YASHWANTRAO BSHONSALE POLYTECHNIC SAWANTWADI

(2021-22)

Micro-Project
On
TORSION

Submitted

In Partial Fulfillment of Requirement of Diploma in

Mechanical Engineering
Under I Scheme
Mr. Yash Dipak Parab (01)

Mr. Kaif Jamil Quarishi(04)

Mr. Vedant Prashant Satam (05)

Under The Guidance Of

Sir- Sachin Lanjekar
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD
OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
MUMBAI

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that,

Mr. Yash dipak parab (01) Enrollment No2017420062

Exam Seat No:
Mr. Kaif jamil quarishi (04) Enrollment No.2017420065
Exam Seat No:
Mr. Vedant Prashant satam (05) Enrollment No:2017420066
Exam Seat No:
Of third semester of diploma in Mechanical Engineering of institute
Yashwantrao Bhonsale Polytechnic (1742) has completed the Micro Project
satisfactorily in subject TORSION in Strength of Materials (22306) for the
academic year 2021 to 2022 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: Sawantwadi Date: .. /……/2021

Subject Teacher HOD Principal

Seal of
Institute
 INDEX

Sr No. Topic Page no.

1.0 Introduction 1

2.0 Properties 2-5

3.0 Sample calculation 6-9

4.0 Conclusion 9

5.0 Reference 10
 Annexure – I

Micro-Project Proposal

COMPILE DIFFERENT

Aims/Benefits of the micro project

Aim- To study in detail about torsion

Benefits- Understand the working of torsion in mechanics

Course outcomes Addresses –

1. Cite examples of Modern manufacturing Technology in industry

Program outcomes -

1. Basic Knowledge: An ability to apply knowledge of basic mathematics, science and

engineering to solve engineering problems
2. Discipline Knowledge: An ability to apply discipline –specific knowledge to solve core
and/or applied engineering problems.
3. Individual and team effort: Function effectively as an individual and as a member or
leader in diverse/multidisciplinary teams.
4. Communication: An ability to communicate effectively
5. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have preparation and ability to engage
in independent and lifelong learning in the context of technological changes.
Proposed Methodology-

• Information search on introduction torsion

• Information search on How torsion works
• Data Research on Products manufactured by
• Data Research on Future of torsion
• Planning of Micro project report
• Doing strategic plan for starting of micro project report
• Distribution of work among all the group members
• Research on torsion
• Research on products manufactured by torsion
• Editing of document and doing all the Necessary corrections

Action plan

Planned Planned Name of responsible

Sr. Details of activity
start date Finish date Team members
No.
Research on Google
1. Yash parab

Vedant satam/
2. Planning of the report Yash parab

Distribution of work among Kaif quraishi/

3.
group members Yash parab
Vedant satam/
4. Collection of data
Yash parab
Completion of report and Vedant satam/
5.
Presenting the report Kaif quraishi
Editing / Corrections/ Vedant satam /
6.
Improvements Yash parab
Resources required-

Sr no. Name of Resource/Material Specifications Qty Remarks

1. Latest Version 1
Microsoft Word Document

2. Internet Connection - -

Name of team members with Roll No.-

NAME ROLL NO.

Mr. Yash dipak parab 01

Mr. Kaif jamil quraishi 04

Mr. Vedant prashant satam 05

1
 ❖ INTRODUCTION

In the field of torsion is the twisting of an object due to an applied . Torsion is expressed in
either the (Pa), an SI unit for newtons per square metre, or in (psi) while torque is expressed
in (N·m) or (ft·lbf). In sections perpendicular to the torque axis, the resultant in this section
is perpendicular to the radius.

Torsion of a square section bar

In non-circular cross-sections, twisting is accompanied by a distortion called warping, in
which transverse sections do not remain plane. For shafts of uniform cross-section
unrestrained against warping, the torsion is:

where:

• T is the applied torque or moment of torsion in Nm.

• (tau) is the maximum shear stress at the outer surface

• JT is the for the section. For circular rods, and tubes with constant wall thickness, it is equal
to the polar moment of inertia of the section, but for other shapes, or split sections, it can be
much less. For more accuracy, (FEA) is the best method. Other calculation methods
include and shear flow approximation.
• r is the perpendicular distance between the rotational axis and the farthest point in the section
(at the outer surface).
• ℓ is the length of the object to or over which the torque is being applied.
• φ (phi) is the angle of twist in
• G is the shear modulus, also called the , and is usually given in (GPa), (psi), or lbf/ft2 or in
ISO units N/mm2.
• The product JTG is called the wT.

❖ Properties-

The shear stress at a point within a shaft is:

{\displaystyle \tau _{\varphi _{z}}={Tr \over J_{\text{T}}}}{\displaystyle \tau _{\varphi

_{z}}={Tr \over J_{\text{T}}}}
Note that the highest shear stress occurs on the surface of the shaft, where the radius is
maximum. High stresses at the surface may be compounded by stress concentrations such as
rough spots. Thus, shafts for use in high torsion are polished to a fine surface finish to reduce
the maximum stress in the shaft and increase their service life .

The angle of twist can be found by using:

{\displaystyle \varphi _{}={\frac {T\ell }{GJ_{\text{T}}}}.}{\displaystyle \varphi

_{}={\frac {T\ell }{GJ_{\text{T}}}}.} 2
 ❖ Sample calculation-

Calculation of the steam turbine shaft radius for a turboset:

Assumptions:

• Power carried by the shaft is 1000 MW; this is typical for a large nuclear power plant.
• Yield stress of the steel used to make the shaft (τyield) is: 250 × 106 N/m2.
• Electricity has a frequency of 50 HZ; this is the typical frequency in Europe. In North
America, the frequency is 60 Hz.

The angular frequency can be calculated with the following formula:

The torque carried by the shaft is related to the power by the following equation:

The angular frequency is therefore 314.16 rad/s and the torque 3.1831 × 106 N.m. The
maximal torque is:

After substitution of the torsion constant, the following expression is obtained:

The diameter is 40 cm. If one adds a factor of safety of 5 and re-calculates the radius with the
maximum stress equal to the yield stress/5, the result is a diameter of 69 cm, the approximate
size of a turboset shaft in a nuclear power plant.

❖ Failure mode-

The shear stress in the shaft may be resolved into principal stresses via Mohr's circle If the
shaft is loaded only in torsion, then one of the principal stresses will be in tension and the
other in compression. These stresses are oriented at a 45-degree helical angle around the
shaft. If the shaft is made of brittle material, then the shaft will fail by a crack initiating at the
surface and propagating through to the core of the shaft, fracturing in a 45-degree angle 3
helical shape. This is often demonstrated by twisting a piece of blackboard chalk between
one's fingers.
In the case of thin hollow shafts, a twisting buckling mode can result from excessive torsional
load, with wrinkles forming at 45° to the shaft axis.

❖ Conclusion-
It was found that torsion test produced considerably higher shear modulus and shear strength
of timber joists than design values provided from the testing agencies. This signifies that
torsion test may be a better approach to evaluate the shear modulus and shear strength of
timber joists.

❖ References-
Seaburg, Paul; Carter, Charles (1997). Torsional Analysis of Structural Steel Members. .
p. 3.
^ Case and Chilver "Strength of Materials and Structures
^ Fakouri Hasanabadi, M.; Kokabi, A.H.; Faghihi-Sani, M.A.; Groß-Barsnick, S.M.;
Malzbender, J. (October 2018). "Room- and high-temperature torsional shear strength of
solid oxide fuel/electrolysis cell sealing material". Ceramics International. 45 (2): 2219–
2225.