Question 1
Define the following:
Super system, system and subsystem
System is a collection of element components that are organized for a common purpose.
Subsystem is a unit or device that is part of a larger system, or a system within a system.
Super system is a system that other systems are under or a system that composed of two or more
systems.
Question 2
What are the basic elements of a system? Briefly explain each?
They are:
Input element
Out element
Transformation process.
Input element: is a data that the system receives to produce a certain output.
Out element: Is what goes out from the system after being processed.
Transformation process: It involved transforming input into output.
Question 3
What are the four basic elements of a control system?
The four basic elements of a control system are:
Specification Planning.
Collecting facts.
Comparison.
Corrective Action.
Question 4
Briefly explain the following?
Probabilistic system
Deterministic system
Cybernetic system
Probabilistic system: is a type of system, whose outcome can not be predicted with
precision.
Deterministic system: Is also called mechanistic system is one whose behavioral patterns
can be predicted if its present state and operation characteristics are known.
Cybernetic system: A System that automatically adapts to its environments.
Question 5
Briefly explain a closed and open system?
An open system is a system that interacts with other systems by exchanging input and
output components with its environmental elements.
Closed system is a system whose function and behavior not affected by its environment.
Question 6
Briefly explain the four views that support the general system concept?
Synergy: It means when the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.
Hierarchy: It means the arrangement of the subsystem in order of importance.
Interdependency: it means the component of the system depends on each other, in other to
perform a task.
Sub-optimality: It mean when the sub-systems become selfish and self centered.
Question 7
Briefly explain the following principles that characterize a successful administration and
management?
Planning: is the first step in any administrative function. It involves making arrangements
for the future.
Organizing: It means the manager decides what jobs would have to be filled.
Directing: Involves giving staff details on how to go about their jobs.
Co-ordinating: this occurs when the organizations numerous activities are planned,
organized, directed and controlled.
Controlling: It is the measuring and correcting of activities that are contributing to the
achievement of planned goals.
Question 8
Briefly explain the categories of information?
Strategic information: This is used by top management to plan the objectives of their
organization.
Tactical Information: This is used by middle Management to decide how the resources of
the business should be employed.
Operational information: This is used at the Lower level management for daily running of
their section.
Question 9
List the characteristics of the following?
i. Strategic information:
Derived from both internal and external sources.
Summarized.
Relevant to the long term
Deals with the whole organization.
It is both quantitative and qualitative.
ii. Operational information
Derived almost entirely from internal sources.
Relates to the immediate term.
Is highly detailed.
Is task-specific.
Is prepared constantly.
Is largely quantitative.
iii. Tactical information
It is relevant to short and medium term.
Analyses activities.
It is prepared routinely and regularly.
It is based on quantitative measures.
Question 10
What do you understand by management Information System?
What are understood by MIS is: is the combination of human and computer based resources that
results in the collection and use of data for purpose of efficient management of a business.
Part A of questions 10.
Briefly describe the structure of MIS?
Strategic Planning and control: is the process of deciding on objectives of the organization
Management control: Is the process by which managers assures that, resources are obtained and
used effectively.
Operational control and Planning: Is the process of assuring that specific tasks are carried out
effectively and efficiently.
