Project N° Unit Document Code Serial N° Rev.

Page
0000 MS 1450 01 0 2/14

GENERAL CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION

FOR ASPHALT ROADS

1. GENERAL
The present document or drawing is property of TECHNIP and shall not, under any circumstances, be totally or partially, directly or undirectly, transferred, reproduced, copied, disclosed

This standard defines the requirements asphalt roads and car parks pavements as far
or used, without its prior written consent, for any purpose and in any way other than that for which it is specifically furnished or outside the extent of the agreed upon right of use.

as quality of materials, methods of execution and field inspection and quality control
are concerned.

Works pertaining to an industrial plant ruled by the present standard, but not limited to,
are the following:
§ main roads
§ secondary roads
§ unit access ways
§ patrol roads
§ car parking areas

Scope of work, supply conditions, specific Subcontract terms, additional requirements

and provisions shall be specified in the Special Technical Specification MS to be
released for the Project Subcontract.

Unless otherwise specified in the civil work subcontract, parties of the present standard
here after designated as Field Management and Main Contractor are intended being
respectively TECHNIP Field Management and TECHNIP.

2. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

The following documents have to be considered as an integral part of this standard as

well as their addenda, updating and references:

2.1. Specifications

0000 MS 1440.01 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION FOR

EARTHMOVING AND ROUGH GRADING
0000 MS 1470.01 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION FOR
UNDERGROUND SYSTEMS
0000 MS 1700.01 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION FOR
CONCRETE WORKS

2.2. Codes, Industry Standards and Specifications

a) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO):

- AASHTO M 145 Classification System for Soils
- AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavements

b) Asphalt Institute (AI):

- MS-2 Design Method for Asphalt Concrete and other Hot-Mix Types.
- MS-4 Asphalt Handbook.
 Project N° Unit Document Code Serial N° Rev. Page
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GENERAL CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION

FOR ASPHALT ROADS

- SS-1 Model Construction Specifications for Asphalt Concrete and Other Plant-
The present document or drawing is property of TECHNIP and shall not, under any circumstances, be totally or partially, directly or undirectly, transferred, reproduced, copied, disclosed

Mix Types.
- SS-2 Specifications for Pavings and Industrial Asphalt.
or used, without its prior written consent, for any purpose and in any way other than that for which it is specifically furnished or outside the extent of the agreed upon right of use.

2.2.1. Testing Standards - American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):

ASTM C 131 Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size

Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles
Machine
ASTM D 692 Standard Specification for Coarse Aggregate for Bituminous
Paving Mixtures
ASTM D 1073 Standard Specification for Fine Aggregate for Bituminous
Paving Mixtures
ASTM D 1196 Standard Test Method for Non-repetitive Static Plate Load
Tests of Soils and Flexible Pavement Components, for Use in
Evaluation and Design of Airport and Highway Pavements.
ASTM D 1556 Standard Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the Sand
Cone Method.
ASTM D 1557 Standard Test Method for Moisture-Density Relations of Soils
and Soil Aggregate Mixtures using 4.54 kg (10 lb) Rammer and
a 457 mm (18 in.) Drop.
ASTM D 1559 Standard Test Method for Resistance to Plastic Flow of
Bituminous Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus.
ASTM D 1883 Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Laboratory-
Compacted Soils.
ASTM D 3203 Test method for air voids.
ASTM D 3515 Standard Specifications for Hot-Mixed, Hot-Laid Bituminous
Paving Mixtures.
 Project N° Unit Document Code Serial N° Rev. Page
0000 MS 1450 01 0 4/14

GENERAL CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION

FOR ASPHALT ROADS
The present document or drawing is property of TECHNIP and shall not, under any circumstances, be totally or partially, directly or undirectly, transferred, reproduced, copied, disclosed

3. ROAD DEFINITION AND DESCRIPTION

or used, without its prior written consent, for any purpose and in any way other than that for which it is specifically furnished or outside the extent of the agreed upon right of use.

Road cross sections as well as material specification and thickness shall be in

accordance with construction drawings.
Unless otherwise specified in other subcontract documents, the following definitions
shall be taken into account in order to identify the various roads inside project battery
limits.

3.1. Main Roads

Main roads shall be 8.0m wide and shall consist of two lanes 4.0m wide. Shoulders
1.5m wide shall be provided on both sides.
Heavy traffic and 10.0m minimum internal curve radius shall be considered (external
edge of lane).

3.2. Secondary Roads

Secondary Roads shall be 6.0m wide and shall consist of two lanes 3.0m wide.
Shoulders 1.0m wide shall be provided on both sides.
Normal traffic and 10.0m minimum internal curve radius shall be considered (external
edge of lane).

3.3. Units Access Ways

Unless otherwise required by project specifications, these roads shall be 6.0m wide.
Controlled access for vehicle maintenance and 10.0m minimum internal curve radius
shall be considered (external edge of lane).

3.4. Patrol Roads

Patrol roads shall be 4.0m wide and shall be single lane.

Unrestricted vehicular traffic and 6.0m minimum internal curve radius shall be
considered.
These roads shall be without surfacing.

3.5. Slope of Roads

Main and secondary roads shall be of two-sloped cross profile. Slope shall be 2% with
the high point on the axis of the road. Shoulders shall be sloped 4%.
Longitudinal maximum slope of roads subject to normal vehicle and truck traffic shall
be 5% except for ramps and access ways to units that shall be according to
construction drawings.
 Project N° Unit Document Code Serial N° Rev. Page
0000 MS 1450 01 0 5/14

GENERAL CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION

FOR ASPHALT ROADS
The present document or drawing is property of TECHNIP and shall not, under any circumstances, be totally or partially, directly or undirectly, transferred, reproduced, copied, disclosed

4. MATERIALS
or used, without its prior written consent, for any purpose and in any way other than that for which it is specifically furnished or outside the extent of the agreed upon right of use.

All materials, workmanship and testing shall be in accordance with the following
paragraphs. The Subcontractor shall arrange materials and equipment supply.

Deviations to the quality of materials and their handling as specified in this standard
shall be submitted to Main Contractor approval.

4.1. Sub-base

Road foundation shall be with site excavation selected soil, material type A1 or A-3
according to AASHTO classification compacted up to 95% MDD.
Minimum California bearing ratio as defined by ASTM D 1883 shall be 30%.

4.2. Base Course

Road base course shall be with site excavation selected soilif suitable and complying
with material type A-1 or A3 according to AASHTO classification, compacted up to
95% MDD.
Minimum California bearing ratio as defined by ASTM D 1883 shall be 60%.

4.3. Emulsion, Binder and Wearing Course

Asphalt materials shall be as in compliance with ASTM D 3515 for paving mixes. Type
and grade of asphalt cement or emulsion shall be as defined by SS-1 and SS-2
specifications

Corrected soils by addition of lime or cement may be used for base and sub-base shall
be according to AASHTO Guide. The mixture shall be established according to soil
report recommendations for use of excavated soils and a minimum of 30 kg per cubic
meter of lime or cement addition shall be considered.
 Project N° Unit Document Code Serial N° Rev. Page
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GENERAL CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION

FOR ASPHALT ROADS

5. WORK EXECUTION
The present document or drawing is property of TECHNIP and shall not, under any circumstances, be totally or partially, directly or undirectly, transferred, reproduced, copied, disclosed

5.1. Subgrade preparation

or used, without its prior written consent, for any purpose and in any way other than that for which it is specifically furnished or outside the extent of the agreed upon right of use.

Road subgrade preparation shall consist of cleaning and compaction at least to 95% of
maximum dry density as per ASTM D 1557
Minimum California bearing ratio as defined by ASTM D 1883 shall be 30%.

Subgrade preparation works and the relevant sampling and testing operations shall be
carried out in compliance with the “General Construction Specification for
Earthmoving”.

Where unsatisfactory soils or soft pockets are found at road structure bottom level they
shall be removed and filled with suitable granular compacted aggregate.
Fine grading of subgrade shall be performed with suitable equipment. Low areas shall
be filled with adequate aggregate mixtures to achieve the required bearing capacity
and the specified cross and longitudinal profiles.

Any irregularity resulting from unsatisfactory execution or excessive traffic during

construction stage has to be corrected before laying higher courses. These works shall
be at Subcontractor expense.

Before placing of foundation base course material, excavation and subgrade

preparation shall be subject to the approval of the Construction Management.

5.2. Graded aggregate layers

Gradation, aggregate size limits and mixture properties after compaction, such as
liquid limit and plastic index, shall comply with the requirements of ASTM D 2940.
Such mix curve shall be subject to Construction Management approval.
Material resulting from general excavation, to be conditioned as required, shall be
available at site in Subcontractor stockpile.

5.2.1. Sub-base course requirements

Road foundation shall be with site excavation selected soil, material type A1 or A-3
according to AASHTO classification compacted up to 95% MDD.
Minimum California bearing ratio as defined by ASTM D 1883 shall be 30% and it shall
be spread immediately above subgrade.
The following specific requirements shall be observed:

• maximum particle size shall be half layer depth;

• minimum CBR shall be 15%;
• minimum degree of compaction shall be 95% as per ASTM D 1556.
 Project N° Unit Document Code Serial N° Rev. Page
0000 MS 1450 01 0 7/14

GENERAL CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION

FOR ASPHALT ROADS
The present document or drawing is property of TECHNIP and shall not, under any circumstances, be totally or partially, directly or undirectly, transferred, reproduced, copied, disclosed

5.2.2. Base course requirements

or used, without its prior written consent, for any purpose and in any way other than that for which it is specifically furnished or outside the extent of the agreed upon right of use.

Road base course shall be with site excavation selected soil, material type A-1 or A3
according to AASHTO classification compacted up to 95% MDD.
Minimum California bearing ratio as defined by ASTM D 1883 shall be 60%.

Base course shall be spread immediately under binder layer.

The following specific requirements shall be observed:
• maximum particle size shall be half layer depth;
• minimum CBR shall be 30%
• minimum degree of compaction shall be 95% as per ASTM D 1556.

Works for sub-base and base course shall be performed as follows.

a) Before each work is started subgrade top level shall be cleaned of foreign
material or debris and finished surface shall not have deviations from the
required profile.
b) Aggregate mixing shall be performed to achieve satisfactory uniform blending.
c) Materials shall be shipped and placed avoiding aggregate segregation.
d) Material shall be spread in layers not exceeding 150 mm depth loose. During this
stage aggregate moisture content shall be maintained at the optimum
compaction content.
e) Concrete foundation and curbs, if any, shall be placed before base course is
spread. Bottom elevation of kerb foundation shall not be higher than sub-base
top level. Sub-base course shall be 300 mm wider than base course on each side
of the road.
f) Compaction shall be performed with suitable roller or vibrating equipment
keeping layers at optimum compaction moisture content.
g) Subcontractor shall make adjustments of finishing to give finished level as per
construction drawings or as Construction Management may required.
h) Subcontractor, at his own expense, shall correct any surface irregularity resulting
by construction traffic.

Sub-base and base course construction shall be subject to Construction Management

approval before asphalt concrete works are commenced.
 Project N° Unit Document Code Serial N° Rev. Page
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GENERAL CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION

FOR ASPHALT ROADS
The present document or drawing is property of TECHNIP and shall not, under any circumstances, be totally or partially, directly or undirectly, transferred, reproduced, copied, disclosed

5.3. Asphalt pavements

or used, without its prior written consent, for any purpose and in any way other than that for which it is specifically furnished or outside the extent of the agreed upon right of use.

Asphalt concrete works shall consist of the following stages:

a) surface preparation;
b) application of bitumen emulsion prime coat;
c) application of hot bituminous paving mixtures for binder and wearing course;
d) conglomerate compaction;
e) paving protection.

Bituminous conglomerate shall be placed in adequate layers achieving the requested

thickness after compaction and providing the specified slope for drainage.

Asphalt concrete shall be prepared in accordance with ASTM D 3515.

Subcontractor shall provide all documents requested by the Construction Management
in order to qualify the bituminous conglomerate.

Subcontractor shall repair any damage or irregularity, caused by equipment and traffic
and occurred before road work approval, at his own expense.

5.3.1. Materials for asphalt pavements

a) Bituminous materials

Asphalt cement and bitumen emulsion shall comply with the requirements of
Asphalt Institute SS-1 and SS2. The quantity of asphalt cement in bitumen
conglomerate shall not be less than 4% in weight of total mixture and however
shall be in accordance with ASTM D 3515.
Penetration grade of asphalt cement shall be at least 70.

b) Aggregates

The aggregates shall be crushed stone, crushed gravel, crushed slag, natural or
manufactured sand and filler. Aggregates shall consist of the following:

- coarse aggregate, retained at No. 8 (2.36 mm) sieve as per Asphalt

Institute, shall be angular shape, solid, sound, durable and washed
particles conforming to ASTM D 692. Not less than 50% in weight of total
aggregate in bitumen conglomerate shall consist of crushed aggregate
namely pieces having one or more faces produced by fracture;
- fine aggregate, passing at No. 8 (2.36 mm) sieve, shall consist of natural or
manufactured sands or a combination between these two sand types. Fine
aggregate shall be cleaned from loam, clay, organic matter or any other
coating material and shall conform to ASTM D 1073;
- filler shall consist of No. 200 (75 µm) passing mineral material as per
Asphalt Institute. Filler shall consist of pulverized limestone, stone dust,
 Project N° Unit Document Code Serial N° Rev. Page
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GENERAL CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION

FOR ASPHALT ROADS

portland cement or other non-plastic mineral material in rate of 65% at

The present document or drawing is property of TECHNIP and shall not, under any circumstances, be totally or partially, directly or undirectly, transferred, reproduced, copied, disclosed

least of total No. 200 sieve passing.

or used, without its prior written consent, for any purpose and in any way other than that for which it is specifically furnished or outside the extent of the agreed upon right of use.

c) Gradation
Binder and wearing course gradation shall respectively conform to one of mix
designations included in Table 1 of ASTM D 3515 for open mixtures and dense
mixtures.

5.3.2. Work Execution

a) Surface preparation
Surface preparation shall consist of removal of all dirt, loose and foreign material
and debris immediately before bitumen emulsion applying.

b) Prime coat
Cutback asphalt for prime coat shall conform to ASTM D 2027(medium-curing
MC-30 type).
Bitumen emulsion shall be sprayed in rate of 1.5 litre per m² of base course.
Bitumen emulsion shall be applied in rate of 1.0 litre per m² of binder.
Where depressions are found after spraying, uniform fine sand layer shall be
placed to give suitable and required profile.

c) Transportation
Transportation from mixing plant shall be performed with clean, covered and
insulated (depending on weather conditions) trucks. However during shipping
after plant mix operations, conglomerate temperature shall be in the range
between 120° and 150° Centigrade..

d) Placing
At the time of spreading bituminous mix temperature shall be at least 120°
Centigrade.
Spreading operations shall be carried out with pavers or suitable spreading
equipment.
Spreading speed shall be adjusted to place regularly the thickness so that the
finished layer after compaction shall be in accordance with construction
drawings. Minimum thickness to be spread shall be 30 mm.

e) Conglomerate compaction
Spread conglomerate shall be compacted as soon as laid with mechanical
rollers.
During compaction wheels shall be moistened with water and the number of
passes shall not be less than 6.
During rolling operation mix material displacement shall be avoided with suitable
speed and rolling patterns. If rolling operation causes displacement of material
the removal and replacement of conglomerate shall be provided.
Accuracy shall be adopted when edges, transverse and longitudinal joints have
to be rolled to provide a smooth riding surface.
 Project N° Unit Document Code Serial N° Rev. Page
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GENERAL CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION

FOR ASPHALT ROADS

Where rollers passes are not possible compaction shall be performed with
The present document or drawing is property of TECHNIP and shall not, under any circumstances, be totally or partially, directly or undirectly, transferred, reproduced, copied, disclosed

vibrating tampers or suitable equipment approved by the Construction

Management.
or used, without its prior written consent, for any purpose and in any way other than that for which it is specifically furnished or outside the extent of the agreed upon right of use.

Rolling operation shall continue until roller marks are eliminated and density is at
least 95% of maximum laboratory density.

f) Paving protection
Heavy equipment’s, rollers included, shall not stand on compacted layers before
they are cooled.
However traffic shall not be permitted after last compaction until paving is cold
and hardened.
 Project N° Unit Document Code Serial N° Rev. Page
0000 MS 1450 01 0 11/14

GENERAL CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION

FOR ASPHALT ROADS
The present document or drawing is property of TECHNIP and shall not, under any circumstances, be totally or partially, directly or undirectly, transferred, reproduced, copied, disclosed

6. QUALITY INSPECTION AND TESTING

or used, without its prior written consent, for any purpose and in any way other than that for which it is specifically furnished or outside the extent of the agreed upon right of use.

6.1. General

Material supply and installation as well as work compliance shall be checked with the
procedures set in the relevant project inspection and co-ordination procedures and as
specified in the following sections of this standard.
The quality inspections shall be carried out whenever the asphalt conglomerate
production is performed. Quality file shall be made available to Field Management at all
times.

6.2. Sampling, Testing and Inspection

Subcontractor shall inform about to select a quality inspection agency or laboratory for
work acceptance test, sampling, material testing etc. to perform field quality assurance
program.

Subcontractor shall submit laboratory and on site tests results to the Main Contractor’s
approval.

Inspection and testing of works and materials that either showed being faulty at routine
checks or for which the actual strength is unknown are not covered by this standard.

6.3. Subgrade

Subgrade shall be tested with density tests as per ASTM D 1556 and ASTM D 1557.
The following tests shall be carried out:

a) one density test in situ as per ASTM D 1556 for each 500 m² of soil prepared as
subgrade and for each layer of compacted material;
b) one density test as per ASTM D 1557 for each 500 m² of soil to be used as
subgrade.

6.4. Sub-base and base courses

At least the following minimum inspection tests shall be perform

ed:
a) one density test on site as per ASTM D 1556 and one density laboratory test as
per ASTM D 1557 or modified AASHTO each 250 m² of spread and compacted
aggregate course;
b) one CBR test every 500 m² of spread and compacted aggregate course places;
c) one screen analysis, one liquid limit test and one plastic limit test as per
AASHTO T 89/T 90 or ASTM D 4318 each 2500 m² of spread and compacted
aggregate courses placed;
d) random smoothness tests (surface of compacted courses shall not have
deviation higher than 3 cm; bigger deviations shall be corrected by Subcontractor
at his own expense removing, replacing and compacting the material;
 Project N° Unit Document Code Serial N° Rev. Page
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GENERAL CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION

FOR ASPHALT ROADS

e) one thickness control after compaction each 500 m² with a tolerance of 10 mm.
The present document or drawing is property of TECHNIP and shall not, under any circumstances, be totally or partially, directly or undirectly, transferred, reproduced, copied, disclosed

All the in situ and laboratory test results for the above described inspections shall be
or used, without its prior written consent, for any purpose and in any way other than that for which it is specifically furnished or outside the extent of the agreed upon right of use.

prepared and immediately submitted to the Construction Management’s approval when

the tests are completed.

6.5. Asphalt pavements

The following tests shall be carried out in order to verify the compliance with the design
thickness, the paving and bituminous mixtures minimum requirements:

a) one temperature test for each delivered truck load to be recorded and noticed to
the Construction Management;

b) one thickness test each 400 m² of paving with tolerance of 10 mm. Where test
result is unsatisfactory Subcontractor shall remove and replace the material for
the whole course depth at his own expense;

c) random smoothness test with 3 m length straightedge. Irregularities shall not

exceed 10 mm;
d) one density test, one percent air voids test as per ASTM D 3203 and one
Marshall stability test each 400 m² of placed mixture.

Bituminous mixture properties shall comply with the following values:

TEST CONGLOMERATE
BINDER COURSE WEARING COURSE
Marshall stability ≥ 7 kN ≥ 8 Kn
Air voids percentage 3% ≤ p ≤ 7% 3% ≤ p ≤ 5%
Voids percentage filled with bitumen ≥ 60% ≥ 70%

The submission of the laboratory tests results for Construction Management approval
shall be responsibility of Subcontractor. The results shall be informed as soon as the
results are available.
 Project N° Unit Document Code Serial N° Rev. Page
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GENERAL CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION

FOR ASPHALT ROADS
The present document or drawing is property of TECHNIP and shall not, under any circumstances, be totally or partially, directly or undirectly, transferred, reproduced, copied, disclosed

7. OTHER WORKS RELATED WITH ASPHALT ROADS

or used, without its prior written consent, for any purpose and in any way other than that for which it is specifically furnished or outside the extent of the agreed upon right of use.

7.1. Kerbs

Usually kerbs shall not be provided along plant roads. Whereas required, e.g. in
building areas where sidewalk is provided, they shall be made in reinforced precast
concrete.

7.2. Road shoulder

Unless otherwise specified on construction drawings, road shoulder supply and

installation shall consist of well-graded crushed stone, 15 cm thick layers, and it shall
be in accordance with 0000 MS 1440.01. Type A1 aggregate with size between 10 and
50 mm and 15% passing to No. 200 sieve.

7.3. Guard-rails

Usually guard-rails shall not be provided along plant roads. Whereas required, e.g. for
personnel protection on elevated road crossings, they shall be according to project
requirements.

7.4. Drainage

Road drainage shall generally consist of side ditches and trenches. These works may
be either concrete lined or earth ditches according to project specification.
These works shall be carried out in accordance with 0000 MS 1470.01 “General
Construction Specification for Underground Systems”.
 Project N° Unit Document Code Serial N° Rev. Page
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GENERAL CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION

FOR ASPHALT ROADS
The present document or drawing is property of TECHNIP and shall not, under any circumstances, be totally or partially, directly or undirectly, transferred, reproduced, copied, disclosed

8. UNITS OF MEASURE
or used, without its prior written consent, for any purpose and in any way other than that for which it is specifically furnished or outside the extent of the agreed upon right of use.

Calculations and drawings for all works covered by this specification shall be carried
out using International System Units (S.I.).
In particular, the following units shall be used:
• Length* : meter m
millimeter mm
• Area : square meter m²
square millimeter mm²
• Force : Newton N
KiloNewton kN
• Mass : Kilogram kg
• Pressure : KiloPascal kPa = kN/m²
MegaPascal MPa = N/mm²
• Density : Kilogram per
cubic meter kg/m3
• Specific weight : KiloNewton
per cubic meter kN/ m3
• Temperature : degree Celsius °C