MODULE 1

UNIT 1
National Service Training Program (NSTP) and the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng
Maynila (PLM): An Introduction

National service training program (nstp)- aimed at enhancing civic consciousness and
defense preparedness in the youth by developing the ethics of services and patriotism
while undergoing training in any of its three (3) program components. Its various
components are especially designed to enhance the youth’s active contribution to
general welfare.
Reserve officers’ training corps (rotc)- institutionalized under sections 38 and 39 of RA No.
70770 designed to provide military training to tertiary level students to motivate, train,
organize and mobilize them for national defense preparedness.
Literary training service (lts)- program designed to train students to become teachers of
literacy and numeracy skills to school children, out of school youth, and other segments
of society in need of their service.
Civil welfare training service (cwts)- programs or activities contributory to the general
welfare and the betterment of life for the members of the community or the
enhancement of its facilities, especially those developed in improving health, education,
environment, entrepreneurship, safety, recreation, and the morals of the citizenry.

Article vii- preparatory military training

Purposes of the preparatory military training are:
1. To develop the national spirit
2. To make the youth physically strong
3. To make the youth morally confident
4. To prepare the youth for military service

c. presidential decree no. 1706 aug. 8, 1980

 The National Service Law
 Section 2. National service shall be obligatory for all citizens of the Philippines. As
used in this decree, "National service" shall consist of three main programs
namely: civic welfare service, law enforcement service; and military service.
Sec. 11- creation of the national service
  Composed of the graduates of the non-ROTC components. Members of this
Corps may be tapped by the State of literacy and civil welfares activities
through the joint effort of the DND, CHED, and TESDA.
 Graduates of the ROTC component shall form part of the Citizen Armed
Forces, pursuant to RA 7077

UNIT 2
The Philippine constitutions

Constitutions
 Basic principles and laws of a nation, state, or social group that determines the
powers and duties of the government and guarantee certain rights to the people
in it.
 Fundamental laws of the land.
 Aim- achieve unity, governance, peace and order, our nation had undergone
several constitutions.

6 constitutions
1. The 1899 Malolos Constitution
2. The 1935 Constitution
3. The 1943 Constitution (during the Japanese occupation)
4. The 1973 Constitution
5. The 1986 Provisional “Freedom” Constitution
6. The 1987 Philippine Constitution

The 1987 Philippine Constitution

 Established to reinstate our freedom from the Ferdinand Marcos’ dictatorship.
 Led by Corazon Aquino
 “The new constitution was drafted in 133 days by an appointed constitutional
Commission of 48 members and ratified by the people in a plebiscite held on
February 2, 1987.”
The 1987 Philippine constitution’s preamble
 We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to
build a just and humane society, and establish a Government that shall embody our
ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our
patrimony, and secure ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence
and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love,
equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.

The 1987 philippine constitution’s articles and sections

Article I- national territory

Declaration of the composition of the country’s territories, whether in land, sea and
air.

Article II- declaration of principles and state policies

Section 4. The prime duty of the government is to serve and protect the people. The
government may call upon the people to defend the State and, in the fulfillment thereof,
all citizens may be required, under conditions provided by the law, to render personal,
military, or civil service.

Article iii- bill of rights

Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, or property without due process of
law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of laws.
Section 4. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, expression, or
of the press, or the right of the people peaceably assemble and petition the government
for redress of grievances
Section 6. The liberty of abode and of hanging the same within the limits prescribed
by law shall not be impaired except upon lawful order of the court. Neither shall the right
to travel be impaired except in the interest of national security, public safety or public
health, as may be provided by law.

Article iv- citizenship

Criteria on how to be a Filipino citizen.
Article v- suffrage
The right to VOTE

Article vi- legislative department

Congress of the Philippines and the Senate of the Philippines

Article vii- executive department

Presidential Office

Article viii- judicial department

Judiciary System of the Philippines

Article ix- constitutional commissions

Civil Service Commission
Commission on Elections
Commission on Audit

Article x- local government

Covers the territorial and political divisions of the Republic of the Philippines.
The republic is divided into:
 Provinces
 Cities
 Municipalities
 Barangays

Article xi- accountability of the public officers

Section 1. Public Office is a public trust. Public officers and employees must, at all
times, be accountable to the people, serve them with utmost responsibility,
 integrity, loyalty, ad efficiency; act with patriotism and justice, and lead modest
lives.
Also covers the government offices that can be impeached, and its process.
The Sandiganbayan, The Office of the Obudsman
Article xii- national economy and patrimony
The roles and responsibilities of the government in terms of handling the economic
status of the country.

Article xiii- social justice and human rights

Section 1. The congress shall give highest priority to the enactment of measures
that protect and enhance the right of all the people to human dignity, reduce
social, economic, and political inequalities, and remove cultural inequities by
equitably diffusing wealth and political power for the common good.

Article xiv- education, science and technology, arts, culture and sports.
EDUCATION
SECTION 3. All educational institutions shall include the study of the Constitution as
part of the curricula

Article xv-the family

Article xvi- general provisions
Article xvii- amendments or revisions
Article xviii- transitory provisions

Ordinance
Creation of the political boundaries of the different regions, cities, municipalities,
and districts.
Members of the constitutional commission
List of names who contributed in the drafting of the 1987 Constitution.
UNIT 3
UNITED NATIONS: PRINCIPLES ON HUMAN RIGHTS

HUMAN RIGHT ARE UNIVERSAL, INALIENABLE; INDIVISIBLE;

INTERDEPENDENT AND INTERRELATED.

They apply to all equally, and all have the right to participate in decisions that affect
their lives. They are upheld by the rule of law and strengthened through legitimate
claims for duty-bearers to be accountable to international standards.

Universality and inalienability

Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 1 “All human beings are born free
and equal in dignity and right”

Indivisibility
It is inherent to the dignity of every human person.
Equal status and cannot be positioned in a hierarchical order.

Interdependence and interrelatedness

Each one contributes to the realization of a person’s human dignity through the
satisfaction of his or her developmental, physical, psychological, and spiritual needs.

Equality and non-discrimination

No one should suffer discrimination on the basis of race, color, ethnicity, gender, age,
language, political or other opinion, national, social or geographical.

Participation and inclusion

Rights-based approaches require a high degree of participation by communities, civil
society, minorities, women, young people, indigenous people and other identified
groups.
Accountability and rule of law
Individuals, the media, civil society, and the international community play important
roles in holding governments accountable for their obligation to uphold human rights.

UNIT 4
FLAG AND HERALDIC CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES (R.A. 8491 s. 1998)

Republic act 8491

 Section 1: Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines

 Section 2: Declaration of policy- Reverence and respect shall at all times be

accorded the flag, the anthem and other national symbols which embody the
national ideals and traditions and which express the principles of sovereignty and
national solidarity. The heraldic items and devices shall seek to manifest the
national virtues and to inculcate in the minds and hearts of our people a just pride
in their native land, fitting respect and affection for the national flag and anthem,
and the proper use of the national motto, coat-of-arms and other heraldic items
and devices.

 Section 3:

 Section 4: The flag of the Philippines shall be blue, white , and red with an eight-
rayed golden-yellow sun and three five-pointed stars, as consecrated and
honored by the people.

 Section 5: The flag shall be displayed in all public buildings, official residences
public plazas, and institutions of learning everyday throughout the year.

 Section 6: The flag shall be permanently hoisted, day and night throughout the
year, in front of the following:
 All other places as designated by the Institute.
 The flag shall be properly illuminated at night.

 Section 7: The flag shall be displayed on the following dates:

 April 9 (Araw ng Kagitingan)
 May 1 (Labor Day)
 May 28 (National Flag Day) to June 12 (Independence Day)
 Last Sunday of August (National Heroes Day)
 November 30 (Bonifacio Day)
 December 30 (Rizal Day)
 Other days as declared by the President or local chief executives
 If displayed all year round, flag raising ceremony should be observed

 Section 8:
 Section 9:
 Section 10:

 Section 11:
 Section 12:
 Section 13:
 Section 14: A worn out flag should be thrown away. It must be solemnly burned to
avoid misuse and desecration.

 Section 15:
 Section 16:
 Section 17:
 Section 18: All government offices and educational institutions shall henceforth
observe the flag-raising ceremony every Monday morning and the flag lowering
ceremony every Friday afternoon. The ceremony shall be simple and dignified
and shall include the playing or singing of the Philippine National Anthem.

 Section 19:
 Section 20:
 Section 21:
 Section 22:
 Section 23: Half-mast flag as a sign of mourning
 President or former President –10 days
 Vice President, Chief Justice, President of the Senate, Speaker of the House of
Representatives –7 days

 Section 24:
 Section 25:
 Section 26:
 Section 27:
 Section 28:
 Section 29:
 Section 30:
 Section 31:
 Section 32:
 Section 33:
 Section 34: it shall be prohibited
 To mutilate, deface, defile, trample, on or cast contempt any act or omission
casting dishonor or ridicule upon the flag over its surface.
 To dip the flag to any person or object by way of compliment or salute
 To use the flag as (1) drapery, festoon, tablecloth, (2) covering for ceilings, walls,
statues or other objects, (3) pennant in the hood, side, back and top of motor
vehicles, (4) as a staff or whip, (5) unveiling monuments or statues, (6)
trademarks or for industrial, commercial or agricultural labels or designs.
 Display the flag (1) under any painting or picture, (2) horizontally face-up, (3)
below any platform, (4) in discotheques, cockpits, night and day clubs, casinos,
gambling joints and places of vice or where frivolity prevails.
 To wear the flag in whole or in part as a costume or uniform
 To print, paint or attach representation of the flag on handkerchiefs, napkins,
cushions, and other articles of merchandise
 To display in public any foreign flag, except in embassies and other diplomatic
establishments, and in offices or international organizations.
 To use, display or be part of any advertisement or infomercial
 to display the flag in front of buildings or offices occupied by aliens.

 Section 35: Lupang Hinirang

 Section 36:
 Section 37: The rendition of the National Anthem, whether played or sung, shall
be in accordance with the musical arrangement and composition of Julian Felipe.

 Section 38: As a sign of respect, all persons shall stand in attention and face the
flag if one is displayed. If none, face the band or conductor... Right palms over
their left chests.
 Section 39:
 Section 40: The national Motto shall be MAKA-DIYOS, MAKATAO,
MAKALIKASAN, MAKABANSA

 Section 41:
 Section 42:
 Section 43:
 Section 44:
 Section 45:
 Section 46:
 Section 47:
 Section 48:
 Section 49:
 Section 50: Any person or judicial entity which violates any of the provisions of this
Act shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not less than Five thousand
pesos (5,000.00) not more than Twenty thousand pesos (20,000.00), or by
imprisonment for not more than one (1) year, or both such fine and
imprisonment, at the discretion of the court: Provided, that for any second and
additional offenses, both fine and imprisonment shall always be imposed:
Provided, that in case the violation is committed by a juridical person, its
President or Chief Executive Officer thereof shall be liable.
UNIT 5
THE GOOD CITIZENSHIP VALUES

THE GOOD FILIPINO CITIZENSHIP VALUES

 Embedded in the 1987 Philippine Constitution’s PREAMBLE
We, the Sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God in order to build a just
and humane society and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations,
promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our
posterity, the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of
truth, justice, freedom, love, equality and peace, do ordain and promulgate this constitution.
 Stipulated in R.A. 8491- Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines
Section 40. The national motto shall be, “MAKA-DIYOS, MAKA-TAO,
MAKAKALIKASAN AT MAKABANSA”.

MAKA-DIYOS
 Faith in the Almighty God
 Respect for Life
 Order
 Work
 Concern for the family and future generations

MAKA-TAO
 Love
 Freedom
 Peace
 Truth
 Justice

MAKAKALIKASAN
 Concern for the environment.

MAKABANSA
 Unity
 Equality
 Respect for Law and Government’s Rule of Law
 Patriotism
 Common Good
Maka-diyos
Faith in the almighty god
As a nation, we have faith that God, will guide us in the right direction.

Respect for life

It is a call to respect your own life and the life of others. To do no harm and violence,
and to protect one another from destruction.

Order
This is adherence to discipline. Discipline the mind and the body, so that, in all
decisions and actions that we do, there is peace and harmony.

Work
…when you work you fulfil a part of earth’s furthest dream, assigned to you when the
dream was born, and in keeping yourself with labor you are in truth loving life, And to
love life through labor is to be intimate with life’s inmost secret
.... And what is it to work with love? It is to weave the cloth with threads drawn from your
heart, even as if your beloved were to wear that cloth...
-Khalil Gibran, The Prophet (Knopf, 1923)

Concern for family and the future generations

he Filipino culture is embedded in our value for our family. As a citizen of this nation, we
honor our family by honoring our nation... ‘sa isip, salita, at sa gawa’.

Maka-tao
Love
What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others. (Confucius)
Freedom
Is always linked to responsibility. We have the freedom to think and act and that will
lead us to consequences that we ought to be responsible of.

Peace
Be a peacemaker. It starts with yourself and let it radiate to the people around you.

Truth
Always prevails. Better be on the side of the truth rather than be sorry.

Justice
To give credit to where credit is due.

makakalikasan
Concern for the environment
The world is changing, and it gravely affects our environment. We, as a whole nation,
must participate in rehabilitating the earth even in our own ways, like:
 Proper waste disposal thru proper garbage segregation
 Conserve energy by observing earth hour
 Lessen our carbon monoxide emission
 Protect our marine life
 Plant more trees.

makabansa
Unity
‘Pagkaka-isa’ towards a common goal, and that is for the betterment of our nation.

Equality
Equal rights, opportunities, and protection from law

Respect for law and government’s rule of law

Respect for law and Government’s rule of law
 Recognizing and upholding the laws of the land even when someone isn’t
looking.

Patriotism
Love your country. Be Proud of it.

Common good
Aim for the good of the public.

UNIT 6
VOTER CITIZENSHIP TRAINING

Right to suffrage
Right to vote
In our country it is indicated in 3 documents:
 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
 The 1987 Philippine Constitution
These documents call for 3 things:
 Universality of the right
 Equality in access to public service
 Secrecy of votes

When do we exercise the right to suffrage?

 During elections
 Citizen-voters are entitled to FREE and INFORMED CHOICE on whom to vote.
 Your choice and decisions will determine the kind of government that will serve
the country.
  Exercising your right to suffrage should be expressed in a clean, orderly and
honest elections.

Philippine voters qualification

Who are qualified to vote?
 Citizens of the Philippines
 18 years old and above on the day of elections
 A resident of the Philippines for 1 yr. and in the city or municipality wherein he
proposes to vote for atleast 6 months before the election.
 Those not qualified by law

Overseas absentee voting

 Filipino citizens abroad
 18 years old and above on the day of the election
 Immigrants
 Permanent residents with affidavit of intent to resume residence in the
Philippines

Who are disqualified to vote in the elections?

 Person sentenced to be imprisoned for not less than one year
 Person found to have committed rebellion, sedition, violation of the anti-
subversion and firearms laws, any crime against national security or involving
disloyalty to the government
 Insane or incompetent persons

Overseas Absentee Voting Disqualifications

 Those who have lost Philippine Citizenship
 Those who have renounced their Philippine citizenship and pledged allegiance to
another country
 Those found guilty of Disloyalty (under Art. 137 of Revised Penal Code)
 Immigrants or permanent residents without affidavit of intent to resume residence
in the Philippines
How do filipino voters vote?
 Public servant image
 Political machinery
  Popularity
 Endorsement of network and organizations

Action points for citizen-voters

Before elections
 Register during the period allotted for voter registration
 Be informed of the issues, platforms and personalities of the political candidates
 Set specific guidelines in choosing government leaders in terms of the
candidates’ social affiliations and interests, competence, lifestyle, performance
records
 Conduct/ participate in public debates that would inform citizens and gain the
commitment of the candidates to integrate, the interest and welfare of the
citizens.
During elections
 Vote according to your conscience
 Protect the integrity of your own vote from any undue influence
 Volunteer in organizations that work for clean and peaceful elections
 Watch out for instances of cheating in the elections and inform the proper
authorities
Post-elections
 Be vigilant in the counting and canvassing of votes
 Attend consultations and public hearings and participate in the local special
bodies
 Legislative advocacy process where citizens talk with the lawmakers to ensure
that the concerns and welfare of the general public are included in the making of
laws
 Engage in making views known to elected representatives; support a political
party, candidate, party-list; support initiatives of NGOs for honest and peaceful
elections; RUN for OFFICE
A good government is
 One that engages citizen participation and is responsive to the needs of the
people.
Good leaders are
 Those who uphold accountability to the people and promote transparent and
people-oriented programs.
Good citizen-voters are
 Those who value their right to suffrage as to keep themselves informed, involved
and vigilant.
MODULE 2
Drugs education

a. Laws and other relevant laws leading to drug education

1. Ra 6254- the dangerous drugs act of 1972
 April 4, 1972
 Approved on: March 30, 1972
 Approved by: President Ferdinand Marcos

2. Ra 9165 – comprehensive dangerous drugs act of 2002

 Otherwise known as The Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972, as
amended, providing funds therefore, and for purposes.
 Approved on: June 7, 2002
 Approved by: President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
 Policy of the state to safeguard the integrity of its territory and the
well-being of its citizenry particularly the youth, from the harmful
effects of dangerous drugs on their physical and mental well-being,
and to defend the same against acts or omissions detrimental to
their development and preservation. In view of the foregoing the
State needs to enhance further efficacy of the law against
dangerous drugs, it being one of today’s more serious social ills.
 Article IV- discusses the participation of the family, students,
teachers, and school authorities in the enforcement of the Act.
 Section 45 of the Article – requires the Dangerous Drugs Board to
Assist heads of the Department of Education (DepEd), Commission
on Higher Education (CHED), and Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA) in the publication and distribution
of materials on dangerous drugs.
 Section 46- calls upon the Department of Interior and Local
Government (DILG), the National Youth Commission (NYC) and
the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) to
establish a Special Drug Education Center in each province in the
country. The centers must sponsor programs, activities, and
information campaigns to educate out-of-school youth and street
children regarding the destructive effect of drug abuse.
Unlawful act: 1st offense- minimum of 6 months rehabilitation in a government rehab
center
Penalty: 2nd offense- imprisonment of 6 years and 1 day to 12 years and a fine of
P50,000 to P200,000
 The total of drug users in the philippines as of March 5, 2019
 Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB)- the government agency mandated
to formulate policies on illegal drugs in the Philippines
o According to DDB, there are 1.8 million current drug users
in the Philippines, and 4.8 million Filipinos report having
used illegal drugs at least once in their lives.
 This is manifested in the significant number of drug-cleared
barangays which is 4,992 in 2018 added to the already cleared
barangays of 5,077 in 2017.
 Barangay Drug Affectation- depicts the level or extent of the drug
problem in a certain barangay, the smallest political unit.
o As of December 2018, out of the total 42,025 barangays in
the country, 22,041 or 52.42% are considered drug-affected
Profile of drug abusers
(Facility based)
Cy 2019, 2018, 2017
 Age: Mean age of 32 years old
 Sex: ratio of male to female
 Civil status: Single (51.20%)
 Status employment: Unemployed (50.06%)
 Educational attainment: High School Level (28.14%)
 Economic status: Average Family Income Php 11,265.10
 Place of residence: Urban (specifically NCR 4.81%)
 Duration of drug use: More than six (6) years
 Nature of drug taking: Mono drug use (abuse of 1 drug only)
 Drugs/substances of abuse:
o Methamphetamine Hydrochloride (Shabu)
o Cannabis (Marijuana)
o Contact Cement (Rugby)

b. Plm student manual

Section 2: general rules of discipline
c. grave offenses
5. possessions, carrying, or bringing inside the University premises any
ALCOHOLIC drink, and/or prohibited DRUGS or entering the University
premises under the influence of either or both.
1st Offence: 14 days to 25 days suspension
2nd Offense: 26 days to non-readmission or exclusion
c. Facts about drugs and their effectS
New PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES (NPS)
 New psychoactive substances
 Known in the market by terms such as:
o Designer drugs
o Legal highs
o Herbal highs
o Bath salts
o Research chemicals
o Laboratory reagents
 To promote clear terminology on this issue, United Nations Office on Drugs
and Crime (UNODC) only uses the term “new psychoactive substances
(NPS)” which are defined as “substances of abuse, either in a pure form or a
preparation, that are not controlled by the 1961 Single Convention on
Narcotic Drugs or the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, but
which may pose a public health threat”.

1. Definition of drugs
 Prevents or cures diseases or enhances physical or mental welfare
 Chemical agent that alters the biochemical or psychological
processes of tissues or organisms.

Drugs maybe:
1. Legal drugs
 Prescribed and OTC Drugs
2. Illegal drugs
 Psychoactive Substances

Psychoactive substances
 Substances that modify a person’s perception, mood, cognition,
behavior, or motor functions.

Substance abuse
 Harmful use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and
other drugs (AOD).
 The sustained use of psychoactive substances can lead to
dependence syndrome a cluster of behavioral, cognitive, and
physiological phenomena.

Understanding drug dependence typically characterized by:

  A strong desire to consume drugs
 Difficulty controlling its use
 Persistent use despite detrimental effects
 Preferences to use drugs than to other activities
 Increasing tolerance to the drug used
Addiction is progressive.
 Without intervention or treatment, it can cause disability or even
death.

based on PDEA’s intelligence and drug-related arrests. Methamphetamine

hydrochloride, locally known as shabu, is the most abused drugs in the
country, followed by cannabis or marijuana, and methylenedioxyphenol-
methamphetamine (MDMA) or ecstasy.

PRICES OF DANGEROUS DRUGS:

Based on monitoring, shabu is traded on the streets at the average price of Php
6,800.00 per gram, marijuana at Php 120.00 per gram Php40.00 per stick, and
ecstasy at Php1,700.00 per tablet.

2. Most abused drugs in the Philippines

1. Methamphetamine hcl (shabu)
 A type of methamphetamine
 Also known as poor man’s cocaince
 Other names are shabu, ubas, siopao, sha and ice.
 White, odorless crystal or crystalline powder with a bitter
numbing taste.
Other terms: Shabs, S, bato
How it is used: Snorted
Effects on the body:
 Tachycardia
 Hypertension
 Atrial
 Ventricular arrhythmias
 Chest pain
 Accelerated atherosclerosis
 Dyspnea
 Edema
 Abscess
  Cellulitis
 Seizures
 Hypotension
 Dental caries
 Periodontal abscess (meth mouth)
 Pupillary dilatation.

2. Cannabis sativa (marijuana)

 Term used to describe all the plant materials like leaves,
tops, stems, flowers, and roots from a cannabis plant
(Cannabis Sativa), dried and prepared for smoking or taken
orally as “brownies.”
Other terms: Grass, pot, reefer, and weed
How it is used: Usually smoked, baked into brownies; brewed
like tea
Effects on the body: Impairs:
 Memory
 Concentration
 Perception
 Movement

3. Methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (mdma) or ecstasy

OTHER terms: X, Molly, Happy Drug, Love Drug
How it is used: Orally in pill form
Effects on the body:
 Increased heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature
 Dehydration
 Nausea
 Muscle cramping
 Involuntary teeth clenching
 Blurred vision
 Sweating

3. Common signs of drug use

 Changes in attendance in school or work
 Irritable, discourteous, aggressive
 Blames everybody but oneself
 Poor physical appearance
 Wearing of sunglasses at inappropriate times
 Stealing items which can be readily sold
  Unusual borrowing of money from relatives and friends
 Association with known drug abuses

4. How to avoid drug use

 Understand how alcohol and drug addiction develops
 Get help if you have an alcohol or drug problem
 Avoid temptation and peer pressure
 Find support that you need
 Maintain physical wellness and mental health
 Use drugs properly
 Accept yourself
 Develop your potentials and engage in productive and fulfilling
activities
 Communicate your issues and concerns
 Learn how to cope with your problems
 Seek professional help if you feel you cannot cope with problems
 Develop strong moral and spiritual foundation
5. Effects of drug abuse
1. Person
 Medical and physical deterioration
 Respiratory, digestive, and other health problems

 Personal deterioration
 Manipulativeness
 Negative attitudes
 Selfishness
 Low frustration tolerance
 Poor family relations
 Non-trustworthiness
 Depression
 Absence of good manners and right conduct, among
others.

 Mental deterioration
 Loss of interest to productive activities
 Emotional immaturity
 No initiative for self-improvement
 Inability to concentrate
 Psychosis, among others.
  Spiritual deterioration
 Drug abusers are godless
 No spiritual beliefs
 No spiritual obligations
 No religious responsibilities.

2. Family
 Family members develop intense feelings of humiliation and
guilt
 Low self-esteem of family members
 Spirit of togetherness and unity are broken
 Domestic violence
 Loss of money or valuables

3. Community
 Increase in petty crimes within neighborhoods
 Increase of drug dependents and drug pushers
 Developing fear of drug users among residents, especially at
night
 Neighborhood association and interaction is reduced

4. Society
 Increase in heinous and anti-social crimes
 Overwhelming fear towards drug dependents, limiting
people’s movement especially at night
 Disregarding of moral values and the deterioration of the
moral fiber of society (leading to prostitution, pedophilia,
child abuse, and other immoral acts)
 A threat to national security

6. Drug treatment

1. Withdrawal management
 Medical and psychological care of patients who are
experiencing withdrawal symptoms because of ceasing or
reducing use of their drug of dependence

2. Detoxification
  The process of expelling toxins and substances from the
body and suppressing withdrawal symptoms.

3. Rehabilitation program
 Sets of medical or psychotherapeutic treatment for
dependency on psychoactive substances such as alcohol,
prescription drugs, and street drugs such as cocaine, heroin
or amphetamines.

4. Out-patient treatment
 Drug dependency treatment where the patient is not
admitted to the hospital or facility.

5. Residential rehabilitation
 Treatment programs for substance dependency provided for
patients in residential settings.

6. Follow-up aftercare
FOLLOW-UP AND LEVEL OF USE MANAGEMENT
AFTERCARE
Support services for Abstrainer Preventive
persons discharged Education
from hospitals and
rehabilitation centers
Experimenters Counseling
Occasional Users
Regular Users

Drug dependent  Drug Rehabilitation

Mentally III Chemical  Psychiatric

Abuser treatment
(Substance Induced
Psychosis)

7. Promote drug awareness and prevention programs among the youth

1. Youth camp
2. Seminars, lectures, symposia
3. Multi-efforts (through social media)
  Substance includes smoking
 Young people are more vulnerable to substance use
 Majority are non-users

The global context

 275 million people worldwide used drugs in 2020
 2019 Drug Survey- 1.67 million aged 10-69 years are current drug users.

The national context

2018 FNRI Survey
 Majority of adolescents (10-19 years old) never tried smoking (92.9%)
 Among adolescents, 16.8% were current alcohol drinkers

Drug
 Any chemical agent that alters the biochemical or physiological processes of
tissues of organisms
 Can produce a positive or negative health consequence

Medicine
 Drug with curative properties
 Positive effect when correctly taken

Substance use
 Use of psychoactive substances including tobacco and alcohol, the illegal drugs
of abuse, inhalants, and other nonmedical use of prescription medication

Substance use disorder

 Cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological signs and symptoms indicating
that the individual continues using the substance despite significant substance-
related issues.
 NOT a:
o Character flaw
o Personality disorder
 o Moral failing
 Does not use drug addiction or dependence but rather it refers to problematic
use of SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER or as a SUBSTANCE-INDUCED
DISORDER

Substance use as a spectrum

1. Hazardous use:
2. Social/interpersonal problems related to use:
3. Neglected major roles to use:
4. Withdrawal:
5. Tolerance:
6. Used larger amounts/longer:
7. Repeated attempts to quit/control use:
8. Much time using:
9. Physical/psychological problems related to use:
10. Activities given up to use:
11. Craving.
Substance use disorder severity
Mild: 2-3 criteria
Moderate: 4-5 criteria
Severe: 6 or more criteria

Theory of planned behavior (ajzen, 1985)

 beliefs and attitudes about a behavior play an important function in the decision
or intention to engage in a behavior.
Behavior- is determined by intentions to act (or not)
Three core components
1. Attitude- towards recommended behavior
 Behavioral beliefs- importance of the health issue & whether the behavior
will be effective
2. Subjective norms- felt social pressures to act
 Normative beliefs- how do others view the behavior?
3. Perceived behavioral control
 Control beliefs- self-efficacy
Etiology model of substance use

Substance use and health

Substance use disorders contribute significantly to:
 Global illness
 Disability
 Death

General health consequences of substance use

Short term:
 Changes in appetite
 Wakefulness/drowsiness
 Change in respiratory and heart rate
 Change in mood
 Slowed reaction time/ reflexes
 Nausea and vomiting
 Hallucination
 Decreased motor coordination
Long term:
 Heart or lung disease
 Cancer
 Mental illness
 HIV/AIDS
 Hepatitis
 Physical/psychological dependence
 Memory loss
 Brain damage
 Malnutrition
Can lead to substance use disorder
Note: depend on the type of substance, duration, and frequency of use

The cost of substance use

PERSONAL HEALTH- Accidents, diseases, mental illness, death
RELATIONSHIPS- marital conflict, disrupted friendships, child abuse, violence
SOCIAL FUNCTIONING- dangerous behavior, financial problem, employment difficulty,
legal problems

Why are adolescents more vulnerable to risky behavior?

Teen brain development phenomenon#1
Prefrontal cortex
 Reasoning
 Organizing, prioritizing information
 Control of impulses
Limbic system
 Physical coordination
 Emotion
 Motivation
Highest risk periods for young people
*during major transitions:
 Elementary to high school
 Junior to senior high school
 Senior high school to college/work

Role of the youth in the anti-drug campaign

 Be a role model of a health and drug-free life
 Be an upstander
 Be a positive influence on your peers
 Continue to enhance your life skills
Skills for a substance-free life
 Personal skills
1. From the causative agent
o Clean and disinfect high-touch surfaces such as doorknobs, switch,
phone, toilet seat, keyboards, etc.
o Property disposes wastes
2. From the reservoir
 o Quarantine, which limits the movement of people who are potential
carriers
o Isolation of sick people
3. From the portal of exit
o Observe cough etiquette. Cover mouth and nose with a tissue or
cough and sneeze on flexed elbow.
o Wear facial mask properly. Be sure to fully cover the mouth, nose
and chin
4. From the mode of transmission
o Frequently wash hands with soap and water.
o Observe cough etiquette and wear facial mask
o Observe physical distancing
o Disinfect high-touch surfaces
o Stay home
o Isolate probable and confirmed cases
5. From the portal of entry
o Avoid touching facial parts with unclean hands
o Health care professionals must have the necessary PPEs and they
strictly observe droplet and airborne precautions
6. From the susceptible host
 Practice immunity-boosting behaviors such as:
o Eating nutritious food (Vit C and Zinc)
o Getting enough rest and sleep
o Doing regular exercise, and
o Managing stress, the healthy way
 Decision-making skills
The DECIDE Model
Determine the problem
Explore the alternatives
Consider the consequences
Identify your values
Decide
Evaluate
 Assertiveness skills
The onfr script
Steps to assertive action You might say:
1. State your Observation When you (did, gave, said, forgot…)
2. Tell the person how it made you Feel I was (angry, disappointed, upset,
without blaming. hurt…)
3. Express your Need In that situation, I need to….
4. State your Request So please……
  Resistance/refusal skills
Basic rule:
Stay away from situation where you can be tempted
 Maintain eye contact and say no firmly
 Match verbal with non-verbal signals in refusing the offer
 Use the broken record technique
 Use the cold shoulder approach
 Give reasons or excuses
 Give healthful alternatives

Yes, we can thrive

Think positively
Harness coping skills
Reinvent yourself
Identify your purpose
Value connections
embrace change

civic awareness and response

 promotes public awareness of the hazards of dangerous drugs and will generate
social responsibility by encouraging activities such as community outreach,
special events and publication and distribution of campaign materials.
Philippine drug enforcement agency (pdea)
 agency who is responsible for efficient law enforcement of all provisions on any
dangerous drugs and/or precursors and essential chemicals.