Renna Xandria D.
Cabilao BSA-3
VIDEO TASK 3
Ferdinand E. Marcos
10th President of the Republic of the Philippines
(December 30, 1965-February 25, 1986)
His first term was marked with increased industrialization and the creation of
solid infrastructures nationwide, such as the North Luzon Expressway and
the Maharlika Highway.
Marcos' second term was marked by economic turmoil brought about by factors
both external and internal, a rising crime rate and growing Communist
insurgency.
Violent protesting continued over the next few years until the declaration of
martial law in 1972. The event was popularly known as the First Quarter Storm.
Martial Law (1972 – 1981). Marcos curtailed press freedom and other civil
liberties, abolished Congress, controlled media establishments, and ordered the
arrest of opposition leaders and militant activists, virtually turning the Philippines
into a totalitarian dictatorship
Marcos third term constitutionally allowed him to have another six-year term.
The end of the Marcos regime when Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino
Jr. was assassinated at the Manila International Airport upon his return to the
Philippines after a long period of exile in the United States. Marcos was one of
the accused of Benigno’s death.
Hundreds of thousands of Filipinos gathered to protest President Ferdinand
Marcos and his claim that he had won re-election over Corazon Aquino. This is
the start of People power revolution that surprised and inspired anti-authoritarian
activists around the world.
Corazon C. Aquino
11th President of the Republic of the Philippines
(February 25, 1986 – June 30, 1992)
Was known as the “mother of democracy”
The triumph of the peaceful People Power Revolution and the ascension of
Corazon Aquino to the Philippine presidency signaled the end of authoritarian
rule in the Philippines and the dawning of a new era for the nation.
One of Aquino's first and boldest moves was the creation of the Presidential
Commission on Good Government (PCGG)
Aquino, being a revolutionary president by virtue of people power, repealed &
abolished repressive laws under her predecessor, restored civil liberties,
abolished the 1973 "Marcos Constitution" and dissolved the Marcos allies,
loyalists, supporters-dominated Batasang Pambansa.
Aquino issued Proclamation No. 3, which established a revolutionary government
She abolished the 1973 Constitution that was in force during martial law, and
instead promulgated the provisional 1986 Freedom Constitution, pending the
ratification of a new Constitution by the people.
She immediately created a Constitutional Commission, which she directed for the
drafting of a new constitution for the nation.
Aquino promulgated two landmark legal codes, namely, the Family Code of
1987, which reformed the civil law on family relations, and the Administrative
Code of 1987, which reorganized the structure of the executive branch of
government.
She also moved quickly to tackle the issue of the US$26 billion foreign debt
incurred by her predecessor.
President Aquino issued Presidential Proclamation 131 and Executive Order 229
on July 22, 1987, which outlined her land reform program, which included sugar
lands
In 1988, with the backing of Aquino, the new Congress of the
Philippines passed Republic Act No. 6657, more popularly known as the
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law. The law paved the way for the
redistribution of agricultural lands to tenant-farmers from landowners.
The country experienced daily power disruptions during a period of her
administration.
During her last two years in office, President Aquino's administration faced series
of natural disasters and calamities such as Earthquake and Typhoons.
Fidel V. Ramos
12th President of the Republic of the Philippines
(June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1998)
The first few years of his administration were characterized by economic
boom, technological development, political stability and efficient delivery of basic
needs to the people.
When Ramos was elected in May 1992, the Philippines had been experiencing
widespread rotating power outages.
During his State of the Nation address on July 27, 1992, he requested that
the Congress enact a law that would create an Energy Department to plan and
manage the Philippines' energy sector. Congress not only created
the Department of Energy, but gave the president special emergency powers to
resolve the power crisis
Ramos issued licenses to independent power producers (IPP) to provide
additional power plants within 2 years.
During Ramos' term, the Philippines became a pioneer in the use of Build-
Operate-Transfer (BOT) schemes to spur development.
He was instrumental in the signing of the final peace agreement between the
government and the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) led by Nur Misuari.
Philippine discovered a primitive Chinese military structure on Mischief Reef in
the Spratly Islands.
The Philippine government issued a formal protest over China's occupation of the
reef and the Philippine Navy arrested sixty-two Chinese fishermen at Half Moon
Shoal, eighty kilometers from Palawan.
A week later, following confirmation from surveillance pictures that the structures
were of military design, President Fidel Ramos had the military forces in the
region strengthened. He ordered the Philippine Air Force to dispatch five F-5
fighters backed by four jet trainers and two helicopters, while the navy sent two
additional ships.
The small incidents could have triggered a war in the South China Sea.
Asian Financial Crisis resulted to the shutdown of some businesses, a decline in
importation, a rise in unemployment rate and an unstable financial sector.
However, Philippines easily recovered from the crisis.
Under the leadership of Fidel V. Ramos, Philippines was known as the next
Economic Tiger of Asia.
Joseph Ejercito Estrada
13th President of the Republic of the Philippines
(June 30, 1998 – January 20, 2001)
During the Ramos administration a cessation of hostilities agreement was signed
between the Philippine Government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)
in July 1997. This was continued by a series of peace talks and negotiations in
Estrada administration.
Despite the agreements, a sequence of terrorist attacks on the Philippine military
and civilians still continued.
Estrada declared an "all-out war" against the MILF.
For the next three months of the war, Camp Abubakar, headquarters of the MILF,
fell along with other 13 major camps and 43 minor camps, and then all of which
became under controlled by the government.
Estrada faced controversial such as corruption charges and impeachment
complaint.
The impeachment suit was brought to the Senate and Estrada pleaded "not
guilty".
On January 16, 2001, the impeachment court voted not to open an envelope that
allegedly contained incriminating evidence against Estrada simply because it was
not part of the impeachment complaint.
Anti-Estrada protesters gathered in front of the EDSA Shrine at Epifanio de los
Santos Avenue, not too far away from the site of the 1986 People Power
Revolution that overthrew Ferdinand Marcos.
By the end of Estrada's administration, debt supposedly reached P 2.1 trillion.
Domestic debt supposedly amounted to P 986.7 billion while foreign debt stood
at US$52.2 billion.
The fiscal deficit had reportedly doubled to more than P 100 billion from a low of
P 49 billion in 1998.
Despite such setbacks, the GDP by 1999 posted a 3.2 percent growth rate, up
from a low of −0.5 percent in 1998.
Moreover, domestic investments started to increase from 18.8% of GDP in 1999
to 21.2% of GDP in 2000.
