FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

SHAH ALAM LABORATORY MANUAL

MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PRACTICE

ECM 433
OPEN-ENDED LAB
SEMESTER OCT 2021 – FEB 2022

TITLE OF EXPERIMENT : ELECTRICAL SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

DATE OF EXPERIMENT : 18/10/2021

GROUP : EC2203A5A
GROUP MEMBERS :1. NURUL ATHIRAH BINTI HISHAM (2020846704)
2. NURUL FATIN NABILA BINTI AZHAR (2020834694)
3. QAISARA AZIZAH BINTI AMRANUDIN (2020859416)
4. QISTINA WALIN BINTI MOHD AZRIN (2020859246)
5. SOLEH
LECTURER : IR. ASSRUL REEDZA BIN ZULKIFLI
LEVEL OF OPENESS: 1

MARKS COMMENTS
INTRODUCTION
BASIC CONCEPTS
METHODOLOGY
RESULTS&ANALYSIS 4 5
DISCUSSION 4 5
CONCLUSION 4 5
ORGANIZATION 4 5

TOTAL MARKS

©FKA, UiTM, SHAH May

ALAM 2013
 MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL
COURSE
ENGINEERING PRACTICE
COURSE CODE ECM 433
LEVEL OF OPENNESS 1
CATEGORY TRADITIONAL
DEGREE OF OPEN-ENDED (%) 33%
PERIOD OF ACTIVITY 1 WEEK

TITLE ELECTRICAL SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION (CO2,PO9)

1.1 Introduction

In electrical supply and distribution there is a multi-stages and equipment

involved. Generation involve several types of Power Station such as Hydro
Electric, Diesel Generator, Wind Solar, Nuclear as well as Hybrid Power
Station.
Generated power will be transfer to grid connected around Malaysia trough
Transmission line which is overhead cable supported by tower or pylon at
high voltage. The voltage initially transforms to high voltage by using
Transformer to ensure low current flow. Low current will avoid a huge loss
in transmission line which involved long distance transmission.

When the Transmission reached to the destination it will be transform to

lower voltage by using step down transformer and ready for distribution.

For example, 33KV electrical supply generated at Power Station and

transmitted at 275KV and step-down back to 33KV at any area required.
PREAMBLE
In the case of UiTM Main Intake substation which is located behind Hotel
UiTM cater 33KV voltage before it is distribute to several 11KV Substation
at various building inside UiTM.

In this laboratory activity students will be given a brief on electrical supply

inside UiTM and after briefing student have to search around UiTM the
equipment, building and location of 10(ten) component in electrical supply
inside UiTM. Student have to take photo and identified the component
given.
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
SHAH ALAM LABORATORY MANUAL

1.2 Objective
The objective of this activity is:
To determine the equipment or component involved in electrical supply
inside and outside the building and understand the function of each
component.

1.3 Learning Outcomes

At the end of the laboratory activities, students would be able to:
1. Identify the equipment and component of electrical supply.
2. Describe the function of each component.
3. Draw the flow concept of electrical supply at your
neighborhood.
4. Work in a group to undertake the task and produce the technical
report.

1.4 Theoretical Background

Theoretical back ground can be referred to introduction and notes
given in the lecture . Briefing is given in the beginning of this
exercise.
2.1 Problem Statement
PROBLEM STATEMENT The size of equipment and type of component are vary in electrical
distribution from incoming supply to the end user. Determination of
these element can help civil engineer’s to design ,construct and
maintain the facilities.
3.1 Apparatus
Students have to use their own camera and initiative such as
using their hand phone and camera.
3.2 Procedures

1. Find the location of the equipment or component given.

2. determine the distance find save location to take photo.
3. Take photo of the equipment or the component.
4. If the equipment located inside building and cannot be access
just take the photo of signboard that describe particular
WAYS & MEANS
equipment.
5. The equipment or component involve are as follow:
i. 33KV Main Intake
ii. 11KV Substation
iii. Transformer
iv. Subs-switch board (SSB)
v. Distribution Board (DB)
vi. Standby Generated Set Room
(Genset)
vii. Street Lighting Feeder Pillar (FP)
viii. Street lighting

©FKA, UiTM, SHAH ALAM May 2013

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
SHAH ALAM LABORATORY MANUAL

3.3 Data Acquisition

There is no data acquisition on this exercise but the photo, name,

size and location of equipment will be the important element.

4.1 Results, Analysis and Conclusion

Electrical Devices and Their Functions

i. 33KV Main Intake

RESULTS

The main intake substation is a Bulk Power Distribution Substation

that provides interface between the Transmission and Distribution
networks by stepping down Transmission voltage to Distribution
voltage.

ii. 11KV Substation

©FKA, UiTM, SHAH May

ALAM 2013
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
SHAH ALAM LABORATORY MANUAL
The 11kv substation collects high-voltage energy from the
producing station, then lower the voltage to a reasonable level for
local distribution and offer switching facilities.

iii. Transformer

A transformer is an electrical device that changes the voltage of a

circuit into current without changing the overall electrical power.
Transformers may be used to raise or reduce voltage, which is
known as stepping up or stepping down the voltage.

iv. Subs-switch board (SSB)

This electric switchboard serves as a conduit for electricity to flow

from one source to another. It's a set of panels with switches on
each one that allows power to be redirected.

v. Distribution Board (DB)

©FKA, UiTM, SHAH May

ALAM 2013
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
SHAH ALAM LABORATORY MANUAL

The Distribution Board is an equipment that consists of bus bars,

switches, fuse links, and automatic protective equipment, as well
as bypass equipment, for connecting, controlling, and protecting a
number of branch circuits fed from one main circuit of a wiring
installation in a building or premises for easy and safe power
supply handling.

vi. Standby Generated Set Room (Genset)

A genset is a piece of portable power equipment that consists of

an engine and an alternator/electric generator. Gensets are
commonly utilised in regions that are not connected to the
electricity grid where power outages are common. They can be
used as the primary source of energy or as a backup supply of
power, such as during high consumption hours.

vii. Street Lighting Feeder Pillar (FP)

A feeder pillar receives electrical energy from a transformer and

distribute it to several outgoing circuits such as street lanterns via
fuseways, providing each with a method of protection and control.

©FKA, UiTM, SHAH May

ALAM 2013
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
SHAH ALAM LABORATORY MANUAL
viii. Street lighting

A street lighting, also known as a streetlamp, is an elevated

source of light that provides illumination and is usually installed on
a lamp column or pole on the side of the road or within the
median, or strung on a wire above the road. Street lighting may
increase pedestrian safety, particularly at crossing sites, and can
give advantages at midblock and junction locations.

Schematic diagram of electrical supply concept

Explanation of the electrical supply scheme

Electric power distribution is the final stage in the delivery of electric power.
Electric power transmission starts at the power plant where electricity is
produced and after that, it is transmitted by wires. Electrical power is more
often than not transmitted through overhead power lines. Be that as it may,
now and then underground cables are utilized in urban regions.

Transformer, a device that transfers electric vitality from one alternating-

current circuit to one or more other circuits, either increasing (stepping up) or
decreasing (stepping down) the voltage. Transformers are utilized for broadly
shifting purposes such as to decrease the voltage of conventional power
DISCUSSION
circuits to operate low-voltage devices, such as doorbells and toy electric
trains, and to raise the voltage from electric generators so that electric power
can be transmitted over long distances.

The main switchboard (MSB) is the electrical device that is essential for the
supply, accounting, and redistribution of power. MSB secures the network
from expanding current, short circuit, and current leak. MSB is primarily
utilized in transformer substations, manufacturing plants, warehouses, offices,
and other premises.

©FKA, UiTM, SHAH May

ALAM 2013
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
SHAH ALAM LABORATORY MANUAL

A standby generator is a backup electrical system that operates

automatically. Within seconds of a utility outage, an automatic transfer switch
senses the power loss, commands the generator to begin, and after that
transfers the electrical load to the generator. The standby generator starts
supplying power to the circuits. After utility power returns, the automatic
transfer switch transfers the electrical load back to the utility and signals the
standby generator to be closed off. At that point, it returns to standby mode
where it awaits another outage. To guarantee a legitimate response to an
outage, a standby generator runs week after week self-tests. Most units run
on diesel, natural gas, or liquid propane gas.

In a conclusion, from this laboratory we learned to determine the specific

purpose and function of each electrical devices such as 33 kV Main Intake, 11
kV substation, transformer, sub-switch board, distribution board, standby
generated set room, street lighting feeder pillar and street lighting. Then,
understand the distribution system's procedure and schematic diagram for
CONCLUSION electrical distribution systems. Aside from that, understand how to distinguish
between the many types of power systems and their functions based on their
application.

Power supply and distribution are necessary for connecting the country's
various industries. For example, houses, commercial centre and industries.
The most efficient power supply and distribution contribute to cost and energy
savings. The planning of electrical power supply and distribution is important
in order to ensure that the needed demand is met and dispersed evenly. The
categories that are involved in long-term planning, as we can see from this
laboratory study. This long-term planning, in general, entails the usage itself
as well as future development considerations.

©FKA, UiTM, SHAH May

ALAM 2013
References

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