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Geography Students' Guide

The document discusses key topics relating to settlement patterns and urbanization. It outlines a settlement hierarchy that ranks settlements based on size and importance. It also describes common urban land use models like the Burgess and Hoyt models that show patterns of urban growth. Issues of urbanization in MEDCs and LEDCs are examined as well, such as pollution, unemployment, and the development of slums from rural-urban migration. Case studies of cities like New York, Osaka-Kobe, and Rio de Janeiro provide examples of how urbanization can create problems and what strategies have been used to address them.

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210 views3 pages

Geography Students' Guide

The document discusses key topics relating to settlement patterns and urbanization. It outlines a settlement hierarchy that ranks settlements based on size and importance. It also describes common urban land use models like the Burgess and Hoyt models that show patterns of urban growth. Issues of urbanization in MEDCs and LEDCs are examined as well, such as pollution, unemployment, and the development of slums from rural-urban migration. Case studies of cities like New York, Osaka-Kobe, and Rio de Janeiro provide examples of how urbanization can create problems and what strategies have been used to address them.

Uploaded by

Andy Funnell
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Settlement Unit

Topic Key Points Case Studies/Examples


1. Types of The Settlement Hierarchy – be able to draw one! Pages 36-39
Settlement  As you move up the hierarchy, the settlements increases in
importance, have a higher threshold population and
therefore a wider range, greater number and better quality
services and infrastructure.
 BUT – As you move up, there is less frequency (number of
each settlement).
 Settlements that must be included – Capital City,
Conurbation, Large City, City, Large Town, Town,
Village, Hamlet.
 Know how each of these settlements are different from each
other.

Know that each settlement has a Function – e.g. port, industrial


town, coastal city, market town. This can change through time.

Be able to recognise three types of settlement – Dispersed,


Nucleated & Linear (sometimes known as a dormitory trend).

Know what Sphere of Influence is and how it works.

2. Urban Landuse Know and be able to draw the Burgess and Hoyt Models: Pages 42-43
Models  Burgess – Concentric Ring Model – Shows how an urban
areas grows and sprawls evenly outward, with the oldest
buildings closer towards the CBD, and the more modern on
the rural-urban fringe.
 Hoyt – Sector Model – Urban areas are developed in
wedges alongside main transport routes etc.

Know the 4 main areas of an urban area: Pages 44-46 – You must be
 CBD – Shops, offices, banks, high-rise buildings able to describe what each
 Inner City – Often contain industry (old) and old housing. zone is like in detail – These
 Suburbs – Newer housing with out of town entertainment pages are very good at
and facilities. doing this. Also look at
 Rural-urban Fringe – Many open spaces and Greenfield pages 48-49 which show
sites good comparisons.

3. Problems of Know and understand what urbanisation is, along with urban Pages 78-79
Urbanisation - sprawl and rural-urban migration.
MEDC  Remind yourself of the push and pull factors of rural-urban
migrants.

New York – pages 50-51 – Know the problems of urbanisation on


Manhattan Island:
 Environmental – Urban Decay, Congestion, Pollution, Water
Decay, Climate
 Economic – Unemployment, High Cost of Land
 Social – Immigration, Crime

Make sure you can describe (IN DETAIL) the issues.

4. Dealing with Know the difference between a Brownfield site and a Greenfield Pages 64-65
Urbanisation site:
 Be able to list the advantages & disadvantages of developing Osaka-Kobe – Pages 70-73 –
on both. This is a large case study
which shows a city that can
deal with the growth of
urban areas.
5. Urbanisation in Know that much of the urbanisation comes from much rural- Pages 80-81 show good
LEDCS urban migration from the surrounding rural areas. theory on this.
 Many push & pull factors for the migrants to search for a
better quality of life.

Rio de Janeiro – Pages 86-88


 Massive rural-urban migration has caused the development
of slum housing on the rural-urban fringe in Rio, giving rise
to Favelas.
 Again, know the environmental, economic and social
problems of the favelas in the city of Rio.
 Describe and explain the strategies designed to improve the
conditions and manage the problem of urbanisation.

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