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Exam Duration: 2 hours

NAME: ............................................. WRITTEN EXAM: ....... / 100 :,
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·SURNAME: ..................................... ORAL EXAM : ....... / 100
NUMBER: .......................................

PART A: Circle the most suitable answer. (40 x 1 = 40 points)

1. __ surprised me most was that they were so cheerful about their loss.
A) What 8) It C) That D) The fact

2. __ the Mona Lisa, Leonardo Da Vinci is regarded as one of the best painters of all time.
A) Being painted 8) Having painted C) To paint D) That he painted

3. Many students did not realize that class ---- what the professor had said.
A) had ended because they discussed C) was ending because they discussed
8) had ended because they were discussing D) was ending because they have been discussing

4. Today's world __ different in many aspects if World War I and World War II had not happened.
A) would have been 8) were C) would be D) were to be

5. In October 1962, the American Telephone and Telegraph Company launched Telstar, __ communications
satel!ite fo transmit telephone signals.
A) it was the first B) first it was the C) that was the first D) the first

6. Although detectives were too busy __ with another case, they had to go to the crime scene of a murder that
took place in North Carolina when they were called.
A) to deal B) to have dealt C) to be dealt D) to have been dealt

7. Unfortunately, in patients with diabetes, improvement in survival .has been __ than half as much as in the
general population.
A) much B) fewer C) less D) more

a. __ studies showing the benefits of zinc are still not conclusive, its popularity is spreading to other parts of
the world.
A) In spite 8) Since C) �tevertheless D) Although

· 9. The administrator did not know what he should do about the applicaiion, so he asked his colleagues __ to .·
approve the application or not.
A) whether B) that C) why D) if

1 o.. Five percent of people who go to restaurants frequently claim they prefer eating out because
.
they do not know
'
how __.
to cook B) to be cooked C) about cooking D) cooking it
 1 t The skin _. _ at least once every day with a mild soap or cleansing product.
A)·· should have washed C} should be wash�d
· . B) should wash D) should be washing
or
·. 12. This week, our reporters are planning to interview people __ a traumatic event such as a natural disaster
an act of terrorism.
A) to whom experienced C) who have experienced
8) which experienced D) all of which experienced

13. Doctors advise patients __ their hearts tested in either hospitals or traditional health care settings.
A) getting B) to get C) get D) to have got

14. Spanish explorer Hernon Cortes named the area on the west coast of America __ he visited in the first half
of the sixteenth century 'California'.
A) whose B) when C) who D) ---

15. __ several complaints by local residents, the Mayor put more plans to remove the waste left behind by
tourists in the city parks into action.
A) Having received. B) He has received C) To receive D) Being received

16. Not until 1989 __ to create a replica of the Z1, which was a mechanical calculator with limited
programmability.
A) Zuse was able C) was Zuse able
B) that Zuse was able D) that was Zuse able

17. Since the first high-speed trains of the 1970s, designers have come up with many innovations __ trains go
faster and faster.
A) due to making C) in order to make
B) in spite of making D) so that to make

18. Like airline passengers, train passengers could benefit from studies __ information about whether they are
relaxed or stressed.
A) to provide B) providing C) provided D) being provided

19. Although some people have __ money to survive on their own, they never ask others for help and they try to
. make ends meet.
A) too little B) hard enough C) a bit little D) very much

. 20. As long as you get your degree from an accredited university, you can earn just __ money with an online
. degree as you can with a degree from a traditional campus college.
· cqnsidertibly more B) as much C) quite as many D) fewer
. 2 1. A comparison between chimpanzee and human genomes in 2001 showed that 98.77% of DNA base pairs of
human beings are __ those in chimpanzees .
. A) like with B) the same as C) alike in D) just as

22. More than 2000 years ago, Aristotle wondered why_ looking at the sun, and he guessed that it was due to
the heat of the sun on a person's nose.
A) sneezing and C) a person sneezes when
B) does sneezing and looking D) does a person sneeze when

23. The attachment period of a relationship, in which two major hormones are involved, keeps couples together
__ for them to have and raise children.
A) enough long B) so long that C) long enough D) the longer

24. All the villagers living in the area around the volcano __ the village when the volcano showed signs of a
probable eruption.
A) made to evacuate C) were making to evacuate
B) were made to evacuate D) so that they could evacuate

25. Gandhi's birthday on the second of October is __ public holiday in India and, at the same time, it is the
International Day of Non-Violence all over __ world.
A) a / the B) a / an C) the / an D) _ / the

26. During his term as Secretary General, Annan earned praise for working tirelessly to benefit third world
countries; __, he was involved in some scandals, such as his son receiving large payments in the Oil-for­
Food Program, which benefited Iraq.
A) to illustrate C) as a matter of fact
B) nevertheless D) besides

27. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer among men and women, and it accounts __ about half of
all cancer diagnoses. Over one million Americans are diagnosed with skin cancer each year.
A) by B) for C) in D) on

28. We don't have much time to solve the problem. Someone had better __ an idea soon.
A)· end up B) bring on C) get down to D) come up with

29: Some readers are really __ about the novels they buy. They spend hours in a bookshop, reading
information about each book that seems to appeal to them before deciding to buy only one.
A) sufficient B) underlying C) discriminating D) predominant

30. A poor diet will __ growth in children, so children need a balanced diet with adequate calories and protein.
: · : A) . accumulate B) implement C) inhibit D) inspect
31. Researchers have _·_mat if everyone stopped smoking, cancer deaths could be cut by one-third.
A) estimated B) participated C) eliminated D) raised

32. Doctors are working on a medicine that would help Alzheimer patients __ the ability to remember the past.
With the help of this medicine, long-term memory loss could be prevented.
A) communicate B) retain C) associate D) respond

33. The __ between life in the country and the city is very marked. City life is hectic and tiring whereas country
life is healthy and relaxing.
A) subject B) aspect C) topic D) contrast

34. The Sri Lankan map will soon __ changes as the Government plans to add another 500 acres to Colombo
city limits by creating an artificial island in the sea.
A) rely B) regulate C) undergo D) diminish

35. It is not the first time vampire bats have started to attack people in the Amazon, but the authorities say this
latest __ is unusually serious.
A) outbreak 8) target C) ambiguity D) legacy

36. The doctor's __ about the seriousness of her illness surprised her, but it also helped prepare her for the
difficult days ahead.
A) congestion B) degradation C) depletion D) frankness

37. If you plan to be driving in the snow, there are many things you should do to __ that you remain safe. For
example, it is sensible to include a supply of food, drink, and blankets in the car.
A) ensure B) sustain C) fluctuate D) utilize

38. Some people think death penalty is a very good __, and it prevents people from committing serious crime.
A) vehicle B) composite C) deterrent D) distinction

39. Terrorists creating trouble on our country's soil will be chased and brought back for trials even if they flee to
other countries. They can·t __ punishment.
A} collapse B) stretch C) express D) evade

40. Many cities were destroyed by natural disasters and rebuilt. However, in some cases the destruction was so
great that the sites were completely __, and people moved to other places.
A) overlapped B) abandoned C) contradicted D) displayed
 . ' � •.

PART B: Choose the sentence which best restates the original sentence. (10 x 2 = 20 points)

- 41. The blue whale is the largest animal alive today an d is the largest animal ever to have lived.
A) The blue whale would be the largest animal today if it had survived.
· B) The blue whale will have been the longest-living creature by the time it becomes extinct.
C) The biggest animal that ever lived is the blue whale, still alive today.
D) The blue whale keeps its title as the heaviest land creature which ever existed.

42. Owing more to a lack of funds than time, the project will not be completed.
A) They won't be able to finish the project because of financial problems rather than a lack of time.
B) Because they owe too much, they don't have enough money to complete the project on time.
C} If they had enough time and financial support, they would finish tbe project.
D} The main reason why they can't complete the project is that they are short of time and moreover they are in
debt.

43. Scientists have managed to change the color of gold, which is a remarkable success in science.
A) Scientists have been successful in creating different colored pieces of gold, which is the most important
element in the world..
B) Scientists have been able to turn gold into a different color, and it is a notable achievement in the field.
C) The color of gold, which is significant for scientists, has been a matter of research recently.
D) Scientists are planning to change the color of gold, which will be a breakthrough in science if they become
successful.

44. It was no use trying to convince Einstein that Bohr was right in his quantum physics theories.
A) Einstein had no time to listen to Bohr's quantum physics theories since he was working on other subjects.
B) There was no point in trying to persuade Einstein that Bohr was right in his quantum physics theories.
C) If Bohr had explained his quantum physics theories effectively to Einstein, he would have been convinced.
D) It must have been Einstein who wasn't convinced by Bohr's quantum physics theories.

45. Some former US soldiers regret not being merciful towards the Vietnamese people.
A) The Vietnamese people wish former US soldiers had been gracious towards them.
B) If some US soldiers hadn't been forgiving towards the Vietnamese people, they would regret it now.
C) A few US soldiers are sorry for the fact that they weren't generous enough to meet the Vietnamese people's
needs.
D) Several former US soldiers wish they had been kind and forgiving towards the Vietnamese.

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·· · rs sue h as substance abuse.
· d ri· s k behav1o
, 46. Fame increases opportunities to adopt estabhshe
addicted to substances.
,". A) People with a bad reputation have higher risk of being .
s have show n a strong conne ction betwe en subst ance abuse an� being fam�us.
, · -8) Several studie _
chanc es of taking on well-k nown bad habits such as subst ance add1c t1on get highe r tf they beco me
· C) People's
· famous.
ing.
D) Being addicted to substances is an inevitable result of a person whose fame is increas
the recent
47. Citizens needn't have left their homes since there was no hazard of a tsunam i after
earthquake in Japan.
A) Citizens in Japan couldn't have left their homes after the recent earthquake due to the danger of a tsunami.
B) Citizens didn't need to leave their homes after the latest earthquake in Japan since a risk of a tsunami wasn't
very high.
C) Citizens left their homes after the latest earthquake in Japan since they thought there was a danger of a
tsunami, which turned out to be unreal.
D) The possibility of a tsunami made citizens in Japan rebuild their homes after the earthquake.

48. It was likely for those sailors to find the island since they had a compass.
A) Those sailors could have found the island because they had a compass.
8) Those sailors might find the island if they had a compass.
C) Because they didn't have a compass, those sailors got lost.
D) Those sailors must have found the island, but they didn't have a compass.

49. Unless a specific number of brain cells die, the signs of Alzheimer's don't appear in a person.
A) If a person started to show behaviors related to Alzheimer's, a specific number of brain cells would die soon.
B) A person starts to show the symptoms of Alzheimer's only if a certain number of brain cells die.
C) There must be some cells that are going to die in the brain of the person who has Alzheimer's.
D) Unless a specific number of brain cells die in a person's brain, it will be easily noticed that s/he has Alzheimer's.

50. After spending their whole life in a hectic city, people wish they had been able to travel more when
younger.
A) People having spent their life completely in a busy city regret not having had the opportunity to travel more.
B) City life is so hectic that young people complain that they can't find time to travel.
C) If only people having spent their entire life in a busy city could travel more.
D) People had better travel more when young instead of spending their whole life in a hectic city.
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· PART C: Read the texts and answer the questions. {20 x 2 = 40 points)
Text I: The Food that You Eat and Your Brain
.1 our
Y food choice is more important than you think. Junk food lovers should pay close attention. Of course,
· the food that you eat influences your stomach, but new research shows that some fruits and vegetables also help
the brain while some types of fat harm it.
·2 Mentally healthy foods include strawberries and spinach. In one study, in addition to their regular diet
researchers fed strawberries or a spinach salad to rats every day for two months. They compared these rats to rats
on a regular diet and observed that the rats with the extra foods had better cell function in their brains. These rats
also did better on a memory test.
3 Researchers think that these foods are useful because they have many antioxidants. Antioxidant molecules
fight against other molecules, called free radicals, which harm brain cells and brain function. Many scientists believe
that as we get older or when we become ill, we get too many free radicals in our brains and they cause problems.
The foods which have a lot of antioxidants protect our brains during these times and keep the free radicals from
hurting us.
4 Other studies show that eating too much food with high levels of saturated fat-such as hamburgers and
French fries-can make the brain work more slowly. Fat is important for health, but many people eat too much fat,
especially saturated fats. Studies show that rats that have a diet high in saturated fats do poorly on tests of memory
and learning. Human studie.s also report negative effects. In one study researchers examined the diets of 5,000
people and found that those who ate a lot of saturated fat had worse memories as they got older.
5 It's not clear how- -too much saturated fat harms the brain, but there are many theories. Some think the
problem is glucose, a sugar that provides energy to the body and brain. Glucose can help the brain, but too much of
it seems to affect certain brain memory molecules. One study on rats found that a high amount of glucose in the
brain decreased the chemicals which help the brain to remember things.
6 More research is needed to understand all the effects of food, and scientists hope to develop specific
dietary guidelines that will increase brain health. For now, researchers say it is best to eat more fruits and
vegetables and a small amount of saturated fat.
51. The rats --.
A) had better memories after eating strawberries for two months
B) had better memories after eating a lot of saturated fats
C) did not eat spinach in any of the studies
D) could remember things better if they had a lot of glucose
52. Free radicals---.
A) decrease when we get older or when we are ill
B) work together with antioxidants to increase memory
C) do not harm people if the foods they eat have enough antioxidants
. D) are because of eating too many hamburgers and French fries
53. Scientists --.
· .· A) have finished their research on increasing brain health
8) will develop new foods that will be healthy for the brain
_: ,- .· C) think e�ting more fruits and vegetables is good for your health
.: \ , p) say eatmg more saturated fat is a good idea
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\-· A} Accord ing to research, fat is always harmful to peopl_e s a anima health
s o� people an rats.
· ·. ·e) Too much saturated fat can negatively affect the brain _ ?
. C) More .-. than 5,000 people participated in a study that exam ined their d1�ts.
· . D) It is very importan t that people stop eating hamburge rs and French fnes.

55. Which statement is TRUE according to the text?

A) Studies show that spinach helps brain cells but strawbe rries do not.
B) Antioxidants are usually harmful to our brains.
C) In the study on 5,000 people, saturated fats had a bad effect on memory.
D) Scientists have developed the perfect diet for brain health.

Text II: Japan's Gateway to the 21st Centu ry

·1 There are, experts say, only two man-made structures clearly visible from space. One is the Great Wall of
China, the other is Japan's Kansai International Airport, built on an artificial island five kilometres out to sea which
was the biggest public construction project of the 20th century.

2 Building an airport in the sea had three important advantages: It solved the problem of building on
expensive land in the city, it could operate 24 hours a day, and there would be no public opposition. The authorities
wanted to avoid protests like those in the 1 970s which had delayed the building of Tokyo's Narita Airport for nearly
ten years.

3 Construction of the airport island began in January 1 987. To provide the landfill, in the form of rocks and
soil for the island, two mountains were completely destroyed. Special planes transported millions of cubic metres of
landfill to the site and jettisoned it on the sea bed. During the construction of an artificial island, it is normal for the
sea bed to sink. However, experts became worried when they discovered that the rate of sinking was much faster
than they had expected. A lot more landfill was needed and until suitable fill was found, the project was stopped,
which added another £50 million to the cost. By 1 992 the "sinking airport'' had become a national scandal and the
head of the airport company had to resign.

4 Sinking was not the only problem. Work was often stopped by strong storms, which made it impossible to
transport thousands of workers to the site. It seemed that the critics of the project, who had warned that storms -
such as typhoons - would close the airport for weeks at a time, had been right.

5 In April 1 99 1 , construction of the passenger terminal building began. The design, which had won an
international competition, was by the Italian architect Renzo Piano. The building was secure against earthquakes
and strong storms, such as typhoons. Its design emphasized technology and nature in harmony. Building the
•.
terminal was a challenge because during the construction, tests showed that the island was sinking more under the
heavier central part of the terminal than under the lighter wing sections. Engineers solved the problem by installing
a system which made it possible to keep the foundations of the terminal building level.
·
6 . . · When Kansai International Airport was opened on 4th Septe mber 1 994, it attracted half a million visitors in two
, days . . They came to see Japan's £1 O billion symbol of success, and to walk through this futuristic "gateway to the
i}{(':2t�1 century". . . ..
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, ; $6. Protests in the 1970s were an example of ---.

. A} the disadvantages of building an airport in the sea
B) , a problem that led to a construction delay
C) , people_'� o ppositi �� to the high price of land in the city
D) authorities oppos1t1on to the new airport
57. According to the text, during the construction of the island ---.
A) the experts thought there would be no sinking
· B) it is not normal if the sea bed sinks
C) building must stop if the sea bed sinks
D) it is possible for the sea bed to sink

58. Which of the following is not a reason for the delay in the construction of the airport?
A) They had to stop the sinking of the airport.
B} They had to find a suitable source of landfill
C) The authorities had to find an extra £50 million.
D) Workers couldn't go to the island because of the bad weather conditions.

59. The word jettisoned in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ---.

A} sank B} built C} left D) discovered

60. According to the text, which of the following is not true?

A) The project of building Kansai International Airport started in the 1 970s.
B) They couldn't start building the terminal building earlier than 1 99 i.
C} The original head of the airport company was not able to finish the project.
D} The building of Kansai International Airport took about seven years.
61. [Link] the construction of the passenger terminal, the engineers ---.
A) didn't see the sinking problem in some sections
B} didn't believe the sinking problems would affect construction
C) found a system to solve the sinking problem before they started the terminal building
D) had to find solutions to the sinking problem during construction
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}_; . • Text IJI: Dyslexia
1
,.,., · -.. -becauseReading is the most important skill that a child must acquire at school
one must learn to read to be able to learn. Unfortunately an alarming
number of people have never developed good reading skills. In the US, the National
. Adult Literacy Survey - a survey to determine the number of the people who can
read and write - of 1993 found that even though most adults in this survey had
finished high school, 96% of them could not read, write, and figure well enough to be
successful at college. Even more to the point, 25% were unable to read.
2 Children with reading difficulties share a number of common symptoms. These children tend to reverse
letters or words, to omit letters, to lose their place, to remember little of what they have read, or to read with poor
comprehension. These children are considered to suffer from a learning disability, commonly called dyslexia. The
idea that dyslexia is a biological disorder that could be diagnosed and treated accordingly was accepted during the
1960s and 1970s, giving rise to various theories. All these theories - most of them blaming some difference in
structure between the brain of the dyslexic and that of the normal reader - have led to nothing at all. Despite all
these theories and all the intervention efforts based on them, not to mention the huge amounts of money expended
in the process, the numbers of dyslexics continue to escalate.
3 The theories that claim dyslexia has a neurological basis do not really explain why this "noncontagious
disease" is on the increase. Compare the present situation with, for example, that of a century ago. In 1910, the
illiteracy rate in the US was extremely low. Similarly, in 1935, a survey of 375 , 000 men found an illiteracy rate of
only 1.9 percent. It is most noteworthy that this figure was found among men primarily of low socioeconomic status.
Recent studies have also confirmed this surprising finding.
4 � However, the National Commission on Excellence has warned that US students are "at risk" for
dyslexia, while remedial reading facilities are not needed at all in Japan due to the rarity of reading problems. �
Some would argue that reading problems are almost nonexistent in Japan because their written language is easier
than our Latin alphabet. � That, however, is simply not true. � The Japanese writing system consists of 1, 850
characters. In addition to these characters, they use two different kinds of alphabet systems called Kana
syllabaries. Each has 46 basic letters compared to our 26.

5 Some scientists also underline that differences between dyslexics' brains and those of normal readers are
not necessarily the cause of a reading difficulty. Such differences may well be the effect of a learnin� difficulty. The
latest neurological findings, such as the work of Michael Merzenich of the University o� San Francisco, sh�w that
while certain areas of the brain are designated for specific purposes, brain cells change 1_n response to l�ammg. �ns
London
interesting study in London has found that an area of the brain associated with navigation �as larger m of the
mental map
taxi drivers than in other people. The drivers' brains have adapted to help them store a detailed
city, shrinking in one area to allow growth in another.

62. It is implied in paragraph 1 that ---.

A) only very few adults in the US finished high school in the 1990s
B) people who cannot go to college may have better reading skills than the ones who go to college
C) high school education in the US mainly focuses on reading and writing
· D} a child who is a poor reader will also be a poor learner
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. 63'. Ac co r? ing to pa r gr h 2, in ge
� �� neral dyslexics ---.
A) have difficulty ma mt a1r nng attention in
all
B) do not full y und ers tan d what they have reaareas of life .
C) seem to have difficu lty with both far and nead
r visi
D) are hig h in IQ, yet may not test well academical on
ly
64. One can und erst and from paragra ph 2 that --.
A) more � oney had to be spent on the treatment of dyslexia to eliminate the
problem
B) the brain of norm al readers was also studied to understand dyslexia better
C) the th�o �.es have proved that dyslexia increases with age
D) dyslexia Is the most comm on learning disab ility among children

65. According to paragraph 3, the writer implies that ---.

A) literacy surveys didn't include women, so their results are invalid
8) in 1910, the education system in the US was so bad that very few people were literate
C) people who are in a lower class aren't more likely to have dyslexia
D) public schools failed to educate people with low socioeconomic status

66. Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence can be added to paragraph 4 and circle the
best choice.
� . � � �

It is also impossible to explain how a neurological disorder can be more common in some countries.
67. In paragraph 4, Japan's written language is compared to English written language to point out ---.
A) how challenging it is to analyze the Japanese system of letters
B) the difficulty of learning to write in Japanese
C) the rarity of reading and writing problems in English
D) how little the writing system affects dyslexia
68. The word those in paragraph 5 refers to --.
A) brains B) dyslexics C) differences D) scientists

69. In paragraph 5, London's taxi drivers are given as an example of ---.

A) incredible memory powers C) learning success
B) eagerness to learn D) changes in brain structure
70. Which of the following sentences is FALSE according to the text?
A) Spelling problems are an indicator of dyslexia.
B) learning and reading are fundamentally related.
C) Illiteracy has been a serious problem in the US since the early 1900s. ..
,
D) Early theories of dyslexia were based on the differences in brain anatomy.
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