LMV931 Single / LMV932 Dual / LMV934 Quad 1.

8V, RRIO Operational Amplifiers

December 2002

LMV931 Single / LMV932 Dual / LMV934 Quad

1.8V, RRIO Operational Amplifiers
General Description Features
The LMV931/LMV932/LMV934 are low voltage, low power (Typical 1.8V Supply Values; Unless Otherwise Noted)
operational amplifiers. LMV931/LMV932/LMV934 are guar- n Guaranteed 1.8V, 2.7V and 5V specifications
anteed to operate from +1.8V to +5.0V supply voltages and n Output swing
have rail-to-rail input and output. LMV931/LMV932/LMV934 — w/600Ω load 80mV from rail
input common mode voltage extends 200mV beyond the — w/2kΩ load 30mV from rail
supplies which enables user enhanced functionality beyond n VCM 200mV beyond rails
the supply voltage range. The output can swing rail-to-rail
n Supply current (per channel) 100µA
unloaded and within 105mV from the rail with 600Ω load at
n Gain bandwidth product 1.4MHz
1.8V supply. The LMV931/LMV932/LMV934 are optimized to
work at 1.8V which make them ideal for portable two-cell n Maximum VOS 4.0mV
battery powered systems and single cell Li-Ion systems. n Ultra tiny packages
LMV931/LMV932/LMV934 exhibit excellent speed-power ra- n Temperature range −40˚C to 125˚C
tio, achieving 1.4MHz gain bandwidth product at 1.8V supply
voltage with very low supply current. The LMV931/LMV932/ Applications
LMV934 are capable of driving a 600Ω load and up to n Consumer communication
1000pF capacitive load with minimal ringing. LMV931/ n Consumer computing
LMV932/LMV934 have a high DC gain of 101dB, making
n PDAs
them suitable for low frequency applications.
n Audio pre-amp
The single LMV931 is offered in space saving SC70-5 and
n Portable/battery-powered electronic equipment
SOT23-5 packages. The dual LMV932 are in MSOP-8 and
n Supply current monitoring
SOIC-8 packages and the quad LMV934 are in TSSOP-14
and SOIC-14 packages. These small packages are ideal n Battery monitoring
solutions for area constrained PC boards and portable elec-
tronics such as cellular phones and PDAs.

Typical Application

200326H0

© 2002 National Semiconductor Corporation DS200326 www.national.com

LMV931 Single / LMV932 Dual / LMV934 Quad
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) Infrared or Convection (20 sec) 235˚C
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
Operating Ratings (Note 1)
ESD Tolerance (Note 2) Supply Voltage Range 1.8V to 5.0V

Machine Model 200V Temperature Range −40˚C to 125˚C

Human Body Model 2000V Thermal Resistance (θJA)

Differential Input Voltage ± Supply Voltage SC70-5 414˚C/W

+
Supply Voltage (V –V ) −
5.5V SOT23-5 265˚C/W

Output Short Circuit to V+ (Note 3) MSOP-8 235˚C/W

Output Short Circuit to V− (Note 3) SOIC-8 175˚C/W

Storage Temperature Range −65˚C to 150˚C TSSOP-14 155˚C/W

Junction Temperature (Note 4) 150˚C SOIC-14 127˚C/W

Mounting Temp.

1.8V DC Electrical Characteristics

Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TJ = 25˚C. V+ = 1.8V, V − = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VO = V+/2 and
RL > 1 MΩ. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. See (Note 10)
Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Units
(Note 6) (Note 5) (Note 6)
VOS Input Offset Voltage LMV931 (Single) 1 4 mV
6
LMV932 (Dual) 1 5.5 mV
LMV934 (Quad) 7.5
TCVOS Input Offset Voltage Average 5.5 µV/˚C
Drift
IB Input Bias Current 15 35 nA
50
IOS Input Offset Current 13 25 nA
40
IS Supply Current (per channel) 103 185
µA
205
CMRR Common Mode Rejection LMV931, 0 ≤ VCM ≤ 0.6V 60 78
Ratio 1.4V ≤ VCM ≤ 1.8V (Note 8) 55
LMV932 and LMV934 55 76
0 ≤ VCM ≤ 0.6V 50 dB
1.4V ≤ VCM ≤ 1.8V (Note 8)
−0.2V ≤ VCM ≤ 0V 50 72
1.8V ≤ VCM ≤ 2.0V
PSRR Power Supply Rejection 1.8V ≤ V+ ≤ 5V 75 100 dB
Ratio 70
CMVR Input Common-Mode Voltage For CMRR TA = 25˚C V− −0.2 −0.2 to 2.1 V+ +0.2
Range Range ≥ 50dB TA −40˚C to V −
V+
V
85˚C
TA = 125˚C V− +0.2 V+ −0.2
AV Large Signal Voltage Gain RL = 600Ω to 0.9V, 77 101
LMV931 (Single) VO = 0.2V to 1.6V, VCM = 0.5V 73
dB
RL = 2kΩ to 0.9V, 80 105
VO = 0.2V to 1.6V, VCM = 0.5V 75
Large Signal Voltage Gain RL = 600Ω to 0.9V, 75 90
LMV932 (Dual) VO = 0.2V to 1.6V, VCM = 0.5V 72
dB
LMV934 (Quad) RL = 2kΩ to 0.9V, 78 100
VO = 0.2V to 1.6V, VCM = 0.5V 75

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 LMV931 Single / LMV932 Dual / LMV934 Quad
1.8V DC Electrical Characteristics (Continued)
Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TJ = 25˚C. V+ = 1.8V, V − = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VO = V+/2 and
RL > 1 MΩ. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. See (Note 10)
Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Units
(Note 6) (Note 5) (Note 6)
VO Output Swing RL = 600Ω to 0.9V 1.65 1.72
VIN = ± 100mV 1.63
0.077 0.105
0.120
V
RL = 2kΩ to 0.9V 1.75 1.77
VIN = ± 100mV 1.74
0.024 0.035
0.04
IO Output Short Circuit Current Sourcing, VO = 0V 4 8
VIN = 100mV 3.3
mA
Sinking, VO = 1.8V 7 9
VIN = −100mV 5

1.8V AC Electrical Characteristics

Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TJ = 25˚C. V+ = 1.8V, V −
= 0V, VCM = V+/2, VO = V+/2 and RL > 1 MΩ.
Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. See (Note 10)
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units
(Note 6) (Note 5) (Note 6)
SR Slew Rate (Note 7) 0.35 V/µs
GBW Gain-Bandwidth Product 1.4 MHz
Φm Phase Margin 67 deg
Gm Gain Margin 7 dB
en Input-Referred Voltage Noise f = 1kHz, VCM = 0.5V 60

in Input-Referred Current Noise f = 1kHz 0.06

THD Total Harmonic Distortion f = 1kHz, AV = +1 0.023 %

RL = 600Ω, VIN = 1 VPP
Amp-to-Amp Isolation (Note 9) 123 dB

2.7V DC Electrical Characteristics

Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TJ = 25˚C. V+ = 2.7V, V − = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VO = V+/2 and
RL > 1 MΩ. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. See (Note 10)
Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Units
(Note 6) (Note 5) (Note 6)
VOS Input Offset Voltage LMV931 (Single) 1 4 mV
6
LMV932 (Dual) 1 5.5 mV
LMV934 (Quad) 7.5
TCVOS Input Offset Voltage Average 5.5 µV/˚C
Drift
IB Input Bias Current 15 35 nA
50
IOS Input Offset Current 8 25 nA
40
IS Supply Current (per channel) 105 190
µA
210

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LMV931 Single / LMV932 Dual / LMV934 Quad
2.7V DC Electrical Characteristics (Continued)
Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TJ = 25˚C. V+ = 2.7V, V − = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VO = V+/2 and
RL > 1 MΩ. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. See (Note 10)
Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Units
(Note 6) (Note 5) (Note 6)
CMRR Common Mode Rejection LMV931, 0 ≤ VCM ≤ 1.5V 60 81
Ratio 2.3V ≤ VCM ≤ 2.7V (Note 8) 55
LMV932 and LMV934 55 80
0 ≤ VCM ≤ 1.5V 50 dB
2.3V ≤ VCM ≤ 2.7V (Note 8)
−0.2V ≤ VCM ≤ 0V 50 74
2.7V ≤ VCM ≤ 2.9V
PSRR Power Supply Rejection 1.8V ≤ V+ ≤ 5V 75 100 dB
Ratio VCM = 0.5V 70
VCM Input Common-Mode Voltage For CMRR TA = 25˚C V− −0.2 −0.2 to 3.0 V+ +0.2
Range Range ≥ 50dB TA = −40˚C to V−
V+
V
85˚C
TA = 125˚C V− +0.2 V+ −0.2
AV Large Signal Voltage Gain RL = 600Ω to 1.35V, 87 104
LMV931 (Single) VO = 0.2V to 2.5V 86
dB
RL = 2kΩ to 1.35V, 92 110
VO = 0.2V to 2.5V 91
Large Signal Voltage Gain RL = 600Ω to 1.35V, 78 90
LMV932 (Dual) VO = 0.2V to 2.5V 75
dB
LMV934 (Quad) RL = 2kΩ to 1.35V, 81 100
VO = 0.2V to 2.5V 78
VO Output Swing RL = 600Ω to 1.35V 2.55 2.62
VIN = ± 100mV 2.53
0.083 0.110
0.130
V
RL = 2kΩ to 1.35V 2.65 2.675
VIN = ± 100mV 2.64
0.025 0.04
0.045
IO Output Short Circuit Current Sourcing, VO = 0V 20 30
VIN = 100mV 15
mA
Sinking, VO = 0V 18 25
VIN = −100mV 12

2.7V AC Electrical Characteristics

Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TJ = 25˚C. V+ = 2.7V, V − = 0V, VCM = 1.0V, VO = 1.35V and
RL > 1 MΩ. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. See (Note 10)
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units
(Note 6) (Note 5) (Note 6)
SR Slew Rate (Note 7) 0.4 V/µs
GBW Gain-Bandwidth Product 1.4 MHz
Φm Phase Margin 70 deg
Gm Gain Margin 7.5 dB
en Input-Referred Voltage Noise f = 1kHz, VCM = 0.5V 57

in Input-Referred Current Noise f = 1kHz 0.082

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 LMV931 Single / LMV932 Dual / LMV934 Quad
2.7V AC Electrical Characteristics (Continued)
Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TJ = 25˚C. V+ = 2.7V, V − = 0V, VCM = 1.0V, VO = 1.35V and
RL > 1 MΩ. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. See (Note 10)
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units
(Note 6) (Note 5) (Note 6)
THD Total Harmonic Distortion f = 1kHz, AV = +1
0.022 %
RL = 600kΩ, VIN = 1VPP
Amp-to-Amp Isolation (Note 9) 123 dB

5V DC Electrical Characteristics
Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TJ = 25˚C. V+ = 5V, V − = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VO = V+/2 and
RL > 1 MΩ. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. See (Note 10)
Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Units
(Note 6) (Note 5) (Note 6)
VOS Input Offset Voltage LMV931 (Single) 1 4 mV
6
LMV932 (Dual) 1 5.5 mV
LMV934 (Quad) 7.5
TCVOS Input Offset Voltage Average 5.5 µV/˚C
Drift
IB Input Bias Current 14 35 nA
50
IOS Input Offset Current 9 25 nA
40
IS Supply Current (per channel) 116 210
µA
230
CMRR Common Mode Rejection 0 ≤ VCM ≤ 3.8V 60 86
Ratio 4.6V ≤ VCM ≤ 5.0V (Note 8) 55
dB
−0.2V ≤ VCM ≤ 0V 50 78
5.0V ≤ VCM ≤ 5.2V
PSRR Power Supply Rejection 1.8V ≤ V+ ≤ 5V 75 100 dB
Ratio VCM = 0.5V 70
CMVR Input Common-Mode Voltage For CMRR TA = 25˚C V− −0.2 −0.2 to 5.3 V+ +0.2
Range Range ≥ 50dB TA = −40˚C to V− V+
V
85˚C
TA = 125˚C V− +0.3 V+ −0.3
AV Large Signal Voltage Gain RL = 600Ω to 2.5V, 88 102
LMV931 (Single) VO = 0.2V to 4.8V 87
dB
RL = 2kΩ to 2.5V, 94 113
VO = 0.2V to 4.8V 93
Large Signal Voltage Gain RL = 600Ω to 2.5V, 81 90
LMV932 (Dual) VO = 0.2V to 4.8V 78
dB
LMV934 (Quad) RL = 2kΩ to 2.5V, 85 100
VO = 0.2V to 4.8V 82
VO Output Swing RL = 600Ω to 2.5V 4.855 4.890
VIN = ± 100mV 4.835
0.120 0.160
0.180
V
RL = 2kΩ to 2.5V 4.945 4.967
VIN = ± 100mV 4.935
0.037 0.065
0.075

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LMV931 Single / LMV932 Dual / LMV934 Quad
5V DC Electrical Characteristics (Continued)
Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TJ = 25˚C. V+ = 5V, V − = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VO = V+/2 and
RL > 1 MΩ. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. See (Note 10)
Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Units
(Note 6) (Note 5) (Note 6)
IO Output Short Circuit Current LMV931, Sourcing, VO = 0V 80 100
VIN = 100mV 68
mA
Sinking, VO = 5V 58 65
VIN = −100mV 45

5V AC Electrical Characteristics
Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TJ = 25˚C. V+ = 5V, V − = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VO = 2.5V and
R L > 1 MΩ. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. See (Note 10)
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units
(Note 6) (Note 5) (Note 6)
SR Slew Rate (Note 7) 0.42 V/µs
GBW Gain-Bandwidth Product 1.5 MHz
Φm Phase Margin 71 deg
Gm Gain Margin 8 dB
en Input-Referred Voltage Noise f = 1kHz, VCM = 1V 50

in Input-Referred Current Noise f = 1kHz 0.07

THD Total Harmonic Distortion f = 1kHz, AV = +1 0.022 %

RL = 600Ω, VO = 1 V PP

Amp-to-Amp Isolation (Note 9) 123 dB

Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is
intended to be functional, but specific performance is not guaranteed. For guaranteed specifications and the test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics.
Note 2: Human body model, 1.5kΩ in series with 100pF. Machine model, 200Ω in series with 100pF.
Note 3: Applies to both single-supply and split-supply operation. Continuous short circuit operation at elevated ambient temperature can result in exceeding the
maximum allowed junction temperature of 150˚C. Output currents in excess of 45mA over long term may adversely affect reliability.
Note 4: The maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(MAX) , θJA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is
PD = (TJ(MAX)–T A)/θJA. All numbers apply for packages soldered directly into a PC board.
Note 5: Typical Values represent the most likely parametric norm.
Note 6: All limits are guaranteed by testing or statistical analysis.
Note 7: V+ = 5V. Connected as voltage follower with 5V step input. Number specified is the slower of the positive and negative slew rates.
Note 8: For guaranteed temperature ranges, see Input Common-Mode Voltage Range specifications.
Note 9: Input referred, V+ = 5V and RL = 100kΩ connected to 2.5V. Each amp excited in turn with 1kHz to produce VO = 3VPP.
Note 10: Electrical Table values apply only for factory testing conditions at the temperature indicated. Factory testing conditions result in very limited self-heating
of the device such that TJ = TA. No guarantee of parametric performance is indicated in the electrical tables under conditions of internal self-heating where TJ > TA.
See Applications section for information of temperature derating of the device. Absolute Maximum Ratings indicated junction temperature limits beyond which the
device may be permanently degraded, either mechanically or electrically.

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 LMV931 Single / LMV932 Dual / LMV934 Quad
Connection Diagrams
5-Pin SC70-5/SOT23-5 8-Pin MSOP/SOIC 14-Pin TSSOP/SOIC
(LMV931) (LMV932) (LMV934)

200326AO
Top View

200326G12 200326G13

Top View Top View

Ordering Information
Package Part Number Packaging Marking Transport Media NSC
Drawing
LMV931MG 1k Units Tape and Reel
5-Pin SC70 A74 MAA05A
LMV931MGX 3k Units Tape and Reel
LMV931MF 1k Units Tape and Reel
5-Pin SOT23 A79A MF05A
LMV931MFX 3k Units Tape and Reel
LMV932MM 1k Units Tape and Reel
8-Pin MSOP A86A MUA08A
LMV932MMX 3.5k Units Tape and Reel
LMV932MA Rails
8-Pin SOIC LMV932MA M08A
LMV932MAX 2.5k Units Tape and Reel
LMV934MT Rails
14-Pin TSSOP LMV934MT MTC14
LMV934MTX 2.5k Units Tape and Reel
LMV934MA Rails
14-Pin SOIC LMV934MA M14A
LMV934MAX 2.5k Units Tape and Reel

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LMV931 Single / LMV932 Dual / LMV934 Quad
Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, VS = +5V, single supply,
TA = 25˚C.
Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage (LMV931) Sourcing Current vs. Output Voltage

20032622
20032625

Sinking Current vs. Output Voltage Output Voltage Swing vs. Supply Voltage

20032628 20032649

Output Voltage Swing vs. Supply Voltage Gain and Phase vs. Frequency

20032650 200326G8

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 LMV931 Single / LMV932 Dual / LMV934 Quad
Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, VS = +5V, single supply,
TA = 25˚C. (Continued)

Gain and Phase vs. Frequency Gain and Phase vs. Frequency

200326G9 200326G10

Gain and Phase vs. Frequency CMRR vs. Frequency

20032639
200326G11

PSRR vs. Frequency Input Voltage Noise vs. Frequency

20032656 20032658

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LMV931 Single / LMV932 Dual / LMV934 Quad
Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, VS = +5V, single supply,
TA = 25˚C. (Continued)

Input Current Noise vs. Frequency THD vs. Frequency

20032666
20032667

THD vs. Frequency Slew Rate vs. Supply Voltage

20032669
20032668

Small Signal Non-Inverting Response Small Signal Non-Inverting Response

20032670 20032671

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 LMV931 Single / LMV932 Dual / LMV934 Quad
Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, VS = +5V, single supply,
TA = 25˚C. (Continued)

Small Signal Non-Inverting Response Large Signal Non-Inverting Response

20032672 20032673

Large Signal Non-Inverting Response Large Signal Non-Inverting Response

20032674 20032675

Short Circuit Current vs. Temperature (Sinking) Short Circuit Current vs. Temperature (Sourcing)

20032676
20032677

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LMV931 Single / LMV932 Dual / LMV934 Quad
Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, VS = +5V, single supply,
TA = 25˚C. (Continued)

Offset Voltage vs. Common Mode Range Offset Voltage vs. Common Mode Range

20032636 20032637

Offset Voltage vs. Common Mode Range

20032638

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 LMV931 Single / LMV932 Dual / LMV934 Quad
Application Note
1.0 INPUT AND OUTPUT STAGE
The rail-to-rail input stage of this family provides more flex-
ibility for the designer. The LMV931/LMV932/LMV934 use a
complimentary PNP and NPN input stage in which the PNP
stage senses common mode voltage near V− and the NPN
stage senses common mode voltage near V+. The transition
from the PNP stage to NPN stage occurs 1V below V+. Since
both input stages have their own offset voltage, the offset of
the amplifier becomes a function of the input common mode
voltage and has a crossover point at 1V below V+.
This VOS crossover point can create problems for both DC
and AC coupled signals if proper care is not taken. Large
input signals that include the VOS crossover point will cause
distortion in the output signal. One way to avoid such distor-
tion is to keep the signal away from the crossover. For
example, in a unity gain buffer configuration and with VS =
5V, a 5V peak-to-peak signal will contain input-crossover
distortion while a 3V peak-to-peak signal centered at 1.5V
will not contain input-crossover distortion as it avoids the
crossover point. Another way to avoid large signal distortion
is to use a gain of −1 circuit which avoids any voltage
excursions at the input terminals of the amplifier. In that
circuit, the common mode DC voltage can be set at a level
away from the VOS cross-over point. For small signals, this
transition in VOS shows up as a VCM dependent spurious 20032659
signal in series with the input signal and can effectively
degrade small signal parameters such as gain and common FIGURE 1. Canceling the Offset Voltage due to Input
mode rejection ratio. To resolve this problem, the small Bias Current
signal should be placed such that it avoids the VOS cross-
over point. In addition to the rail-to-rail performance, the
output stage can provide enough output current to drive Typical Applications
600Ω loads. Because of the high current capability, care
should be taken not to exceed the 150˚C maximum junction 3.0 HIGH SIDE CURRENT SENSING
temperature specification.
The high side current sensing circuit (Figure 2) is commonly
used in a battery charger to monitor charging current to
2.0 INPUT BIAS CURRENT CONSIDERATION
prevent over charging. A sense resistor RSENSE is connected
The LMV931/LMV932/LMV934 family has a complementary to the battery directly. This system requires an op amp with
bipolar input stage. The typical input bias current (IB) is rail-to-rail input. The LMV931/LMV932/LMV934 are ideal for
15nA. The input bias current can develop a significant offset this application because its common mode input range goes
voltage. This offset is primarily due to IB flowing through the up to the rail.
negative feedback resistor, RF. For example, if IB is 50nA
and RF is 100kΩ, then an offset voltage of 5mV will develop
(VOS = IB x RF). Using a compensation resistor (RC), as
shown in Figure 1, cancels this effect. But the input offset
current (IOS) will still contribute to an offset voltage in the
same manner.

200326H0

FIGURE 2. High Side Current Sensing

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LMV931 Single / LMV932 Dual / LMV934 Quad
Typical Applications (Continued) In Figure 3 the circuit is referenced to ground, while in Figure
4 the circuit is biased to the positive supply. These configu-
4.0 HALF-WAVE RECTIFIER WITH RAIL-TO-GROUND rations implement the half wave rectifier since the LMV931/
OUTPUT SWING LMV932/LMV934 can not respond to one-half of the incom-
Since the LMV931/LMV932/LMV934 input common mode ing waveform. It can not respond to one-half of the incoming
range includes both positive and negative supply rails and because the amplifier can not swing the output beyond either
the output can also swing to either supply, achieving half- rail therefore the output disengages during this half cycle.
wave rectifier functions in either direction is an easy task. All During the other half cycle, however, the amplifier achieves a
that is needed are two external resistors; there is no need for half wave that can have a peak equal to the total supply
diodes or matched resistors. The half wave rectifier can have voltage. RI should be large enough not to load the
either positive or negative going outputs, depending on the LMV931/LMV932/LMV934.
way the circuit is arranged.

200326C4

200326C2
200326C3

FIGURE 3. Half-Wave Rectifier with Rail-To-Ground Output Swing Referenced to Ground

200326C1

200326B9
200326C0

FIGURE 4. Half-Wave Rectifier with Negative-Going Output Referenced to VCC

5.0 INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER WITH voltages. Remember that even with rail-to-rail outputs, the
RAIL-TO-RAIL INPUT AND OUTPUT output can not swing past the supplies so the combined
Some manufactures make a non-“rail-to-rail”-op amp rail-to- common mode voltages plus the signal should not be
rail by using a resistive divider on the inputs. The resistors greater that the supplies or limiting will occur. For additional
divide the input voltage to get a rail-to-rail input range. The applications, see National Semiconductor application notes
problem with this method is that it also divides the signal, so AN–29, AN–31, AN–71, and AN–127.
in order to get the obtained gain, the amplifier must have a
higher closed loop gain. This raises the noise and drift by the
internal gain factor and lowers the input impedance. Any
mismatch in these precision resistors reduces the CMRR as
well. The LMV981/LMV982 is rail-to-rail and therefore
doesn’t have these disadvantages.
Using three of the LMV981/LMV982 amplifiers, an instru-
mentation amplifier with rail-to-rail inputs and outputs can be
made as shown in Figure 5.
In this example, amplifiers on the left side act as buffers to
the differential stage. These buffers assure that the input
impedance is very high and require no precision matched
resistors in the input stage. They also assure that the differ-
200326G4
ence amp is driven from a voltage source. This is necessary
to maintain the CMRR set by the matching R1-R2 with R3-R4.
FIGURE 5. Rail-to-rail Instrumentation Amplifier
The gain is set by the ratio of R2/R1 and R3 should equal R1
and R4 equal R2. With both rail-to-rail input and output
ranges, the input and output are only limited by the supply

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 LMV931 Single / LMV932 Dual / LMV934 Quad
Simplified Schematic

200326A9

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LMV931 Single / LMV932 Dual / LMV934 Quad
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters)
unless otherwise noted

5-Pin SC70
NS Package Number MAA05A

5-Pin SOT23
NS Package Number MF05A

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 LMV931 Single / LMV932 Dual / LMV934 Quad
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)

8-Pin MSOP
NS Package Number MUA08A

8-Pin SOIC
NS Package Number M08A

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LMV931 Single / LMV932 Dual / LMV934 Quad
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)

14-Pin TSSOP
NS Package Number MTC14

14-Pin SOIC
NS Package Number M14A

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 LMV931 Single / LMV932 Dual / LMV934 Quad 1.8V, RRIO Operational Amplifiers
Notes

LIFE SUPPORT POLICY

NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT
DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL
COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein:
1. Life support devices or systems are devices or 2. A critical component is any component of a life
systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant support device or system whose failure to perform
into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of
whose failure to perform when properly used in the life support device or system, or to affect its
accordance with instructions for use provided in the safety or effectiveness.
labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a
significant injury to the user.
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National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.