Dual Network
Two electrical network are said to be dual, if the mesh equations of one is the
node equation of other.
The dual network are based on Kirchhoff Current Law and Kirchhoff Voltage
Law. Applying Kirchhoff Voltage
Law in the network A, above we get,
Applying Kirchhoff Current
Law in the network B, above we get,
Here we have found that equation (i) and (ii) are similar in their mathematical
form. Equation (i) is in mesh form and equation (ii) is in nodal form. Here, left
side variable of equation (i) is voltage and left side variable of equation (ii) is
current. Similarly, right side of equation (i) is product of current and total
impedance of the circuit. Similarly, right side of equation (ii) is the product of
voltage and admittance of the circuit. So, it is needless to say these two
networks are dual network. From, the examples it is also clear that dual
network may not be equivalent network. The circuit equation of two dual
network are similar in form but the variable are interchanged.
Construction of Dual Network
Let us consider series RLC circuit as shown below.
Applying Kirchhoff Voltage Law in
this circuit, we get,
Related pages
Electric Circuit or Electrical Network
Nodes, Branches and Loops of a Circuit
Circuit Elements - Active Passive Elements of Electrical Circuit
Electrical DC Series and Parallel Circuit
Construction of AC Circuits and Working of AC Circuits
Planar and Non Planar Graphs of Circuit
Dual Network
Let us replace all the variables and constants by their dual in the equation.By
doing that, we get, The
electrical network drawn by the circuit equation (iv), would be
It is
needless to say This is nothing but Kirchhoff
Current Law. As per definition of dual network, the network C and network D
are dual to each other.
Table of Dual Elements
Element Element
Resistance Conductance
Inductance Capacitance
Service Branch Parallel Branch
Switch Closed Switch Open
Charge Flux Linkage
Mesh Node
Nodes, Branches and Loops of a Circuit
An electric circuit based on three concepts, namely, node, branch and loop. As
per definition, an electric network is a combination of interconnected circuit
elements. A network may or may not provide closed path to the electric current
to flow. But, an electrical circuit may be a combination of one or more networks
which gives closed path to the electric current. That means, when one or more
networks are interconnected together to complete one or more paths to the
current, an electric circuit is formed.
An electric circuit does have three conceptual things as mentioned below.
Nodes of Electric Circuit
The point through which an circuit element is connected to the circuit is called
node. It is better to say, node is a point where, terminal of two or more circuit
elements are connected together. Node is a junction point in the circuit.
In the
above circuit nodes are indicated by bullets.
NB:- If three is no element between two or more connected adjacent nodes,
these nodes can be recombined as a single node.
Finally, the circuit can be redrawn as,
Branch of Electric Circuit
The elements connected to an electric circuit is generally two terminal element.
When, one circuit element is connected to the circuit, it connects itself through
both of its terminals, to be a part of a closed path.
Any of the circuit elements, when connected to the circuit, it is definitely
connected between two nodes of the circuit. When an element exists between
two nodes, the path from one node to another through this element is called
branch of the circuit.
The branch of an electric circuit can be defined more precisely, as the portion of
the circuit between two nodes which can deliver or absorb energy. As per this
definition, the short circuit between two nodes is not referred as branch of
electric circuit.
Loops in Electric Circuit
An electric circuit has numbers of nodes. If one starts from one node and after
going through a set of nodes returns to same starting node without crossing any
of the intermediate node twice, he has travels through one loop of the circuit.
Loop is any closed path in the circuit formed by branches.
