Downloaded from www.kvclasses.

com

in total (4 years each from A, B, and C) D is at 80

AVERAGE years. The original age of D = 80 − 12 = 68 years.
Hence, age of E = 72 years
AVERAGE Now, the average age of A, B, C, and D = 80 years; A +
Traditionally, average is calculated by dividing the B + C + D = 320
sum of all the numbers by the number of numbers. And average of B, C, D, and E = 78 years; B + C + D + E
= 312
(Since the average di erence between the age of A and
Average =
E is 2 years.)
Di erence (A − E) = 2 × 4 = 8 years
For example, the average of the four numbers 214, Since E = 72 years, so A = 80 years
215, 219, and 224 will be: By using central value method of averages, every
question of average can be done by mental calculation
Average = 218 only.

Central Value Meaning of Average Example 2 Average of 10 two-digit numbers is S.

However, when we reverse one of the numbers AB as
BA from the given 10 numbers, then the average
Average can also be seen as the central value of all the
becomes S + 1.8. What is the value of B − A?
given values.
Applying this definition for the above example, let us
Solution Average of 10 numbers is increasing by 1.8,
assume the central value of all the given numbers =
so it can be assumed that 1.8 has been added to all the
214
numbers.
Now, find the deviations of all the numbers from 214
Hence, BA is 1.8 × 10 = 18 more than AB.
214 215 219 224
There are so many two-digit numbers that satisfy the
When assumed central value is (214), the sum of the
above condition. Using hit and trial method, the
deviations
numbers can be 13, 24, 35, 46, 57, 68, and 79. In every
= 0 + 1 + 5 + 10
case, di erence between the digits = 2
Now, finding the average of deviations gives us
Otherwise, we can use the formula
(BA − AB) = 9 × (B − A)
= =4 Where BA and AB are two-digit numbers.
Hence, average = assumed central value + average of
deviations = 214 + 4 = 218 Example 3 The average score of Rahul Dravid after
Therefore, we can assume any value to be the 25 innings is 46 runs per innings. If after the 26th
assumed average and then find the average of all the innings, his average runs increased by 2 runs, then
deviations; and when we add all the numbers and what is his score in the 26th inning?
divide it by number of numbers, 0 is assumed to be
the central value. Solution Runs in 26th inning = Total runs after 26th
innings − Total runs after 25th innings
Example 1 Average age of A, B and C is 84 years. = 26 × 48 − 25 × 46 = 98
When D joins them the average age of A, B, C, and D
becomes 80 years. A new person E, whose age is 4 Alternatively, this question can be done by the above
years more than D, replaces A and the average age of given central value meaning of average. Since the
B, C, D, and E becomes 78 years. What is the age of A? average increases by 2 runs per innings, we can
assume that 2 runs have been added to his score in
Solution Since the average age of A, B, and C is 84 each of the first 25 innings. Now, the total runs added
years so, we can assume that age of A, B, and C is 84 in these innings have been contributed by the runs
years. scored in the 26th inning, which must be equal to 25 ×
A = 84 years 2 = 50 runs.
B = 84 years And after contributing 50 runs, his score in the 26th
C = 84 years inning is 48 runs.
After D has joined them, Hence, runs scored in the 26th inning = new average +
old innings × change in average
Initially Finally = 48 + 25 × 2 = 98
A 84 years 80 years To have a mental mapping, we can see the whole
B 84 years 80 years situation as:
C 84 years 80 years
D ….. 80 years

Decrease in the age of A, B, and C can be attributed to

Tons of Free Study Materials & E-books by www.kvclasses.com Page 1

 Downloaded from www.kvclasses.com
the increase in the age of D. So, after getting 12 years

Tons of Free Study Materials & E-books by www.kvclasses.com Page 2

 Downloaded from www.kvclasses.com

No. of Avg. 1st Avg. 1st Addition

Innings 25 innings 26 innings
1 46 48 2 1, 2, and 4; and the average =
2 46 48 2 1.Av 1, 3, and 4; and the average =
3 46 48 2 erag 2, 3, and 4; and the average =
… … … … e al
… … … … way Average of these four averages = = 2.5
… … … … s lie
25 46 48 2 s in Hence, option (a) is the answer.
bet
26 48
wee Central Value Method
n the maximum and It should be observed here that when we find the
Properties ofthe
Average
minimum value. It can be equal to the maximum or average of all the possible triplets, all the numbers (1,
minimum value if all the numbers are equal. 2, 3, 4) are added thrice. So e effectively we are adding
For example, A1, A2, A3, and A4 are four numbers 12 numbers. Hence, the average should be equal to:
given where A1 > A2 > A3 > A4. = 2.5
Average of these four numbers will always lie in Therefore, the average will be equal in all the cases.
between A1 and A4.
However, if all the four numbers are equal (A1 = A2 =
Extension to this problem The average of
A3 = A4), then the average will be equal to each of
these numbers. four positive numbers is A and the average of all the
Average = A1 = A2 = A3 = A4 possible pairs formed out of these four positive
2.Average is the resultant of net surplus and net deficit, numbers is B. Which of the following is true?
as used in the central tendency method.
3. When weights of di erent quantities are same, then (a) A = B (b) A > B
simple method is used to find the average. However, (c) A < B (d) Cannot be determined
when di erent weights of di erent quantities are taken,
then, it is known as weighted average. Here, the Some Special Cases
method of weighted average is used to find the 1. Average Involving Time, Speed, and Distance
average.For example, assume per capita income of
India is USD 500 and per capita income of US is USD Average speed =
200. Now, if we merge India and United States into
one country, then it is observed that per capita However, while solving the questions involving time,
income of this new country will not be equal to speed, and distance, we should assume some distance,
= USD 350. preferably the LCM of all the given speeds.
4. If the value of each quantity is increased or decreased
by the same value S, then the average will also Example 5 Lovely goes to Patna from New Delhi at a
increase or decrease, respeffectively, by S. speed of 40 km/h and returns with a speed of 60
5. If the value of each quantity is multiplied by the same km/h. What is her average speed during the whole
value S, then the average will also be multiplied by S. journey?
6. If the value of each quantity is divided by the same
value S (S ≠ 0), then the average will also be divided Solution Assuming that the total distance between
by S. Patna and New Delhi is 120 km (LCM of 40 and 60)
the total time taken (Patna − New Delhi and New
Example 4 The average of 4 positive numbers is A Delhi − Patna) = 3 + 2 = 5 h
and the average of all the possible triples formed out
of these four positive numbers is B. Which of the Hence, average speed = 240/5 = 48 km/h
following is true regarding A and B?
time can be calculated in the following way 2. A
(a) A = B (b) A > B 5 years 10 Now 10 yrs 5 yrs vera
(c) A < B (d) Cannot be determined ago years later later ge I
ago nvol
Solution Let us assume that the numbers are 1, 2, 3, N-5 N-10 N N+10 N+5 ving
and 4 Age
Average of 1, 2, 3, and 4:1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10/4 = 2.5 Average of a group of n persons given at any point of
The triplets are 1, 2, and 3; and the average =

Example 6 The average age of the five members of a

Tons of Free Study Materials & E-books by www.kvclasses.com Page 3

 Downloaded from www.kvclasses.com
family is 20 years. The youngest member of the family is 4 years old. At the time of his birth, the average age

Tons of Free Study Materials & E-books by www.kvclasses.com Page 4

 Downloaded from www.kvclasses.com

of the rest of the family was N years. What is the The sum of five numbers is 290.The average of the
average age of the family (in terms of N) excluding the first two numbers is 48.5 and the average of last two
youngest member? numbers is 53.5. What is the third number?
(a)72
Solution Sum of ages of all the members of the family
= 100 (b)84
Sum of ages of all the members of the family excluding (c)96
the youngest number = 100 − 4 = 96 (d)108
Hence, average age of all the members of the family (e) None of these
excluding the youngest number = 96/4 = 24 = N
The average age of the family(in terms of N) excluding Q4.
the youngest member = N + 4
The average weight of a group of 53 girls was
3. Average Involving Number System calculated as 58 kg. It was later discovered that the
Average of 1st n consecutive natural numbers weight of one of the girls was read as 65 kg. Whereas
her actual weight was 45 kg. What is the actual
= average weight of the group of 53 girls? (rounded off
For example, the average of 1st five natural numbers to two digits after decimal)
=3 (a) 58.62 kg.
The average of 1st n consecutive even natural (b) 58.37 kg.
numbers = n + 1 (c) 57.37 kg.
Sum of 1st n consecutive even natural numbers = (d) 57.62 kg.
n(n + 1) (e) None of these
For example, the average of 1st five even natural
numbers = 6
The average of 1st n consecutive odd natural Q5.
numbers = n The average marks in Science subject of a class of 20
Sum of 1st n consecutive odd natural numbers = students is 68. If the marks of two students were
n2 misread as 48 and 65 of the actual marks 72 and 61
For example, the average of 1st five odd natural respectively, then what would be the correct average?
numbers = 5 (a)68.5
(b)69
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS (c)69.5
Q1. (d)70
The average of 5 numbers is 306.4. The average of the (e)66
first two numbers is 431 and the average of the last
two numbers is 214.5.What is the third number? Q6.
(a)108 The average age of the family of five members is 24. If
(b)52 the present age of youngest member is 8 years, then
(c)321 what was the average age of the family at the time of
(d)Cannot be determined the birth of the youngest member?
(e)None of these (a) 20 years
(b) 16 years
Q2. (c) 12 years
Kamlesh bought 65 books for Rs. 1,050 from one shop (d) 18 years
and 50 books for Rs. 1,020 from another. What is the (e) 21 years
average price he paid per book?
(a)36.4 Q7.
(b)Rs. 18.20 The average of 5 numbers is 65. The average of the
(c)Rs. 24 first two numbers is 81 and the average of the last two
(d)18 numbers is 38. What is the third number?
(e) None of these (a)63
(b)87
Q3. (c)99

Tons of Free Study Materials & E-books by www.kvclasses.com Page 5

 Downloaded from www.kvclasses.com

(d)Cannot be determined
(e)None of these

Tons of Free Study Materials & E-books by www.kvclasses.com Page 6

 Downloaded from www.kvclasses.com

first four numbers is 54, what is the value of the fifth

Q8. number?
The total marks obtained by a student in Physics,
Chemistry and Mathematics together are 120 more
than the marks obtained by him in Chemistry. What is
the average marks obtained by him in Physics and
Mathematics together?
(a)60
(b)120
(c)40
(d)Cannot be determined
(e)None of these

Q9.
The average age of 80 boys in a class is 15 years, The
average age of a group of 15 boys in the class is 16
years and the average age of another 25 boys in the
class is 14 years. What is the average age of the
remaining boys in the class?
(a) 15.25 years
(b) 14 years
(c)14.75 years
(d)Cannot be determined
(e)None of these

Q10.
The average age of seven boys sitting in a row facing
North is 26 years. If the average age of first three boys
is 19 years and the average age of last three boys is 32
years, what is the age of the boy who is sitting in
middle of the row?
(a)28 years
(b) 29 years
(c) 24 years
(d) 31 years
(e) None of these

Q11.
Ram's present age is three times his son's present age
and two-fifth of his father's present age. The average
of the present age of all of them is 46 years. What is
the difference between the Ram’s son’s present age
and Ram's father's present age?
(a) 68 years
(b)88 years
(c)58 years
(d)Cannot be determined
(e)None of these

Q12.
The average, of five numbers is 56. If the average of

Tons of Free Study Materials & E-books by www.kvclasses.com Page 7

 Downloaded from www.kvclasses.com
(a)68 son's present age and Seema's father's present age?
(b)72 (a)44 years
(c)56 (b)48 years
(d)64 (c)46 years
(e)None of these (d)Cannot be determined
(e)None of these
Q13.
The average weight of 45 students in a class was Q15.
calculated as 36 kg. It was later found that the weight The sum of eight consecutive even numbers of set-A
of two students in the class was wrongly calculated. is 376. What is the sum of different set of five
The actual weight of one of the boys in the class was consecutive numbers whose lowest number is 15
32 kg but it was calculated as 34 kg and the weight of more than the mean of set-A ?
another boy in the class was 45 kg whereas it was (a)296
calculated as 40 kg. What is the actual average weight (b)320
of the 45 students in the class? (Rounded off to two- (c)324
digits after decimal), (d)284
(a)36.07 kg. (e) None of these
(b)36.16 kg.
(c)35.84 kg. Q16.
(d)Cannot be determined 16. Average score of Rahul, Manish and Suresh is 63.
(e)None of these Rahul's score is 15 less than Ajay and 10 more than
Manish. If Ajay scored 30 marks more than the
Q14. average score of Rahul, Manish and Suresh, what is
Seema's present age is four times her son's present the sum of Manish’s and Suresh’s scores ?
age and four-seventh of her father’s present age. The (a)120
average of the present age of all three of them is 32 (b)111
years. What is the difference between the Seema’s

Tons of Free Study Materials & E-books by www.kvclasses.com Page 8