WRITING TASK 1

1. DESCRIBE A PROCESS:
INTRODUCTION:
 The diagram shows/ illustrates/ demonstrates/depicts/ describes/ presents/
the process of making/ producing/ generating …/ how to make......

 A glance at the diagram delineated is a reveal / an illustration regarding the

step- by- step process/ procedure of ...

 Overview: As can be explicitly observed in the given illustration, ...... is a

complex procedure and involves .... primary stages/ phases, beginning
with… , followed by ..... , ending with ....

BODY:
 The process is initiated by...
 Initially, first of all, firstly, in the first stage
 Secondly, Next, then, after that, .... which is the next stage.
 following this stage/ in the next stage/
 subsequently/ as a subsequence
 Finally / Eventually/ In the final stage

2. DESCRIBE THE TWO MAPS:

INTRODUCTION:

 A glance at the two maps given is an illustration regarding variations to ( vật

được nói đến) + time ( nếu có đề cập trong bài).

 Overview: The initial impression from two given maps is that S+ are
significantly (slightly) changed/ transformed. ( thấy được gì đáng chú ý và
thay đổi nhiều )

BODY:

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Analysis:
In the past:
..... opposite/ next to/ near/ beside/ in front of/ behind/
at the corner of/ on the left/right of ....
( west/ east/ north/ south)
in the south of
to the south of
in the southern site of...
Whereas/ on the other hand/side/ while / although- even though- though/ by
contrast/ in contrast…
Today:

Lexical Resources:

Remove= cut down= knock down= break down= delete= demolish= xóa bỏ
Chopped down= cut down= clear (nếu là rừng cây)
Change into= replace into= turn into= transfer into ( thay đổi, chuyển thành)
Move to .... = relocate to di chuyển đi .... )
Decrease= decline= drop= get smaller= fall= go down= plummet= dip into/
in size.
Increase= rise= improve= climb= jump= peak= go up= get bigger=
enhance= enlarge= spread= extend= expand= ( mở rộng, phát triển)
Build= create= produce= make= generate ( tạo ra) = appear= erect= (xuất
hiện)

Thay thế cái mới:

Nơi nào đó + to be + demolished/ destroyed/ knocked down + to make way
for + nơi mới.
Nơi nào đó + to be + demolished// destroyed// knocked down + and replaced
by + nơi mới.
Nơi mới + to be + built/ constructed// erected + to replace + nơi cũ
Nơi mới + to be + built/ constructed// erected + on the original site of + nơi
cũ

3. DESCRIBE A LINE GRAPH, BAR CHART, PIE CHART, TABLE:

Fractions:
4% = A tiny fraction.

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24% = Almost a quarter.

25% Exactly a quarter.
26% = Roughly one quarter.
32% Nearly one-third, nearly a third.
49% = Around a half, just under a half.
50% Exactly a half.
51% = Just over a half.
73% = Nearly three quarters.
77% = Approximately three quarters, more than three-quarter.
79% = Well over three quarters.

Proportions:
2% = A tiny portion, a very small proportion.
4% = An insignificant minority, an insignificant proportion.
16% = A small minority, a small portion.
70% = A large proportion.
72% = A significant majority, A significant proportion.
89% = A very large proportion.

Format:

Introduction:
A glance at the …. given is an illustration regarding …
The … depicts/ gives a breakdown of…
Body:

Structures:

S + Verb + adv + to/by (data)

Ex: The number of students skyrocketed dramatically to exactly a quarter

(25%) in the year 2000.
S+ tobe/ Verb (show, see, witness, undergo, experience, suffer) +

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a/an+adj+noun, with the figure+ Ving (data).

Ex: The number of/ the bulk of/ the influx of/ the quantity of/ the majority of /
the figure for/ students underwent a predominant upsurge, with the figure
reaching over 35% in 2000.
A/an+adj+noun in (subject) +tobe+ V3ed ( show, see, witness, undergo,
experience, suffer) + O, Ving (data).

Ex: A predominant upsurge in the number of students was seen in the year
2000, reaching over 35%.
There+ (tobe) + a/an+ adj+ noun in (subject) , of (data)

Ex: There was a predominant upsurge in the number of students of over 35%.

Đảo cấu trúc:

The year 1999 showed a significant rise to 50% of the number of visitors

Exactly a half of visitors was witnessed a significant rise in the year 1999.

Lexical resources:

increase (v) (n), rise (v) (n), go up (v), jump (v) (n) ,upswing (n) , surge
(n) (v) , upsurge (n) , escalate (v), grow (v) , climb (v) (n), skyrocket (v)
(n)
shrink (v) (n), slump (v) (n), decline (v) (n), decrease (v) (n), go down
(v), break down (v) , dip (v), plunge (v) (n) , plummet (v), (n), Lessen
(v) Diminish (v) Reduce (v).

Fluctuate (v), change (v) (n), difference (n), ups and downs (n),
fluctuation(n), variation (n), vary (v), various (adj), an upward and
downward trend (n).
Remain +adj (unchanged/ static/ stagnated/ stagnant)
(stay, undergo, experience, see) the same/ stability/ stagnation,
Reach a plateau.

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Much Dramatically, sharply, undoubtedly, significantly, notably, noticeably,

change considerably, progressively, predominantly.

Little Slightly. Gradually, slowly, modestly, moderately

change

Chiếm Account for, make up (pie chart)

Constitute, record, occupy, reach, stand at.

Khoảng Be close to, around, nearly, approximately, roughly, almost, about.

Nhìn chung As can be observed explicitly from the chart

It is viewed explicitly that

Đối lập While, however, by/in contrast, whereas, on the other hand, looking into a
different picture.

Cao nhất reach a peak, reach a record high of, reach the highest point, reach/ hit the
largest point, the most pervasive/ popular/ prevalent, the greatest
proportion, the largest rate, the vast majority, the overwhelming majority.
Thấp nhất reach the lowest point, get down to the bottom, reach the lowest mark,
plumb the depths, bottom out, hit the rock-bottom, the all-time low at, the
least pervasive/ popular/ prevalent, the minority

From 2000 to 2010

 In/ during the/a 10-year period
 Between 2000 and 2010
 Over/ within/ throughout a period of 10 years
 In the course/passage/period of 10 years
 During a decade ( 10 years )
 In the year 2000s
 In the early 2000s (2001- 2005)

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 In the late 2000s (2005-2010)

In the next 5 years
After 5 years
In 5 years later
Over the following 5 years

MIXED:

INTRODUCTION:

The first chart depicts …. , while/ and the second chart gives a
breakdown of …

Overview: It is viewed explicitly that …. (first chart) … .We can

also see that … ( second chart) …

BODY:

At a first glance, … ( first chart analysis)...

Turning to the second chart,
When it comes to ….