.CI.V!LC,OD_§ 1r.t.-. 1074, . ,; .
-· , --.--;:.,-·,: .·" . .. , dece_de_nt.d.uring1tiJ,?··.l,ifE1Jirp.e•,:..,:::...· ·. ':' · · .. .... . . -'; ·· , Pw:. 1·); o.r- · ·. · , _- ···1·t:'·;-''.:·'"?' · ,<.~ •· ·i ·,
ii: _ ·.All !~~t the_ir_p~rent~ •. if)llv~.:.wo~td),ave\.. · . · · -'' · ·· ,, · · ~. · · : ·
'/\ 'i: ·. · · ·· · -
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·:[Link] to _c91Jatl0n . .'(CJV,f.k;.' G..QP.~~ Art .. · . :.· '. ~ .. :-.b.. 1:!fo~a,i~_ch .··
_:jt':,\b~\p.r~.P:t~·Y ~~~j:~?~c\9J~;~;·~.o,~. ;

'·.,:,;·~ ..... · . · . . :. , ·.: .:,1Qq4J~.,:· • .-.,,, :::: .:·.1\.,,;1,;- ... " .'·;::,.·.t:. :· . . · · heirs shall: Oflly·.h~ye·a. ng)lkto..,.s_eJect an
·-., .. :. c. : .-Any sum$.-_R?!a ,py--,a_:p.~rent:J~.$~tt!:>t?6ti.o!1:.~t .. · ·. . . · .. : equivaJeijt .ot ,c:itherp~(spra(propef1y of t~e _;,..1;... ·.
•1.' .:,·:-.'. • •• :,-:· ;~tJhe .d.!=),b\s:pftliis.'cnil9re.f1;.'eJ.~~ti'br\ ~*P~nses,. . · · ··· ... ·. , inhE1rita11c~. at it_s ju$t price ·(G/.Vf,t '-0.0_EJE,.-·
:·.. · , ; --fines1· ?nd [Link](·[Link](j5:·,(8/II./L·'·C'<E>DE,· , . · , . Art:.1Q!4; par: 2). ·:- . : ;· ·. _5,.- ,-· ·: .. -.:,: ..

. :.-:\,_ ;. ';: .::'.(~;}~~9J~.__ ,,:: .' ;:.; .. : /;~

.N6te:·,oii,ly't_h~~val0e:b°qbe _.[Link]· depat~cJ:·shall'.
;:.ir};,·;~~tio~ ·:~<:·_.,.· . ;_:;._·:( -~- :. : _· .. :·
( .: ~- '-l>~rtiti6'~'-·· . . . ... , .·
~'1i';rib~~i6ri;
;.t.: .
estate;:: - -~i~~~ 0

·.:· ~, \ :.
6tta;;,.
'. ...

·,- - \i ??,:[Link] to .. 9;0.l)~!i.O.Q,- ..!-:f'h!~\alu¢:,mu.s.~:~El. the -~ ' .. ·: "!l_(i,s,(h\:i,S'E)pJ'c;!ria~i9Q·,:djvisiqn' $[id\:!~·[Link]'m~nt:9t,a ....

valu~-:of··the ·thing ·at th.e:·time. qf .the ·OOl')§lib!l,· .· ·.· .. · .. , ·:·: tnirrg 'heHtl' ir.i~.commoh-atnbngJti'o:,i'e::fo\o;,hom: it· '-°:'
•I.
. be_v~~.t_hR-~~h: idts:ju_s:_ va!ue may_ ~?t
then -.~ci-~e . · :· .. · ·: ·.rri.~y:'.,l:f.~i.o.'D.9~ '\!! · ir,ic1u.qel3:";ive/? .. ~.G.L~whi_c;~_.:Js,... · :~
\ een asse~se. : - , .. ' . . :irileF)def:fato· J'.>uf'an:eiid':fo~inci[vi~iOJV.i,irt)Ong ¢6:-- :· .
-. : ,,: . ... ; . ·- ~ .:·.~-~Jr~ 'aria·' leQJa_tees or. ·d~vi~~~~-;- ··at~~~~~~ ,i.t ... : .. · ..
·· . . . should ,. .purport··-
to be a ~ale,. . an. ....ex~hange;,
. .. . .
· - , ...... :
... . ,···.
. • ••.• ~ • •. •. . .I

·.. \ .~. . - ,. -· . . :.·· ~ ~·'... . . . . . ·. . . •. ·: . ;·. .' . ... \

.. , . . 3~6 I: 2q~ ~Af:'J:.[Link].;AWSE~;TRA].,_l;::'.E;D,BAR 6ioi;~ Tl¢~~ .. I." . ~' .· . :, •, ..:i, j .
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 su·ccESSION
. SAN BEDNLAW CENTRAL/ZED BAR·OPERATIONS- MEMORY 0 AID 2019
• ,. • • • • • f
ft«!: t# iM41 <£53% 4#[Link]&&itiE fi§Rl±t i I •&;e;;s:eseg &E 4,?8M Ai-n, '% *ii
..
b#&SS§WfiftSb§!WA C #ii ,tQb&-&
.··
£a',¥»
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.
compromise, or any other transaction. It is not b. Applies only when the ·gross. value of the
subject toany form (CIVIL CODE; Art. 1079'and . _ss~ate does not exceed P10,000.00; and
1082). .. c .. Available even if there [Link] (FE~TJN; .
. . Special Proceeoinqs, supra at 1_9).
Nature of Property Before Partition •. . . '
There is co-ownership between or-amonq heirs , - 2. Administration. ·· Proceedings {lfWLES · rOF
(CNIL:COf?E, Art. 1079). . · COURT, R_u'Jes 79-91 ). ·
~· '.
. Kinds 'of Partition Unde·~·tlie· Rules of Court:-' Who -fylay Effect Partition:'
. a. Ordinary o~ .Judiclat . Action · for . Partitlon 1. Decedent himself durinq his lifetime by an acr
([Link]:.ES OF· c·QURT, Rule 69);- and : · , [Link] or bywill; ·· . .· . :; ·
b.. Extr~judicial · "Settlement .' (RULES ·OF· , 2. Third person designated by the decedent;
COVRT, 'Ruie 74, 'Sec. 1r · .· · · . · .. 3. ·Heirs·themselves; or . ..
' · ·, ,·' ,·, ·: 4: .Competentcourt (JURADO, Succession, supra
Requisitesr (IDAP.~) · .. ., . . at _528). : .
-i. ·__ .Tl:)e decedent died-Intestate; . ·' · · - ·-
. ii. . The ~[Link]· no_butstanding·Qebts at Partition by [Link]! · . . 1 ·!:: . · ·
· ,,, the time of the. settlement; ·.·: . . . , ... '. . Under Art. 1080. there. are two ··vyays by which .a .
. iii.. Decedent's heirs are ·a1r of" ~ge ·or: the . person may affect ,tbe partition ·of hi?·. own property
-· ... _:: · minorsare represented by-their jddicia·I . orestates-by-anact inter·vivos or bywill. In both
• r ·o'r legal representatives: ·:: · . · : ·. cases. the leqitlrne 9f compulsory heirs mustnot be
iv. .. r~·e s·etilerrient was 'madeby means of( -'prejudiced ·ud., at 529). . .. ' .
: a .E_ublic instrurnent or· affidavit filed With · ·, · ·. . · . · · ·. · ' -, .
.. $,he R~gister 'of o·~eqs;· and . , Two-Vvays. Parti~io~- ~~ _the b~'cedenti, :·of
· · ·. . v. · Thefact ~f such [Link] settle'men;_:must . '\.. By an" As::t inter ,-Vivds (Partition ,Inter Vivos)..
. _. ,.·,be'fublish~d:in-a··,;_ewspf1per of g~neral_ ... (G/1(11:. C©Df;,· Art. 1080) ~~, It ~ay· oe· oral or
·. · circulation in the province once .a. week . 'y/ritten. ancl need not be in the fqrm · of a,will,
,: for . [Link] . (3.) .. ~on~ecutivl wee!<s ,. ': · .. p-~[Link].~· tJi.~t'the partition does ·not prejudiqithe
: :· ·. ·: .. ·.i)fE$TIN, -E:,'P.~ciaf.P~0ceed1rjgs, (2011)\ · . legi_time: of. c'?mpulsory ~eirs. Tliis•cohstitutes:an .
. .. · · . -:.p. •. 20) · [heremaf(~r-. ,:FESTIN,. Special ·· ~onlto rule declared in Art: 1347, · par . ttJ.~
. ~: · · , ·' .Proceedings}.·.··: . · .. ·,2:·o th~··(t6£fe\hat· no [Link] car:itenter .irit'o·a_:
· : - · · ·· , . ·. · '.'' :. ·. ~-. ·, ·_,, .· :·· · '::-... . .:_. .. · [Link] witli respecqo future· inheritan~e (19'. · at
. :· : · Th'E:· .fact that· tne .[Link] wtis': noj 5?_Q-530), . . : · · ·: · · '
.. .': •. '· .nQt?rtze~;:js ... no hindr~rc;e tq ·is 'effeqtivity.- ' .·· •. . , . ,' . ··~- ...
·. .. ·-: Tti~ ~.:frtit(oo_. qf if)~~.rited prbper.fy_ ne~ditfot · ,:· . ' ~ ·•· j~_,:-·par:titi_cfr( 'inter.-:viyos,: rules. r~ga·rding'' tl:le·
- · . be > embodiea · in: a : p_ut5Hc docurnerit . o"rdina~{ conve"y;:irice . of personal a·nc:1,. real
(Alejahqrino· li.--C'A;··' G.R: .No_ -:r~11if51, . prqperti~s must be follo»1ed sucti as V{hen
. _.:. .· 1~ep~e~mb<!_} ~7~: !99~))_Pa,~iti9,r~o~g co,_;.' .. :: ... ·.. c~~y-~y~nc_e . through · a.· ~[Link] .. i6~P:~~erit1 .js
. . - ... , O\Y_n.ers'n:,ay thus-be·ev19enc~a eve~ By.'th'e . ·· .. ·. · requ1i'ed·(ld: at.530)·: · ,:- ·, ··- · · : -.J.
co
·. ,··. ~ < .: .
~ . . ; : : -·. overt act•·o( ci 0owi,er of r~fioun~trig', his

L rigti~-o~fr t~e.p~rOR~rty fegar,d!e~~ bf, th{f~r~ • ... :·· -. .

· . _··.; ~ ·,~. · it;~~e.s ..''.·.-::r,:he-~ou_rt ba~e9 thi&-a·sseri_idrf qri , . :. _..
..... : . ' ,- : ,, ·='. ' ·;J - .••• : . ··:.
~~·t~_. I<
>
: ' .- '· . .-··,-,) -- ' . ·•• • .

~Th~
testator'm'ay 'sfili:.r~·vok~--i~~::11-artitori .
. done, ~Y· hi$' Ov'{n act inter vivas· qec_auie, during
., . . ·: :. · · Article'01084 qf. tlie:'Civil" 8oqe~(Heir:?''b7: . , ' .. ··such. tirtie, that is, before his·. deatfr·.:he·is.:'stilHhe
¥</.ale_s.'( Agustin,:.l;:Ft JVp)224849.~ µU{)e . . : . . . -own_e( ofihe• prdpe"rty .(3'T:[Link]; supla-,at

~>) · ~~'. :.~ :· .· .

••• •• r, •• :

. . . 6 2018) : ·: .. ·.· .. ·' .. · . . . . (• ·.. · ,, 59°8.5$9) ·'·,. ·./...: ., . ·., ·. . · : ' .. .

. ·. ~t -i- ._ . _.:~~-,:';:':.--:.;:-),. ·/·/ :r··. :·_ . .:_., \·· ;,/ -"::-· .. :·. ;./:': \··,j.\·,.-.-.:~ 1::1 :.~- .. ?.'.:.-.. :'\i.~ :) -:.-:
:· · ' ~E~[Link]. partifior{--c;a,[Link] .·epn-;tifute· ;j.,.,.: ·~.. .[Link]~;° 'The·· rights .. to." ·s~ccessioil .. are the
.' .. ,_: :· _par:titlori 6(ihe/[Link] t!_w'i[lg:1i,~·Hfetr;f;~\,f. ··1·. ·.. . tr~ns~itte'd :fre>ni .[Link]. moment of deatli ot".th'e· ..

·,t ,
. :··· .. : ·.::ifs· -~~~e!r
P.~1i.!(6tf ~UuturJ.·i~herit'an'~~ .. is · ·: · , _decedent· (C[Vff:.· cop[/:ArJ:7(7) .. , , . ,. .o~·: '\ ·t .·
· _ ,•proh1q1tea by l~i,y· (<!()RAQO/;:Succession,. · · ·. . . , . · . , ' · ·'. . ,:::-· · -~- - . ~ . .~ .. ,.
. _;, ·. :::•$[Link].5,,2~),. ..•.. > :: :; · · ,·· ' · ·>.· > · 2:·· F:fr'f/ill.'(f?aftitiQn-·Mortis' Causa).tCIVIL°CGDE.
-2: . . . ·:. --Jf ;_:·__ : :'.!.: ;~~~:-- _:·'.~ / -.>.,~· ... ~;": ' .. ,. ·(·: ··, . · ·' ::;·.- · • .. : .r_ · · '·. ',Art,JQ~Pt~;lt-rriust-_be i~ede~·~ic1~~ali9·wil_fcluly-:. .
·./ Se~[Link] Estates · . .._ . : . · , · .. . · - . executed m· accordance witn the·. formalities
.. · ,_: : 1. . J_udiGic!I.' Symma·ry . ~.ettl~ment, .(RUL~S ,.:"o_F · ·.. ·. . ·pres~ri~ed by iaw (.Ji.J_RAfJO, Suc_c~ssiori, supra
• . - COURT Rule 74 Sec 2)··and -. · .-...' · . ·. . at529) .·:· · · · .·· ··· -·· ·. ,. · ·, .. ..::.·.~ ·
• • ·"· ·, -~ ·- • ~•• ,_ ' •• ;"'. ~·~·\.':..:' •• : •.' :--:~,. ·' • • :· !. ; ....~ •• ••• ... '>.· . . '. ·f •• ~ ,·~: ·•. •••

' ' . '., ,_ Requisites,·(SED) _.;. . . . . . . .. • . : .. < .,_·. Ai partiti~n·· ~greement• ·w~ich w~·~. ~X~Gute.d
. . ., · ,a .. Requires' ~oui-r inte~inlio~ b°y. §[Link]~ry :· ... , . pu_rsucJ~! to w[U:that wa.s not,_prot3atr,fd·<:aririot a
.: .. -.proc~eding;. . . . . ' . ' . be .giv~n efff:Cl. B_efore any will'.ca.n have any
--;_ force or [Link] 1t_m11st be probated - thi.s cannot
.... _

. 2~1§.s~[Link]~Q~=LAW-CENT~UZED BAR OPE~TlbNs -~ 337

. . . , . "· . ,, ' . . . ' ..
 ·SU,.CC·ESS·ION~
SAN BEDA LAWCEf:![Link] BAR OPErfATIONS - MEMOR.Y AID 2019

be 'dispensed with and is a matter of public policy of the heirs should demand that the thing be sold at
·(R_odrigue·z ·v. Rodriquez.' G.R. No. 175720; public auction and strangers beallowedto bid, this
September 11, 200.7). · · must be done (CIVIL COD~, Af!. 108.6).
Partition by Third Person . . . .. . . ·.. · - Requisites of Legal Redemption:.(S2-B0-1R}
· A person may; by .an act intervivos or mottis. eaesa, 1. There must be §.evera) co-heirs; .
intrust'the mere power tomakethe partitionafter his '. · ?· · Orie of them §.ells his righ·t toa stranqer:
death to any person who is not one of the co-heirs 3. The sale is made ,gefore the partition;
(CIVIL CODE:.-Art. 108_1, par .. 1). . . 4.· · The· righ.t of redemption· must be exercised by ,
only Qne or rnoreof the to-heirs; . -
What is in trusted is: the ~er~·. po_wer· of partition, not ·5.: It must be, 1 month from -ihe time they. were
the power to distribute-theheredltaryestate. Hence, notified in \,\'Jiting:by theco-heir vendor; and
the. act of the person delegated with such power is 6. . The· vendee is -B.~imbu_r~ed for the price of the
that of· a mere agent or mandatory, (JURAD.O, sale (3 PAR~S, su?ra at p49)._ · ·
Successicn, Sl!p[~ at
530). =. •. • .•

. . ...... ~·
.. -

·. ·.

.. ··.

' ' . . . . _./

... ,338 l 2019·[Link] LAW CENTRALl;?:ED BAR OPERATION_S.
(
 .SUCCES.S:ION
SAN BEDA LAWCENTRAUlED BAR OP~nA1IONS - MEMORY AID 2019 . . .
G!&IS USM thA,t4P;;JISMMU>4tai¥&mt#5¢i'i.? §ta, •1Sti&•us&e0 :e,e iaSeWN¥ffi¥¥W#t&S»>fl:CZ'l4&M ·4dttQa;;e5 ijf~

The Obligption of Warrc)nty shall cease in the lesion .bi more than d. ·undt:Je Influence;
following Cases: '(PSE) . 1/4 ..bf the [Link] the and
1 .. · When: the testator himself has. made the. things which. are the . e. Fra·ud . (CJ\Jtt. '
. . . Partition· Lin less his intention was_otherwise, but object thereof; COQE;, . Art:·
. the iegitirT)e,shall always [Link]; · 2. Those ~.9_:eed. 1390)'. ,·
2. When ·it has been .. expressly _§.tipulated in the uponin
agreement of partitlon; unless. there has been representation of
bad faith; and • · . . ~ absentees, if· . the
3. When the Eviction is due to a cause subsequent . la'tter suffer the lesion
· - to· the p~rtitiqn, or has been caused. by the fault-·· ' stated · ...,_ in the·
/ of the-distributee of the property. (9/VIL CO_D,E; . preceding· number:
Art'. 1096). · <, 3. Those undertaken in_
· .. · fraud · . . .of. ·
Rescission and Annulment of Partition' . . ···credi'tors when · the
Partition .once made, may be rescinded or annulled . :· latter . 'cannot . in .
. fq'r: the same causes as in contracts ( CIVIL CODE, . any other manner :
Art. 1097). ... collect the} ~I aims due ·
· . . them; . .
-Effects of inclusion of:[Link] in Partitio_ri. . 4. -Those which . refer
1: Between. a true heir and several. mistaken .' to things .. under.
. heir~'.( civic CODE, Art. 1105):. ·. ·- ,'.'--: . litigatidn if ttiey·· have .
. a. The partition isvoid; and. · . been entered into by
·. b. 'The declaratlon of nullity 'shall resu_lt in th.e. · the defendant whhout· .
delivery' of, ~everything that had : i,en the. 'kriowl~dge arid
. adjudicated to the true; heir. · #. a·pJ.2roval of. . the.
.·· ..
1
·2. :setwe1rri 'severaltrue heirs·~nd>rrii.s~ak_en·, . . -:litigants:· ., or of .'

.. heir ( CIVIL CODE, Art. 1105): The transmissro : ... c?mthp~tt;·n_ t _.. ·judicia_l_ .·
a'
: to mi§taken heiro'is void .. - au on y, . . . -
··;
3 .. Throuqh error or mistake, _share. of tfu h.~ir 5. All ·. ptner contracts · . ·
_·:· : ·, Is allotted .to mistaken-heit "Clv'lt:_G~EJ!if:Jl.-rts.:;,.. ·.·_,: ;; ~IJ,w"c,3·c.0i_~llbye,~[Link]' ·._'.0Y:
lbaJ_rre¢[Link]····bt .
· · ·. 1104"ahff11.05):
0 Th'e ·. · ·· · ·. · · .:"' a: !l ~ ··: ·.· ·· -·•.
. a, . p'artitio_n. 'slJgll not .be r'e-~[Link],ml~sv·· : · .. _re~cissio~; a,¥· .... -~ . .. . ... . ...
a
there. is b9 faith. or/ra~c;lontj-r~af;f of t e 6. ·payments maae. m a.···
oJber persons int~rested,-,m-t tti,"e latter sri~ · · · state'. · ·· · .of : · , · ·· ·
,b'e pr.oportion_ately [Link] O pay_._tl")e-tr~.e insolvency for··. .· ... ,....· -.
· · heir of' his share; and . . . 'ci6Tigations._to whose' ·_ .:
· ... : b: ~~~ yarti_ti.on~ V{ith /E:_~p-ec! to, tie· 1:i:i'i~.~en. · ··fulfillment ·u,e· debtor
. .tie1(1s void (JUF-?ADO, Sycces~10n; SIJJ!f!fl at . · .· . : _ ··couid, . no't°: , ber ·
, ,·.' :.. _:. ·. -§~7).'_ -. ·: .· .. __ :. . , ·: ·. . /'~o~pelli~--·· at_·. 'me ..
, .. .. . .· . . . · , " ,_. ... , .:: · ,. ''time they · ~ ..
·: Rescis~ion v .. Annu_lrrient_ of Parti,tion . ·... were:E)ffected (CIVIL ..
.· .. CODE · rArt. . ··:f380~
: ·1ia~:j · · ·~·· '·

... ...-· . .
.·- . · :~. . .
: ,' ' .· ' •·, . . ~ ...
.. - ·Resci~sible· .. cb'[Link] 'Annulmenr is a remedy· -[Link] Pretedtion .
·. - . . a're, valid . contracts [Link] law bec;:3"use .. .. .General. Ruie: 'A [Link] [Link]. with [Link]· - '.,
:, · · ·[Link] ::· ·a.~y [Link] of vices or defect,s,' in · can riot be rescinded..
: . .
(CIVIL CODE,-
.
Art .. 1164). . .... . ·
. whatsoever but the law consel1t or be~au'Se· of · .
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ri:
-: Exceptio~; When. it' ca.. 'be proved·'tl:iat tnere was_ .. ·
.. rescission. · · the contractir:ig parties. · .. · · - bad faith or fraud·on .the part of the 6ther.'persons
. . .·. ... ·,.. . .... ,. interE!sted (C/VIL CODE; Art. 1104).. .
.-c..::- . . . . . :~. ; . .
.- .·Remedy of Preterited Heir. ·,
.1·: Tho'se . . ... : which 1. Party incapab.1~. of · · · .. beinand · that' . the · persons_. interested :. ."b!:l _
.' ·. are' entered.: .1nto - by ·. . givjng cons.en_!; and . ·proportionqlly' liable for his :5hare in the inheritance
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Resclssion of. Partition Dueto Lesion

If iri 'the partition. anyone. of th.i co-heirs .should
receive a share-whose value is less, by at. least 1/4
than the. share: to which' he 'is. e~ntu.e~{. corjsiderinq
the ,. value of· the things . at. th~-. time 't.h~ey':"i.','.er.e
'adjudjcated, · the · partitlon, ·whether., i?.\:Jici~I or
.extrajudicial, may ..
be rescinded.. on.
\
account
. . ·,_pf the,' .
lesion. (CIVIL CODE, Art, ,1Q~8)., . ._ . ·. - l ..:~

If the lesion· is· less tha ri' .1 /4 rescission will .f{Qt-lie; the
proper, action is one for damages. (3 :PARAS, :supra
at6.64). · · ·. ·• ·'.. ' ..... ·-·. '. -

General Rule: If the partition was· effected bythe . , '.·. ,· .

. decedent himself .. eitherby atlinler 'vil(OS 'or, by 'an ~· .::,-· '/ :-;-
will, _it .. canhbt be 'impwgn~-d on t~e-.g;:gupd-of lesion •,c._• .' •

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