XAT-2017
EXPLANATORY ANSWERS
PART-A
SECTION-I
VERBAL and LOGICAL ABILITY
Q.1) Statements 3, 4 and 5 cannot be the opening statement since the usage of “Here”
implies that the subject of the discussion has already been introduced; nor can statement 1,
since statement 1 begins with “This” and that too implies the subject has been introduced. The
introduction to the passage can only be through Statement 2.Statement 1 labels/describes the
area that has been introduced in statement 3.Therefore, the sequence should start from 2,
proceed to statement 3 and then on to 1.Statement 3 after statement 4 is awkward as emphasis
shifts from races to mountains. Hence, Option B is the correct answer. Hence, [b].
Q.2) Statement 4 asks a specific query, which is illustrated by an example given in the
statement 3 therefore creating a pattern of 4 followed by 3. Alternatively, statement 4 raises a
question and statement 3 raises the same question in a different and a general manner (“In
other words”). It again shows that 3 should follow 4.
Statement 1 talks about why do elements get their property, while statement 4 describes a
specific case. As stated in the statement 1, the properties can only be derived from the periodic
table. Hence, statement 4 should follow statement 1. Statement 2 is a conclusive statement and
hence should be the last statement.
Statement 1 cannot flow from statement 3 because statement 1 does not give any hint about an
answer to the question raised by statement 3. Statement 1 should also come before statement 3
as statement 1 mentions “order” in periodic table while statement 3asks justification behind the
“order”, which is answered in statement 2.
Hence, Option B is the correct answer. Hence, [b].
Q.3) The last two lines of the poem talk about sense of identification (word “my” is used)that
poet may have towards her parents. This hints that fond memories were attributed to parents
and not to the surroundings or the beautiful house. Surroundings and house became beautiful
because of parents.
Option A is wrong as “mountains” are not mentioned anywhere. Option B is wrong as there is no
mention of the “community”. Option C is again wrong as there is no mention of “climate”, there is
mention of only “steam” and “brazier”, which is not climate. Option D is wrong because it
captures the essence only of the first three lines from the stanza and not the entire passage.
Hence, Option E is the best answer. Hence, [e].
Q.4) The First paragraph talks about food inflation and vegetable inflation rising and also states
that the food inflation has an overwhelming impact on overall inflation. The second paragraph
talks about how this data concerns RBI. For RBI this data i.e. trend is a concern since if the
trend continues, RBI will have to explain to the government.
As of now, the trend is a concern for RBI and therefore the data offers a potential application
(use) to RBI. Thus, the most appropriate Option is B. Options A is wrong since there is no cause
and effect relationship between the two paragraphs. Option C is wrong, since no assertion is
made in the first paragraph. In Option E, while the first paragraph discusses pain points, the
second paragraph does not discuss any remedy.
Option D is wrong since, the second paragraph does not hint at any inefficiency on the part of
RBI other than the possibility of RBI giving an explanation in the future if and only if the trend
continues in the future and crosses 11%. Even then it may not hint at any inefficiency on the
part of RBI. At this point in time it is inappropriate to label RBI inefficient.
As of now, therefore the trend is a concern for RBI and therefore the data offers a potential
application to RBI. But we cannot make any inference beyond this. Since the acceptable upper
limit of inflation is 11%, the current trend may not mean that RBI is effective or ineffective in
managing inflation. Also since how much resources RBI had in its arsenal to control inflation is
not given in the first or second paragraphs, and how much was put to use is also not discussed
in both the paragraphs, so, the second paragraph does not hint anything about efficiency or
inefficiency.
Q.5) The second sentence/line in the passage can be completed by either 1) “unproductive” or
3) “overstated”. But the following sentence (third) questions the perception of “change of
attitudes” contained in the second sentence/line. The serious study of popular films by critics
implies that the critics are compelled to rationalize their “penchant for” and hence, 3 will be
followed by 4. By rationalizing their penchant for popular films, they unwittingly reveal their
continued investment in the categorization of popular and art films. Hence, the appropriate
sequence of words should start with 3 follow it with 4 and then by 6. Hence, option C is the
correct answer. Hence, [c].
Q.6) The poem talks about seemingly dissimilar items actually seeking each other and also
connected with each other. Invisible atoms which may be of different types, such as seeds and
earth, or stars and seas, each of these groups of dissimilar items are finally connected. Hence,
Option E best captures the spirit of the stanza. Options A and B are specific examples related to
stars, rivers and seas. Option C is wrong as there is nothing mentioned about division in the
stanza. Option D is wrong as the stanza does not talk about religious differences.
Q.7) A is the correct answer as first and second part of the sentence should have same
grammatical structure. Option C is also grammatically correct but it has no meaning as ”MBA
college” cannot be “best in Job”. Options B, D and E are combined sentences as ”I” gets
repeated in the second part of the sentence, like in the first part. Moreover, the article “a” is
missing before “good job” in options B, D and E.
Q.8) The question is, among the five options which would imply that the stock price increase is
“a fir”? Increase in the stock price took place after the company agreed to pay 200 million and
not when punishment was announced by the commission. Even assuming commission and
court are the same, given that complying with the commission is mandatory/statutory behaviour,
compliance is no “fair” reason for stock price to increase based on compliance behaviour.
Hence, option E cannot be the right answer.
When the company agreed to pay the fine, the market perceived it as acknowledgement of
deceit and the valuation of such deceit is clear (from the fine amount). This acknowledgement of
behaviour (deceit) and specifically the valuation or price of such behaviour becoming clear,
gives lots more information to the market thereby increasing the stock price. Hence, D is the
answer.
Options A and B are wrong since stock price did not increase when the organization was
exposed, but when the organization acknowledged. Option C is wrong as there is no data on
stock price movement when the organization‘s “fraud” was exposed.
Q.9) The paragraph says 2 million hectares of world‘s current tomato cultivation areas are lost in
the most favourable areas of cultivation. Therefore, favourable area under cultivation is
reducing. Given that favourable areas have more production per hectare and extended areas
have lesser production per hectare, the overall production per hectare will reduce though total
global production may increase. Hence, Option C is the correct inference.
Option A and E are not correct since going by the discussion above, increase in ‘per hectare
production of tomato’ or production remaining the same is not possible.
Options B and D are wrong because there is no mention of ‘wastage of tomato‘ in the passage.
Q.10) All the sentences are grammatically correct. Hence, option E is correct.
Q.11) Grotesque and macabre both mean/signify unpleasant, out of the normal and hideous.
But Macabre while being unpleasant specifically focuses on death or is related to death. Among
the options given below, all the right hand side words signify or are related to death/dead.
But among options, the words on the left hand side, only sorcery is unpleasant and therefore
similar to grotesque. Hence D.
Q.12) In all these words, the emphasis is on the second syllable “fect”. Hence, option with first
part emphasised are wrong. This makes C as the right answer. Further, generally, affect is used
as verb, while effect is used as noun. Hence, C is the correct answer.
Q.13) The essence of passage is how we are forced to upgrade in order to stay relevant.
Hence, up gradation is forced rather than left to our choices. Hence, C is the best answer.
Option A is wrong because second law of thermodynamics, as mentioned in the paragraph,
talks about things falling apart and not about “energy required”. B and E are contradictory to the
ideas mentioned in the passage. D is partially incorrect as upgradation is not simple.
Q.14) In the passage, the author is making two points. The first is that change is constant and
the second is how to adapt to the change so as to survive. In other words, the first is more of an
observation by the author while the second part is his/her core argument/exhortation. Thus, the
essence of the passage is the second point (i.e. how to adapt) while keeping in mind the
existence of the first. Based on the argument above, Option A is the closest since it includes
both the points and hence, the correct answer. Option B contains only the first point, while
Option C is irrelevant. Option D and E are reactive and would be a consequence of non-
adherence of the author‘s exhortation.
Q.15) If the CEO were to consult the author, then going by the passage, life-time employment
does not guarantee continuous up-gradation. Also, the tenure of an employee does not
guarantee up-gradation. Similarly, inferring from the passage, those who do not upgrade should
be fired and be replaced with new employees. The other solution can be providing regular
training in place of firing. Hence, correct option is D.
Q.16) The last paragraph of the passage gives away that “I” is a pencil, as the one object
among the options given, that can satisfy the passage completely. Thus, Option D is the correct
answer.
Q.17) Supercilious is arrogant or contemptuous attitude. In the passage, it is used w.r.t. pencil.
Since, pencil looks simple and trivial, people might develop supercilious attitude towards it.
Hence, B is the right answer.
Q.18) Psychopaths hide their deficits as long as possible, thereby pretending to be normal.
There are many symptoms of psychopathy, which they can hide for long. But the core deficit viz.
lack of indifference or compassion is something they cannot hide for long. The passage directly
mentions that compassion, the core deficit is missing among psychopath towards the end of first
paragraph. Hence, C is the correct option.
Q.19) According to the author empathy and compassion exist not as freak biological accidents
but for a reason. They have a function. Hence, option A is right. The above argument rules out
Option B. Empathy according to the author is the product of moral choice and not the cause of
it. Therefore, Option C is wrong. Psychopaths‘ lack of regard of others, as stated in the passage
makes option D wrong. Option E is not discussed in the passage so it is irrelevant and
therefore, wrong.
Q.20) As the faculty is not changing the grade for a particular student as others might get
affected, he is clearly showing empathy to that student as well as to other students. But at the
same time, he is not displaying compassion to any student in this situation(though we cannot
conclude that he is not compassionate). It is difficult to conclude whether the faculty is a
psychopath or not. Hence, Option D is correct.
Q.21) As per Existentialists, we are completely plastic when we are born, and we are product of
growing up and what we do. If we extend this logic, then our behaviour would be more
determined by what we do in the recent past than distant past. Hence, the right option is E.
Q.22) The above excerpt from the passage suggests that while existentialists hold liberty
important, libertarians hold liberty supremely important. Therefore, existentialism can be
extended to Libertarianism. Therefore, A is the correct answer.
Q.23) Option A is wrong since PETA activists interfere with animal related experiments,
impeding better understanding of animal behaviour and subsequently, human behaviour. Save
the Tiger activists, broadly concerned about illegal poaching are irrelevant to the passage.
Where they are concerned about the way tigers are being ill treated, they are similar to PETA
and hence would not earn the sympathy of the author. Architect, Physicists are irrelevant to the
passage. The passage clearly states, in the last line, that we need to compare human studies
with animal studies for better understanding of human behaviour. Since zoologists study
animals, the author is most likely to agree with them. Hence, E is the best answer.
Q.24) Animal behaviour is farthest from “culture”, as used in the first sentence of the second
paragraph. Hence, B is the right option.
SECTION-II
DECISION MAKING ABILITY
Q.1) If the money was stolen, then someone who had the need for money should have stolen it.
Out of the options available the choices 1&4 and 2&4 will increase the probability that Vimla has
stolen it and hence, B and D are wrong. Options 3&5, 1&3, and 1&5will increase the probability
that Shreya‘s son has stolen it. Out of the three options 3&5 would make the probability of
stealing by son the highest, which would imply that the probability that Vimla has stolen it is the
lowest. Hence, E is the right answer.
Q.2) The objective is to prevent (P) further theft while being appropriate (A). Therefore, best
option should be P:Yes and A:Yes
Statement 1: (P-N, A-Y) Objective of prevention is not met in 1.
Statement 2: (P-Y, A-N)
Statement 3: (P-Y, A-Y) Message delivered to Vimla is same in statement 3 and 4, but3 is more
appropriate
Statement 4: (P-Y, A-Y (somewhat)): Message delivered to Vimla is same in 3 and 4,but 3 is
more appropriate, as in 4 Shreya is bringing in a third party (neighbours) when it is she who
suspects.
Statement 5: (P-Y, A-Y). This is more appropriate than 4 but less appropriate than 3since
compared to 4 where Shreya is placing the blame on her neighbours, in 5 Shreya owns it up,
however in 3 Shreya is discussing the incident, while in 5 she is pointing a finger at Vimla purely
on suspicion.
Therefore, Option D is the correct answer.
Q.3) Since company is formed with a motto of ethics and equal compensation, it should not be
disturbed. Compensation, should not change based on who gets the business because
tomorrow someone else might get the business or getting business may be a role assigned to
one member, while others play equally important but different role. It is not an unethical situation
because the project was won on the basis of capability and not because of favour from
Rahman‘s father. Hence, C becomes the best option as no one is favoured.
Q.4) In options A, B and C, the house owner lacks control over the quality of construction.
However, in option D the owner can monitor discrepancies on an everyday basis and take
corrective actions, if required, especially given Mrs. Biswas‘ professional experience. Option D
is equivalent to continuous monitoring which is superior to one time monitoring in other options.
Hence, D is the best answer.
Q.5) Option C makes first and second options (in the caselet) less attractive, but does not make
third option (in the caselet) as attractive as option B does. Option D makes first option (in the
caselet) and second option (in the caselet) attractive but does not improve the chances of
preferring the third option (in the caselet). Option E makes first option(in the caselet) less
attractive and second option most attractive. Based on arguments presented in the previous
question, it is clear that third option (in the caselet) was not the best. Hence, A is not the right
answer.
If the builder had good reputation among the local house owners, it means that the builder has
been constructing houses to the satisfaction of the local house owners which probably would
mean that the builder should be able to assure good quality. Hence, B is the answer.
Q.6) If builders are forced to pay penalty for bad quality then they are more likely to deliver good
quality, though it would be difficult to force the penalty on unregistered builders. The chances of
unregistered builder improving quality because of penalty are lower, as the builder can, more
easily, escape the clutches of law. Hence, the right set of option should start with 3. It gives us
C as the right answer.
Q.7) Among the options available, the root cause would be that option which if removed will stop
the further consequences. Applying this principle D is the root cause because had the
management not meted out a disproportionate punishment, the current situation faced by the
organization would not have risen. Even if the pastor flouted the norms, and the waitress
violated the privacy, the public outcry would not have arisen unless the public perceived the
punishment meted by the organization as unfair. It is not a crime to flout a norm; but, the
waitress might have committed an offence by flouting the rules of the organization. However the
punishment for such an alleged offence is what started the outcry. Hence, Option D is the right
answer.
Q.8) Since waitress was punished in a disproportionate manner to the mistake she committed,
hence, the organization should first apologize to the waitress and offer tore-instate her as early
as possible. However, waitress is wrong to display customer details on her personal social
media page. She should also apologise for this act of discretion. Hence, the organization should
offer to reinstate and ask her to apologize for her action, in the social media. Hence, B is the
best answer.
Q.9) Option A is not possible because it is unfair to the students as mentioned in the case.
Option C is not a solution as it talks only about discussions and not a decision. It can be a good
initial point but not a concrete way to solve the problem. Option D is not the best solution as it
does not address the concern of parking lot and emergencies. Further D is an inferior option in
comparison to Option B even with respect to pollution control. Option E does not solve the
problem as it does not address concerns of parking lot. Further, Option E is inferior in
comparison to Option B with respect to pollution control. Option B is the best solution as it
addresses parking as well as other issues including those related to environment.
Q.10) Option C is not correct as it offers a path but does not offer a solution. Option D is wrong
because it does not provide the administration with any increase in revenue. Option E can
reduce carbon footprints and satisfy stakeholders but there is no scope of increase in revenues.
Option B is unfair as one stakeholder pays for deeds of others and it does not solve carbon
footprints. Option A increases satisfaction for all stakeholders; it will also increase revenue and
can reduce carbon footprints by making it costly to drive vehicles inside campus. So, Option A is
the correct answer.
Q.11) The business has already reached 90% utilization (and this is improving further) during
peak hours, in addition he has space constraints. Making substantial changes will incurlot of
costs but opportunities for benefits are limited because of existing 90%utilization. Further,
selling dishes of other regions might affect current focus on authentic Tamil food (and this was
the business opportunity according to the passage).– . Moreover, there is no surety that he will
do well in other cuisines because lack of experience/expertise. Hence, Giri is better off to focus
on authentic and quality Tamil cuisine which is the reason for his success. So, option C is the
correct answer.
Q.12) The objective is to experiment with a few Karnataka dishes. Customer should be aware of
it, but this (experimentation) should not be added to the mainstream business as of now,
therefore, should not be part of the main menu. The only option that satisfies both the criteria is
E and therefore, Option E is the right answer.
Q.13) In Option A, the trend for sales for Karnataka dishes increasing along with the totalsales
increasing and hence, is the right answer.
Q.14) In Snakes and Ladder, the player cannot exhibit any skill and therefore cannot determine
the outcome, which is random if the dice is fair. The past data in the table is not relevant for
selection. Hence, the best selection process should give equal opportunity to everyone and
therefore, Option E is the right answer.
Q.15) In hundred shooting trials, it is highly unlikely that any student would get a high score
unless he/she is really good at shooting. The trials give us enough information to choose those
who have scored the highest. Therefore, option A is correct.
Q.16) In the game of cricket, a player has to stop batting when he gets out. Therefore, there is
no guarantee that even the best of batsman will play out all 100 balls. On the contrary, even the
worst batsman can play hundred balls, though chances are low. Hence, there is a possibility
that best batsman can get out after playing 5 balls and worst batsman can play more balls than
him. Hence, the coach can never be sure of rejecting a person with low score or select a
batsman, based on the above data. Hence, options A, B, C, and D all are wrong. Best answer is
Option E.
Q.17) Humility is the quality of not being proud of being perfect as you are aware of your
limitations. Therefore, among the options, the option that focuses on awareness of the self with
respect to limitations should be in the consideration set for the correct answer. However, the
focus on awareness of self is not necessarily linked to “improvement” or “overcoming” the
limitations. Moreover, the culture of humility should not beconfused with the performance
measurement or rewards and compensation. Among the options, Option D focuses on making
one aware of one self without any link with rewards or performance and hence, Option D is the
right answer.
Q.18) The principal has received an anonymous mail which could be a result of an underlying
concern, which might be genuine or not, among the student(s). So, she should focus on the
underlying concern, but this way of communicating anonymously is something that should be
strongly discouraged. Since the underlying concern may or may not be genuine, she should
openly invite students for discussions but not discuss the mail as such.
Hence, Option A is the right answer because principal is addressing: a) the issue of anonymous
email and b) whether the content of the email is a concern.
Q.19)
Q.20)
Q.21) Option D is the best option as it gives highest profit. Even if we subtract wages of
Aman(100), option D remains the better.
SECTION-III
DATA INTERPRETATION AND QUANTITATIVE ABILITY
Q.1) The series can be written as follows: 105+110+115+120 = 450. Thus, Option D is the
correct answer. Hence, [d].
Q.2)
Hence, [b].
Q.3) 4(x – 2)2 + 4(y – 3)2 – 2(x – 3)2
=4(x2 – 4x + 4) + 4(y2 – 6y + 9) – 2(x2 – 6x + 9)
=2x2 – 4x + 4y2 – 24y + 34
= 2(x2 – 2x + 1) + 4(y2 – 2.y.3 + 9) + (34 – 2 – 36)
= 2(x – 1)2 + 4(y – 3)2 – 4
= – 4 (assuming minimum value of square terms is zero). Thus, Option B is the right answer.
Hence, [b].
Q.4) Tank get half-filled in 30 minutes, i.e., in 1 minute 1/60 fraction get filled. Let‘s checkthis
through options with 1 minute cases:
Option A: ¼ – (1/10 + 1/12 + 1/20) = ¼ – 14/60 = 1/60 (correct answer)
Option B: - 1/60 (drained)
Option C: (1/10 + 1/12) – (1/4 + 1/20) = 11/60 – 18/60 (drained)
Option D: 7/60 filled in 1 minute
Hence, [a].
Q.5) Assume marked price of shirts = x/per shirt
Four shirts will cost (with the offer) = 3x + 100
Then, 20 shirts will cost (5 such offers) = 5(3x + 100) = 15x + 500 = 20000
Thus, x = 19500/15 = 1300.
Therefore, B is the right answer. Hence, [b].
Q.6)
Hence, [c].
Q.7) Out of a total of 36 cases following cases will satisfy the above condition:
Dice 1 (1): Dice 2 (2,3,4,5, & 6) i.e. 5 cases
Dice 1 (2): Dice 2 (3,4,5, & 6) i.e. 4 cases
Dice 1 (3): Dice 2 (4,5, & 6) i.e. 3 cases
Dice 1 (4): Dice 2 (5, & 6) i.e. 2 cases
Dice 1 (5): Dice 2 (6) i.e. 1 case
Hence, possible number of cases = 15/36 i.e. Option C. Hence, [c].
Q.8) If f(x) = ax + b, then f(f(x)) = a(ax + b) + b = a2x + ab + b
9x + 8 = a2x + ab + b
Thus, a2 = 9, a = 3.
Moreover, ab + b = 8, or, 3b + b = 8, or, b = 2
So, a + b = 5. Hence, [c].
Q.9) During the 2 km walk, Arup takes 30 minutes and Swarup takes 24 minutes. Hence,
Swarup is ahead of Arup by 6 minutes.
In boat, both of them row for 30 minutes. Hence, Swarup maintains the margin of 6
minutes.
In car, every hour Arup goes ahead by 10 km.
Before Arup starts, in 6 minutes, Swarup covers 4 km.
Arup covers this distance in (60/10)*4 = 24 minutes
During walk and in boat Arup goes = 30 + 30 = 60 minutes
They will meet again at 8 AM + 60 minutes + 24 minutes = 9:24 AM. Hence, [d].
Q.10)
Hence, [e].
Q.11) Amit and Benn both got 35 marks. Maximum possible = 40 (if all correct). So they
made 1 mistake. (9 correct and one wrong = 9 × 4 – 1= 35). Their answers are all same,
except 3rd and 5th number. As they made only 1 mistake, both of them are correct in
one of these two.
Except 3rd and 5th answers, out of remaining 8, Chitra had 5 mismatches with both of
them i.e. 5 mistakes. In 3rd and 5th numbers, her answer was same as Benn. So, one out
of 3rd and 5th question is right and the other one is wrong. Hence, she made a total of 6
mistakes and her marks should be = 4 × 4 – 6 = 10. Hence, [a].
Q.12)
Hence, [d].
Q.13)
Hence, [e].
Q.14) If N is perfect cube, then (p + 7), (q – 2), (r + 1) and (s) should be divided by 3 (11, 7, 5
and 3 being prime numbers).
For smallest sum of p + q + r + s, p = 2, q = 2, r = 2 and s = 3 (all are positive integers)
Answer = 9 (Option E). Hence, [e].
Q.15) If we choose maximum 4 students from each department, there will be 20 students. So,
21st student will ensure at least one group has 5 representatives. Hence, [c].
Q.16)
Hence, [d].
Q.17)
Hence, [a].
Q.18)3, 3, 2 is the correct distribution. Other possible combinations will violate the conditions
of maximum overs mentioned in the question. So, the question can be answered without
using S1 and S2. (Option E). Hence, [e].
Q.19)
Hence, [d].
Q.20) We need to look at histogram to interpret the answer. The histogram for
performance_caff and performance_plac is left skewed (most of data are on right side),
which will shift median to right side compared to the mean. The situation is opposite in
case of arousal_caff. Furthermore, arousal_plac‘s histogram is not symmetric and
hence, there is no guarantee of its mean and median being equal. Hence, options B, C, D
and E are incorrect and Option A is right. Hence, [a].
Q.21) The weakest relationship should be away from “extreme values”, i.e. it should be the
closest to zero. The closest relationship to zero, among the five options, is .16, which is
between “extraverion” and “performance _caff”. Therefore, A is the right option. Hence, [a].
Q.22) The question can be answered by looking at the scatter plot, which is on the left hand
side of the diagonal. Option A is weak as the scatter is dispersed all over. Option B is very
close, but some dispersion can be seen away from the “trend line”. The scatter plot in the
option D is dispersed as well and hence it cannot be right answer. The scatter plot in the
option C is the closest to the trend line and hence it should be the answer, though the
relationship is weaker as compared to that in the option B (This is because it is
curvilinear in shape, while relationship value assumes linearity). Hence, [c].
Q.23) Comparison between the visual pattern in the left side and the numbers in the right hand
side indicates Option B is the correct answer. Hence, [b].
Q.24) Option A (Calculations at the end) Hence, [a].
Q.25) Option E (Calculations at the end). Hence, [e].
Q.26) Option D (Calculations at the end). Hence, [d].
Q.27)
Hence, [b].
PART-B
SECTION-I
GENERAL AWARENESS
Q.1) Hence, [e].
Q.2) Hence, [b].
Q.3) Hence, [b].
Q.4) Hence, [e].
Q.5) Hence, [d].
Q.6) Hence, [b].
Q.7) Hence, [e].
Q.8) Hence, [b].
Q.9) Hence, [b].
Q.10) Hence, [b].
Q.11) Hence, [b].
Q.12) Hence, [b].
Q.13) Hence, [c].
Q.14) Hence, [a].
Q.15) Hence, [a].
Q.16) Hence, [d].
Q.17) Hence, [c].
Q.18) Hence, [d].
Q.19) Hence, [a].
Q.20) Hence, [c].
Q.21) Hence, [c].
Q.22) Hence, [a].
Q.23) Hence, [a].
Q.24) Hence, [e].
Q.25) Hence, [c].
